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| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
| 1 | B | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant ) |  Good for dry skin Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents) | Good for dry skin |
| - | - | (Solvent, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling) | |
| 1 3 | A | (Emulsifying, Sufactant) | Cleansing |
| 1 3 | B | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming) | Cleansing |
| 1 | A | (Masking, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent) | Moisturizing |
| 1 | B | (Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming) |  Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing |
| 1 | B | (Hair Conditioning, Surfactant, Cleansing) | Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing |
| 1 | - | (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising) | |
| 1 3 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive) | |
| 1 | A | (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent) | Anti Aging  Bad for sensitive skin |
| 1 | - | (Antioxidant) | |
| 8 | - | (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant) |  Fragrance-free |
| 1 | A | (Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing) | |
| 1 2 | A | Promotes Wound Healing Brightening | |
| 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling) | Bad for sensitive skin  Bad for dry skin  Alcohol |
| 1 | A | (Masking, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Chelating) | |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 2 | B | Bad for sensitive skin  Good for oily skin | |
| 1 3 | - | (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) | Moisturizing |
| - | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | Good for dry skin Anti Aging | |
| 1 | B | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Antioxidant) | |
| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
| 2 | - | (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling) | |
| 1 | B | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | Good for dry skin | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Emollient, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Tonic) | Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| 1 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying) | Cleansing |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing) | Anti Aging Brightening |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting) | |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent) | Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing |
| 1 2 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| 2 3 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant) | Anti Aging |
| 3 | - | (Antistatic Agent) | |
| - | - | (Solvent, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling) | |
| - | - | Propylene 20 | |
| 1 | - | | |
| 1 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent) | Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin |
| 1 | A | (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) | |
| 2 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
| 2 4 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
| 1 | A | (Antioxidant) | Anti Aging Brightening |
Aqua (Water)
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Coco Betaine
1. Definition Coco Betaine:
Coco Betaine is a mild, coconut-derived surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a biodegradable ingredient that helps to create a rich lather and cleanse the skin and hair without causing irritation.2. Use:
Coco Betaine is often used in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and other cleansing products due to its gentle nature. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair, while also providing conditioning properties to leave the skin and hair feeling soft and smooth.3. Usage Coco Betaine:
Coco Betaine is typically used in concentrations ranging from 5-30% in cosmetic formulations. It is known for its ability to increase the foaming and cleansing properties of a product, making it an ideal ingredient for creating luxurious lather in cleansing products. However, it is important to note that Coco Betaine can cause mild irritation in some individuals, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.4. References:
- "Cocamidopropyl Betaine" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2005.
- "Cocamidopropyl Betaine" Environmental Working Group, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701520-COCAMIDOPROPYL_BETAINE/
- "Cocamidopropyl Betaine: A Mild Surfactant" Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2017.
Glycerin
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Butylene
1. Definition Butylene:
Butylene is a type of organic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity controlling agent. It is a colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.2. Use:
Butylene is often used in cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams to help improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to enhance the spreadability of the product on the skin, making it easier to apply and absorb.3. Usage Butylene:
When using products containing Butylene, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Butylene to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.Precautions: While Butylene is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- Paula's Choice Ingredient Dictionary. (n.d.). Butylene Glycol.
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Butylene Glycol.
- The Derm Review. (n.d.). Butylene Glycol in Skin Care.
Glycol
1. Definition Glycol:
Glycol is a type of alcohol commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and preservative. It can come in various forms such as propylene glycol, butylene glycol, and ethylene glycol.2. Use:
Glycol is used in cosmetics to help retain moisture in the skin, making it appear hydrated and supple. It also helps to dissolve other ingredients in the formulation, ensuring a smooth and even application. Additionally, glycol acts as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.3. Usage Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing glycol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face or body. It is also advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure its effectiveness and safety.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2001). Dry skin and moisturizers: chemistry and function. CRC Press.
Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate
1. Definition Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate:
Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is derived from glucose and oleic acid, and its polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain helps to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions.2. Use:
Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate is used in various cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and cleansers to improve their texture, consistency, and overall performance. It helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, ensuring a smooth and uniform application on the skin.3. Usage Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate:
When using products containing Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products containing Peg 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate on broken or irritated skin to prevent potential irritation or adverse reactions.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEG%20120%20Methyl%20Glucose%20Dioleate.pdf)
- "PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate" by Cosmetics Info. (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-120-methyl-glucose-dioleate)
- "PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate" by Truth in Aging. (https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-120-methyl-glucose-dioleate)
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
1. Definition Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate:
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is a mild surfactant derived from sarcosine, an amino acid found in natural sources such as coconut oil. It is often used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foaming agent.2. Use:
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils. Its mild nature makes it suitable for sensitive skin types.3. Usage Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate:
When using products containing Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with known sensitivities or allergies should perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs.4. References:
- "Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-lauroyl-sarcosinate.
- Gao, Y., et al. "Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-lauroyl-sarcosinate.
- "Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-lauroyl-sarcosinate/.
Maltitol
1. Definition Maltitol:
Maltitol is a sugar alcohol commonly used as a sugar substitute in various food and cosmetic products. It is a white, crystalline powder with a sweet taste, similar to sugar but with fewer calories.2. Use:
Maltitol is often used in cosmetics as a humectant, which helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It can also be found in products such as lipsticks, lotions, and creams to provide a smooth texture and enhance the overall sensory experience.3. Usage Maltitol:
When using products containing maltitol, it is important to be aware that some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea, especially when consumed in large quantities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new cosmetic product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.4. References:
- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). "Maltitol." Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). "Maltitol." Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/maltitol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). "Sugar Alcohols in Cosmetics." Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/sugar-alcohols-in-cosmetics/
Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate
1. Definition Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate:
Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and amino acids. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foaming agent.2. Use:
Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate is used in various cosmetic products such as facial cleansers, body washes, shampoos, and hand soaps. It helps to create a rich lather and effectively removes dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without causing irritation.3. Usage Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate:
When using products containing Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/sodium-methyl-cocoyl-taurate.pdf
- "Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate." The Derm Review, 2021. https://thedermreview.com/sodium-methyl-cocoyl-taurate/
- "Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate." The Eco Well, 2021. https://theecowell.com/ingredient/sodium-methyl-cocoyl-taurate/
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
1. Definition Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil that is commonly used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather while being gentle on the skin.2. Use:
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive and dry skin types.3. Usage Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate:
When using products containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with known allergies to coconut oil or sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if irritation occurs.4. References:
- Sivakumar, R., Nandhakumar, S., & Sivasubramanian, S. (2018). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: A Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(12), 4965-4970.
- Kaur, R., & Sharma, S. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of Mild Surfactant-Based Shampoo Containing Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(6), 2013-2018.
- Chaudhary, R., & Sharma, N. (2020). Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 10(4), 124-129.
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6
1. Definition Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that forms a gel-like consistency when hydrated.2. Use:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and viscosity of the product, allowing for easier application and better spreadability on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of ingredients in the formulation.3. Usage Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:
When using products containing Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6
- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6: Functions and Applications" in Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/18674/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6-functions-and-applications
- "Safety Assessment of Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581818783125
Sodium Benzoate
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Caprylyl Glycol
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Citric Acid
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Hydroxyacetophenone
1. Definition Hydroxyacetophenone:
Hydroxyacetophenone is a compound that belongs to the family of phenolic ketones. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its antioxidant properties.2. Use:
Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. It helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, thereby maintaining the quality and safety of the cosmetic formulation.3. Usage Hydroxyacetophenone:
When using products containing hydroxyacetophenone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in small concentrations and should not be ingested or applied to broken skin. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with hydroxyacetophenone to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.4. References:
- Lee, S., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Hydroxyacetophenone as a novel cosmetic preservative. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 25-33.
- De Groot, A. C., & Flyvholm, M. A. (2019). Contact allergy to hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis, 81(4), 267-272.
- European Commission. (2020). Opinion on hydroxyacetophenone. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.
Parfum (Fragrance)
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Polyquaternium 22
1. Definition Polyquaternium 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and film former. It is known for its ability to improve the texture and appearance of hair and skin by providing a soft and smooth feel.2. Use:
Polyquaternium 22 is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and enhance shine. In skin care products, it can be found in moisturizers, lotions, and creams to provide a silky and hydrated feel to the skin.3. Usage Polyquaternium 22:
When using cosmetics containing Polyquaternium 22, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Polyquaternium 22 for the first time.4. References:
- S. R. Srinivasan, S. K. S. S. Sarma, Polyquaternium-22: A versatile polymer in personal care products, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2010.
