1. Definition C13 14 Isoparaffin:

C13-14 Isoparaffin is a mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a low viscosity and high flash point, making it a common ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

C13-14 Isoparaffin is primarily used as a solvent in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of formulations. It is commonly found in skin care products such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks.

3. Usage C13 14 Isoparaffin:

When using products containing C13-14 Isoparaffin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, and discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reaction occurs. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of C13-14 Isoparaffin as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015.

- "Isoparaffin" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isoparaffin

- "C13-14 Isoparaffin" The Dermatology Review, https://thedermreview.com/c13-14-isoparaffin/

1. Definition Arginine/ Lysine Polypeptide:

Arginine/Lysine Polypeptide is a combination of two amino acids, arginine and lysine, that are often used in cosmetics for their skin conditioning properties. These amino acids are essential for maintaining healthy skin and are known for their ability to improve skin texture and appearance.

2. Use:

Arginine/Lysine Polypeptide is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is often included in anti-aging formulations due to its ability to promote collagen production and improve skin elasticity. Additionally, arginine/lysine polypeptide can help to hydrate and nourish the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and treatments for dry or damaged skin.

3. Usage Arginine/ Lysine Polypeptide:

When using products containing Arginine/Lysine Polypeptide, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products should be applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products regularly for best results and to discontinue use if any irritation or sensitivity occurs.

4. References:

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

- Farris, P. K. (2005). Topical vitamin C: a useful agent for treating photoaging and other dermatologic conditions. Dermatologic surgery, 31(s1), 814-818.

1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract:

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Aloe Vera plant, known for its soothing and healing properties. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory benefits.

2. Use:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and soothe the skin. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, serums, and masks, where it can help to calm irritation, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Aloe Vera extract is also known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait 24 hours to check for any adverse reactions. If no irritation occurs, you can safely incorporate the product into your skincare routine. It is also recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian journal of dermatology, 53(4), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.44785

- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 5(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.006

- Paulsen, E., Korsholm, L., & Brandrup, F. (2005). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a commercial Aloe vera gel in the treatment of slight to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 19(3), 326–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01203.x

1. Definition Vp/ Methacrylamide/ Vinyl Imidazole Copolymer:

Vp/ Methacrylamide/ Vinyl Imidazole Copolymer is a versatile polymer used in cosmetics for its film-forming and adhesive properties. It is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP), methacrylamide, and vinyl imidazole, which helps improve the texture, stability, and performance of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Vp/ Methacrylamide/ Vinyl Imidazole Copolymer is commonly used in cosmetic formulations such as hair styling products, hair sprays, mousses, and gels. It helps provide long-lasting hold, flexibility, and resistance to humidity, making it ideal for creating various hairstyles that require strong hold and flexibility.

3. Usage Vp/ Methacrylamide/ Vinyl Imidazole Copolymer:

When using Vp/ Methacrylamide/ Vinyl Imidazole Copolymer in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and formulation guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in hair styling products. It is important to avoid direct contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Kumar, S., Singh, S. K., & Pandey, A. K. (2019). Vinylpyrrolidone and its copolymers in cosmetics: Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a skin-friendly polymer in various cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 856-864.

- Hwang, S. W., Lee, H. J., & Kim, H. J. (2016). Hair styling compositions comprising a terpolymer of vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylamide, and vinylimidazole. US Patent No. 9,339,435.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, K. H., & Seo, J. H. (2018). Development of hair styling gel with high holding power using vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole copolymer. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 44(2), 131-136.

1. Definition Arginine:

Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins in the body. It is considered a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it on its own, supplementation may be necessary in certain circumstances.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, arginine is often included in formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve skin hydration by attracting water to the skin and maintaining its moisture balance. Additionally, arginine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.

3. Usage Arginine:

Arginine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing arginine to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. R., Park, G. Y., Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., & Lee, K. W. (2012). Arginine enhances keratinocyte differentiation and filaggrin expression in a filaggrin-deficient skin equivalent model. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 20(3), 292-298.

- Schürer, N., Schliep, V., Williams, J. D., & Imhof, D. (2008). The skin aging exposome. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2), s2-s6.

- Kieffer, M. E., & Repka, M. A. (2016). Arginine-based materials for wound healing: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(9), 2675-2686.

1. Definition Rubus Chamaemorus Seed Extract:

Rubus Chamaemorus Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the cloudberry plant, also known as the bakeapple or salmonberry. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Rubus Chamaemorus Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its nourishing and hydrating properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors. This extract is often included in anti-aging formulations to help combat signs of aging such as wrinkles and fine lines.

