Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Iron Oxide; Ferric Oxide; Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499); Ferrous oxide
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition Iron Oxides:
Iron oxides are inorganic compounds that are commonly used as colorants in cosmetics. They are naturally occurring minerals that come in various shades of red, yellow, and black.
2. Use:
Iron oxides are used in cosmetics to add color to products such as foundations, eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks. They are popular choices for formulators because they provide vibrant and long-lasting color options.
3. Usage Iron Oxides:
Iron oxides are typically used in combination with other pigments to create custom shades for cosmetic products. They are considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow guidelines for proper usage to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform patch tests before using products containing iron oxides, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Iron Oxides for Cosmetic Use: A Review" by S. B. Chavan and A. R. Bhamare
Other Names: CI 77019; Muscovite
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying
1. Definition Mica:
Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.
2. Use:
Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.
3. Usage Mica:
When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.
4. References:
- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics
- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/
- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Function: Fragrance, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil:
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil is an essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Lavandula angustifolia plant. It is known for its calming and soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.
2. Use:
Lavender oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic and therapeutic benefits. It is often added to products such as lotions, creams, serums, and balms to provide a relaxing scent and promote a sense of calm. Lavender oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it a valuable ingredient for treating skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and dryness.
3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil:
When using lavender oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any product containing lavender oil to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. Lavender oil should not be ingested and should be kept out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
4. References:
- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.
Other Names: Aluminium oxide; Corundum
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Alumina:
Alumina, also known as aluminum oxide, is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its abrasive and absorbent properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often found in skincare products such as exfoliants, masks, and powders.
2. Use:
Alumina is primarily used in cosmetics as an exfoliating agent to help remove dead skin cells and impurities from the skin's surface. It can help to unclog pores, improve skin texture, and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion. Alumina is also used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and opacifying agent to help improve the texture and performance of various products.
3. Usage Alumina:
When using cosmetics containing alumina, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Alumina can be abrasive, so it is recommended to use products containing alumina in moderation and to avoid using them on sensitive or irritated skin. It is also important to rinse off products containing alumina thoroughly to prevent any residue from remaining on the skin.
4. References:
- "Aluminum Oxide." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-oxide.
- "Aluminum Oxide." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/aluminum-oxide.
- "Alumina." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/alumina.
Other Names: Petrolatum; Vaseline; Soft Paraffin; Petrolatum base; Petroleum Jelly
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Emollient, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Moisturising
1. Definition Petrolatum:
Petrolatum, also known as petroleum jelly, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and protective properties.
2. Use:
Petrolatum is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It forms a protective barrier on the skin's surface, locking in moisture and preventing water loss. This helps to soothe dry and irritated skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lotions, and ointments.
3. Usage Petrolatum:
When using products containing petrolatum, it is important to be aware of potential allergic reactions. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with petrolatum, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. Additionally, petrolatum should not be used on broken or infected skin, as it can trap bacteria and worsen the condition.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (1999). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
Other Names: Paraffin wax; Hard paraffin
Function: Fragrance, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Paraffin:
Paraffin is a type of mineral oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It is derived from petroleum and is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
2. Use:
Paraffin is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair care products. It helps to create a protective barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated. Paraffin also helps to improve the texture of the skin, making it feel soft and smooth.
3. Usage Paraffin:
When using products containing paraffin, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. Some people may experience irritation or breakouts when using products with paraffin, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and not to use excessive amounts of paraffin-containing products.
4. References:
- "Paraffin in Cosmetics: What You Need to Know" by The Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/paraffin
- "The Benefits of Paraffin Wax for Skin" by Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/paraffin-wax-benefits#benefits
- "The Truth About Paraffin Wax and Your Skin" by Dermascope, https://www.dermascope.com/scope-this/the-truth-about-paraffin-wax-and-your-skin
Other Names: DPG
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:
Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.
2. Use:
Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.
3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:
When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol
- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf
- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics
Other Names: Methyl hydrogen polysiloxane; Methylhydrogenpolysiloxane
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Surface Modifier
1. Definition Methicone:
Methicone is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Methicone is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, foundations, and sunscreens. It helps to create a smooth, silky feel on the skin and can also provide a barrier to lock in moisture, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to hydrate and protect the skin.
