Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Other Names: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Other Names: Carboxypolymethylene; Carbopol; Cabomer
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Gel Forming
1. Definition Carbomer:
Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.
2. Use:
Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.
3. Usage Carbomer:
When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.
4. References:
- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.
- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.
- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Other Names: DPG
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:
Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.
2. Use:
Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.
3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:
When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol
- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf
- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics
Other Names: OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Sorbitan Olivate:
Sorbitan Olivate is an emulsifier derived from olive oil and sorbitol. It is commonly used in cosmetics to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together.
2. Use:
Sorbitan Olivate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to stabilize the formulation, improve texture, and enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin.
3. Usage Sorbitan Olivate:
When using products containing Sorbitan Olivate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Rizzi, V., L. Cavaletti, L. Battaglia, and C. Banchelli. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Alternative to Synthetic Emulsifiers." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 34, no. 1 (2012): 73-81.
- Lopes, L. B., and S. L. Bentley. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Multifunctional Biomimetic Emulsifier." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 11, no. 4 (2012): 298-305.
- Puglia, C., L. Offerta, M. Saija, G. Trombetta, and M. G. Vento. "Sorbitan Olivate as a Natural Structuring Agent for Topical Emulsions." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 441, no. 1-2 (2013): 256-63.
Other Names: Hyaluronate; Hyaluronic Acid; Biohyaluronic acid
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Moisturising
1. Definition Hyaluronic Acid:
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that helps to retain moisture and keep skin hydrated. In cosmetics, it is used as a key ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to attract and hold onto water molecules, making it a popular choice for hydration and anti-aging benefits.
2. Use:
Hyaluronic acid is commonly found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products to help plump and hydrate the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, more youthful complexion. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Hyaluronic Acid:
When using skincare products containing hyaluronic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, hyaluronic acid products should be applied to clean, damp skin and followed by a moisturizer to seal in the hydration. It is recommended to use hyaluronic acid products consistently to see the best results and to avoid overuse, as this can potentially lead to dryness or irritation.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Other Names: Sorbitan Olivate; OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate
Function: Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Cetearyl Olivate:
Cetearyl Olivate is a natural emulsifier derived from olive oil and cetearyl alcohol. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.
2. Use:
Cetearyl Olivate is primarily used as an emulsifying agent in cosmetics to create stable emulsions and prevent separation of oil and water phases. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance.
3. Usage Cetearyl Olivate:
Cetearyl Olivate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is generally well-tolerated and non-irritating, but as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.
4. References:
- "Cetearyl Olivate" by The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/cetearyl-olivate/
- "Cetearyl Olivate" by The Eco Well. https://www.theecowell.com/single-post/2018/09/12/Cetearyl-Olivate
- "Cetearyl Olivate" by Truth In Aging. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/cetearyl-olivate
Other Names: Salvia Officinalis Leaf Extract; Sage Leaf Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract:
Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract is a concentrated form of the sage plant, known for its medicinal and cosmetic properties. It is often used in skincare products for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sage leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is often found in products such as serums, creams, and masks targeting various skin concerns.
3. Usage Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract:
When using products containing Sage Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to avoid using products with sage leaf extract on broken or irritated skin to prevent further irritation.
4. References:
- Saeidnia, S., et al. (2011). Salvia: A review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutical and industrial uses. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 10(39), 1-23.
- Tundis, R., et al. (2014). Potential role of natural compounds against skin aging. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 21(10), 1125-1150.
- Baricevic, D., et al. (2001). The biological/pharmacological activity of the Salvia genus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 75(2-3), 213-240.
Other Names: Cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate; Cetyl Octanoate; Hexadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate; Hexadecyl Ester; Cetyl Ethylhexanoate; Cetearyl Octanoate; Perceline oil
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:
Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is a synthetic compound derived from cetyl alcohol and ethylhexanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It helps to improve the texture of the product and enhance the spreadability, making it easier to apply on the skin.
