Full ingredients list True Botanicals Calm Pure Radiance Oil

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1		Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning, Abrasive)
1	A	Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil (Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Bad for oily skin
1	A	Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Squalane (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting)
1		Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oil	Promotes Wound Healing
1	A	Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Promotes Wound Healing Fungal Acne Trigger Good for oily skin
1	B	Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance)	Bad for sensitive skin
1	A	Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil (Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2		Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil	Promotes Wound Healing
1	A	Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Borago Officinalis (Borage) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower
1	A	Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning)	Fungal Acne Trigger
4 6	B	Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Peel Oil (Skin Conditioning)
1		Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil (Skin Conditioning)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent, Tonic)
1		Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Moisturising)
1	A	Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil	Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Cedarwood Bark Oil (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming)
1		Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Good for dry skin
1		Vaccinium Corymbosum (Blueberry) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning)
1		Haematococcus Pluvialis Powder (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)

Tocopherol

Other name: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

Function:

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Oil:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Oil is a natural oil extracted from sunflower seeds. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sunflower oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it soft and smooth. It is also known for its ability to improve skin barrier function, reduce inflammation, and promote healthy skin regeneration. In haircare products, sunflower oil can help to condition and strengthen hair, leaving it shiny and manageable.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Oil:

Sunflower oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, and serums to enhance their hydrating properties. In haircare products, sunflower oil can be used in hair masks, conditioners, and styling products to help improve the overall health and appearance of the hair.

Precautions: While sunflower oil is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is also important to store sunflower oil in a cool, dark place to prevent it from going rancid.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Meier, L., & Stange, R. (2019). Sunflower oil in skincare: a comprehensive review of its benefits. Cosmetics, 6(1), 16.

- Suleman, T., & Van Vuuren, S. (2015). An in vitro investigation of the antimicrobial properties of selected plant oils on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 12(1), 71-77.

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning, Abrasive

1. Definition Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract:

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the jojoba plant. It is known for its moisturizing and emollient properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and lip balms due to its lightweight texture and non-greasy feel. Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is also beneficial for hair care products, as it can help condition and strengthen the hair.

3. Usage Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract:

When using products containing Jojoba Seed Oil Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or used as an ingredient in DIY beauty recipes. Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to nuts or seeds should use caution.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." 7th Edition.

- Dweck, A. C. (2003). "The Jojoba Story." Personal Care Magazine, 4(1), 1-4.

- Meier, L., & Sticher, O. (2004). "Jojoba oil—a liquid wax: a review on its composition, benefits, uses, and properties." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 14(1), 1-6.

Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil

Other name: Avocado Oil; Persea Gratissima Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:

Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the avocado fruit. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Avocado oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a great ingredient for hydrating dry and damaged skin. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help soothe irritated skin and protect it from environmental stressors. In haircare products, avocado oil is used to condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:

Avocado oil can be used in various ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums for added hydration. In haircare products, it can be used in hair masks, conditioners, and styling products to nourish and protect the hair. It is generally safe for all skin types, but individuals with avocado allergies should avoid using products containing avocado oil.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- Lorraine Dallmeier. (2016). "A Comprehensive Guide to Essential Oils." CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

- R. Ranade, R. Nash, R. Dr. (2010). "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology." Informa Healthcare.

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the kernels of the Argan tree, native to Morocco. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Argan Kernel Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and masks to hydrate and soften the skin and hair. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

When using Argan Kernel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare or haircare products. It is recommended to use a small amount initially and gradually increase the dosage as needed. Avoid contact with eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Schmitt, L., Maranz, S., Akermi, M., & Delaveau, P. (2003). Effect of argan oil on platelet aggregation and bleeding time: a beneficial nutritional property. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 14(4), 220-225.

- Ait-Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., González-Ferrero, C., Aranda, C., Rota, C., Herrera, A., ... & Espina, L. (2011). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants. Journal of medical plants research, 5(23), 5728-5736.

- Khallouki, F., Younos, C., Soulimani, R., Oster, T., Charrouf, Z., & Spiegelhalder, B. (2003). Consumption of argan oil (Morocco) with its unique profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene, sterols and phenolic compounds should confer valuable cancer chemopreventive effects. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(1), 67-75.

Squalane

Other name: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting

1. Definition Squalane:

Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.

3. Usage Squalane:

Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.

Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oil

Function:

1. Definition Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oil:

Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the safflower plant. It is rich in linoleic acid, which is known for its moisturizing and skin-nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Safflower oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products due to its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and lotions, where it helps to improve skin texture and promote a healthy complexion. Safflower oil is also used in hair care products, as it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oil:

When using safflower oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. Safflower oil is generally considered safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to proceed with caution. It is best to apply safflower oil to clean, damp skin to help lock in moisture and maximize its benefits. Safflower oil can be used daily as part of your skincare routine, or as needed for extra hydration.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2016). Natural Oils for Skin-Barrier Repair: Ancient Compounds Now Backed by Modern Science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 17(3), 311-327.

- Amin, K. A., & Nagy, M. A. (2009). Effect of Carnitine and herbal mixture extract on obesity induced by high fat diet in rats. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 1(1), 17.

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil

Other name: Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil; Grape Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of grapes. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Grape seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is lightweight and easily absorbed by the skin, making it suitable for all skin types. The oil helps to hydrate the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect against environmental damage.

3. Usage Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil:

Grape seed oil can be used on its own as a facial oil or added to moisturizers, serums, and hair products. It can also be used as a carrier oil for essential oils. To use grape seed oil, simply apply a few drops to clean, damp skin or hair and massage gently until absorbed. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine.

Precautions: While grape seed oil is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product to check for any allergic reactions. People with grape allergies should avoid using grape seed oil. Additionally, it is important to store grape seed oil in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain its quality.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Meier, L., & Stange, R. (2008). The role of essential fatty acids in human health. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 47, S41-S44.

- Sivakumar, G., & Balamurugan, S. (2019). A review on grape seed oil. Journal of Critical Reviews, 6(1), 1-6.

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant through steam distillation. It is known for its invigorating and herbaceous aroma, as well as its various skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Rosemary Leaf Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and signs of aging. It also has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for acne-prone or irritated skin. Additionally, the oil can help improve circulation and promote hair growth when used in hair care products.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil:

Rosemary Leaf Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including skincare serums, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in small concentrations due to its potent nature, and it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing the oil to check for any potential allergic reactions. Pregnant women and individuals with certain medical conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before using products with Rosemary Leaf Oil.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential oil safety: A guide for health care professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: Rosemary. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 9(4), 413-418.

- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Handbook of essential oils: Science, technology, and applications. CRC Press.

Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil

Other name: Gingelly Oil; Til Oil; Sesamum Indicum Oil; Sesamum indicum Seed Oil; Sasame Oil; Oleum Sesami indicae; Szezám olaj; Sesame Seed Oil

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil:

Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the sesame plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Sesame Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. In hair care products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, promote hair growth, and reduce frizz.

3. Usage Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil:

Sesame Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and massage oils. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized formulations. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Ghoreishi MR. The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2003;14(3):153-157.

- Ahmad Z. The uses and properties of almond oil. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2010;16(1):10-12.

- Parveen A, Parveen B, Parveen R, Ahmad S. Medicinal and cosmetic uses of sesame: A review. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2014;6(3):677-681.

Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil:

Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the hemp plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce inflammation. It is also known for its ability to regulate oil production, making it suitable for all skin types, including oily and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil:

When using Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test the product first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most people, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to hemp should exercise caution. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase the usage if no adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Callaway, J., Schwab, U., Harvima, I., Halonen, P., Mykkänen, O., Hyvönen, P., & Järvinen, T. (2005). Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 16(2), 87-94.

- Del Río-Celestino, M., Ramírez-Boscá, A., Quiles, J. L., & Rivas-García, L. (2020). Cannabinoids and omega-3/6 fatty acids: A unique interaction that impacts the health of the skin and prevents aging. Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease, 3, 44-57.

- Leizer, C., Ribnicky, D., Poulev, A., Dushenkov, S., & Raskin, I. (2000). The composition of hemp seed oil and its potential as an important source of nutrition. Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional & Medical Foods, 2(4), 35-53.

Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil:

Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the pomegranate fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Pomegranate Seed Oil is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and moisturizing properties. It can help protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and promote a more youthful complexion. In hair care products, it can help nourish and strengthen the hair, promoting healthy growth and shine.

3. Usage Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil:

Pomegranate Seed Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, serums, and masks. In hair care products, it can be added to shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the product manufacturer.

4. References:

- Jurenka, J. S. (2008). Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Alternative medicine review, 13(2), 128-144.

- Aslam, M. N., Lansky, E. P., & Varani, J. (2006). Pomegranate as a cosmeceutical source: pomegranate fractions promote proliferation and procollagen synthesis and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(3), 311-318.

- Akhtar, N., Zaman, S. U., Khan, B. A., Amir, M. N., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., & Calixto, J. B. (2011). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) on EIA-induced rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(11), 2119-2125.

Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Seed Oil:

Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the raspberry fruit. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Raspberry Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Seed Oil:

Raspberry Seed Oil can be used in various skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and facial oils. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other oils or creams. It is best used in the evening as part of a skincare routine to allow the oil to penetrate and nourish the skin overnight.

Precautions: While Raspberry Seed Oil is generally safe for most people, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any allergic reactions. It is also important to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain its effectiveness.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Kamal, R., & El-Sayed, S. (2015). Evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rubus idaeus seed oil. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(8), 064-070.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143.

Borago Officinalis (Borage) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Borago Officinalis (Borage) Seed Oil:

Borago Officinalis (Borage) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the borage plant. It is known for its high content of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an essential fatty acid that is beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Borage Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is known to help improve the appearance of dry, damaged, or aging skin. The oil is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Borago Officinalis (Borage) Seed Oil:

Borage Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, and facial oils. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other oils or ingredients to create customized skincare formulations. It is important to perform a patch test before using Borage Seed Oil to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional before incorporating Borage Seed Oil into your routine.

4. References:

- Simopoulos, A. P. (1991). Omega-6 essential fatty acids: pathophysiology and roles in clinical medicine. The Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 10(5), 383-393.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Saeedi, M., Morteza-Semnani, K., Ghoreishi, M. R., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2013). The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 24(4), 260-264.

Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil

Other name: Brassica Abyssinica Oil; Abyssinian Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil:

Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the Crambe Abyssinica plant, which is native to the Mediterranean region. It is rich in fatty acids, particularly erucic acid, which provides moisturizing and conditioning properties to the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it suitable for dry and damaged skin types. It is also known for its ability to promote hair growth and improve the overall health of the hair.

3. Usage Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil:

Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil can be used in various cosmetic formulations such as creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products. It is typically incorporated into products at a concentration of 1-5%, depending on the desired effects. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other carrier oils for enhanced benefits.

Precautions: While Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. Individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to brassica plants should consult a dermatologist before using products containing this oil.

4. References:

- Aitzetmüller, K., & Matthäus, B. (2014). Lipids in Crambe abyssinica. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 116(12), 1660-1666.

- Da Porto, C., Decorti, D., & Natolino, A. (2012). Industrial crops: Crambe abyssinica Hochst. as a source of high added-value products. Industrial Crops and Products, 36(1), 80-87.

- Kaur, N., & Chugh, V. (2017). Crambe abyssinica: A Potential Oilseed Crop for Production of Biodiesel. In Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Oilseeds (pp. 123-147). Springer.

Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower

Function:

1. Definition Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower:

Calendula Officinalis, also known as Pot Marigold, is a plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is widely cultivated for its bright yellow or orange flowers.

2. Use:

Calendula Officinalis flowers are commonly used in cosmetics for their soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. They are rich in flavonoids, carotenoids, and essential oils, making them beneficial for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower:

Calendula Officinalis extract is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and balms to help calm and nourish the skin. It can be particularly helpful for conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and sunburn. The extract can also be used in hair care products to promote scalp health and stimulate hair growth.

Precautions: While Calendula Officinalis is generally safe for most people, individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed or daisies) should use caution when using products containing calendula. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). A review of calendula officinalis. Herbal Gram, 56, 40-47.

- Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, R. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula Officinalis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 20(1), 73-79.

- Pommier, P., Gomez, F., Sunyach, M. P., D'Hombres, A., & Carrie, C. (2004). Antioxidant properties of a Calendula Officinalis extract. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 25(1), 57-65.

Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil:

Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of pumpkins. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pumpkin Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and reduce inflammation and redness. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, promote hair growth, and soothe the scalp.

3. Usage Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil:

Pumpkin Seed Oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as facial oils, serums, moisturizers, hair masks, and shampoos. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized beauty products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. However, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Habib, E., & Daneshmandi, S. (2019). Pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo) enhances the response of macrophages to microbial challenges. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(1), e12773.

- Abd El-Ghany, M. A., & Fawzy, M. A. (2017). Effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oil on hair growth in male mice. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(4), e126-e132.

- Yildirim, N. C., & Akkol, E. K. (2018). Evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of Cucurbita pepo L. seed oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 220, 173-181.

Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil:

Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the cranberry fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Cranberry Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and promote a healthy complexion. The oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various beauty products.

3. Usage Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil:

Cranberry Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic formulations, including serums, lotions, creams, and hair masks. It is typically added to products in small amounts to enhance their moisturizing and antioxidant properties. The oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other carrier oils for a customized beauty treatment.

