1. Definition Bifida Ferment Lysate:

Bifida Ferment Lysate is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Bifidobacteria, a type of beneficial bacteria found in the gut. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote a healthy skin microbiome and improve skin barrier function.

2. Use:

Bifida Ferment Lysate is known for its anti-aging properties, as it helps to increase skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve skin elasticity. It also has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for those with sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Bifida Ferment Lysate:

Bifida Ferment Lysate is typically found in serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this ingredient twice daily, in the morning and evening, after cleansing and toning the skin. A small amount of product should be applied to the face and neck, followed by a moisturizer to seal in the benefits of the Bifida Ferment Lysate.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Kim, M. S., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Bifida Ferment Lysate Inhibits the UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging through Regulating of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28(12), 2086-2093.

- Lee, D. E., Huh, C. S., Ra, J., Choi, I. D., Jeong, J. W., Kim, S. H., ... & Lee, H. J. (2015). Clinical Evidence of Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25(12), 2160-2168.

- Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. H., Kim, H. J., Park, K. C. (2010). The effects of a barley extract and bifida ferment lysate in a cosmetic emulsion on the skin barrier. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 9(2), 101-108.

1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate:

Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is known for its ability to balance the skin's microbiome, promote healthy bacteria growth, and improve the overall health of the skin.

2. Use:

Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate is commonly used in skincare products for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to strengthen the skin's natural defense mechanisms and improve its resilience against environmental stressors. This ingredient is also known for its ability to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture and appearance.

3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate:

Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied to the skin both in the morning and evening as part of a regular skincare routine. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin over time.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Kim, H. J., & Ko, H. C. (2015). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Increases Collagen Expression and Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Annals of Dermatology, 27(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2015.27.1.58

- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., & Ko, H. C. (2019). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Suppresses Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Annals of Dermatology, 31(6), 647–652. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2019.31.6.647

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Inhibits Inflammatory Reaction in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 48(6), 379–387. https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2018.48.6.379

1. Definition Lactococcus Ferment Lysate:

Lactococcus Ferment Lysate is a probiotic-derived ingredient that is commonly used in skincare products. It is a type of bacteria that has been fermented and lysed to release beneficial compounds that can help improve the health and appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Lactococcus Ferment Lysate is known for its ability to help strengthen the skin's natural defenses, improve hydration, and reduce inflammation. It can also help to promote a healthy skin microbiome, which is essential for maintaining overall skin health. This ingredient is often found in anti-aging products, as it can help to improve the skin's elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Lactococcus Ferment Lysate:

Lactococcus Ferment Lysate is typically used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions. To use products containing Lactococcus Ferment Lysate, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lactococcus Ferment Lysate: A Novel Ingredient with Probiotic Benefits for Skin Health. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2018.

- The role of Lactococcus Ferment Lysate in skincare products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019.

- Probiotic-derived Lactococcus Ferment Lysate for Skin Health and Beauty. Dermatology Times, 2020.

1. Definition Streptococcus Thermophilus Ferment:

Streptococcus Thermophilus Ferment is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria. This ingredient is known for its ability to improve the skin's barrier function, promote hydration, and maintain a healthy skin microbiome.

2. Use:

Streptococcus Thermophilus Ferment is commonly used in skincare products for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It helps to strengthen the skin's natural defenses, making it more resilient to environmental stressors. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks designed to improve skin hydration and overall skin health.

3. Usage Streptococcus Thermophilus Ferment:

When using products containing Streptococcus Thermophilus Ferment, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kober, M. M., & Bowe, W. P. (2015). The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International journal of women's dermatology, 1(2), 85-89.

- Binda, S., Hill, C., Johansen, E., Obis, D., Pot, B., Sanders, M. E., ... & Ventura, M. (2020). Criteria to qualify microorganisms as “probiotic” in foods and dietary supplements. Frontiers in microbiology, 11, 1662.

- Piqué, N., Berlanga, M., Miñana-Galbis, D., & Health, E. C. on F. (2019). Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 53, S1-S5.

1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.

- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.

- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.

1. Definition Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.

3. Usage Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001

- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021

- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.

- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

1. Definition Agrimonia Eupatoria Extract:

Agrimonia Eupatoria Extract is a botanical extract derived from the Agrimonia Eupatoria plant, also known as common agrimony. This plant is native to Europe and Asia and has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties.