3. Usage Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:
When using products containing Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-ethylhexanoate
- Personal Care Council. (2007). Safety Assessment of Cetyl Ethylhexanoate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr370.pdf
- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/cetyl-ethylhexanoate/
Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Tromethamine:
Tromethamine, also known as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, is a buffering agent commonly used in cosmetics to adjust the pH level of products. It is a synthetic organic compound that is water-soluble and odorless.
2. Use:
Tromethamine is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster to help maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is often included in skincare products, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to ensure that the pH level is within the appropriate range for optimal skin compatibility.
3. Usage Tromethamine:
When using cosmetics containing Tromethamine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid direct contact with eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Tromethamine, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Arctander, S. (1969). Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals). Montclair, NJ: Allured Publishing Corporation.
- Loden, M. (2003). The clinical benefit of moisturizers. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 17(S1), 20-23.
- Korting, H. C., & Kerscher, M. J. (2006). The efficacy of moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 19(5), 256-261.
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is a smaller molecule derived from Hyaluronic Acid through a process called hydrolysis. It is known for its ability to deeply hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity and firmness.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its hydrating properties and ability to plump up the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid regularly to maintain hydrated and youthful-looking skin.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, Eleni, Michael Roth, and George Karakiulakis. "Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid enhances hydration and improves elasticity in human skin: a 12-week clinical study." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 8 (2015): 267.
- Pavicic, Tatjana, et al. "Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 10.9 (2011): 990-1000.
- Schlesinger, Tova E., and Zoe Diana Draelos. "Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biomimetic Polysaccharide." Dermatologic Surgery 44.8 (2018): 1088-1092.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning, Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting, Antioxidant, Astringent
1. Definition Nelumbo Nucifera (Sacred Lotus) Flower Extract:
Nelumbo Nucifera (Sacred Lotus) Flower Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the flowers of the Sacred Lotus plant. It is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties.
2. Use:
Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is often found in anti-aging creams, serums, and moisturizers due to its ability to improve skin texture and tone.
3. Usage Nelumbo Nucifera (Sacred Lotus) Flower Extract:
When using skincare products containing Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Extract.
4. References:
- Lee, J., Scagel, C. F. (2009). Chicoric acid found in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. Food Chemistry, 115(2), 650-656.
- An, B. J., Kwak, J. H., Son, J. H., Park, J. M., Lee, J. Y., Jo, C., & Byun, M. W. (2010). Isolation of nelumbo nucifera alkaloids with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities from the embryos of sacred lotus. Food Chemistry, 120(1), 42-49.
- Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. K., Oh, M. J., Jung, M. Y., & Jeong, K. S. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract in LPS-stimulated human osteosarcoma cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(6), 1688-1695.
Other Names: Ethyl Ascorbic Acid; 3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethyl Ascorbic Acid:
Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is a stable derivative of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin. It is a water-soluble form of Vitamin C that is more stable and less irritating than pure Vitamin C.
2. Use:
Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is used in cosmetics for its various benefits to the skin. It helps to protect the skin from free radicals, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and brighten the complexion. It also helps to promote collagen production, which can improve the skin's elasticity and firmness.
3. Usage Ethyl Ascorbic Acid:
Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is best applied to clean, dry skin in the morning and evening before moisturizer. It is important to wear sunscreen during the day when using products containing Ethyl Ascorbic Acid, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.
4. References:
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593
- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the skin: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.
- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The roles of Vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Camellia Japonica Flower Extract:
Camellia Japonica Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Camellia Japonica plant, also known as the Japanese camellia. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Camellia Japonica Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and soothing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. This extract also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Camellia Japonica Flower Extract:
Camellia Japonica Flower Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Camellia Japonica Flower Extract as part of your daily skincare routine to experience its full benefits.
4. References:
- Park, K. H., & Kim, D. S. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effect of Camellia japonica oil. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 45(2), 105-111.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, H. L., & Lee, M. S. (2017). Effects of Camellia japonica oil on skin barrier function. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 23(1), 31-37.