3. Usage Rubus Chamaemorus Seed Extract:

Rubus Chamaemorus Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, look for products that list it as an active ingredient and follow the manufacturer's instructions for use.

4. References:

- Park, J. H., Jin, C. Y., Lee, J. H., & Lee, J. S. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Rubus chamaemorus L. on DSS-induced colitis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 178, 238-246.

- Lee, J. H., Jin, C. Y., Park, J. H., & Lee, J. S. (2017). Protective effects of Rubus chamaemorus L. on dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine ulcerative colitis. Journal of Medicinal Food, 20(4), 364-373.

- Kallio, H., Yang, B., & Peippo, P. (2002). Effects of different origins and harvesting time on vitamin C, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(12), 3692-3697.

1. Definition Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract, also known as Chinese Wolfberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the Lycium Chinense plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, this extract has soothing and hydrating properties, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract:

Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply products containing Lycium Chinense Fruit Extract onto clean skin, following the directions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lee, J. S., Kim, H. J., Lee, Y. J., & Kim, J. (2016). Protective effect of Lycium chinense fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 11(1), 129-134.

- Zhang, M., Chen, H., Huang, J., & Li, Z. (2016). Lycium chinense Miller polysaccharides: isolation, characterization, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 93, 1161-1168.

- Kim, H. J., Lee, J. S., & Kim, J. (2015). Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract attenuates osteoclastogenesis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on murine macrophages and osteoblasts. Nutrition research and practice, 9(6), 579-586.

1. Definition Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from cranberries, which are rich in antioxidants and vitamins. This extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Cranberry fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to nourish and hydrate the skin. It is also known for its ability to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, cranberry extract can help to brighten and even out the skin tone, making it a versatile ingredient in skincare formulations.

3. Usage Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract:

Cranberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, masks, and cleansers. When using products containing cranberry extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to store products containing cranberry extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.

4. References:

- Kulling SE, Rawel HM. Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)–a review on the characteristic components and potential health effects. Planta Med. 2008;74(13):1625-34. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1084864.

- Ngo SN, Williams DB, Cobiac L, Head RJ. Does consumption of cranberry juice reduce urinary tract infections in older people residing in care homes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:687-93. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S81721.

- Basu A, Rhone M, Lyons TJ. Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutr Rev. 2010;68(3):168-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00273.x.

1. Definition Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:

Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract is a natural extract derived from the blueberry fruit, which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, anti-aging, and moisturizing benefits.

2. Use:

Blueberry fruit extract is used in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting dullness, fine lines, and dryness, as it can help to nourish and protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:

Blueberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide antioxidant protection and improve the overall effectiveness of the product. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing blueberry fruit extract.

4. References:

- Lee, J., & Finn, C. E. (2007). Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and European elderberry (S. nigra) cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87(14), 2665-2675.

- Basu, A., Rhone, M., & Lyons, T. J. (2010). Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutrition reviews, 68(3), 168-177.

- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S. J., Das, D. K., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. A., ... & Pruess, H. G. (2000). Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology, 148(2-3), 187-197.

1. Definition Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract:

Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the raspberry fruit. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Raspberry fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can soothe irritated skin and reduce redness. Additionally, raspberry extract is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent ingredient for hydrating and revitalizing the skin.

3. Usage Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract:

Raspberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing raspberry extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with raspberry extract regularly to see the full benefits for the skin.

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Afaq, F., & Katiyar, S. K. (2003). Polyphenols: skin photoprotection and inhibition of photocarcinogenesis. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 3(4), 303-308.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143.

1. Definition Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract:

Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the Fragaria chiloensis plant, commonly known as the Chilean strawberry. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer a range of benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It is also known for its brightening and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products targeting uneven skin tone and inflammation.

3. Usage Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract:

Fragaria Chiloensis (Strawberry) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and cleansers. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, K. H. (2014). The protective effect of Fragaria ananassa crude extract on ultraviolet B-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 136, 50-57.

- Choi, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, K. H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of Fragaria ananassa crude extract on ultraviolet B-irradiated human fibroblasts. PloS One, 10(6), e0130938.

- Park, H. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, K. H. (2016). Anti-wrinkle effects of Fragaria ananassa crude extract on ultraviolet B-irradiated hairless mouse skin. Phytotherapy Research, 30(1), 97-108.