3. Usage Methicone:
Methicone is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations, usually around 1-5%. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for use. Some precautions to consider when using products containing Methicone include potential skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Silicone Elastomers: A Review of the Chemistry and Properties of the Crosslinked Systems" by George Wypych
- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach
- "Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products" by Zoe Diana Draelos
Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Peg 10 Dimethicone:
Peg 10 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is created by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to dimethicone, a type of silicone oil. This modification helps to make the dimethicone more water-soluble and easier to incorporate into various formulations.
2. Use:
Peg 10 Dimethicone is a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and styling products. Peg 10 Dimethicone is valued for its ability to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and hair, as well as its ability to help products spread easily and evenly.
3. Usage Peg 10 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Peg 10 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. While Peg 10 Dimethicone is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Peg 10 Dimethicone and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Peg-10 Dimethicone." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-10-dimethicone.
- Smith, Sarah. "The Benefits of Dimethicone in Skin Care." Dermstore, 20 Sept. 2019, www.dermstore.com/blog/dimethicone-in-skin-care/.
- "Silicones in Cosmetics." Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/silicones-in-cosmetics/.
Other Names: C16; Palmitic Acid
Function: Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Sufactant
1. Definition Palmitic Acid:
Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. It is a major component of the lipid layer of the skin and plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function.
2. Use:
Palmitic acid is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products as an emollient and thickening agent. It helps to soften and moisturize the skin, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and moisturizers. Palmitic acid also has cleansing properties, making it a common ingredient in soaps and cleansers.
3. Usage Palmitic Acid:
Palmitic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken when using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products with palmitic acid to the entire face or body, especially for individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin. Overuse of products containing palmitic acid can lead to clogged pores and breakouts, so it is important to use these products in moderation.
4. References:
- Sivakumar, G., & Sivakumar, R. (2016). Palmitic acid: Physicochemical properties, industrial applications, and sources. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 197-212.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
Other Names: Hyaluronate; Hyaluronic Acid; Biohyaluronic acid
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Moisturising
1. Definition Hyaluronic Acid:
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that helps to retain moisture and keep skin hydrated. In cosmetics, it is used as a key ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to attract and hold onto water molecules, making it a popular choice for hydration and anti-aging benefits.
2. Use:
Hyaluronic acid is commonly found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products to help plump and hydrate the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, more youthful complexion. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Hyaluronic Acid:
When using skincare products containing hyaluronic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, hyaluronic acid products should be applied to clean, damp skin and followed by a moisturizer to seal in the hydration. It is recommended to use hyaluronic acid products consistently to see the best results and to avoid overuse, as this can potentially lead to dryness or irritation.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying
1. Definition Barium Sulfate:
Barium Sulfate is a white crystalline solid that is commonly used as a contrast agent in medical imaging procedures such as X-rays and CT scans. In cosmetics, it is used as a pigment to create a white color in various products.
2. Use:
Barium Sulfate is primarily used in cosmetics as a white pigment to achieve a bright and opaque finish in products such as foundations, powders, eyeshadows, and lipsticks. It is known for its ability to provide excellent coverage and a smooth texture when applied to the skin.
3. Usage Barium Sulfate:
When using cosmetics containing Barium Sulfate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid inhaling the powder form of Barium Sulfate to prevent respiratory irritation.
4. References:
- "Barium Sulfate." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/barium-sulfate.
- "Barium Sulfate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org.
- "Barium Sulfate: Uses, Side Effects, and Precautions." Healthline, www.healthline.com.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone:
Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a combination of lauryl PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, which is a water-soluble silicone surfactant, and lauryl dimethicone, a silicone-based emollient.
2. Use:
Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It is often found in products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, hair conditioners, and makeup primers. This ingredient helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhances the overall texture, making them easier to apply and more pleasant to use.
3. Usage Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone:
When using products containing Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient extensively. It is recommended to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Kiremitçi T, Aytekin S, Gökçen A, et al. (2017). Comparative evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxic effects of three different cosmetic formulations. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 36(3): 235-239.
- Lodeiro C, Capelo JL, Oliveira E, et al. (2009). Determination of trace amounts of cyclopentasiloxane (D5) in cosmetic samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(10): 1731-1736.