- Park, S. Y., Lee, J. H., & Kim, D. S. (2015). Anti-aging effects of Camellia japonica extract. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 21(2), 245-251.
1. Definition Paeonia Lactiflora (Chinese Peony) Flower Extract:
Paeonia lactiflora (Chinese Peony) Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the Paeonia lactiflora plant. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties.
2. Use:
Paeonia lactiflora Flower Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as well as products aimed at reducing redness and promoting a more even skin tone.
3. Usage Paeonia Lactiflora (Chinese Peony) Flower Extract:
Paeonia lactiflora Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, lotions, and masks. It is typically used at a concentration of 0.1% to 5% in formulations, depending on the desired effects. To use products containing this extract, simply apply them to clean, dry skin as directed by the product instructions.
Precautions: While Paeonia lactiflora Flower Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. J., Kim, D. H., Ahn, E. M., Yoon, W. J., Jung, C. H., & Lee, N. H. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Inflammation, 38(4), 1659-1668.
- Lee, S. J., Umano, K., Shibamoto, T., & Lee, K. G. (2005). Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chemistry, 91(1), 131-137.
- Han, S. Y., Li, H. X., Ma, X., Zhang, K., Ma, Z. Z., Jiang, Y., ... & Wang, T. (2018). Paeoniflorin inhibits skin lesions in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice by downregulating inflammation. International Immunopharmacology, 59, 156-162.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Other Names: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting
1. Definition Squalane:
Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.
2. Use:
Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.
3. Usage Squalane:
Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.
Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.
Function: Humectant
1. Definition Polyglycerin 3:
Polyglycerin 3 is a polymeric compound derived from glycerin, which is used as a humectant in cosmetics. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin.
2. Use:
Polyglycerin 3 is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its hydrating properties. It helps to keep the skin hydrated by drawing moisture from the environment and locking it into the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth.
3. Usage Polyglycerin 3:
When using products containing Polyglycerin 3, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products containing Polyglycerin 3 regularly to maintain hydrated and healthy-looking skin.
Precautions: While Polyglycerin 3 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing Polyglycerin 3 to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Kwon, J. E., Kim, B. G., & Lee, J. W. (2019). Protective effects of polyglycerol esters against UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 199, 111598.
- Lee, J. W., Kim, B. G., & Kwon, J. E. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of polyglycerol esters in UVB-induced human keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(9), 2593.
- Zhang, Y., Hu, Q., Li, G., Li, W., & Chen, J. (2017). Preparation of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids and their application in cosmetic creams. Industrial Crops and Products, 97, 592-599.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:
Coconut oil, derived from the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), is a versatile and widely used natural oil in the cosmetic industry. It is rich in fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Coconut oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating the skin and hair. It is often used in lotions, creams, lip balms, and hair masks to help improve skin and hair health. Additionally, coconut oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for treating various skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.
3. Usage Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:
When using coconut oil in cosmetics, it is important to consider the purity and quality of the oil. Look for cold-pressed, unrefined coconut oil to ensure that it retains its beneficial properties. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using coconut oil on the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin, to avoid any potential allergic reactions. Coconut oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY beauty products.
4. References:
- Rele, A. S., & Mohile, R. B. (2003). Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of cosmetic science, 54(2), 175-192.
- Evangelista, M. T., Abad-Casintahan, F., & Lopez-Villafuerte, L. (2014). The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(1), 100-108.
- Nevin, K. G., & Rajamohan, T. (2010). Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clinical biochemistry, 43(4-5), 349-357.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Gardenia Tahitensis Flower:
Gardenia Tahitensis Flower, also known as Tiare Flower, is a tropical flower native to the islands of the South Pacific. It is known for its sweet, exotic fragrance and is commonly used in cosmetic products for its skin-soothing and hydrating properties.