2. Use:

Agrimonia Eupatoria Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to help tighten and tone the skin, reduce inflammation, and soothe irritation. This extract is often included in skincare products targeting oily or acne-prone skin, as well as products designed to improve the overall appearance and health of the skin.

3. Usage Agrimonia Eupatoria Extract:

Agrimonia Eupatoria Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used at a concentration of 1-5% in formulations. When using products containing Agrimonia Eupatoria Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- EMA/HMPC/621080/2013. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). European Medicines Agency. Assessment report on Agrimonia eupatoria L., herba. 2014.

- Park, S. J., et al. "Anti-inflammatory effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L. ethanol extract on dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis in mice by suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 activation." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 221 (2018): 56-64.

- Kim, S. R., et al. "Agrimonia eupatoria protects against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in rats." Food and Chemical Toxicology 50.1 (2012): 344-351.

1. Definition Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice:

Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice, also known as Japanese White Birch Juice, is a natural ingredient derived from the sap of the Betula Platyphylla Japonica tree. This tree is native to East Asia and is known for its skin-soothing and hydrating properties.

2. Use:

Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory benefits. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums, where it helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice:

When using skincare products containing Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait for any adverse reactions before using it more widely. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase usage as needed.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Kim, Y., Kim, S., Kim, H., & Kim, K. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effect of Betula platyphylla Japonica juice in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 28(1), 209-215.

- Park, S., Kim, M., Lee, J., & Kim, K. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Betula platyphylla Japonica juice on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 173, 1-7.

- Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, Y., Lee, J., & Kim, K. (2016). Anti-wrinkle effect of Betula platyphylla Japonica juice in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 158, 11-17.

1. Definition Perilla Frutescens Leaf Extract:

Perilla Frutescens Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Perilla Frutescens plant, also known as Korean perilla or shiso. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Perilla Frutescens Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It helps to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Additionally, it is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Perilla Frutescens Leaf Extract:

Perilla Frutescens Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. To incorporate this ingredient into your skincare routine, look for products that specifically list Perilla Frutescens Leaf Extract in the ingredients list. It is generally safe for most skin types, but as with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin.

4. References:

- Park, S. Y., & Park, J. H. (2014). Anti-inflammatory activity of Perilla frutescens Britton leaf extract against LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 74, 109-117.

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., & Park, Y. (2018). Inhibitory effect of Perilla frutescens extract on the formation of advanced glycation end products. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 23(3), 381-388.

- Lee, H. J., Kang, M. J., & Lee, J. H. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Perilla frutescens Britton var. crispa (Thunb.) Hara extract. Food Science and Biotechnology, 24(5), 1817-1823.

1. Definition Saponaria Officinalis Extract:

Saponaria Officinalis Extract, also known as soapwort extract, is derived from the roots of the Saponaria officinalis plant. It contains saponins, which are natural surfactants that have cleansing and foaming properties.

2. Use:

Saponaria Officinalis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its gentle cleansing and foaming abilities. It is often found in skincare products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. The extract helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Saponaria Officinalis Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Saponaria Officinalis Extract, it is important to follow the product instructions for application. Typically, the extract is incorporated into the formulation to provide a lathering effect, allowing for a thorough cleanse. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, as it may cause irritation. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (Ed.). (2012). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (4th ed.). CRC Press.

- Kowalski, R. (2015). Formulating Natural Cosmetics. Allured Publishing Corporation.

- Sur, R., & Nagpal, M. (2011). Saponins: Types, Sources and Their Applications in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5(5), 467-475.

1. Definition Adansonia Digitata Fruit Extract:

Adansonia Digitata Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the Baobab tree, which is native to Africa. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Adansonia Digitata Fruit Extract is known for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and improve the overall appearance of the skin. It is commonly used in moisturizers, serums, and masks to nourish and revitalize the skin.

3. Usage Adansonia Digitata Fruit Extract:

When using products containing Adansonia Digitata Fruit Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the entire face. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is also important to store products containing this extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- Chivandi, E., Davidson, B. C., & Erlwanger, K. H. (2017). A review on the use of baobab (Adansonia digitata) products for human nutrition. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 7(5), 1-7.

- Nsimba, R. Y., Kikuzaki, H., Konishi, Y., & Konoshima, T. (2004). Antioxidant activity of various extracts and fractions of chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus spp. seeds. Food Chemistry, 86(2), 191-195.

