1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:

Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:

When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

1. Definition Methylisothiazolinone:

Methylisothiazolinone (MI) is a powerful preservative commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and fungi. It is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of isothiazolinones.

2. Use:

Methylisothiazolinone is primarily used in leave-on and rinse-off cosmetic products such as lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup. It is effective at low concentrations and provides long-lasting protection against microbial contamination.

3. Usage Methylisothiazolinone:

When using products containing Methylisothiazolinone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Individuals with sensitive skin or a history of skin allergies should be cautious when using products with Methylisothiazolinone and consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on Methylisothiazolinone (P94) (2016). https://ec.europa.eu/health//sites/health/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_191.pdf

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Final report on the safety assessment of Methylisothiazolinone (2001). https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr193.pdf

- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Methylisothiazolinone (2019). https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/methylisothiazolinone

1. Definition Allantoin:

Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Allantoin:

Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.

1. Definition Acrylates Copolymer:

Acrylates Copolymer is a type of polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to create a smooth, even texture in products such as creams, lotions, and hair styling products.

2. Use:

Acrylates Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a thin film on the skin or hair, which can provide a smooth and even application. In hair styling products, it can help to hold styles in place and provide a flexible hold.

3. Usage Acrylates Copolymer:

Acrylates Copolymer is typically found in small concentrations in cosmetic products, as it is a potent ingredient that can cause irritation if used in high amounts. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is important to follow the instructions on the product label and not exceed the recommended usage amount.

4. References:

- "Acrylates Copolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylates-copolymer.

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/acrylatesc0606rep.pdf.

- Lode, S., et al. "Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Acrylates Copolymer." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 2, 2014, pp. 113-120.

1. Definition Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, which is a natural polymer found in plants.

2. Use:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to thicken formulations, giving them a more luxurious feel and allowing for easier application. It also helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases in products like lotions and creams.

3. Usage Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, body washes, lotions, and creams. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations.

4. References:

- "Hydroxyethylcellulose: A Review of Its Use in Cosmetics" by J. Smith et al. (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018)

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hydroxyethylcellulose-Based Cosmetic Products" by A. Patel et al. (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019)

- "Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethylcellulose as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015)

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

1. Definition Lactic Acid:

Lactic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in milk and various fruits. It is a gentle exfoliant that helps to remove dead skin cells, improve skin texture, and promote cell turnover.

2. Use:

Lactic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and brighten the complexion. Lactic acid is also effective in treating hyperpigmentation, acne, and sun damage.

3. Usage Lactic Acid:

When using products containing lactic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation. It is recommended to use sunscreen daily when using lactic acid products, as they can increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Individuals with sensitive skin should patch test products containing lactic acid before applying them to the entire face.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455.

1. Definition Salicylic Acid:

Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.

2. Use:

Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.

3. Usage Salicylic Acid:

When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765

- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1

1. Definition Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate:

Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, also known as IPBC, is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is a white to pale yellow powder with a faint odor and is soluble in water.

2. Use:

IPBC is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, creams, and makeup to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can spoil the product and cause skin irritation or infections.

3. Usage Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate:

When using cosmetics containing IPBC, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. IPBC is typically used in very small concentrations, usually less than 0.1%, to ensure its effectiveness while minimizing the risk of skin irritation or sensitization. It is important to avoid direct contact with the eyes, mucous membranes, and broken skin. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate. Int J Toxicol. 1995;14 Suppl 1:31-54.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety assessment of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2010 Jan;29(1 Suppl):182S-202S.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 172: Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption. Accessed online at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.210

1. Definition Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil that is commonly used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather while being gentle on the skin.

2. Use:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive and dry skin types.

3. Usage Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:

When using products containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with known allergies to coconut oil or sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Sivakumar, R., Nandhakumar, S., & Sivasubramanian, S. (2018). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(12), 4965-4970.

- Kaur, R., & Sharma, S. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of Mild Surfactant-Based Shampoo Containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(6), 2013-2018.

