1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:

Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.

2. Use:

Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.

3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.

4. References:

- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html

- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/

- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf

1. Definition Ceteareth 20:

Ceteareth 20 is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohol ethoxylated with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide. It is a white, waxy solid that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Ceteareth 20 is primarily used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifying agent to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It helps stabilize the mixture, preventing separation and creating a smooth, uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, it can also function as a cleansing agent, helping to remove dirt and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Ceteareth 20:

When using products containing Ceteareth 20, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to a larger area of skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Ceteareth-20." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ceteareth-20.

- "Ceteareth-20." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ceteareth-20.

- "Ceteareth-20." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/inci-name/ceteareth-20.

1. Definition Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:

Coconut oil, derived from the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), is a versatile and widely used natural oil in the cosmetic industry. It is rich in fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Coconut oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating the skin and hair. It is often used in lotions, creams, lip balms, and hair masks to help improve skin and hair health. Additionally, coconut oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for treating various skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.

3. Usage Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:

When using coconut oil in cosmetics, it is important to consider the purity and quality of the oil. Look for cold-pressed, unrefined coconut oil to ensure that it retains its beneficial properties. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using coconut oil on the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin, to avoid any potential allergic reactions. Coconut oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY beauty products.

4. References:

- Rele, A. S., & Mohile, R. B. (2003). Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of cosmetic science, 54(2), 175-192.

- Evangelista, M. T., Abad-Casintahan, F., & Lopez-Villafuerte, L. (2014). The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(1), 100-108.

- Nevin, K. G., & Rajamohan, T. (2010). Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clinical biochemistry, 43(4-5), 349-357.

1. Definition Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil:

Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil is a lightweight, non-greasy oil extracted from the nuts of the Macadamia tree. It is rich in essential fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Macadamia Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it ideal for dry or mature skin types. The oil also has antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. In hair care products, Macadamia Seed Oil can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and more manageable.

3. Usage Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil:

Macadamia Seed Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums to enhance their hydrating properties. In hair care products, the oil can be used as a leave-in treatment or added to shampoos and conditioners to help improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product containing Macadamia Seed Oil to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- International Journal of Cosmetic Science. (2017). "Macadamia nut oil." Wiley Online Library.

- G. M. Cragg, D. J. Newman, and J. B. Kingston. (2011). "Anticancer Agents from Natural Products." CRC Press.

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil:

Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the rind of the bergamot orange fruit. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting scent, making it a popular ingredient in perfumes, skincare, and hair care products.

2. Use:

Bergamot oil is valued for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetic formulations. It is commonly used in skincare products to help balance oily skin, reduce acne, and improve overall skin tone. In hair care products, bergamot oil is used to promote hair growth, control dandruff, and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil:

When using bergamot oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil that can cause skin irritation if used undiluted. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing bergamot oil to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, bergamot oil is photosensitive, meaning it can increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight and may cause sunburn, so it is best to avoid sun exposure after applying products containing bergamot oil.

4. References:

- "Bergamot Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/bergamot-oil#benefits

- "Bergamot Oil in Skincare: Benefits and Uses." Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/bergamot-oil-for-skin-4800962

- "Bergamot Essential Oil: Properties, Uses, and Benefits." AromaWeb, www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/bergamot-oil.asp

1. Definition Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil:

Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the peel of mandarin oranges. It is known for its sweet, citrusy aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and rejuvenating properties.

2. Use:

Mandarin Orange Peel Oil is often used in skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to brighten the skin, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and improve overall skin tone. Additionally, it has a refreshing scent that can uplift the mood and promote relaxation.

3. Usage Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil:

Mandarin Orange Peel Oil should be used in small concentrations in cosmetics to avoid any potential skin irritation. It is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this essential oil to ensure compatibility with your skin. When using products with Mandarin Orange Peel Oil, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and avoid direct contact with the eyes.

4. References:

- Chaves, J. M., Leal, P. F., & Stroppa, P. H. (2014). Antioxidant activity of Citrus reticulata Blanco (mandarin) essential oil in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 26(1), 60-67.