4. References:

- Pappas, A. (2009). Epidermal surface lipids. Dermato-endocrinology, 1(2), 72-76.

- Jarić, S., et al. (2018). An ethnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants on Suva planina mountain (south-eastern Serbia). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, 266-282.

- Suleimenov, E., et al. (2016). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil and oleoresins of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Industrial Crops and Products, 83, 783-789.

Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Peel Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Peel Oil:

Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the peel of the bitter orange fruit. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting citrus scent.

2. Use:

Bitter Orange Peel Oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its aromatic properties. It is often added to fragrances, lotions, creams, and soaps to provide a fresh and invigorating scent. Additionally, it is believed to have skin-brightening and toning properties, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and skin-brightening products.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Peel Oil:

Bitter Orange Peel Oil should be used in cosmetics and skincare products in accordance with recommended guidelines and concentrations. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this essential oil to check for any allergic reactions. Due to its phototoxicity, it is recommended to avoid sun exposure after applying products containing Bitter Orange Peel Oil to the skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (Ed.). (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2013). Essential oil safety: A guide for healthcare professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Lis-Balchin, M. (2006). Aromatherapy science: A guide for healthcare professionals. Pharmaceutical Press.

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil, also known as buriti oil, is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the Mauritia flexuosa palm tree, which is native to the Amazon rainforest. This oil is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil is commonly used in skincare products due to its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. Additionally, the high levels of beta-carotene in buriti oil can help to promote a healthy glow and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including facial oils, serums, moisturizers, and body lotions. It is typically added to formulations at a concentration of 1-5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing buriti oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, as with any skincare product, it is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Costa, R.M.R., Neves, L.M.G., & Silva, B.M. (2014). Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) as an oil phase in emulsions: Physical stability and rheological behavior. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 35(2), 283-290.

- De Almeida, C.L.F., Falé, P.L.V., & Serralheiro, M.L.M. (2012). Antioxidant activity of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(8), 2413-2419.

- Souza, M.C., Beserra, A.M., & Martins, V.E.P. (2019). Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) supplementation in the diet of Wistar rats increases the liver antioxidant capacity and protects against the toxicity of the herbicide paraquat. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(10), e12977.

Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent, Tonic

1. Definition Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil:

Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the root of the ginger plant. It is known for its warm, spicy, and invigorating aroma.

2. Use:

Ginger Root Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its various benefits. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products. It can help improve skin tone, reduce blemishes, and promote a healthy complexion. Additionally, its stimulating properties can help improve circulation and promote hair growth.

3. Usage Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Oil:

Ginger Root Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products. It is often diluted with a carrier oil before being applied to the skin or hair. It is important to perform a patch test before using Ginger Root Oil to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to avoid using it in high concentrations, as it can cause skin irritation in some individuals.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Blunden, G., Tanira, M., & Nemmar, A. (2008). Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review of recent research. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 409-420.

- Grzanna, R., Lindmark, L., & Frondoza, C. G. (2005). Ginger—an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8(2), 125-132.

- Park, M., Bae, J., & Lee, D. S. (2012). Antibacterial activity of [10]-gingerol and [12]-gingerol isolated from ginger rhizome against periodontal bacteria. Phytotherapy Research, 26(7), 1017-1020.

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Moisturising

1. Definition Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil:

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil, also known as chia seed oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the chia plant. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is also used in hair care products to promote healthy hair growth and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil:

When using Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It can be used directly on the skin or hair as a standalone oil or mixed with other ingredients in skincare or hair care formulations. It is best to store the oil in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation.

4. References:

- Coelho, S. (2018). Chia Seed Oil: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(10), 4004-4011.

- Gómez-Caravaca, A. M., Segura-Carretero, A., & Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. (2011). Chia Seed (Salvia Hispanica): An Ancient Grain and a New Functional Food. Food Reviews International, 27(4), 394-410.

- Ixtaina, V. Y., Nolasco, S. M., & Tomás, M. C. (2008). Physical properties of chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 28(3), 286-293.

Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil

Other name: Watermelon Seed Oil

Function:

1. Definition Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil:

Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil, also known as watermelon seed oil, is a lightweight and non-greasy oil extracted from the seeds of the Citrullus Lanatus fruit. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and antioxidant properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. In hair care products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, promote hair growth, and add shine.

3. Usage Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil:

Citrullus Lanatus Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including face creams, body lotions, serums, hair masks, and more. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent oil. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other carrier oils or ingredients to create customized beauty formulations.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun, Bryan Barron, The Original Beauty Bible: Skin Care Facts for Ageless Beauty, 2009.