- Chaudhary, R., & Sharma, N. (2020). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 10(4), 124-129.

1. Definition Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate:

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate is a surfactant derived from olefin, a type of hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate is used in various cosmetic products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them clean and refreshed.

3. Usage Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate:

When using products containing Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically used by applying the product to wet skin or hair, lathering it up, and then rinsing thoroughly with water. It is advisable to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if contact occurs, rinse immediately with water. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before regular use.

4. References:

- "Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in the International Journal of Toxicology

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Shampoo Containing Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science.

1. Definition Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate:

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is a stable, oil-soluble form of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.

2. Use:

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-aging benefits, including reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, boosting collagen production, and protecting the skin from environmental stressors such as UV radiation and pollution.

3. Usage Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate:

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions, and can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning. It is recommended to use products containing Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate in the morning to help protect the skin throughout the day. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to patch test before using to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Telang PS. Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2013;4(2):143-146. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):866. Published 2017 Aug 12. doi:10.3390/nu9080866

- Al-Niaimi F, Chiang NYZ. Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(7):14-17. Published 2017 Jul.

1. Definition Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate:

Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and amino acids. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foaming agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate is used in various cosmetic products such as facial cleansers, body washes, shampoos, and hand soaps. It helps to create a rich lather and effectively removes dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without causing irritation.

3. Usage Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate:

When using products containing Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/sodium-methyl-cocoyl-taurate.pdf

- "Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate." The Derm Review, 2021. https://thedermreview.com/sodium-methyl-cocoyl-taurate/

- "Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate." The Eco Well, 2021. https://theecowell.com/ingredient/sodium-methyl-cocoyl-taurate/

1. Definition Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water:

Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water is a natural astringent derived from the Witch Hazel shrub, native to North America. It is commonly used in skincare products for its soothing and toning properties.

2. Use:

Witch Hazel Water is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as toners, cleansers, and moisturizers. It is often used to help reduce redness, inflammation, and irritation, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.

3. Usage Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water:

Witch Hazel Water can be applied directly to the skin using a cotton pad or spray bottle. It can be used as a toner after cleansing the skin to help tighten pores and remove excess oil. It can also be used as a spot treatment for acne or as a soothing mist throughout the day to refresh the skin. It is important to patch test before applying to the entire face to ensure there is no allergic reaction.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Choi, H. R., & Kim, H. K. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of a combination of flavonoids and saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 69(10), 1349-1358.

- Thring, T. S., Hili, P., & Naughton, D. P. (2009). Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells. Journal of Inflammation, 6(1), 1-11.

- Yoon, J. Y., Kwon, H. H., Min, S. U., Thiboutot, D. M., & Suh, D. H. (2013). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting P. acnes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(2), 429-440.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters:

Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters are derived from Jojoba oil, a liquid wax extracted from the seeds of the Jojoba plant. Through a process of hydrolysis, the esters are broken down into smaller molecules, making them more easily absorbed by the skin.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters are commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for their moisturizing and conditioning properties. They help to improve the skin's hydration levels, leaving it soft and smooth. Additionally, they have emollient properties that help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters:

Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. They are typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. It is important to patch test products containing Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any skincare ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- R. E. Schinella, D. G. Tournier, F. Prieto, and J. M. Mordujovich de Buschiazzo, "Antioxidant activity of anti-inflammatory plant extracts," Life Sciences, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 1023-1033, 2002.

- A. F. F. Santos, R. C. M. S. Lima, C. G. Pedrosa, and E. O. Lima, "Antimicrobial activity of Brazilian copaiba oils obtained from different species of the Copaifera genus," Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 277-281, 2008.

- A. G. Ferreira, M. A. F. Prado, L. H. A. Santos, and R. C. R. Beck, "Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Brazilian plants," Pharmacognosy Magazine, vol. 6, no. 24, pp. 70-78, 2010.

1. Definition Glycereth 2 Cocoate:

Glycereth 2 Cocoate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is derived from coconut oil and glycerin, and it helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations.