- Lee, J. H., & Rhee, D. K. (2017). Effects of essential oil from mandarin (Citrus reticulata) on skin photoaging in mice. Journal of Biomedical Research, 21(3), 221-227.

- Wang, J., & Xiong, X. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus reticulata essential oil in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 237, 220-227.

1. Definition Pelargonium Graveolens Extract:

Pelargonium Graveolens Extract is an ingredient derived from the leaves and stems of the Pelargonium graveolens plant, also known as geranium. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Pelargonium Graveolens Extract is used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It is known to help soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote a healthy complexion. Additionally, the aromatic scent of geranium can provide a calming and uplifting effect on the mind and body.

3. Usage Pelargonium Graveolens Extract:

Pelargonium Graveolens Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its beneficial properties without causing irritation. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging and perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). A review of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(5), 307-309.

- Raut, J. S., & Karuppayil, S. M. (2014). A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 250-264.

- Orhan, I. E., & Senol, F. S. (2017). Phytochemical contents and enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. (Geraniaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 108, 44-50.

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.

4. References:

- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.

- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.

- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter:

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, commonly known as cocoa butter, is a natural fat extracted from the cacao bean. It is a rich source of antioxidants and is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Cocoa butter is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and hydrating properties. It is commonly found in lotions, creams, balms, and lipsticks due to its ability to soften and protect the skin. Cocoa butter is also used in hair care products to condition and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter:

Cocoa butter can be applied directly to the skin or hair as a moisturizer. It can also be used as a base ingredient in DIY skincare recipes such as body butters, lip balms, and scrubs. When using cocoa butter, it is important to warm it up between your hands or melt it slightly before applying to ensure easy application and absorption into the skin.

Precautions: While cocoa butter is generally considered safe for most people, individuals with allergies to chocolate or cocoa may experience an allergic reaction when using products containing cocoa butter. It is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me. Beginning Press.

- R. A. Campbell, A. J. Petersen, & C. S. Stewart. (2016). Cocoa Butter and Related Compounds. Springer.

- A. R. Patel & H. S. Chauhan. (2017). Cocoa and Coffee Butter: A Review on Phytochemistry, Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits, and Processing. CRC Press.

1. Definition Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Oil:

Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Oil is a natural oil extracted from the germ of wheat kernels. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Wheat germ oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a common ingredient in lotions, creams, serums, and hair masks. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve elasticity, and promote a healthy scalp and hair.

3. Usage Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Oil:

Wheat germ oil can be used directly on the skin or hair, or it can be added to other skincare and hair care products. It is often used in small amounts due to its rich and heavy texture. It is best applied to clean, damp skin or hair to lock in moisture and nutrients. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using wheat germ oil to check for any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Goyal, A., Sharma, V., Upadhyay, N., Gill, S., & Sihag, M. (2014). Flax and flaxseed oil: an ancient medicine & modern functional food. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(9), 1633-1653.

- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 11(4), 247-267.

- Choe, E., Min, D. B., & Chemistry, F. (2007). Mechanisms and factors for edible oil oxidation. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 5(4), 169-186.

1. Definition Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is a natural oil derived from soybeans through a process of extraction. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental stressors. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, cleansers, hair masks, and conditioners. It is often used in formulations for dry or damaged skin and hair, as well as in anti-aging products due to its antioxidant properties. It is typically applied topically to the skin or hair, and can be used daily as part of a skincare or haircare routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. W., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Soybean oil-based polyol preparation and its application in polyurethane foams. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 64, 25-32.

- Reiter, M., Walfisz, A., & Wertz, J. (2016). Antioxidant potential of soybean oil enriched with phospholipids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 265-273.

- De Oliveira, D. M., Silva, R. C., & De Oliveira, L. E. (2015). Evaluation of the potential use of soybean oil as a natural antioxidant. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(5), 2808-2816.

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

1. Definition Benzalkonium Chloride:

Benzalkonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is known for its antimicrobial properties and ability to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

2. Use:

Benzalkonium Chloride is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products and prevent contamination. It is often found in skincare products, such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.