1. Definition Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract:

Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the Coffea Arabica plant, commonly known as coffee. It is rich in antioxidants, including chlorogenic acid, which help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.

2. Use:

Coffee seed extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which can help to reduce inflammation, improve skin texture, and protect against UV damage. It is also known for its ability to increase blood circulation, which can help to reduce the appearance of dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.

3. Usage Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Extract:

Coffee seed extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%, depending on the desired effects. When using products containing coffee seed extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin, as some individuals may be sensitive to caffeine.

4. References:

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Maia Campos, P. M. B. G., Gianeti, M. D., & Camargo, F. B., Jr (2014). Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of coffea arabica L. in cosmetic formulations by in vitro methods. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 89(6), 1027–1031. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142980

- Micek, J., & Żywicka, B. (2015). Antioxidative properties of coffee substitutes. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 14(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFS.2015.1.7

1. Definition Alcohol:

Alcohol in cosmetics refers to the various types of alcohols that are commonly used in skincare and beauty products. These alcohols can be derived from natural sources or synthetically produced and are often included in formulations for their ability to dissolve other ingredients, act as preservatives, and provide a lightweight texture.

2. Use:

Alcohol in cosmetics is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation, such as essential oils, fragrances, and active ingredients. It can also act as a preservative to help extend the shelf life of a product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, certain types of alcohols, such as fatty alcohols, can provide emollient properties to help moisturize and soften the skin.

3. Usage Alcohol:

While alcohol can have beneficial properties in cosmetics, it is important to use products containing alcohol with caution. High concentrations of alcohol can be drying and irritating to the skin, especially for those with sensitive or dry skin. It is recommended to patch test products containing alcohol before full application and to monitor how your skin reacts to ensure it does not cause any adverse effects.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

1. Definition Acrylates/ Steareth 20 Itaconate Copolymer:

Acrylates/Steareth-20 Itaconate Copolymer is a copolymer derived from acrylates, steareth-20, and itaconic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Acrylates/Steareth-20 Itaconate Copolymer is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair care products. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product, as well as enhance its stability and shelf life.

3. Usage Acrylates/ Steareth 20 Itaconate Copolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/Steareth-20 Itaconate Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Acrylates/Steareth-20 Itaconate Copolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatessteareth-20-itaconate-copolymer.

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates/Steareth-20 Itaconate Copolymer." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/acrylatessteareth-20itaconatecopolymer.pdf.

- "Acrylates/Steareth-20 Itaconate Copolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-steareth-20-itaconate-copolymer.

1. Definition Polyacrylamide:

Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and film-former. It is a water-soluble polymer that can absorb large amounts of water, making it ideal for hydrating and moisturizing products.

2. Use:

Polyacrylamide is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products, allowing for a smooth and even application. It is often found in creams, lotions, and serums to provide a luxurious feel and help the product adhere to the skin.

3. Usage Polyacrylamide:

When using cosmetics containing polyacrylamide, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. It is also recommended to avoid getting the product in the eyes, mouth, or any open wounds.

4. References:

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B. A., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2014). Safety assessment of acrylamide and polyacrylamides as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 33(2_suppl), 3S-22S.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2005). Final report on the safety assessment of polyacrylamide. International journal of toxicology, 24(2_suppl), 21-50.

- Lode, O., & Dufour, P. (2012). Polyacrylamides in cosmetics: a risk for human health?. Contact dermatitis, 66(6), 330-331.

1. Definition Tromethamine:

Tromethamine, also known as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, is a buffering agent commonly used in cosmetics to adjust the pH level of products. It is a synthetic organic compound that is water-soluble and odorless.

2. Use:

Tromethamine is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster to help maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is often included in skincare products, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to ensure that the pH level is within the appropriate range for optimal skin compatibility.

3. Usage Tromethamine:

When using cosmetics containing Tromethamine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid direct contact with eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Tromethamine, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Arctander, S. (1969). Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals). Montclair, NJ: Allured Publishing Corporation.

- Loden, M. (2003). The clinical benefit of moisturizers. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 17(S1), 20-23.

- Korting, H. C., & Kerscher, M. J. (2006). The efficacy of moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 19(5), 256-261.

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

1. Definition Laureth 7:

Laureth 7 is a polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a mild cleansing agent that helps to remove dirt and oil from the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Laureth 7 is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, conditioners, and lotions. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in formulations, allowing for easier application and distribution of active ingredients.

