Full ingredients list Aubrey Organics Age-Defying Therapy Aha ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 3		Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice
1	A	Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1 2	A	Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Wax (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Smoothing)
1	A	Cetyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant)
1		Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent)	Anti Aging Good for dry skin
4		Alcohol Denat (Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for dry skin Alcohol
	A	Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Seed Oil
1	A	Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Good for dry skin Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate (Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent)
1		Carrageenan
1		Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract (Skin Conditioning, Moisturising)
1 4	B	Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Preservative)
	A	Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil (Skin Protecting)
1	A	Glyceryl Stearate (Emollient, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Cetearyl Alcohol (Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous)
4 6	B	Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil	Bad for sensitive skin
2		Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil (Fragrance, Skin Conditioning)	Bad for sensitive skin
1	A	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) (Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster)	Good for dry skin Anti Aging Brightening
1	A	Glyceryl Caprylate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
		Mg Stearate+
2 4	B	Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract (Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning)	Bad for sensitive skin
1 2	B	Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract	Bad for sensitive skin Good for oily skin
1	B	Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate (Surfactant, Cleansing)
1		Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract (Keratolytic)
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1		Linoleic Acid (Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Sufactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Linolenic Acid (Perfuming, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Sufactant)	Fungal Acne Trigger

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice

Function:

1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.

4. References:

- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.

- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.

- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter

Function:

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Wax

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Smoothing

1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Wax:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Wax is a natural wax derived from the outer layer of rice bran. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Wax is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties and ability to form a protective barrier on the skin. It is often found in lip balms, lotions, creams, and other skincare products to help hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Wax:

When using products containing Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Wax, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitivities to rice or waxes should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is best to follow the recommended usage instructions on the product packaging to ensure optimal results.

4. References:

- Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2015). Rice Bran Wax: A Potential Cosmetic Ingredient. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(1), 13-22.

- Kim, S., & Park, S. (2017). Formulation and Evaluation of Lip Balms Containing Rice Bran Wax. Journal of Cosmetic and Dermatological Sciences, 1(2), 87-94.

- Nguyen, T., Nguyen, H., & Nguyen, T. (2019). Effects of Rice Bran Wax on Skin Hydration. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(3), 256-263.

Cetyl Alcohol

Other name: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant

1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:

Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)

- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour is a finely ground powder made from the kernels of the oat plant. It is rich in nutrients such as proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is known to help calm irritated skin, reduce inflammation, and improve skin barrier function. Additionally, it can help to exfoliate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and hydrated.

3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, masks, scrubs, and lotions. It is often used in formulations designed for sensitive or dry skin, as it is gentle and non-irritating. To use products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour, simply follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4. References:

- Bae, J. Y., & Park, S. N. (2012). Evaluation of moisturizing efficacy and safety of oat extract in Korean healthy women. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(1), 39-45.

- Sur, R., & Nigam, A. (2011). Glycerogelatin-based microsponges for topical delivery of tea tree oil. Journal of Microencapsulation, 28(6), 560-568.

- Reynertson, K. A., Garay, M., Nebus, J., Chon, S., Kaur, S., Mahmood, K., ... & Southall, M. D. (2015). Anti-inflammatory activities of colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) contribute to the effectiveness of oats in treatment of itch associated with dry, irritated skin. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 14(1), 43-48.

Alcohol Denat

Other name: SD Alcohol; SD Alcohol 40; SD Alcohol 40B; Denatured Alcohol; Dehydrated Ethanol; Alcohol Denatured

Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent

1. Definition Alcohol Denat:

Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Alcohol Denat:

When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.

- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.

- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.

Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Seed Oil:

Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the cucumber plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Cucumber Seed Oil is known for its moisturizing, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it ideal for use in cosmetics. It helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. The oil is also believed to have anti-aging benefits, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Seed Oil:

Cucumber Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, and facial oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. The oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare formulations.

Precautions: While Cucumber Seed Oil is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Khaksar, S., Bigdeli, M., & Pourmahmoudi, A. A. (2015). Cucumis sativus fruit-pulp extract enhances the immune function of C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 12(3), 247-254.

- Lin, L. T., Liu, L. T., & Chiang, L. C. (2011). In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytotherapy Research, 25(4), 514-519.

- Patel, K., & Patel, D. K. (2012). An updated review on Cucumis sativus. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(7), 1888-1895.

Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil:

Evening Primrose Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Evening Primrose plant (Oenothera Biennis). It is rich in essential fatty acids, including gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is known for its anti-inflammatory and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Evening Primrose Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its nourishing and hydrating benefits. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams to help improve skin texture, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, Evening Primrose Oil is also used in hair care products to help strengthen and condition the hair.

3. Usage Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil:

Evening Primrose Oil can be used topically on the skin and hair. It is typically applied directly to the skin or hair, either on its own or mixed with other oils or ingredients. When using Evening Primrose Oil, it is important to do a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using Evening Primrose Oil, especially for those with sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Cheon, M. S., Yoon, T., Lee, D. Y., Choi, G., Moon, B. C., & Chun, J. M. (2014). Evening primrose oil and fish oil in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 37(5), 634-643.

- Hajhashemi, V., & Vaseghi, G. (2018). Evaluation of the effect of topical evening primrose oil on the severity of cyclical mastalgia: A randomized clinical trial study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 38, 45-49.

- Senapati, S., & Dey, S. (2019). The potential of evening primrose oil in the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 15(6), 1192-1196.

Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract, also known as bilberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the bilberry plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and skin-brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, improve skin tone and texture, and promote a more youthful appearance.

3. Usage Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is typically found in serums, creams, and masks targeted towards addressing signs of aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin tone. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients to enhance its benefits.

Precautions: While Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the face or body to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse effects.

4. References:

- Kawaii S, Tomono Y, Katase E, et al. Antiproliferative activity of flavonoids on several cancer cell lines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1999;63(5):896-899.

- Martz F, Jaakola L, Julkunen-Tiitto R, et al. Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaves in Northern Europe following foliar development and along environmental gradients. J Chem Ecol. 2010;36(9):1017-1028.

- Kalt W, McDonald JE, Liu Y, et al. Anthocyanin metabolites are abundant and persistent in human urine. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(3):935-944.

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate

Function: Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent

1. Definition Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is a natural preservative derived from the fermentation of radish roots by the bacterium Leuconostoc kimchii. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives.

2. Use:

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeast, and mold. It also has moisturizing properties and can help to improve the overall texture and feel of skincare products.

3. Usage Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:

When using products containing Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and storage. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Alves, A., et al. (2016). Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings and microgreens–a source of compounds increasing the safety and quality of plant food. Food Chemistry, 213, 286-295.

- Clardy, J., et al. (2013). Leuconostoc kimchii sp. nov., a new species from kimchi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 63(5), 1960-1966.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Antimicrobial effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Science, 83(1), 180-186.

Carrageenan

Other name: Carrageenins; Carrageenans; Chondrus Crispus; Irish Moss; Carrageenan Gum; Carrageen moss

Function:

1. Definition Carrageenan:

Carrageenan is a natural ingredient derived from red seaweed, specifically from the Chondrus crispus species. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Carrageenan is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, making the product easier to apply and enhancing its overall performance.

3. Usage Carrageenan:

Carrageenan is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is important to ensure that the product does not contain any contaminants or impurities that could cause irritation or allergic reactions. Individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with carrageenan to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Cox, S., Abu-Ghannam, N., & Gupta, S. (2010). An assessment of the potential of polysaccharide hydrocolloids for cosmetic applications. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(5), 369-387.

- Pereira, L., Amado, A. M., Critchley, A. T., & van de Velde, F. (2009). Polysaccharides from seaweeds. In D. A. Thomas (Ed.), Seaweed in health and disease prevention (pp. 203-225). Academic Press.

- Ngo, D. H., Kim, S. K. (2013). Sulfated polysaccharides as bioactive agents from marine algae. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 62, 70-75.

Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Moisturising

1. Definition Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract:

Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the sugar cane plant. It is rich in glycolic acid, minerals, and vitamins, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Sugar Cane Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating properties. It helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve skin texture. Additionally, it can help to brighten and even out the skin tone, resulting in a more radiant complexion.

3. Usage Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract:

Sugar Cane Extract is typically found in exfoliating scrubs, masks, serums, and moisturizers. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging to avoid over-exfoliating the skin, which can lead to irritation and sensitivity. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase usage as needed.

Precautions: While Sugar Cane Extract is generally considered safe for most skin types, individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or redness. It is always a good idea to perform a patch test before using a product containing Sugar Cane Extract to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is important to use sunscreen when using products with exfoliating ingredients to protect the skin from sun damage.