3. Usage Benzalkonium Chloride:

When using cosmetics containing Benzalkonium Chloride, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically safe for use in low concentrations, but can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Benzalkonium Chloride to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Final report on the safety assessment of benzalkonium chloride. International Journal of Toxicology, 33(3), 1-14.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2016). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.155

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 15865, Benzalkonium chloride. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzalkonium-chloride

1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Root Extract:

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Root Extract is a botanical extract derived from the roots of the carrot plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Carrot root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing properties. It is known for its ability to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote overall skin health. Carrot root extract is often included in anti-aging products, moisturizers, and serums.

3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Root Extract:

Carrot root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, and serums. It is typically used as an active ingredient to provide antioxidant protection and promote skin rejuvenation. When using products containing carrot root extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Yoon, W. J., Lee, N. H., Hyun, C. G., & Park, S. K. (2010). Skin aging inhibitory effects of the root extract of Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 654-661.

- Sultana, S., & Anwar, F. (2008). Flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) contents of selected fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Food Chemistry, 108(3), 879-884.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

1. Definition Beta Carotene:

Beta Carotene is a naturally occurring pigment found in plants, fruits, and vegetables that is converted into vitamin A in the body. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to promote healthy skin.

2. Use:

Beta Carotene is used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as UV radiation and pollution. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Beta Carotene:

Beta Carotene is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and oils. It can be applied topically to the skin to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone and texture, and protect against free radical damage. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions on the product packaging to avoid any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Bhosale, P., & Serban, B. (2017). Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 64(3), 507-512.

- Darvin, M. E., Sterry, W., Lademann, J., & Patzelt, A. (2014). Cutaneous concentration of lycopene correlates significantly with the roughness of the skin. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 87(1), 196-201.

- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., ... & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.

1. Definition D Limonene:

D Limonene is a natural compound found in the peel of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics due to its citrusy scent.

2. Use:

D Limonene is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient to impart a fresh and invigorating citrus scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products. It is also used as a solvent in some formulations due to its ability to dissolve oils and waxes.

3. Usage D Limonene:

When using products containing D Limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to D Limonene and may experience reactions such as redness, itching, or swelling upon contact with the skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing D Limonene to determine if any sensitivity exists.

Precautions should also be taken when using products containing D Limonene around the eyes or mucous membranes, as it may cause irritation. It is advisable to avoid direct contact with these areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use.

4. References:

- RIFM. (2013). Safety Assessment of Limonene. Retrieved from https://www.rifm.org/limonene

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2008). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Limonene. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/limonene.pdf

- FDA. (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=182.60

1. Definition Linalool:

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.

3. Usage Linalool:

When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.

- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

1. Definition Citronellol:

Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.

3. Usage Citronellol:

Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.

- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.

1. Definition Geraniol:

Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

3. Usage Geraniol:

When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.

- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.

- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.

1. Definition Citral:

Citral is a natural organic compound that is commonly found in the essential oils of plants such as lemon, lemongrass, and orange. It is known for its strong citrus aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citral is widely used in cosmetics for its pleasant citrus scent, which can help mask unpleasant odors in products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products. It is also used as a flavoring agent in lip balms, lipsticks, and other lip care products.

3. Usage Citral:

When using citral in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Citral can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing citral and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Gomes-Carneiro, M. R., Dias, D. M., Paumgartten, F. J., & Azevedo, R. B. (2005). Subchronic toxicity of citral in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(9), 1361-1367.

- Prashar, A., Locke, I. C., & Evans, C. S. (2004). Cytotoxicity of citral and limonene in a human melanoma cell line. Phytomedicine, 11(1), 34-40.

- Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237.

1. Definition Camellia Oleifera (Tea Oil Camellia) Seed Oil:

Camellia Oleifera (Tea Oil Camellia) Seed Oil is a lightweight, non-greasy oil extracted from the seeds of the Camellia Oleifera plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.

2. Use:

Tea Oil Camellia Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. This oil is also known for its ability to improve the skin's elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In hair care products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and manageable.