3. Usage Laureth 7:

When using products containing Laureth 7, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with Laureth 7 to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is also recommended to avoid getting Laureth 7 in the eyes, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Laureth-7. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/laureth-7

- Personal Care Council. (2007). Safety Assessment of Laureth-7 and PEG-7 Laureate. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr110.pdf

- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Laureth-7. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Laureth-7

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition CI 17200:

CI 17200 is a synthetic dye commonly known as Red 33. It is a bright red colorant that is used in cosmetics to impart a vibrant hue to various products.

2. Use:

CI 17200 is primarily used as a colorant in cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes. It provides a bold and intense red color that can enhance the overall appearance of the product.

3. Usage CI 17200:

When using cosmetics containing CI 17200, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Avoid direct eye contact and ingestion of the product. Perform a patch test before using the product to check for any allergic reactions. Discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of CI 17200" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

- "Evaluation of the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of CI 17200" by European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)

- "Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on cosmetic products" by European Union

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2:

Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is derived from acrylic acid and is known for its ability to create a smooth and creamy texture in skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2 is primarily used in cosmetic formulations to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products.

3. Usage Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2:

When using products containing Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer and Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2 as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2011.

- "Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2" The Good Scents Company, Accessed September 2021.

- "Evaluation of the acute dermal irritation potential of a cosmetic product containing acrylates copolymer and sodium acrylates crosspolymer-2 in a human repeat insult patch test" Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2019.

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

1. Definition Glycereth 25 Pca Isostearate:

Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate is a cosmetic ingredient derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in skincare products.

2. Use:

Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate is known for its ability to hydrate and moisturize the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. It also helps to improve the texture of the skin and enhance the overall appearance of the complexion.

3. Usage Glycereth 25 Pca Isostearate:

Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate is typically found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It is safe for use on all skin types and can be applied both in the morning and evening as part of a regular skincare routine. It is recommended to apply a small amount of product to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycereth-25-pca-isostearate

- The Derm Review. (n.d.). Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/glycereth-25-pca-isostearate/

- Truth In Aging. (n.d.). Glycereth-25 PCA Isostearate. Retrieved from https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glycereth-25-pca-isostearate

1. Definition Carbomer:

Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.

2. Use:

Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.

3. Usage Carbomer:

When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.

- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.

- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

1. Definition Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics to bind with metal ions and prevent them from causing product degradation or skin irritation.

2. Use:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a stabilizer and preservative. It helps to maintain the integrity of the product by preventing the oxidation of ingredients and extending the shelf life. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other active ingredients in the formula by improving their stability.

3. Usage Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:

Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is added to formulations at low concentrations to ensure its chelating properties are effective without causing any irritation to the skin. Users should follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use of products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate" by the European Chemicals Agency

- "Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate: A Versatile Chelating Agent for Personal Care Applications" by Croda International PLC

1. Definition Backhousia Citriodora Leaf Extract:

Backhousia Citriodora Leaf Extract, also known as Lemon Myrtle Leaf Extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Lemon Myrtle tree. It is known for its refreshing citrus scent and various skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Backhousia Citriodora Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. It is often included in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and serums to help purify the skin, fight against free radicals, and promote a healthier complexion.

3. Usage Backhousia Citriodora Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Backhousia Citriodora Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to monitor for any adverse effects.

4. References:

- Satchell AC, Saurajen A, Bell C, Barnetson RS. Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Dec;47(6):852-5. doi: 10.1067/mjd.2002.122734. PMID: 12451368.

- Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(4):853-860. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02059.x

- Williams LR, Stockley JK, Yan R, Garner B. An investigation of the antimicrobial activity of selected Australian native plant extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;60(3):223-238. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00134-3.

1. Definition Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract:

Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the peach tree. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Peach fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Peach extract also has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Prunus Persica (Peach) Fruit Extract:

Peach fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing peach extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Kim, H. E., Hwang, J. K., & Lee, N. H. (2011). The effects of peach and apricot extracts on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 27(1), 32-39.

- Park, K. M., You, J. S., Lee, H. Y., Baek, E. J., Lee, J. S., & Hwang, J. K. (2013). Peach kernel extract inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and reduces high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 53, 59-67.

- Kim, J. E., Kim, H. E., Hwang, J. K., & Lee, N. H. (2011). The effects of peach and apricot extracts on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine, 27(1), 32-39.

1. Definition Castanea Crenata Shell Extract:

Castanea Crenata Shell Extract is an extract derived from the shells of the Castanea Crenata, also known as the Japanese chestnut tree. This extract is rich in antioxidants, tannins, and minerals, which have been shown to have various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Castanea Crenata Shell Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, which can cause premature aging. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Castanea Crenata Shell Extract:

Castanea Crenata Shell Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%, depending on the formulation and desired effects. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen for optimal results.