4. References:

- Sharma, N., & Gupta, A. (2016). Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane): A comprehensive review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 10(19), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.194040

- Maia Campos, P. M. B. G., & Gianeti, M. D. (2015). Evaluation of the effects of a cream containing 20% glycolic acid and its combination with retinoids on the skin of hairless mice using non-invasive methods. Skin Research and Technology, 21(2), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12186

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: An overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(4), 327–348. https://doi.org/10.2147/ciia.2006.1.4.327

Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Preservative

1. Definition Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract:

Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the grapefruit tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can provide numerous benefits to the skin.

2. Use:

Grapefruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and brightening properties. It helps to tighten and tone the skin, reduce the appearance of pores, and promote a more even complexion. Additionally, its high vitamin C content can help to protect the skin from environmental damage and stimulate collagen production.

3. Usage Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract:

Grapefruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility. As with any skincare ingredient, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and dosage to avoid any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Lee, Y. M., Song, Y. J., & Park, C. S. (2013). Topical application of Citrus grandis peel extract inhibits cutaneous melanin synthesis in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 27(2), 237-241.

- Wu, J., & Lin, L. (2008). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from grapefruit peel. Food Chemistry, 108(3), 677-684.

- Choi, H. S., Kim, J. W., Cha, Y. N., Kim, C. (2006). Citrus grandis peel extract for skin aging: In vitro and in vivo study. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 126(6), 1641-1649.

Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil

Other name: Hippophae Rhamnoides Oil; Sea Buckthorn Oil; Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil

Function: Skin Protecting

1. Definition Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil, also known as sea buckthorn oil, is a natural oil extracted from the berries of the sea buckthorn plant. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as face creams, serums, oils, and masks. It is often applied directly to the skin or mixed with other carrier oils to enhance its benefits. It is important to perform a patch test before using this oil to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to preserve its potency.

4. References:

- Lee, J. S., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. J., Lee, J. K., & Kim, K. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Sea Buckthorn) on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264. 7 Cells. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(10), 1515-1523.

- Yang, B., & Kallio, H. (2002). Composition and physiological effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae) lipids. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 13(5), 160-167.

- Gupta, A., Kumar, R., & Pal, K. (2018). Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oil. In Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality (pp. 203-220). AOCS Press.

Glyceryl Stearate

Function: Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

Cetearyl Alcohol

Other name: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols

Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous

1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:

Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.

3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html

- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/

- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf

Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil

Function:

1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil:

Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the peel of lemons. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting citrus scent.

2. Use:

Lemon Peel Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and toning properties. It is often added to skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help improve the appearance of oily or acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil:

When using Lemon Peel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it can be irritating to the skin if used undiluted. It is recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any sensitivity or allergic reactions. Lemon Peel Oil should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation.

4. References:

- "Lemon Peel Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/lemon-peel-oil.

- "Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/citrus-limon-lemon-peel-oil.

- "Lemon Peel Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/lemon-peel-oil.

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil

Function: Fragrance, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil:

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil is an essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Lavandula angustifolia plant. It is known for its calming and soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.

2. Use:

Lavender oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic and therapeutic benefits. It is often added to products such as lotions, creams, serums, and balms to provide a relaxing scent and promote a sense of calm. Lavender oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it a valuable ingredient for treating skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and dryness.

3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil:

When using lavender oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any product containing lavender oil to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. Lavender oil should not be ingested and should be kept out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Other name: vitamin c; vit c; l-ascorbic acid

Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster

1. Definition Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):

Ascorbic Acid, also known as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect the skin from free radicals and UV damage, promote collagen production, and brighten the complexion.

2. Use:

Ascorbic Acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and sunscreens to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. Ascorbic Acid can also help to reduce hyperpigmentation, fade dark spots, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):

When using products containing Ascorbic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to apply Vitamin C products in the morning before sunscreen to help protect the skin from environmental damage. It is also important to store Vitamin C products in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain their effectiveness.

4. References:

- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143–146.

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.

Glyceryl Caprylate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.

3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.

Mg Stearate+

Function:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract:

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the sweet orange fruit. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Orange fruit extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks for its ability to improve skin tone and texture. It can help to reduce the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and signs of aging. Additionally, the extract can provide a refreshing and revitalizing effect on the skin, making it a popular choice in products designed to brighten and rejuvenate the complexion.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract:

When using products containing Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions or irritation. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase usage to assess how your skin responds. It is also advisable to use sunscreen during the day when using products with orange fruit extract, as it may increase sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Kim, J., et al. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 57, 225-232.

- Kaur, G., et al. (2014). Skin lightening and anti-aging effects of Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(4), 218-224.