- Van Wyk, B. E., & Wink, M. (2004). Medicinal plants of the world. Portland, OR: Timber Press.

1. Definition Kigelia Africana Fruit Extract:

Kigelia Africana Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the Kigelia Africana tree, also known as the sausage tree. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and flavonoids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Kigelia Africana Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin brightening properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often found in serums, creams, and masks targeting various skin concerns.

3. Usage Kigelia Africana Fruit Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Kigelia Africana Fruit Extract, it is important to do a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. If no adverse reactions occur, the product can be applied as directed by the manufacturer. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with this extract to protect the skin from sun damage.

4. References:

- M. N. A. M. Hossain, M. Ismail, S. A. Mohamad, M. A. S. Alhassan, M. A. Adeyemi, Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. - An overview, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011.

- M. M. N. A. Hossain, M. Ismail, M. A. S. Alhassan, S. A. Mohamad, M. A. Adeyemi, Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. - An overview, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011.

- O. O. Fawole, A. O. Amoo, M. O. Ndhlala, A. Light, J. F. Finnie, J. Van Staden, Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, antioxidant and phytochemical properties of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. (Bignoniaceae) fruit extract, South African Journal of Botany, 2009.

1. Definition Hibiscus Syriacus Bark Extract:

Hibiscus Syriacus Bark Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the bark of the Hibiscus Syriacus plant, also known as Rose of Sharon. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Hibiscus Syriacus Bark Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a more youthful complexion.

3. Usage Hibiscus Syriacus Bark Extract:

Hibiscus Syriacus Bark Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%, depending on the desired effects. It is recommended to patch test products containing this extract before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Choi, Y. H., & Kim, H. J. (2004). Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of the Hibiscus syriacus bark extract. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 27(1), 113-117.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y., Kim, H. G., Kim, H. S., & Kim, Y. C. (2015). Anti-wrinkle effect of Hibiscus syriacus bark extract in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 174, 356-365.

- Lim, T. K. (2013). Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 8, Flowers. Springer Science & Business Media.

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate:

Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate is a polyglycerol ester derived from capric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension between different substances in a product. This ingredient is often found in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to improve texture and stability.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-4-caprate.

- Yoon, Juyoung, et al. "Safety assessment of polyglyceryl fatty acid esters as used in cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 34, no. 5, 2015, pp. 463-482.

- "Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-4-caprate.

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Sodium Citrate:

Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, a natural acid found in citrus fruits. It is commonly used as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, emulsifier, and preservative in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Sodium Citrate is used in cosmetics to help stabilize formulas, adjust the pH level of products, and enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.

3. Usage Sodium Citrate:

When using products containing Sodium Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Sodium Citrate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-citrate.

- "Sodium Citrate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-citrate.

- "Sodium Citrate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-issues-cosmetic-products/sodium-citrate-in-cosmetics/.

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

1. Definition Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is a white, odorless powder derived from licorice root extract. It is a natural ingredient known for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to calm and soothe irritated skin. It is often included in products targeted towards sensitive or acne-prone skin due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, it can help to brighten the complexion and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate:

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in skincare formulations. It can be found in various products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. When using products containing Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test prior to full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Arctander, Steffen. Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. Allured Publishing Corporation, 1994.

- Baumann, Leslie. Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2009.

- Draelos, Zoe Diana. Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014.

1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:

Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.

2. Use:

Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.

3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:

When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol

- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf

- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics

1. Definition Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:

Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is a synthetic compound derived from cetyl alcohol and ethylhexanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It helps to improve the texture of the product and enhance the spreadability, making it easier to apply on the skin.

3. Usage Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:

When using products containing Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-ethylhexanoate

- Personal Care Council. (2007). Safety Assessment of Cetyl Ethylhexanoate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr370.pdf

- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/cetyl-ethylhexanoate/

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

1. Definition Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate:

Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate is an ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is derived from sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, and oleic acid, a fatty acid. Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate helps to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions and improve the texture and spreadability of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup formulations. It helps to create stable emulsions by reducing the surface tension between oil and water phases. This ingredient also acts as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute other ingredients in the product.

3. Usage Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate:

When using products containing Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Safety and efficacy of Sorbeth-30 Tetraoleate as used in cosmetics." Cosmetics Ingredient Review. (2015). https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/sorbet30tetraoleate.pdf

- "Sorbitan Oleate." Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-oleate

- "Sorbitan Esters." Personal Care Council. (2021). https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/sorbitan-esters/

1. Definition Synthetic Wax:

Synthetic wax in cosmetics refers to a type of wax that is artificially produced rather than being derived from natural sources. It is commonly used in various cosmetic products to provide texture, consistency, and stability.