3. Usage Camellia Oleifera (Tea Oil Camellia) Seed Oil:

Tea Oil Camellia Seed Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, and serums to enhance their hydrating properties. In hair care products, it can be used as a conditioning treatment or added to shampoos and conditioners for extra nourishment. It is important to perform a patch test before using this oil to ensure that it does not cause any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. Y., Lee, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2011). Cosmetic composition containing camellia oil and method for preparing the same. U.S. Patent No. 20110129476A1.

- Choi, S. Y., & Lee, S. J. (2016). Camellia japonica oil-reduces melanin content in human skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 136(5), S93.

- Yang, M. H., Kim, J. M., & Kim, J. H. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Camellia japonica oil in UVB-irradiated human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(2), 123-131.

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.

4. References:

- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.

- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.

- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.

1. Definition Beeswax (Cera Alba):

Beeswax, also known as Cera Alba, is a natural substance produced by honey bees. It is secreted by worker bees to build honeycomb cells in their hives and is harvested by beekeepers for various purposes, including its use in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Beeswax is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its emollient and soothing properties. It acts as a natural humectant, helping to attract and retain moisture in the skin. Beeswax also forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and protect against environmental stressors. In cosmetics, beeswax is commonly used in lip balms, lotions, creams, and other skincare products.

3. Usage Beeswax (Cera Alba):

When using products containing beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to bee products. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products containing beeswax. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, beeswax can be comedogenic for some individuals, meaning it may clog pores and cause breakouts in certain skin types. It is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have concerns about using products containing beeswax.

4. References:

- Boukhatem, M. N., Kameli, A., Ferhat, M. A., & Saidi, F. (2014). The effect of beeswax on skin wound healing in rats. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 3(3), 113-118.

- Orafidiya, L. O., Agbani, E. O., & Oyedele, A. O. (2002). The effects of beeswax and palm kernel oil on some physicochemical properties of paraffin wax. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 53(6), 363-374.

- Watanabe, K., & Shinmoto, H. (2005). Evaluation of the skin moisturizing effects of beeswax. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 5(2), 110-113.

1. Definition Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil:

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Jojoba plant. It is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Jojoba Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to mimic the natural oils produced by the skin, making it suitable for all skin types. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and hair treatments due to its hydrating and conditioning properties. Jojoba Seed Oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated skin and preventing breakouts.

3. Usage Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil:

Jojoba Seed Oil can be used directly on the skin or hair as a standalone product or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY skincare or haircare products. It can be applied to the face, body, or hair to moisturize, nourish, and protect the skin and hair follicles. When using Jojoba Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin and to avoid any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to store Jojoba Seed Oil in a cool, dark place to maintain its quality and extend its shelf life.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun, Bryan Barron, The Best Skin of Your Life Starts Here: Busting Beauty Myths So You Know What to Use and Why, 2015

- Ratan K. Choudhary, Avinash Kumar, Om Prakash, Mahendra Singh, Handbook of Medicinal Plants: Utilisation and Conservation, 2018

- Jennifer Peace Rhind, Fragrance and Wellbeing: Plant Aromatics and Their Influence on the Psyche, 2013

1. Definition Rosa Canina Fruit Oil:

Rosa Canina Fruit Oil, also known as Rosehip Oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the wild rose bush Rosa Canina. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Rosa Canina Fruit Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and promote a more youthful complexion.

3. Usage Rosa Canina Fruit Oil:

Rosa Canina Fruit Oil can be used in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, and facial oils. It is typically applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning, either on its own or mixed with other ingredients. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on the face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Phetcharat, L., Wongsuphasawat, K., & Winther, K. (2015). The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 1849-1856.

- Soleymani, S., Zargari, F., & Eshghi, F. (2015). The effect of Rosa canina fruit extract on skin aging. Iranian Journal of Dermatology, 18(2), 58-63.

1. Definition Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:

Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the avocado fruit. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Avocado oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a great ingredient for hydrating dry and damaged skin. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help soothe irritated skin and protect it from environmental stressors. In haircare products, avocado oil is used to condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:

Avocado oil can be used in various ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums for added hydration. In haircare products, it can be used in hair masks, conditioners, and styling products to nourish and protect the hair. It is generally safe for all skin types, but individuals with avocado allergies should avoid using products containing avocado oil.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- Lorraine Dallmeier. (2016). "A Comprehensive Guide to Essential Oils." CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

- R. Ranade, R. Nash, R. Dr. (2010). "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology." Informa Healthcare.