4. References:

- Yoon, J. Y., et al. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Castanea crenata shell extract on human keratinocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(4), 618-623.

- Kim, J. H., et al. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Castanea crenata shell extract in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Dermatological Science, 83(3), 159-165.

- Park, S. Y., et al. (2019). Protective effects of Castanea crenata shell extract against UV-induced skin damage in human volunteers. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(2), 87-92.

1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.

2. Use:

Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.

- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.

- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.

1. Definition Fragaria Vesca (Strawberry) Leaf Extract:

Fragaria Vesca (Strawberry) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the strawberry plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Fragaria Vesca Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and improve overall skin health.

3. Usage Fragaria Vesca (Strawberry) Leaf Extract:

Fragaria Vesca Leaf Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% depending on the desired benefits. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Fragaria Vesca Leaf Extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Vostalova J, Galandakova A, Palikova I, Ulrichova J, Dolezal D. The comparison of antioxidant and antiradical activities of phenolic compounds from strawberry and currant fruits. Food Chem. 2012;134(1):128-32. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.207.

- Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Giampieri F, et al. Strawberry-based cosmetic formulations protect human dermal fibroblasts against UVA-induced damage. Nutrients. 2017;9(6):639. doi: 10.3390/nu9060639.

- Naveed M, Hejazi V, Abbas M, Kamboh AA, Khan GJ, Shumzaid M, Ahmad F, Babazadeh D, FangFang X, Modarresi-Ghazani F, WenHua L, XiaoHui Z. Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;97:67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.064.

1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Lavandula Angustifolia plant, also known as true lavender. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Lavender Flower Extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Lavender extract is often used in products such as creams, lotions, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.

3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract:

When using products containing Lavender Flower Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution as lavender can sometimes cause irritation. It is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with lavender extract.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Peana, A. T., D'Aquila, P. S., Panin, F., Serra, G., Pippia, P., & Moretti, M. D. (2002). Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine, 9(8), 721-726.

- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

1. Definition Zinc Pca:

Zinc Pca (Zinc Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid) is a compound that combines Zinc with L-Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and sebum-regulating properties.

2. Use:

Zinc Pca is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is known for its ability to help control excess oil production, reduce acne and blemishes, and soothe irritated skin. Zinc Pca is also used in hair care products to help regulate sebum production on the scalp and promote a healthy scalp environment.

3. Usage Zinc Pca:

When using products containing Zinc Pca, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to their face or body. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of Zinc Pca and gradually increase the usage if needed. Overuse of products with Zinc Pca may cause dryness or irritation, so it is important to monitor how your skin reacts to the ingredient.

4. References:

- Draelos ZD. Essential fatty acids in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(6): 669-673.

- Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Rafiee E, Mehrabian A, Feily A. Skin wound healing and phytomedicine: a review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(6):303-310.

- Brandt S. The clinical effects of zinc as a topical or oral agent on the clinical response and pathophysiologic mechanisms of inflammatory acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(5):542-545.

1. Definition Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract:

Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract is a botanical extract derived from the evening primrose plant. It is known for its rich content of essential fatty acids, including gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which have moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Evening Primrose Flower Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its nourishing and hydrating benefits. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and creams targeting dry or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Flower Extract:

Evening Primrose Flower Extract can be used in various skincare formulations at a recommended concentration of 1-5%. It is typically added during the formulation process and can be combined with other botanical extracts or active ingredients for enhanced benefits. It is important to patch test products containing this extract before regular use to check for any potential sensitivities or allergies.

4. References:

- Lee, J., Jung, E., Lee, J., Huh, S., Kim, Y. S., & Kim, Y. W. (2014). Oenothera laciniata inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(2), 971-979.

- Ruan, J., Jin, J., & Li, J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effect of Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) oil in collagen-induced arthritis. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 62(3), 78-84.

- Senapati, S., & Dey, S. (2017). In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) oil. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(2), 222-225.

1. Definition Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract:

Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract is an ingredient derived from the longleaf pine tree, also known as the southern yellow pine. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract:

Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply a small amount of product containing Pinus Palustris Leaf Extract to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lee, H. S., Kim, M. R., Park, Y. H., & Park, E. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effect of Pinus densiflora bark extract in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(1), 151-157.

- Kim, Y. J., Uyama, H., & Kobayashi, S. (2005). Inhibition of melanin synthesis by pine (Pinus densiflora) extract. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 69(1), 93-99.