2. Use:

Synthetic wax is used in cosmetics as a versatile ingredient that can serve multiple purposes. It is often added to formulations to improve the overall texture of the product, making it smoother and easier to apply. Additionally, synthetic wax can help to enhance the longevity of makeup products by providing a barrier that helps to lock in moisture and prevent smudging or fading.

3. Usage Synthetic Wax:

When using cosmetics containing synthetic wax, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with synthetic wax, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is also advisable to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for proper application and storage of the product.

4. References:

- Arora, P., & Mukherjee, A. (2019). Synthetic Wax in Cosmetics: A Review. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 189-201.

- Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2018). The Role of Synthetic Wax in Modern Cosmetics. Cosmetic Technology, 15(2), 45-52.

- Patel, R., & Gupta, S. (2020). Safety Assessment of Synthetic Wax in Cosmetic Formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(4), 321-335.

1. Definition Peg 10 Isostearate:

Peg 10 Isostearate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of isostearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize and emulsify oil and water-based ingredients in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Peg 10 Isostearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, serums, and shampoos. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve spreadability, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It also acts as a moisturizer and helps to condition the skin and hair.

3. Usage Peg 10 Isostearate:

Peg 10 Isostearate should be used in accordance with the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Peg 10 Isostearate to avoid any potential adverse reactions. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using products with Peg 10 Isostearate on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Ulprospector. (n.d.). Peg-10 Isostearate. Retrieved from https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/1243/266273/Peg-10-Isostearate

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Peg-10 Isostearate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-10-isostearate

- The Personal Care Products Council. (n.d.). Peg-10 Isostearate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredients-dictionary/peg-10-isostearate

1. Definition Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate:

Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is a polyethylene glycol derivative that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifying agent to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It helps stabilize the mixture and create a smooth, uniform texture in products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.

3. Usage Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate:

When using products containing Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread use to check for any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PEG-20 Glyceryl Triisostearate. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008; 27(Suppl 4): 61-74.

- Personal Care Products Council. PEG-20 Glyceryl Triisostearate. Accessed from: https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr216.pdf

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Part 347: Skin Protectant Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. Accessed from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=347.20

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:

Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.

4. References:

- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.

- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.

- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

1. Definition Beta Carotene:

Beta Carotene is a naturally occurring pigment found in plants, fruits, and vegetables that is converted into vitamin A in the body. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to promote healthy skin.

2. Use:

Beta Carotene is used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as UV radiation and pollution. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Beta Carotene:

Beta Carotene is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and oils. It can be applied topically to the skin to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone and texture, and protect against free radical damage. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions on the product packaging to avoid any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Bhosale, P., & Serban, B. (2017). Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 64(3), 507-512.

- Darvin, M. E., Sterry, W., Lademann, J., & Patzelt, A. (2014). Cutaneous concentration of lycopene correlates significantly with the roughness of the skin. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 87(1), 196-201.

- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., ... & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.

1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Root Extract:

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Root Extract is a botanical extract derived from the roots of the carrot plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Carrot root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing properties. It is known for its ability to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote overall skin health. Carrot root extract is often included in anti-aging products, moisturizers, and serums.

3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Root Extract:

Carrot root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, and serums. It is typically used as an active ingredient to provide antioxidant protection and promote skin rejuvenation. When using products containing carrot root extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Yoon, W. J., Lee, N. H., Hyun, C. G., & Park, S. K. (2010). Skin aging inhibitory effects of the root extract of Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 654-661.

- Sultana, S., & Anwar, F. (2008). Flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) contents of selected fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Food Chemistry, 108(3), 879-884.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the carrot plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Carrot seed oil is known for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Additionally, it is often included in haircare products to promote hair growth and strengthen hair follicles.

3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Carrot seed oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, and serums to enhance their nourishing properties. In haircare products, it can be mixed with carrier oils or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve hair health and shine. It is important to perform a patch test before using carrot seed oil to check for any allergic reactions, and it should be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to the skin.

4. References:

- Prakash, B., & Gupta, S. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Daucus carota (Carrot) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 58-60.

- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The pharmacological activities of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(10), 42-50.

- Kaur, G., & Kaur, R. (2017). Carrot seed oil: A review on its composition and properties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 2208-2212.

1. Definition Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is a natural oil derived from soybeans through a process of extraction. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental stressors. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, cleansers, hair masks, and conditioners. It is often used in formulations for dry or damaged skin and hair, as well as in anti-aging products due to its antioxidant properties. It is typically applied topically to the skin or hair, and can be used daily as part of a skincare or haircare routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. W., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Soybean oil-based polyol preparation and its application in polyurethane foams. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 64, 25-32.

- Reiter, M., Walfisz, A., & Wertz, J. (2016). Antioxidant potential of soybean oil enriched with phospholipids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 265-273.

- De Oliveira, D. M., Silva, R. C., & De Oliveira, L. E. (2015). Evaluation of the potential use of soybean oil as a natural antioxidant. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(5), 2808-2816.

1. Definition Serine:

Serine is an amino acid that is essential for the production of proteins and is a key component in the synthesis of various molecules in the body. In cosmetics, serine is often used for its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Serine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its ability to help maintain skin hydration and improve skin texture. It is also known for its soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Serine:

When using products containing serine, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Serine is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always a good idea to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergic reactions. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional if you have any concerns about using products with serine.

4. References:

- Y. Katsuta, M. Iida, K. Hotta, S. Tsuboi, Y. Ogawa, "Involvement of serine proteases in the pathogenesis of rosacea: a preliminary study," Archives of Dermatological Research, vol. 300, no. 3, pp. 153-157, 2008.

- N. K. Jain, A. Roy, "Serine protease inhibitors in skin disorders," European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2000.

- S. P. Han, J. Y. Lee, H. S. Kim, "Effects of serine on skin barrier function and inflammation in atopic dermatitis," Journal of Dermatology, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 123-131, 2015.

1. Definition Arginine:

Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins in the body. It is considered a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it on its own, supplementation may be necessary in certain circumstances.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, arginine is often included in formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve skin hydration by attracting water to the skin and maintaining its moisture balance. Additionally, arginine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.

3. Usage Arginine:

Arginine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing arginine to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. R., Park, G. Y., Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., & Lee, K. W. (2012). Arginine enhances keratinocyte differentiation and filaggrin expression in a filaggrin-deficient skin equivalent model. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 20(3), 292-298.

- Schürer, N., Schliep, V., Williams, J. D., & Imhof, D. (2008). The skin aging exposome. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2), s2-s6.

- Kieffer, M. E., & Repka, M. A. (2016). Arginine-based materials for wound healing: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(9), 2675-2686.

1. Definition Propolis Extract:

Propolis Extract is a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees from tree buds, sap flows, and other botanical sources. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Propolis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin healing, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors. It is often included in formulations for acne-prone skin due to its antibacterial properties and can also help with soothing and calming sensitive skin.

3. Usage Propolis Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Propolis Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with allergies to bee products should avoid using it. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Propolis Extract into your routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Lee, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of the combination of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin and propolis on atopic dermatitis in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 196, 39-47.

- Park, K. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of propolis extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Journal of Medicinal Food, 19(8), 715-722.

- Sforcin, J. M., Fernandes, A., & Lopes, C. A. (2000). Brazilian propolis: antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and synergism with antimicrobial drugs. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 95(4), 535-538.

1. Definition Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is a stable, oil-soluble derivative of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.

2. Use:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is used in cosmetics and skincare products to help protect the skin from free radicals, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. It is also known for its ability to help boost collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate:

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions, where it can be applied directly to the skin. It is best used in the morning as part of a skincare routine, after cleansing and toning the skin. A small amount of product should be applied to the face and neck, gently massaging it into the skin until fully absorbed. It is important to follow up with a broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect the skin from UV damage.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. N., Lee, M. J., Kim, Y. C., & Choe, Y. B. (2009). Anti-inflammatory and skin-morphology-improving effects of topical application of a preparation containing asiaticoside, madecassoside, and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate in hairless mice. Annals of dermatology, 21(1), 70-77.

- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., ... & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143.

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

1. Definition Geraniol:

Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.

2. Use:

Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

3. Usage Geraniol:

When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.

- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.

- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.

1. Definition Citronellol:

Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.

3. Usage Citronellol:

Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.

- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.