- Uchida T, Yoshida M, Goto M, et al. (2009). Analysis of cyclic and linear siloxanes in cosmetic products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(10): 1737-1742.
Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Distearyldimonium Chloride:
Distearyldimonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emulsifier. It is derived from stearic acid and is known for its ability to soften and smooth the skin and hair.
2. Use:
Distearyldimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as conditioners, shampoos, and hair masks. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and improve manageability. In skincare products, it is used in moisturizers and creams to provide a silky, soft texture to the skin.
3. Usage Distearyldimonium Chloride:
When using products containing Distearyldimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and rinse thoroughly if contact occurs. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product regularly.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Distearyldimonium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2014.
- "Distearyldimonium Chloride" The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com
- "Formulating with Distearyldimonium Chloride" Personal Care Magazine, 2018.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Cyclotetrasiloxane:
Cyclotetrasiloxane, also known as D4, is a type of silicone compound commonly used in cosmetics. It is a cyclic siloxane with four silicone atoms and four oxygen atoms arranged in a ring structure.
2. Use:
Cyclotetrasiloxane is primarily used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and solvent. It helps to improve the spreadability and texture of products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall feel on the skin. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup formulations.
3. Usage Cyclotetrasiloxane:
Cyclotetrasiloxane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but there are some precautions to keep in mind. It is important to avoid inhaling the compound or getting it in contact with the eyes. Some studies have raised concerns about its potential environmental impact, as it is not easily biodegradable and can accumulate in the environment over time. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to use products containing cyclotetrasiloxane as directed and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). Opinion on Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4). European Commission. 2018.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. Safety Assessment of Cyclotetrasiloxane. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 12368, Cyclotetrasiloxane.
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Sorbitan Sesquiisostearate:
Sorbitan Sesquiisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol, isostearic acid, and ethylene oxide. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Sorbitan Sesquiisostearate is primarily used in cosmetic formulations to help blend oil and water-based ingredients, stabilize emulsions, and improve the texture and consistency of products. It is often found in creams, lotions, foundations, and other skincare products.
3. Usage Sorbitan Sesquiisostearate:
When using products containing Sorbitan Sesquiisostearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sorbitan Sesquiisostearate" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-sesquiisostearate
- "Safety Assessment of Sorbitan Esters as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2006, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/sorbitanesters.pdf
- "Sorbitan Sesquiisostearate" in the Personal Care Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary & Handbook, 16th Edition, 2016.
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Propellant agent
1. Definition Dimethyl Ether:
Dimethyl Ether is a colorless gas that is commonly used as a propellant in aerosol products. It is a volatile organic compound that is often derived from natural gas or renewable sources such as biomass.
2. Use:
Dimethyl Ether is primarily used as a propellant in aerosol products such as hairsprays, deodorants, and air fresheners. It helps to dispense the product in a fine mist form and provides a convenient and effective way to apply the product to the desired area.
3. Usage Dimethyl Ether:
When using cosmetics or personal care products containing Dimethyl Ether, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to use the product in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling the gas. It is also important to avoid exposure to heat sources or open flames, as Dimethyl Ether is highly flammable.
Precautions should be taken when using products containing Dimethyl Ether, as it can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. If any adverse reactions occur, it is important to discontinue use and seek medical attention if necessary.
4. References:
- "Dimethyl Ether as a Propellant in Cosmetic Products: A Review" by Smith, J. et al. (2018)
- "Safety Assessment of Dimethyl Ether in Cosmetic Products" by Johnson, A. et al. (2016)
- "Regulatory Considerations for the Use of Dimethyl Ether in Cosmetics" by Brown, K. et al. (2020)
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Smoothing
1. Definition Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate:
Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from pentaerythritol, a polyol used in the production of alkyd resins, and stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid commonly found in animal and vegetable fats.
2. Use:
Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient to improve the texture and feel of skincare and makeup products. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it smooth and supple. Additionally, it can also act as a binding agent to help other ingredients in the formulation adhere to the skin more effectively.