- Park, J. H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, Y. S. (2012). Protective effects of pine needle extract against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(6), 2023-2028.

1. Definition Pueraria Lobata Root Extract:

Pueraria Lobata Root Extract, also known as kudzu root extract, is derived from the root of the Pueraria lobata plant, a perennial vine native to East Asia. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-brightening properties.

2. Use:

Pueraria Lobata Root Extract is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its ability to promote skin health and improve overall complexion. It is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help reduce inflammation, protect against environmental stressors, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Pueraria Lobata Root Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Pueraria Lobata Root Extract, it is important to patch test the product first to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with this extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Lee, J., Jung, E., Lee, J., Huh, S., Kim, J., & Park, D. (2008). Anti-inflammatory effects of Pueraria lobata root extract on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 125(2), 286-290.

- Kim, H. H., Park, Y. E., & Kim, D. S. (2013). Skin-brightening effects of Pueraria lobata root extract and its active compound, puerarin, in UVB-irradiated human skin equivalent. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 287-295.

- Liu, R., Wang, M., Duan, J. A., Guo, J. M., Tang, Y. P., & Zhang, J. (2008). Puerarin: a review of pharmacological effects. Phytotherapy Research, 22(7), 831-840.

1. Definition Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is an extract derived from the root of the Ulmus Davidiana tree, also known as the David Elm. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-brightening agents, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skin benefits. It is known to help reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and protect against environmental stressors. Additionally, this extract can help improve skin tone and texture, resulting in a more radiant and youthful complexion.

3. Usage Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this extract as directed by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Lee, Y. H., Kim, J. H., Song, M. Y., & Park, S. Y. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Journal of Life Science, 25(2), 177-183.

- Kim, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, O. Y., & Lee, J. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Life Science, 26(8), 904-911.

- Park, S. Y., Lee, Y. H., Kim, J. H., & Song, M. Y. (2017). Skin-brightening effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica extract in human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 185-192.

1. Definition Calamine:

Calamine is a mixture of zinc oxide and ferric oxide (iron oxide) that is commonly used in skincare products for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known for its pink color and is often used to treat skin conditions such as itching, rashes, and irritation.

2. Use:

Calamine is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products for its calming and soothing effects on the skin. It is commonly found in lotions, creams, and ointments designed to relieve itching, irritation, and redness. Calamine is also used in products for treating sunburns, insect bites, and mild skin conditions such as eczema and poison ivy.

3. Usage Calamine:

When using products containing calamine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Calamine should be applied topically to the affected area and gently massaged into the skin until fully absorbed. It can be reapplied as needed for continued relief of symptoms. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using calamine products to check for any allergic reactions or skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Sahoo, S., & Sahoo, S. (2017). Calamine: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(11), 4579-4587.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Patel, V. R., Dumancas, G. G., Kasi Viswanath, L. C., & Maples, R. (2017). Subchronic Dermal Toxicity of Calamine Lotion in Sprague Dawley Rats. Toxicology Research and Application, 1, 2397847317699206.

1. Definition Mentha Suaveolens Leaf Extract:

Mentha Suaveolens Leaf Extract, also known as apple mint extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Mentha suaveolens plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and refreshing properties.

2. Use:

Mentha Suaveolens Leaf Extract is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and toners for its ability to calm and revitalize the skin. It is known for its cooling sensation and pleasant aroma, making it a popular choice in products designed to refresh and rejuvenate the skin.

3. Usage Mentha Suaveolens Leaf Extract:

Mentha Suaveolens Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including facial masks, serums, and body washes. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide a subtle cooling effect and impart a fresh scent to the product. When using products containing this ingredient, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to avoid using products with high concentrations of Mentha Suaveolens Leaf Extract on sensitive or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Sienkiewicz, M., Lysakowska, M., Pastuszka, M., Bienias, W., & Kowalczyk, E. (2011). The potential use of Mentha spicata essential oil in cosmetic and dermatological formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 62(4), 385-391.

- Martínez, J., Martínez, R., & Martínez, A. (2006). Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. essential oil: isolation of monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 18(3), 319-322.

- Benelli, G., Pavela, R., & Canale, A. (2018). Acute larvicidal toxicity of five essential oils (Pinus nigra, Hyssopus officinalis, Satureja montana, Aloysia citrodora and Pelargonium graveolens) against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus: Synergistic and antagonistic effects. Parasitology International, 67(2), 137-142.

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.

- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.