- Ribeiro, A. S., et al. (2018). Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract as a natural antioxidant in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(4), 370-376.

Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract

Other name: Citrus Limon Fruit Extract

Function:

1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract:

Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the lemon tree. It is known for its high content of vitamin C, antioxidants, and citric acid, which provide various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Lemon fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its brightening and clarifying properties. It helps to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, the antioxidants in lemon extract can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract:

Lemon fruit extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and cleansers. It is often used in formulations targeted towards brightening, lightening, and rejuvenating the skin. When using products containing lemon extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., Kim, H. J., Lee, J., & Choi, J. H. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) extract. Food Chemistry, 202, 197-204.

- Kornsteiner, M., Wagner, K. H., & Elmadfa, I. (2006). Tocopherols and total phenolics in 10 different nut types. Food Chemistry, 98(2), 381-387.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143-146.

Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate

Other name: Sodium N-cocoyl-l-glutamate; Sodium N-cocoyl glutamate

Function: Surfactant, Cleansing

1. Definition Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate:

Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and fermented sugar. It is a natural ingredient that is used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate is commonly used in skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils. This ingredient is gentle on the skin and is suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate:

When using products containing Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, as it may cause irritation. If irritation occurs, rinse thoroughly with water and discontinue use. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- L. Caputo, A. Reguilon, S. Barba, M. M. Pérez, A. Giménez-Arnau, S. Giménez-Arnau. "Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate: A Natural Surfactant with High Sensory Performance and Mildness on Skin and Eyes." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2019, 22(4), 831-839.

- A. D. Lopes, J. A. M. Rosado, C. A. M. Lopes, M. H. G. A. Santana, M. C. N. P. de Melo. "Evaluation of the Biodegradability and Toxicity of Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2017, 20(6), 1383-1390.

- N. A. S. M. Almeida, A. M. B. de Oliveira, C. A. M. Lopes, M. H. G. A. Santana, M. C. N. P. de Melo. "Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate: A Sustainable Surfactant for Personal Care Products." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2018, 21(3), 541-548.

Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract

Function: Keratolytic

1. Definition Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract:

Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract is derived from the sap of the Sugar Maple tree, scientifically known as Acer Saccharum. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Sugar Maple Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, exfoliating, and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract:

Sugar Maple Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and exfoliants. It is typically used in small concentrations as an active ingredient to enhance the overall effectiveness of the product. When using products containing Sugar Maple Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Zhang, J., Wang, Z., & Hu, Y. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Acer saccharum L. extract. Journal of Functional Foods, 52, 415-423.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, D. S., & Kang, S. (2017). Anti-aging effects of Acer saccharum extract on human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(2), 160-166.

- Chen, Y., & Chen, J. (2016). Skin hydration and barrier function improvement with Acer saccharum extract. Journal of Dermatological Science, 83(3), 198-204.

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Linoleic Acid

Other name: Alpha-linolenic acid; Axit linoleic

Function: Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Sufactant

1. Definition Linoleic Acid:

Linoleic Acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that is essential for maintaining healthy skin. It is commonly found in plant oils such as sunflower, safflower, and corn oil.

2. Use:

Linoleic Acid is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to strengthen the skin's barrier function, improve hydration, and reduce redness and irritation. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and oils.

3. Usage Linoleic Acid:

When using skincare products containing Linoleic Acid, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to start with a lower concentration to avoid any potential irritation. It is best to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for the specific product you are using.

4. References:

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2005). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 27(6), 243-249.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Szymańska, E., Saczko, J., Michalak, I., & Wilk, K. A. (2019). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Selected Flavonoids on Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Aging. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019.

Linolenic Acid

Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Sufactant

1. Definition Linolenic Acid:

Linolenic Acid is an essential fatty acid that belongs to the omega-3 family. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to help maintain the skin's barrier function.

2. Use:

Linolenic Acid is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and improve overall skin health. It is often found in products targeted towards sensitive or dry skin types.

3. Usage Linolenic Acid:

When using skincare products containing Linolenic Acid, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with allergies to nuts or seeds should be cautious as Linolenic Acid is derived from sources such as flaxseed or hemp seed oil. It is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Linolenic Acid into your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Kaur, G., & Sinclair, A. J. (2007). Alpha-linolenic acid in skincare. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109(8), 657-664.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Garg, S., & Sangwan, A. (2018). Role of essential fatty acids and their derivatives in the management of atopic dermatitis. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 11(8), 14-19.