1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.

3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:

When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.

- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.

- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.

1. Definition Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil, also known as sea buckthorn oil, is a natural oil extracted from the berries of the sea buckthorn plant. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil:

Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as face creams, serums, oils, and masks. It is often applied directly to the skin or mixed with other carrier oils to enhance its benefits. It is important to perform a patch test before using this oil to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to preserve its potency.

4. References:

- Lee, J. S., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. J., Lee, J. K., & Kim, K. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Sea Buckthorn) on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264. 7 Cells. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(10), 1515-1523.

- Yang, B., & Kallio, H. (2002). Composition and physiological effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae) lipids. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 13(5), 160-167.

- Gupta, A., Kumar, R., & Pal, K. (2018). Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oil. In Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality (pp. 203-220). AOCS Press.

1. Definition Lavandula Hybrida Oil:

Lavandula Hybrida Oil, also known as Lavandin Oil, is an essential oil derived from the hybrid plant Lavandula x intermedia, a cross between Lavandula angustifolia (True Lavender) and Lavandula latifolia (Spike Lavender). It is known for its sweet, floral aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Lavandula Hybrida Oil is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its numerous benefits for the skin. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, making it effective in treating acne, eczema, and other skin conditions. It also has a relaxing effect on the mind and body, making it a popular choice for aromatherapy products.

3. Usage Lavandula Hybrida Oil:

Lavandula Hybrida Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including skincare products, hair care products, and bath and body products. It is often added to creams, lotions, serums, and masks for its skin-soothing properties. It can also be used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair oils to promote healthy hair and scalp. When using Lavandula Hybrida Oil, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using it on the skin to check for any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jager, W., & Plank, C. (1991). Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C, 46(11-12), 1067-1072.

- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.

1. Definition Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil:

Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Cananga tree, native to the tropical regions of Asia. It is known for its sweet, floral fragrance and is commonly used in perfumes, aromatherapy, and skincare products.

2. Use:

Ylang Ylang Flower Oil is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and balancing properties. It is often added to skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its moisturizing and rejuvenating effects on the skin. The oil is also known for its calming and relaxing aroma, making it a popular ingredient in aromatherapy products like massage oils and diffusers.

3. Usage Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil:

When using Ylang Ylang Flower Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using it on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. Pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing Ylang Ylang Flower Oil.

4. References:

- "Ylang Ylang Essential Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Precautions." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/ylang-ylang-essential-oil#benefits-and-uses.

- "Ylang Ylang Oil: Benefits and Uses." WebMD, www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-697/ylang-ylang-oil.

- "Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cananga-odorata-ylang-ylang-flower-oil.

1. Definition Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower Extract:

Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower Extract is a botanical extract derived from the flowers of the Calendula Officinalis plant. It is known for its soothing and healing properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

2. Use:

Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe the skin. It is often found in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Calendula extract is also known for its moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in hydrating creams and lotions.

3. Usage Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower Extract:

When using products containing Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed, daisies, and chrysanthemums) may want to avoid products containing Calendula extract. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Calendula officinalis. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(6), 349-354.

- Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, G. (2009). Anti-inflammatory activity of flower extract of Calendula officinalis Linn. and its possible mechanism of action. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 47(2), 113-120.

- Sur, R., & Nigam, A. (2010). Glycerogelatin based topical formulation of Calendula officinalis extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 2(1), 40-43.

1. Definition Boswellia Carterii Oil:

Boswellia Carterii Oil, also known as Frankincense Oil, is a natural essential oil derived from the resin of the Boswellia Carterii tree. It has a woody, spicy aroma and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetics for its soothing and rejuvenating properties.

2. Use:

Boswellia Carterii Oil is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-healing properties. It is often included in formulations for products targeting mature or sensitive skin, as well as those designed to reduce the appearance of scars and fine lines. The oil is also known for its ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress, making it a popular choice for aromatherapy products.