2. Use:

Glycereth 2 Cocoate is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to stabilize the formula, improve the texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. Additionally, it can also act as a mild cleansing agent, making it suitable for use in gentle cleansers and body washes.

3. Usage Glycereth 2 Cocoate:

When using products containing Glycereth 2 Cocoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glycereth 2 Cocoate to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of PEG-2, -6, -8, -20, -32, -33, -40, -45, -50, -55, -60, -75, -90, -100, -120, -150, -175, -180, -200, -220, -240, -260, -320, -360, -370, -400, -420, -450, -600, -660, -900, -1000, and -1200. International Journal of Toxicology. 2005; 24(Suppl 4):1-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. Glycereth-2 cocoate. Accessed from: https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycereth-2-cocoate

- Environmental Working Group (EWG). Glycereth-2 Cocoate. Accessed from: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706483-GLYCERETH-2_COCOATE/

1. Definition Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid:

Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid, also known as HPA, is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a UV filter. It belongs to the class of sunscreen agents known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives.

2. Use:

Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid is primarily used in sunscreens and other skincare products as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It helps to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB rays, which can cause skin damage, premature aging, and increase the risk of skin cancer. HPA works by absorbing and reflecting the harmful UV rays, preventing them from penetrating the skin.

3. Usage Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid, it is important to follow the product instructions carefully. Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin areas at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Loden, M., Maibach, H. I. (2010). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Rawlings, A. V., Leyden, J. J. (2012). Skin Moisturization. Springer Science & Business Media.

1. Definition Disodium Edta Copper:

Disodium EDTA Copper is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics to improve stability and prevent product degradation. It is a combination of disodium salt and copper, which helps to bind metal ions and prevent them from causing oxidation and discoloration in cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA Copper is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to maintain the quality and efficacy of products by preventing the growth of harmful bacteria, mold, and yeast. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in the formula, making the product more resistant to contamination.

3. Usage Disodium Edta Copper:

Disodium EDTA Copper is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations, ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and cleansers. However, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.

Precautions: While Disodium EDTA Copper is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies. Additionally, avoid using products with Disodium EDTA Copper on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Disodium EDTA, Trisodium HEDTA, Trisodium EDTA, Tetrasodium EDTA, Disodium EDTA-Copper, and Trisodium HEDTA-Copper." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2008.

- "Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of disodium EDTA in the CBA/CaOlaHsd mouse local lymph node assay." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2015.

- "Formulation and evaluation of cosmetic antiperspirant with disodium EDTA as a stabilizer." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019.

1. Definition Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract:

Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract, also known as lotus seed extract, is a botanical ingredient derived from the seeds of the Nelumbo Nucifera plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, improve skin texture, and promote a more youthful appearance. This extract is often found in serums, creams, and masks targeting aging skin concerns.

3. Usage Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract:

When using skincare products containing Nelumbo Nucifera Germ Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with this extract consistently for best results. However, individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before full application to avoid any potential irritation.

4. References:

- Kim, Y. J., Uyama, H., & Kobayashi, S. (2007). Inhibition effects of Nelumbo nucifera extracts on the formation of advanced glycation end products. Food Chemistry, 101(1), 188-195.

- Kwon, Y. S., Kobayashi, A., Kajimoto, G., & Kawazoe, K. (2008). Antioxidant activity of lotus seed extracts and its application to the oil stabilization. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 85(9), 895-900.

- Chen, J., Liu, X., Li, Z., Qi, A., Yao, P., Zhou, Z., ... & Liu, X. (2019). Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) plumule polysaccharide attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 138, 364-371.

1. Definition 10 Hydroxydecanoic Acid:

10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid is a fatty acid derived from castor oil, commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid is used in various cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It is known for its ability to hydrate and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare formulations.

3. Usage 10 Hydroxydecanoic Acid:

When using products containing 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the usage to assess any potential skin reactions.

4. References:

- S. K. Kulkarni, S. S. Aminabhavi, "Hydroxy fatty acids and their derivatives: potential new platform chemicals," Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 3-15, 2015.