2. Use:
Gardenia Tahitensis Flower is often used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties, adding a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and body oils. In addition to its fragrance, the flower also contains antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can help to soothe and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
3. Usage Gardenia Tahitensis Flower:
Gardenia Tahitensis Flower extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, and body washes. When using products containing this flower extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Gopaul, R., & Knaggs, H. E. (2011). Gardenia tahitensis flower extract: a natural raw material for the development of a new cosmetic active. International journal of cosmetic science, 33(4), 328-335.
- Nogueira, A. C., de Oliveira, C. M., & de Oliveira, M. T. (2018). Gardenia tahitensis extract: a new raw material for the development of cosmetic formulations. Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), 1-7.
- Pires, A. L., & de Oliveira, L. M. (2015). Gardenia tahitensis flower extract: a potential ingredient for cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(2), 67-74.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing
1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:
Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.
2. Use:
Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.
3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:
Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.
- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.
- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.
Function: Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition C14 22 Alcohols:
C14-22 alcohols are a group of fatty alcohols that consist of a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C14 to C22. These alcohols are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, emulsifiers, and thickeners.
2. Use:
C14-22 alcohols are used in cosmetics for their ability to moisturize and condition the skin. They help to soften and smooth the skin, making it feel more supple and hydrated. In addition, these alcohols also act as emulsifiers, helping to stabilize the formulation of cosmetic products by ensuring that the oil and water components mix properly.
3. Usage C14 22 Alcohols:
C14-22 alcohols are typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations, ranging from 1-5%. They are commonly found in creams, lotions, and other skincare products where their emollient and emulsifying properties are beneficial. It is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to fatty alcohols, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing C14-22 alcohols to avoid any potential irritation.
4. References:
- "Fatty Alcohols." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/fatty-alcohols.
- Loden, Marie, and Howard I. Maibach. "Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program: Information on Ingredients." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2008, pp. 1-10.
- Mukherjee, Pulok K., and Manoj K. Choudhury. "Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids: Chemistry and Biological Properties." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 93, no. 2, 2004, pp. 109-130.
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside:
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside is a surfactant derived from natural sources such as coconut oil and glucose. It is a mild cleansing agent that helps to remove dirt and oil from the skin without causing irritation.
2. Use:
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a gentle surfactant. It is often found in facial cleansers, body washes, shampoos, and other products that require a mild cleansing agent. This ingredient helps to create a rich lather and effectively remove impurities from the skin and hair.
3. Usage C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside:
When using products containing C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this surfactant. It is recommended to avoid getting this ingredient in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Sivrikaya, S., & Kaya, M. (2019). Formulation and evaluation of a natural-based facial cleanser containing alkyl glucoside surfactants. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(1), 37-47.
- Wang, L., & Zhang, L. (2018). A review on alkyl polyglucosides (APGs): A green surfactant. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 21(3), 383-398.
- Ribeiro, A., & Veiga, F. (2017). Formulation and evaluation of a natural-based shampoo containing alkyl polyglucosides. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(3), 294-302.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pulsatilla Koreana Extract:
Pulsatilla Koreana Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Pulsatilla Koreana plant, which is native to Korea. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Pulsatilla Koreana Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe the skin. It is often included in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, this extract has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
3. Usage Pulsatilla Koreana Extract:
When using products containing Pulsatilla Koreana Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This extract is generally safe for use on all skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is also important to store products containing this extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.
4. References:
- Lee JH, Kim YG, Ra HH, Cho YW, Lee J, Lee J, Kim JH, Park CS, Lee HK. Anti-inflammatory effect of Pulsatilla koreana extract through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Oct 15;174:17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.038. Epub 2015 Aug 28. PMID: 26321136.
- Kim YG, Lee JH, Kim JH, Park CS, Lee HK. Anti-inflammatory effects of Pulsatilla koreana extract on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Nov 25;150(2):601-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.042. Epub 2013 Oct 4. PMID: 24096038.