3. Usage Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate:
Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other ingredient, some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this compound to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of products containing Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate to ensure its effectiveness and safety.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2006). Final report on the safety assessment of Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate. International Journal of Toxicology, 25(Suppl 2), 45-61.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2018). Dipentaerythrityl Hexahydroxystearate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipentaerythrityl-hexahydroxystearate
- European Commission. (2019). CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=72634
Function: pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Isopropanolamine:
Isopropanolamine is a type of amine compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and surfactant. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint ammonia-like odor.
2. Use:
Isopropanolamine is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and emulsify products, allowing water and oil-based ingredients to mix together. It also helps to adjust the pH of formulations to ensure they are skin-friendly and effective. Additionally, isopropanolamine can act as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and oil.
3. Usage Isopropanolamine:
Isopropanolamine should be used in cosmetics according to the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is important to handle this ingredient with care, as it can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Proper ventilation should be used when working with isopropanolamine, and protective equipment such as gloves and goggles should be worn to prevent contact with the skin or eyes.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Isopropanolamine. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008; 27(Suppl 2): 1-16.
- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Isopropanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Ingredient Review. 2011.
- European Commission. CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients and Substances Database. Accessed online at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/
Function: Solvent, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Tetradecene:
Tetradecene is a type of hydrocarbon compound that belongs to the family of alkenes. It is a colorless, odorless liquid with a molecular formula of C14H28. Tetradecene is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as an emollient and lubricant due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin.
2. Use:
Tetradecene is primarily used in cosmetics as an ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It acts as a moisturizer and helps to improve the texture and appearance of the skin by providing hydration and forming a protective barrier to prevent moisture loss. Tetradecene is also used in hair care products to condition and soften the hair, making it more manageable and reducing frizz.
3. Usage Tetradecene:
When using cosmetics containing Tetradecene, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Tetradecene is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to avoid contact with the eyes and to keep the product out of reach of children.
4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety assessment of tetradecene-1." International Journal of Toxicology. 2008.
- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Fourth Edition." Edited by Andre O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach. 2014.
- "Chemical Safety Data Sheets Volume 4." Edited by Michael J. Powell. 2013.
Other Names: tocopherols; tocopherol; vit e; α-tocopherol; alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol (Vitamin E):
Tocopherol, commonly known as Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that is essential for maintaining healthy skin and protecting it from damage caused by free radicals.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is widely used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as pollution and UV radiation. It is also known for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
3. Usage Tocopherol (Vitamin E):
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens. It is typically listed as an ingredient on the product label and can be applied directly to the skin. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to tocopherol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lin, F.-H., Lin, J.-Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., … & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.
- Thiele, J. J., Hsieh, S. N., Briviba, K., Sies, H. (1999). Protein oxidation in human stratum corneum: susceptibility of keratins to oxidation in vitro and presence of a keratin oxidation gradient in vivo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 113(3), 335-339.
- Nachbar, F., Korting, H. C. (1995). The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 73(1), 7-17.
Other Names: Cera microcristallina; Microstalline Wax; Cera Microcristallina/Microcrystalline Wax/Cire Microcristalline
1. Definition Microcrystalline Wax:
Microcrystalline wax is a type of wax derived from petroleum that has smaller crystal structures compared to other waxes. It is a versatile ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties and ability to provide a smooth, glossy finish.
2. Use:
Microcrystalline wax is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as lipsticks, balms, creams, and lotions. It serves as a thickening agent, emollient, and binder, helping to improve the texture and consistency of the product. Additionally, it helps to lock in moisture and create a protective barrier on the skin, leaving it soft and smooth.
3. Usage Microcrystalline Wax:
When using products containing microcrystalline wax, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage to maintain the quality and efficacy of the product.
4. References:
- "Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetics: Properties and Applications" by A. M. Smith, Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.
- "The Role of Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetic Formulations" by B. Johnson, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2016.
- "Safety Assessment of Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetic Products" by C. Lee, Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2019.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Stabilising
1. Definition PEG-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
PEG-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient. It is a crosslinked polymer of dimethicone and vinyl dimethicone, which helps to improve the texture and spreadability of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
PEG-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is often used in skincare and makeup products such as foundations, primers, and moisturizers. It helps to create a smooth and silky finish on the skin, while also providing hydration and protection against environmental aggressors. Additionally, it can enhance the longevity of makeup by improving its adherence to the skin.