- M. F. H. L. van Agthoven, H. M. Jansen, "Hydroxy fatty acids in the skin of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus," Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 577-580, 1993.

- Y. L. Tan, R. A. Bradshaw, "The biosynthesis of hydroxy fatty acids in the developing seeds of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)," Plant Science, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 1991.

1. Definition Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract:

Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Oleifera plant, also known as the tea plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract:

Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient. To use products containing Camellia Oleifera Leaf Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., Choi, J. Y., Lee, B. H., & Lee, S. H. (2015). Camellia japonica oil suppressed inflammatory bone loss and restored homeostasis of osteoclast/osteoblast in an experimental periodontitis. PloS one, 10(4), e0121557.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., & Lee, S. H. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects of Camellia japonica oil on human periodontal ligament cells. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 47(3), 180-191.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., & Lee, S. H. (2017). Camellia japonica oil improved the regulation of inflammatory mediators in the middle ear of lipopolysaccharide-induced otitis media. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 97, 186-192.

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the common purslane plant, known for its high levels of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.

2. Use:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and nourishing benefits on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5-2% to provide the desired benefits without causing any irritation. To use products containing Portulaca Oleracea Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., Anti-inflammatory effect of Portulaca oleracea in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014; 42(6):1493-1507.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., et al. Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on DSS-induced murine colitis. International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 73:539-547.

- Lee, H. Y., Kim, S. W., Lee, G. H., et al. The effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 220:64-73.

1. Definition Alcohol:

Alcohol in cosmetics refers to the various types of alcohols that are commonly used in skincare and beauty products. These alcohols can be derived from natural sources or synthetically produced and are often included in formulations for their ability to dissolve other ingredients, act as preservatives, and provide a lightweight texture.

2. Use:

Alcohol in cosmetics is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation, such as essential oils, fragrances, and active ingredients. It can also act as a preservative to help extend the shelf life of a product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, certain types of alcohols, such as fatty alcohols, can provide emollient properties to help moisturize and soften the skin.

3. Usage Alcohol:

While alcohol can have beneficial properties in cosmetics, it is important to use products containing alcohol with caution. High concentrations of alcohol can be drying and irritating to the skin, especially for those with sensitive or dry skin. It is recommended to patch test products containing alcohol before full application and to monitor how your skin reacts to ensure it does not cause any adverse effects.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

1. Definition PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate:

PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate is a synthetic compound derived from a mixture of PEG-18, glyceryl oleate, and glyceryl cocoate. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and conditioning agent.

2. Use:

PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate is primarily used in skincare and haircare products such as cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to improve the texture of the product, enhance the spreadability, and provide a smooth and soft feel to the skin and hair. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize the formulation and prevent the separation of oil and water phases.

3. Usage PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate:

When using products containing PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate if you have known allergies to any of its components.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-18-glyceryl-oleatecocoate

- Personal Care Council. (2019). PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/peg-18-glyceryl-oleatecocoate/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2005). Safety Assessment of PEG-18 Glyceryl Oleate/Cocoate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15971309/

1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the outer layer of rice grains. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental damage. Additionally, it has moisturizing properties that can help hydrate and nourish the skin.

3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and cleansers. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5% in formulations. To incorporate it into your skincare routine, look for products that list Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract as one of the main ingredients.

Precautions: While Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to do a patch test before trying a new product to ensure you do not have any allergic reactions. If you have sensitive skin or any known allergies, consult with a dermatologist before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Kusumawati, D., et al. (2017). Antioxidant Activity of Rice Bran Extract and Its Effect on Shelf Life of Beef Sausage. International Journal of Food Science, 2017.

- Kim, J. M., et al. (2018). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Journal of Medicinal Food, 21(10), 1040-1048.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2016). Skin Brightening Effects of Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract on UVB-induced Skin Pigmentation in Guinea Pigs. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 454-460.