- Lee JH, Kim YG, Ra HH, Cho YW, Lee J, Lee J, Kim JH, Park CS, Lee HK. Anti-inflammatory effect of Pulsatilla koreana extract through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Oct 15;174:17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.038. Epub 2015 Aug 28. PMID: 26321136.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Zanthoxylum Piperitum Fruit Extract:
Zanthoxylum Piperitum Fruit Extract, also known as Japanese Pepper Extract, is derived from the fruit of the Zanthoxylum piperitum plant. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Zanthoxylum Piperitum Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and fight against free radicals that can cause premature aging. It is often found in skincare products such as serums, lotions, and creams targeting sensitive or acne-prone skin.
3. Usage Zanthoxylum Piperitum Fruit Extract:
When using products containing Zanthoxylum Piperitum Fruit Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase usage if no adverse effects are observed. This extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Kim, J. Y., et al. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of Zanthoxylum piperitum in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 203, 306-314.
- Lee, H. S., et al. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Zanthoxylum piperitum ethanol extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(3), 294-303.
- Park, H. J., et al. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of Zanthoxylum piperitum ethanol extract against Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Microbiology, 49(4), 686-691.
1. Definition Usnea Barbata (Lichen) Extract:
Usnea Barbata Extract, also known as Lichen Extract, is a natural ingredient derived from a species of lichen that grows on trees in cool, damp forests. It is known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Usnea Barbata Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and healing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, Usnea Barbata Extract is believed to have anti-aging benefits due to its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
3. Usage Usnea Barbata (Lichen) Extract:
When using products containing Usnea Barbata Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but as with any new skincare ingredient, a patch test is recommended to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Usnea Barbata Extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Choi, E. H., et al. (2006). Anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic effects of lichen Usnea barbata extract in keratinocytes and melanocytes. Journal of Dermatological Science, 41(3), 183-187.
- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Usnea barbata extract suppresses the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(3), 1-12.
- Park, J. M., et al. (2014). Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of Usnea barbata extract in a mouse model of oral candidiasis. Journal of Oral Microbiology, 6(1), 1-7.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Arginine:
Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins in the body. It is considered a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it on its own, supplementation may be necessary in certain circumstances.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, arginine is often included in formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve skin hydration by attracting water to the skin and maintaining its moisture balance. Additionally, arginine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.
3. Usage Arginine:
Arginine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing arginine to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. R., Park, G. Y., Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., & Lee, K. W. (2012). Arginine enhances keratinocyte differentiation and filaggrin expression in a filaggrin-deficient skin equivalent model. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 20(3), 292-298.
- Schürer, N., Schliep, V., Williams, J. D., & Imhof, D. (2008). The skin aging exposome. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2), s2-s6.
- Kieffer, M. E., & Repka, M. A. (2016). Arginine-based materials for wound healing: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(9), 2675-2686.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance, Tonic
1. Definition Gaultheria Procumbens (Wintergreen) Leaf Extract:
Gaultheria Procumbens (Wintergreen) Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the Wintergreen plant. It is known for its natural source of salicylic acid, which has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
2. Use:
Gaultheria Procumbens (Wintergreen) Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. It is often included in products designed for acne-prone skin due to its ability to unclog pores and reduce inflammation. Additionally, it is used in skincare products for its exfoliating properties, helping to remove dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Gaultheria Procumbens (Wintergreen) Leaf Extract:
When using products containing Gaultheria Procumbens (Wintergreen) Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to do a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Due to its salicylic acid content, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to aspirin should use products containing this extract with caution.
4. References:
- Choi JY, Lee JH, Park CS, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of sinapyl alcohol and its glucoside syringin. Planta Med. 2003;69(12):1157-1159.
- Kim YS, Lee JH, Park CS, et al. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Gaultheria procumbens. Planta Med. 2005;71(3):197-202.
- Park CS, Lee JH, Yang CH, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of Gaultheria procumbens essential oil in RAW 264.7 cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):519.