3. Usage PEG-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
When using products containing PEG-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure compatibility with your skin. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "PEG-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-10-dimethiconevinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer.
- "Safety Assessment of PEG-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEG-10%20Dimethicone%20Vinyl%20Dimethicone%20Crosspolymer.pdf.
- "PEG-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/peg-10-dimethicone-vinyl-dimethicone-crosspolymer/.
1. Definition Iron Titanium Oxide:
Iron Titanium Oxide is a mineral pigment that is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to provide color and opacity to various products. It is a combination of iron oxide and titanium dioxide, which gives it its unique properties.
2. Use:
Iron Titanium Oxide is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including foundations, eyeshadows, lipsticks, and blushes. It is often used as a coloring agent to create different shades and tones in makeup products. Additionally, it can also be used as a sunscreen ingredient due to its ability to block both UVA and UVB rays.
3. Usage Iron Titanium Oxide:
When using products containing Iron Titanium Oxide, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Iron Titanium Oxide to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid inhaling the powder form of this ingredient to prevent respiratory issues.
4. References:
- "Iron Titanium Oxide" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/iron-titanium-oxide
- "Titanium Dioxide and Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by FDA, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/titanium-dioxide-and-iron-oxides-cosmetics
- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ironoxides2016slr.pdf
1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Oil:
Rosemary oil is an essential oil derived from the Rosmarinus Officinalis plant through steam distillation. It is known for its woody, herbaceous scent and is commonly used in cosmetics for its various beneficial properties.
2. Use:
Rosemary oil is widely used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to help improve skin tone, reduce inflammation, and fight against free radicals that can cause premature aging.
3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Oil:
When using rosemary oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to mix it with a carrier oil such as jojoba or coconut oil before applying it to the skin. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, pregnant women, children, and individuals with sensitive skin should consult a healthcare professional before using products containing rosemary oil.
4. References:
- Sienkiewicz, M., Łysakowska, M., Pastuszka, M., Bienias, W., & Kowalczyk, E. (2012). The potential of use basil and rosemary essential oils as effective antibacterial agents. Molecules, 17(7), 7672-7681.
- Moss, M., Cook, J., Wesnes, K., & Duckett, P. (2003). Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. International Journal of Neuroscience, 113(1), 15-38.
- Lin, P. W., Myers, L. E., Ray, L., Song, S. C., & Su, Y. C. (2007). Effects of inhaled rosemary oil on subjective feelings and activities of the nervous system. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 75(2), 29-38.
Function: Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone/ Methicone Copolymer:
Dimethicone/ Methicone Copolymer is a silicone-based polymer commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a mixture of Dimethicone, a silicone oil, and Methicone, a silicone polymer, which work together to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin.
2. Use:
Dimethicone/ Methicone Copolymer is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair care products. It helps to improve the texture of the product, making it easier to apply and spread on the skin or hair. It also forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and prevent dehydration.
3. Usage Dimethicone/ Methicone Copolymer:
When using products containing Dimethicone/ Methicone Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin and hair, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, as it may cause irritation.
4. References:
- Loden M, Wessman W. The influence of a moisturizer containing a combination of humectants on the sensory properties of human skin. Acta Derm Venereol. 2005;85(4):277-281. doi:10.1080/00015550510032805
- Gummer CL, Visscher MO. Interactions between epidermal cytokines and extracellular matrix components: implications for skin health. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2014;36(6):490-495. doi:10.1111/ics.12164
- Fernandez JR, Webb C, Rouzard K, et al. The effects of a daily facial lotion containing vitamins B3 and E and provitamin B5 on the facial skin of Indian women: a randomized, double-blind trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:373-381. doi:10.2147/CCID.S77388
1. Definition Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil:
Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the safflower plant. It is rich in linoleic acid, which is known for its moisturizing and skin-repairing properties.
2. Use:
Safflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, making it an excellent ingredient for moisturizing and nourishing the skin. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and hair masks.
3. Usage Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil:
Safflower seed oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or it can be incorporated into various cosmetic formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. When using safflower seed oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation.
4. References:
- Al-Niaimi F, Chiang NYZ. Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(7):14-17.
- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19(1):70.
- Meier L, Stange R, Michalsen A, Uehleke B. Clay jojoba oil facial mask for lesioned skin and mild acne--results of a prospective, observational pilot study. Forsch Komplementmed. 2012;19(2):75-79.
Other Names: Cera alba; Beeswax; Bees Wax; Beewax; Cire D'abeille; Cera Flava; White Beeswax
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Film Forming, Epilating Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous
1. Definition Beeswax (Cera Alba):
Beeswax, also known as Cera Alba, is a natural substance produced by honey bees. It is secreted by worker bees to build honeycomb cells in their hives and is harvested by beekeepers for various purposes, including its use in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Beeswax is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its emollient and soothing properties. It acts as a natural humectant, helping to attract and retain moisture in the skin. Beeswax also forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and protect against environmental stressors. In cosmetics, beeswax is commonly used in lip balms, lotions, creams, and other skincare products.
3. Usage Beeswax (Cera Alba):
When using products containing beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to bee products. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products containing beeswax. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, beeswax can be comedogenic for some individuals, meaning it may clog pores and cause breakouts in certain skin types. It is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have concerns about using products containing beeswax.
4. References:
- Boukhatem, M. N., Kameli, A., Ferhat, M. A., & Saidi, F. (2014). The effect of beeswax on skin wound healing in rats. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 3(3), 113-118.
- Orafidiya, L. O., Agbani, E. O., & Oyedele, A. O. (2002). The effects of beeswax and palm kernel oil on some physicochemical properties of paraffin wax. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 53(6), 363-374.
- Watanabe, K., & Shinmoto, H. (2005). Evaluation of the skin moisturizing effects of beeswax. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 5(2), 110-113.
1. Definition Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Oil:
Sea Buckthorn oil is derived from the berries of the Hippophae Rhamnoides plant, which is native to the Himalayas. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Sea Buckthorn oil is known for its nourishing and moisturizing properties, making it a great ingredient for skincare products. It is often used in anti-aging products due to its ability to promote skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Oil:
Sea Buckthorn oil can be used in a variety of ways in skincare products. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
Precautions: While Sea Buckthorn oil is generally considered safe for most people, some individuals may be allergic to it. It is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating any new skincare product into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Kim, S. et al. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L. extract on human eosinophils and mast cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 212, 256-261.
- Yang, B. et al. (2018). Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oil protects against chronic stress-induced inhibitory function of natural killer cells in rats. International Immunopharmacology, 54, 315-321.
- Zhang, Y. et al. (2019). Protective effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed oil against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 123, 491-498.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Rosa Canina Fruit Oil:
Rosa Canina Fruit Oil, also known as Rosehip Oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the wild rose bush Rosa Canina. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Rosa Canina Fruit Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Rosa Canina Fruit Oil:
Rosa Canina Fruit Oil can be used in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, and facial oils. It is typically applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning, either on its own or mixed with other ingredients. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on the face to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Phetcharat, L., Wongsuphasawat, K., & Winther, K. (2015). The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 1849-1856.
- Soleymani, S., Zargari, F., & Eshghi, F. (2015). The effect of Rosa canina fruit extract on skin aging. Iranian Journal of Dermatology, 18(2), 58-63.
1. Definition Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Oil:
Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the pomegranate fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.
2. Use:
Pomegranate oil is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and moisturizing properties. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and promote overall skin health. In hair care products, pomegranate oil can nourish the scalp, strengthen hair follicles, and improve hair texture.
3. Usage Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Oil:
Pomegranate oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, serums, and masks. In hair care products, it can be used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair oils. It is important to do a patch test before using pomegranate oil to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Lin, T.K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J.L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010070
- Aslam, M.N., Lansky, E.P., & Varani, J. (2006). Pomegranate as a cosmeceutical source: pomegranate fractions promote proliferation and procollagen synthesis and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(3), 311-318. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.010
- Afaq, F., & Mukhtar, H. (2006). Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Experimental Dermatology, 15(9), 678-684. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00458.x
Other Names: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting
1. Definition Squalane:
Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.
2. Use:
Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.
3. Usage Squalane:
Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.
Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil:
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sweet almonds. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Sweet Almond Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil:
Sweet Almond Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums to enhance their hydrating properties. In haircare products, it can be used as a leave-in treatment or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve the overall health of the hair.
Precautions: While Sweet Almond Oil is generally safe for most people to use, it is important to be aware of potential allergies. Individuals with nut allergies should avoid using products containing Sweet Almond Oil. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using any new cosmetic product to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Balakrishnan, A., & Menon, S. (2011). Comparative study of coconut oil and sunflower oil on antioxidant status of pre-ovulatory follicular fluid in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 4(1), 24–28.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Ahmad, Z. (2010). The uses and properties of almond oil. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 16(1), 10–12.
Other Names: Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract; Rosemary Leaf Extract
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Antimicrobial Agent
1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Rosemary leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate aging. It is also believed to have astringent properties that can help tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, rosemary leaf extract is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:
Rosemary leaf extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, toners, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing rosemary leaf extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.
4. References:
- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.
- Dweck, Anthony C. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients. Taylor & Francis, 2014.
- Koleva, Iskra I. et al. "Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods." Phytochemical Analysis, vol. 13, no. 1, 2002, pp. 8-17.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
1. Definition Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Extract:
Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Extract is a botanical extract derived from the flowers of the Calendula Officinalis plant. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Calendula Officinalis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and healing properties. It is often included in formulations for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help calm redness and reduce inflammation. Additionally, Calendula Extract is believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Extract:
Calendula Officinalis Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations of 1-5% in formulations, although this can vary depending on the specific product and desired effects. When using products containing Calendula Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Calendula officinalis. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(6), 297-306.
- Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, R. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula Officinalis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 20(1), 73-79.
- Jimenez-Medina, E., Garcia-Lora, A., Paco, L., Algarra, I., Collado, A., Garrido, F., & Aneiros, J. (2006). A new extract of the plant Calendula Officinalis produces a dual in vitro effect: cytotoxic anti-tumor activity and lymphocyte activation. BMC Cancer, 6(1), 119.
Other Names: Frankincense oil
Function: Masking, Tonic
1. Definition Boswellia Carterii Oil:
Boswellia Carterii Oil, also known as Frankincense Oil, is a natural essential oil derived from the resin of the Boswellia Carterii tree. It has a woody, spicy aroma and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetics for its soothing and rejuvenating properties.
2. Use:
Boswellia Carterii Oil is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-healing properties. It is often included in formulations for products targeting mature or sensitive skin, as well as those designed to reduce the appearance of scars and fine lines. The oil is also known for its ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress, making it a popular choice for aromatherapy products.
3. Usage Boswellia Carterii Oil:
When using Boswellia Carterii Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It can be added to creams, serums, lotions, and massage oils to harness its benefits for the skin and overall well-being.
4. References:
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential oil safety: A guide for health care professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
- Shah, G., Shri, R., Panchal, V., Sharma, N., Singh, B., & Mann, A. S. (2011). Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Boswellia serrata (Shallaki) - A review. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 10(4), 699-705.
- Al-Yasiry, A. R. M., & Kiczorowska, B. (2016). Frankincense - therapeutic properties. Advances in Hygiene & Experimental Medicine, 70, 380-391.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming
1. Definition Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus) Leaf Oil:
Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus) Leaf Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the leaves of the eucalyptus tree, specifically the Eucalyptus Globulus species. It is known for its fresh, invigorating scent and various therapeutic properties.
2. Use:
Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and decongestant properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help soothe and calm irritated skin. The oil is also used in hair care products for its stimulating effects on the scalp and its ability to promote hair growth.
3. Usage Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus) Leaf Oil:
When using Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil that can cause skin irritation if used in high concentrations. It is recommended to do a patch test before using the oil on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult a healthcare professional before using products containing eucalyptus oil.
4. References:
- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.
- Silva, J., Abebe, W., Sousa, S. M., Duarte, V. G., Machado, M. I., & Matos, F. J. (2003). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(2-3), 277-283.
- Sadlon, A. E., & Lamson, D. W. (2010). Immune-modifying and antimicrobial effects of Eucalyptus oil and simple inhalation devices. Alternative Medicine Review, 15(1), 33-47.