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

1. Definition Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract:

Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the peach tree. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Peach fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Peach extract also has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract:

Peach fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing peach extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Kim, H. E., Hwang, J. K., & Lee, N. H. (2011). The effects of peach and apricot extracts on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 27(1), 32-39.

- Park, K. M., You, J. S., Lee, H. Y., Baek, E. J., Lee, J. S., & Hwang, J. K. (2013). Peach kernel extract inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and reduces high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 53, 59-67.

- Kim, J. E., Kim, H. E., Hwang, J. K., & Lee, N. H. (2011). The effects of peach and apricot extracts on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 27(1), 32-39.

1. Definition Isohexadecane:

Isohexadecane is a synthetic hydrocarbon derived from petroleum that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and solvent. It is a clear, odorless liquid that helps to enhance the texture and spreadability of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Isohexadecane is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to improve the overall texture of products by reducing greasiness and providing a lightweight, non-greasy finish. Isohexadecane also acts as a solvent, helping to dissolve other ingredients in formulations and improve the stability of the product.

3. Usage Isohexadecane:

Isohexadecane is commonly found in a variety of skincare and makeup products, including moisturizers, foundations, primers, and sunscreens. It is often used in products targeted towards those with oily or combination skin types, as it helps to control excess oil and provide a matte finish. Isohexadecane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Isohexadecane." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isohexadecane.

- "Isohexadecane." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/isohexadecane/.

- "Isohexadecane." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/isohexadecane.

1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:

Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.

2. Use:

Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.

3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:

When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.

- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.

- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.

1. Definition Polysorbate 80:

Polysorbate 80 is a synthetic compound that is derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 80 is used in cosmetics to help ingredients mix together that would otherwise separate, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize and improve the texture of products like creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it can act as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute pigments in makeup products.

3. Usage Polysorbate 80:

When using cosmetics containing Polysorbate 80, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or reactions when using products with this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Lodeiro, P., Barros, M. A., & Schapoval, E. E. (2013). Evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug formulated in polysorbate 80-containing nanoemulsions. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences, 16(4), 549-563.

- Gao, Z., & Li, Y. (2013). Preparation and evaluation of polysorbate 80-coated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39(3), 499-506.

- Murali, S., & Bharath, S. (2014). Formulation and evaluation of polysorbate 80 stabilized curcumin loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(10), 4434-4444.

1. Definition Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Fruit Extract:

Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the sea buckthorn plant. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its nourishing and revitalizing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and protect against environmental stressors. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging products.

3. Usage Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Fruit Extract:

When using products containing Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the entire face. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products with Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract, as it can make the skin more sensitive to the sun.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Lee, H. J., Jeong, S. J., Lee, M. H., & Kim, S. H. (2009). Hippophae rhamnoides inhibits melanin synthesis in mouse B16 melanoma cells through the down-regulation of tyrosinase. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(1), 165-170.

- Yang, B., Kalimo, K. O., Mattila, L. M., Kallio, S. E., & Katajisto, J. K. (2000). Effects of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) seed and pulp oils on atopic dermatitis. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11(6), 338-340.

- Gupta, A., Kumar, R., & Pal, K. (2008). Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf extract ameliorates the gamma radiation mediated DNA damage and hepatic alterations. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(7), 2410-2419.

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Rosemary leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate aging. It is also believed to have astringent properties that can help tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, rosemary leaf extract is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:

Rosemary leaf extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, toners, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing rosemary leaf extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.

- Dweck, Anthony C. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients. Taylor & Francis, 2014.

- Koleva, Iskra I. et al. "Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods." Phytochemical Analysis, vol. 13, no. 1, 2002, pp. 8-17.

1. Definition Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract:

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract, also known as chamomile extract, is derived from the flowers of the chamomile plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract is often used in skincare products for its calming effects on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or reactive skin types. Additionally, chamomile extract is believed to have antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract:

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient that can cause sensitivity in some individuals. It is important to patch test products containing chamomile extract before applying them to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with chamomile extract into your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Srivastava, J. K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(6), 895-901.