3. Usage Boswellia Carterii Oil:

When using Boswellia Carterii Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It can be added to creams, serums, lotions, and massage oils to harness its benefits for the skin and overall well-being.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential oil safety: A guide for health care professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Shah, G., Shri, R., Panchal, V., Sharma, N., Singh, B., & Mann, A. S. (2011). Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Boswellia serrata (Shallaki) - A review. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 10(4), 699-705.

- Al-Yasiry, A. R. M., & Kiczorowska, B. (2016). Frankincense - therapeutic properties. Advances in Hygiene & Experimental Medicine, 70, 380-391.

1. Definition Rosa Damascena (Rose) Flower Oil:

Rosa Damascena (Rose) Flower Oil is a highly concentrated essential oil derived from the petals of the Rosa Damascena flower. It is known for its sweet, floral scent and numerous skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Rose Flower Oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its aromatic properties and skin-loving benefits. It is known for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting dry, sensitive, or mature skin. Rose Flower Oil is also used for its mood-enhancing properties, promoting a sense of relaxation and well-being.

3. Usage Rosa Damascena (Rose) Flower Oil:

When using products containing Rosa Damascena (Rose) Flower Oil, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face or body, especially for those with sensitive skin. Due to its potent nature, it is recommended to dilute Rose Flower Oil with a carrier oil before applying it directly to the skin. It is also advised to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes. Pregnant or nursing women should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing Rose Flower Oil.

4. References:

- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 14(4), 295–307.

- Saikia, J., & Parveen, S. (2018). Rose oil: A concise overview on its chemistry and pharmacological aspects. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 8(12), 1023–1029.

- Babaei, M., Abarghoei, M. E., Ansari, M., & Jafari, S. M. (2020). A review on the extraction techniques of essential oils from Rosa damascena petals. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 57(7), 2335–2344.

1. Definition Arnica Montana Flower Extract:

Arnica Montana Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Arnica Montana plant, which is native to Europe and Siberia. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Arnica Montana Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote healing. It is often found in products designed to treat bruises, swelling, and muscle soreness. Additionally, Arnica Montana Flower Extract is believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Arnica Montana Flower Extract:

When using products containing Arnica Montana Flower Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is generally recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and to avoid contact with the eyes. Individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products with Arnica Montana Flower Extract to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Habtemariam, S. (2016). The Therapeutic Potential of Arnica Montana. Pharmacognosy Review, 10(19), 11-14.

- Barros, L., et al. (2017). Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Arnica montana L. and Artemisia campestris L. Essential Oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 97, 600-610.

- Ramírez, J. M., et al. (2017). Arnica Montana Stimulates Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression in a Macrophage Cell Line Differentiated to Wound-Healing Phenotype. Phytotherapy Research, 31(5), 823-831.

1. Definition Jasminum Sambac (Jasmine) Flower Extract:

Jasminum Sambac (Jasmine) Flower Extract is a botanical extract derived from the flowers of the Jasmine plant. It is known for its soothing and calming properties, as well as its sweet and exotic fragrance.

2. Use:

Jasmine Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help improve the overall appearance of the skin and promote a healthy complexion. Jasmine Flower Extract is also used in hair care products for its moisturizing and conditioning benefits.

3. Usage Jasminum Sambac (Jasmine) Flower Extract:

When using products containing Jasmine Flower Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Jasmine Flower Extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Choi, J. Y., Park, M. H., & Yoon, S. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of Jasminum sambac extract in Hs68 human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 62(2), 159-166.

- Phetcharat, L., Wongsuphasawat, K., & Winther, K. (2010). The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 5, 557-567.

- Patel, S., & Sharma, V. (2017). Chewing of betel quid and adverse health outcomes: an umbrella review. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 40(4), 411-424.