- K. Shahidi, P. J. Wanasundara, Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Health Effects, 2001.

- R. S. Chavan, A. A. Chavan, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Cultivation and Uses, 2018.

Cedarwood Bark Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming

1. Definition Cedarwood Bark Oil:

Cedarwood Bark Oil is an essential oil derived from the bark of the cedarwood tree, specifically the Cedrus atlantica species. It is known for its warm, woody aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Cedarwood Bark Oil is often used in cosmetics for its astringent and antiseptic properties, making it beneficial for treating acne and other skin conditions. It is also known to help improve circulation and promote hair growth, making it a popular ingredient in hair care products.

3. Usage Cedarwood Bark Oil:

Cedarwood Bark Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including facial cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and hair care products. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid skin irritation. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Cedarwood Bark Oil to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Lawless, J. (2013). The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: The Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatic Oils in Aromatherapy, Herbalism, Health, and Well Being. Conari Press.

- Worwood, V. A. (2016). The Complete Book of Essential Oils and Aromatherapy: Over 800 Natural, Nontoxic, and Fragrant Recipes to Create Health, Beauty, and Safe Home and Work Environments. New World Library.

Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil:

Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of cucumbers. It is known for its high content of linoleic acid, vitamin E, and other antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Cucumber oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is often included in formulations for its ability to soothe and hydrate the skin, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. Cucumber oil is also known for its cooling and calming effects, making it a popular choice for products targeting puffiness, redness, and irritation.

3. Usage Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil:

Cucumber oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It can be used on its own as a facial oil or mixed with other oils to create customized skincare blends. When using cucumber oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is generally safe for most skin types but may cause irritation in some individuals, especially those with cucumber allergies.

4. References:

- Akhtar, N., Zaman, S. U., Khan, B. A., Amir, M. N., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., & Khan, H. M. S. (2011). Cucumis sativus: ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(1), 33-42.

- Alam, M. A., Subhan, N., Hossain, H., Hossain, M., Reza, H. M., & Rahman, M. M. (2015). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives: a potential class of natural compounds for the management of lipid metabolism and obesity. Nutrition & Metabolism, 12(1), 1-15.

- Mukherjee, P. K., Maity, N., Nema, N. K., & Sarkar, B. K. (2013). Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber. Fitoterapia, 84, 227-236.

Vaccinium Corymbosum (Blueberry) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Vaccinium Corymbosum (Blueberry) Seed Oil:

Vaccinium Corymbosum (Blueberry) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the blueberry fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Blueberry Seed Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent ingredient for hydrating and revitalizing the skin. It is often used in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Blueberry Seed Oil is also beneficial for soothing irritated or inflamed skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Vaccinium Corymbosum (Blueberry) Seed Oil:

Blueberry Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, facial oils, and lip balms. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients to enhance its benefits. When using Blueberry Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to preserve its potency and extend its shelf life.

4. References:

- Yoon WJ, Moon JY, Song G, Lee YK, Han MS, Lee JS, Jeong YJ, Lee NH, Hyun CG. Blueberry peel extracts inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and reduce high-fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69925. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069925.

- Wu X, Gu L, Prior RL, McKay S. Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of Ribes, Aronia, and Sambucus and their antioxidant capacity. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Nov 17;52(22):7846-56. doi: 10.1021/jf0486850.

- Zafra-Stone S, Yasmin T, Bagchi M, Chatterjee A, Vinson JA, Bagchi D. Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Jun;51(6):675-83. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700002.

Haematococcus Pluvialis Powder

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Haematococcus Pluvialis Powder:

Haematococcus Pluvialis Powder is a natural ingredient derived from the freshwater microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. It is known for its high content of astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and UV damage.

2. Use:

Haematococcus Pluvialis Powder is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-protecting properties. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, astaxanthin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory benefits, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Haematococcus Pluvialis Powder:

Haematococcus Pluvialis Powder can be found in various skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting anti-aging, skin brightening, and overall skin health. To incorporate Haematococcus Pluvialis Powder into your skincare routine, simply follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product to check for any potential skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Gammone MA, Riccioni G, D'Orazio N. Marine algae as attractive source to skin care. 2015; 9: 145-50.

- Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Astaxanthin in cardiovascular health and disease. 2012; 59(1): 10-21.

- Tominaga K, Hongo N, Karato M, Yamashita E. Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects. 2012; 26(6): 889-96.