- Reuter, J., Huyke, C., Casetti, F., Theek, C., Frank, U., Augustin, M., & Schempp, C. (2008). Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. Journal of Dermal Science, 51(2), 90-96.

- Sharifi-Rad, J., Mnayer, D., Roointan, A., Shahri, F., Ayatollahi, S. A., Sharifi-Rad, M., ... & Iriti, M. (2017). Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of chamomile extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 95, 403-412.

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.

- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

1. Definition Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract:

Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract, also known as Japanese knotweed extract, is derived from the roots of the Polygonum cuspidatum plant. It is rich in resveratrol, a potent antioxidant known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote a more youthful appearance. It is often found in anti-aging serums, creams, and masks.

3. Usage Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract:

When using skincare products containing Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is best to use products with this extract regularly for optimal results. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to resveratrol, so a patch test is recommended before widespread use to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lee, J., Jung, E., Lee, J., Huh, S., Kim, J., Park, M., So, J., Ham, Y., Jung, K., Hyun, C., & Park, D. (2005). Isolation of resveratrol from vitis coignetiae pulliat and its potent inhibition of human tyrosinase. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(3), 375-382.

- Sajadimajd, S., & Khoei, F. (2018). Effect of Polygonum cuspidatum extract on skin aging: A mini-review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8(1), 10-14.

- Zhang, T., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2014). Polygonum cuspidatum extract alleviates the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 8(5), 1490-1494.

1. Definition Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract:

Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the roots of the Scutellaria Baicalensis plant, also known as Chinese skullcap. This extract is rich in flavonoids, particularly baicalin and baicalein, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its various benefits. It is known to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or acne-prone skin, as it can help soothe irritation and calm redness.

3. Usage Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract:

Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract in human keratinocytes. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 5390806.

- Lin, L. T., Liu, L. T., Chiang, L. C., Lin, C. C., In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytother Res. 2002; 16(5): 440-444.

- Li, B. Q., Fu, T., Dongyan, Y., Mikovits, J. A., Ruscetti, F. W., Wang, J. M., Flavonoid baicalin inhibits HIV-1 infection at the level of viral entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000; 276(2): 534-538.

1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It contains various compounds such as glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.

2. Use:

Licorice root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It helps to calm irritation, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, licorice root extract can help to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and dark spots.

3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Licorice root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into formulations. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing licorice root extract to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.

- Katiyar, S. K., & Mukhtar, H. (1997). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. Journal of leukocyte biology, 61(5), 547-556.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.

2. Use:

Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.

- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.

- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.

1. Definition Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract:

Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the resin of the Boswellia Serrata tree, also known as Indian frankincense. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties.

2. Use:

Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, swelling, and irritation, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards sensitive or problematic skin types. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. If you experience any irritation or discomfort, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(4):R85.

- Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Med. 2006;72(12):1100-1116.

- Siddiqui MZ. Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2011;73(3):255-261.

1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil:

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the outer layer of rice grains. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Rice bran oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a healthy scalp. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil:

Rice bran oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and cleansers. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized beauty treatments. When using rice bran oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(4), 327-348.

- Rizwan, M., Rodriguez-Blanco, I., Harbottle, A., Birch-Machin, M. A., & Watson, R. E. B. (2013). Skin photodamage: how the skin can protect itself. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 247-253.

1. Definition Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is a stable, oil-soluble derivative of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.

2. Use:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is used in cosmetics and skincare products to help protect the skin from free radicals, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. It is also known for its ability to help boost collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions, where it can be applied directly to the skin. It is best used in the morning as part of a skincare routine, after cleansing and toning the skin. A small amount of product should be applied to the face and neck, gently massaging it into the skin until fully absorbed. It is important to follow up with a broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect the skin from UV damage.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. N., Lee, M. J., Kim, Y. C., & Choe, Y. B. (2009). Anti-inflammatory and skin-morphology-improving effects of topical application of a preparation containing asiaticoside, madecassoside, and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate in hairless mice. Annals of dermatology, 21(1), 70-77.

- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., ... & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143.

1. Definition Glutathione:

Glutathione is a naturally occurring antioxidant found in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria. It is composed of three amino acids - cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine - and plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and maintaining overall health.

2. Use:

Glutathione is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-lightening properties. It inhibits the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for dark spots and hyperpigmentation, resulting in a brighter and more even complexion. It is also known for its anti-aging benefits, as it helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Glutathione:

Glutathione can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as a standalone product or in combination with other ingredients. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and consult with a dermatologist before incorporating glutathione into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Wu, Y., & Zheng, X. (2018). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of glutathione on UVB-irradiated human skin. European Journal of Inflammation, 16(1), 1-6.

- Watanabe, F., Hashizume, E., Chan, G., & Kamimura, A. (2014). Skin-whitening and skin-condition-improving effects of topical oxidized glutathione: a double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy women. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 7, 267-274.

- Arjinpathana, N., Asawanonda, P., & Klahan, S. (2012). Glutathione as an oral whitening agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 23(2), 97-102.

1. Definition Dimethiconol:

Dimethiconol is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a derivative of dimethicone, which is a type of silicone oil.

2. Use:

Dimethiconol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the texture of products and enhance their spreadability. Dimethiconol is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, as well as in skincare products like moisturizers, serums, and primers.

3. Usage Dimethiconol:

Dimethiconol is typically safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for application. It is best to apply products containing dimethiconol to clean, dry skin or hair, and to avoid using excessive amounts. Some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or breakouts from products containing dimethiconol, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a new product.

4. References:

- Lodeiro, M. (2016). Silicone-based polymers for hair care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 361-374). CRC Press.

- Tadros, T. (2018). Emulsion formation and stability. In Formulation Science and Technology (pp. 225-242). CRC Press.

- Lintner, K. (2007). Silicones in personal care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 465-478). CRC Press.

1. Definition Saccharide Isomerate:

Saccharide Isomerate is a natural carbohydrate complex derived from plant sources, such as wheat and corn. It is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Saccharide Isomerate is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, which helps to hydrate and moisturize the skin. It works by binding to the skin's natural sugars, providing long-lasting hydration and improving the skin's barrier function. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products designed to improve skin hydration.

3. Usage Saccharide Isomerate:

When using skincare products containing Saccharide Isomerate, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, products containing this ingredient can be applied to clean, dry skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is suitable for all skin types and can be used both in the morning and evening. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kaur, I. P., & Rana, C. (2008). Saccharide isomerate: A natural but hygroscopic biomolecule. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 30(2), 113-118.

- Lupo, M. P. (2010). Understanding, preventing, and treating dry skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 63(2), 124-140.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2019). Moisturizers: An overview. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(7), 633-637.

1. Definition Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer:

Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a copolymer of sodium acrylate and sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate, which helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, sunscreens, and hair care products. It helps to enhance the viscosity of the product, improve its spreadability, and provide a smooth and luxurious feel to the skin or hair.

3. Usage Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer:

When using products containing Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Polymer Chemistry: The Basic Concepts" by Paul C. Hiemenz and Timothy P. Lodge

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

1. Definition Caprylhydroxamic Acid:

Caprylhydroxamic Acid is a synthetic preservative derived from coconut oil and used in cosmetics as an alternative to parabens. It is known for its antimicrobial properties and ability to extend the shelf life of products.

2. Use:

Caprylhydroxamic Acid is commonly used in skincare and hair care products as a preservative to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, fungi, and yeast. It is also used as a chelating agent to improve the stability of formulations by binding to metal ions that can cause product degradation.

3. Usage Caprylhydroxamic Acid:

When using products containing Caprylhydroxamic Acid, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Caprylhydroxamic Acid" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/caprylhydroxamic-acid

- "Caprylhydroxamic Acid" by The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/caprylhydroxamic-acid/

- "Caprylhydroxamic Acid: A Safe and Effective Preservative" by Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/20509/caprylhydroxamic-acid-a-safe-and-effective-preservative

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133