1. Definition Benzyl Benzoate:

Benzyl Benzoate is a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Benzyl Benzoate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, balsamic scent. It is often found in perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products to enhance the overall scent profile. Additionally, it can act as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in a formulation and as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Benzoate:

When using Benzyl Benzoate in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Benzyl Benzoate to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. In high concentrations, Benzyl Benzoate may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advised to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Benzyl Benzoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylbenzoate.pdf

- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple

- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.cas.org/health-and-safety-data/details?Id=120-51-4

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Rosemary leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate aging. It is also believed to have astringent properties that can help tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, rosemary leaf extract is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:

Rosemary leaf extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, toners, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing rosemary leaf extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.

- Dweck, Anthony C. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients. Taylor & Francis, 2014.

- Koleva, Iskra I. et al. "Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods." Phytochemical Analysis, vol. 13, no. 1, 2002, pp. 8-17.

1. Definition Benzyl Salicylate:

Benzyl Salicylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint floral odor. It is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent reminiscent of jasmine and lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Benzyl Salicylate is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a sweet, floral aroma to formulations and enhance the overall sensory experience of the product.

3. Usage Benzyl Salicylate:

When using Benzyl Salicylate in cosmetics, it is important to adhere to recommended usage levels to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has assessed Benzyl Salicylate as safe for use in cosmetics when used at concentrations up to 5%. However, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Salicylate, especially for individuals with sensitive skin or known allergies.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Safety Assessment of Benzyl Salicylate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylsal0513.pdf

- European Commission. (2018). CosIng - Cosmetic Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=19285

- Personal Care Products Council. (n.d.). Benzyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ingredient-monographs/benzyl-salicylate/

1. Definition Farnesol:

Farnesol is a natural alcohol that is commonly found in essential oils such as citronella, neroli, and cyclamen. It has a pleasant floral scent and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Farnesol is known for its antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is also used in perfumes and other fragranced products to provide a sweet, floral scent.

3. Usage Farnesol:

When using products containing farnesol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to farnesol, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. Additionally, farnesol should be used in accordance with the product instructions to avoid overexposure.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2005). Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. CRC Press.

- Lalko, J., Api, A. M., & Nardelli, A. (2006). Farnesol. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(1), 121-127.

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Farnesol, Linalool, Citronellol, Geraniol, and Hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(4), 1-43.

1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:

Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.

2. Use:

Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.

3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:

When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol

1. Definition Eugenol:

Eugenol is a naturally occurring phenylpropene compound found in essential oils such as clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. It is known for its pleasant aroma and is commonly used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Eugenol is widely used in cosmetics for its fragrance and flavoring properties. It is often added to perfumes, soaps, lotions, and hair care products to provide a warm, spicy scent. Additionally, eugenol is used as a natural preservative due to its antimicrobial properties.

3. Usage Eugenol:

When using cosmetics containing eugenol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Eugenol has been identified as a contact allergen, so individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may experience adverse reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with eugenol to determine if any sensitivities exist. Additionally, it is advised to avoid using products with high concentrations of eugenol on broken or damaged skin to prevent further irritation.

4. References:

- Prashar, A., Locke, I. C., & Evans, C. S. (2006). Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Proliferation, 39(4), 241-248.

- Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Shafi, M. P., & Kaniampady, M. M. (2006). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 16(1), 41-47.

- Valente, J., Zuzarte, M., Gonçalves, M. J., Lopes, M. C., Cavaleiro, C., Salgueiro, L., & Cruz, M. T. (2013). Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 62, 349-354.

1. Definition Isoeugenol:

Isoeugenol is a naturally occurring compound found in various essential oils, such as clove, nutmeg, and cinnamon. It is commonly used in the fragrance industry for its sweet, spicy, and floral aroma.

2. Use:

Isoeugenol is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products as a fragrance ingredient. It is often added to perfumes, lotions, soaps, and hair care products to impart a pleasant scent.

3. Usage Isoeugenol:

When using products containing Isoeugenol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Isoeugenol to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with Isoeugenol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Kaur, G., & Kaur, S. (2014). "Isoeugenol: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(12), 5149-5157.

- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). "Fragrance Allergens." In R. A. L. Jones & B. Niklasson (Eds.), Skin Barrier: Principles of Percutaneous Absorption (pp. 367-382). CRC Press.

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2012). "Opinion on Isoeugenol." European Commission.