- M. A. R. Meireles, S. A. G. M. D. S. B. Costa, Polyquaternium-22: A review of its properties and applications in personal care products, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2015.
- K. N. Raju, A. K. Sharma, Polyquaternium-22 in cosmetics: A comprehensive review, International Journal of Cosmetic Chemistry, 2018.
Bisabolol
1. Definition Bisabolol:
Bisabolol is a natural compound found in chamomile essential oil, known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm and protect the skin.2. Use:
Bisabolol is often included in cosmetic formulations for its skin-soothing benefits. It helps to reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin. Additionally, bisabolol has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.3. Usage Bisabolol:
Bisabolol can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations of 0.1-1% in formulations. When using products containing bisabolol, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is generally considered safe for all skin types, but if irritation occurs, discontinue use.4. References:
- Sharifi-Rad, J., et al. (2018). Bisabolol: A monoterpenoid with therapeutic potential. BioMed Research International, 2018.
- Costa, R., et al. (2018). Bisabolol: An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound for potential treatment of age-related macular degeneration. European Journal of Pharmacology, 839, 134-141.
- Zeng, W., et al. (2020). Anti-inflammatory effects of bisabolol in LPS-stimulated macrophages via suppression of the TLR4 pathway. Molecular Medicine Reports, 21(2), 957-964.
Isopropyl Alcohol
1. Definition Isopropyl Alcohol:
Isopropyl Alcohol, also known as rubbing alcohol, is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It is commonly used as a solvent and cleaning agent in various industries, including cosmetics.2. Use:
Isopropyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics as an antiseptic to cleanse the skin before applying makeup or other skincare products. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and bacteria from the skin's surface, making it an essential ingredient in many cosmetic formulations.3. Usage Isopropyl Alcohol:
When using Isopropyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines to avoid any potential side effects. It should be used in small concentrations and not be applied directly to the skin in its pure form, as it can cause irritation and dryness. It is best to use products containing Isopropyl Alcohol as directed by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face.4. References:
- "Isopropyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Uses and Precautions." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-alcohol.
- "Isopropyl Alcohol Safety Data Sheet." ScienceLab.com, www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926483.
- "The Role of Isopropyl Alcohol in Cosmetics." DermNet NZ, www.dermnetnz.org/topics/isopropyl-alcohol/.
Sodium Citrate
1. Definition Sodium Citrate:
Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, a natural acid found in citrus fruits. It is commonly used as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, emulsifier, and preservative in cosmetics.2. Use:
Sodium Citrate is used in cosmetics to help stabilize formulas, adjust the pH level of products, and enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.3. Usage Sodium Citrate:
When using products containing Sodium Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Sodium Citrate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-issues-cosmetic-products/sodium-citrate-in-cosmetics/.
Pentylene Glycol
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract
1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract:
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the lemon tree. It is known for its high content of vitamin C, antioxidants, and citric acid, which provide various benefits for the skin.2. Use:
Lemon fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its brightening and clarifying properties. It helps to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, the antioxidants in lemon extract can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract:
Lemon fruit extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and cleansers. It is often used in formulations targeted towards brightening, lightening, and rejuvenating the skin. When using products containing lemon extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.4. References:
- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., Kim, H. J., Lee, J., & Choi, J. H. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) extract. Food Chemistry, 202, 197-204.
- Kornsteiner, M., Wagner, K. H., & Elmadfa, I. (2006). Tocopherols and total phenolics in 10 different nut types. Food Chemistry, 98(2), 381-387.
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143-146.
Sphingolipids
1. Definition Sphingolipids:
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids that contain a sphingoid base, a fatty acid, and a polar head group. They are essential components of cell membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function.2. Use:
Sphingolipids are commonly used in cosmetics for their moisturizing and barrier repair properties. They help to strengthen the skin's natural barrier, preventing moisture loss and protecting against environmental stressors. Sphingolipids also have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects, making them a popular ingredient in skincare products.3. Usage Sphingolipids:
Sphingolipids can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and creams. They are suitable for all skin types, especially for those with dry or sensitive skin. When using products containing sphingolipids, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008;9(2):139-150. doi:10.1038/nrm2329
- Uchida Y. Ceramide signaling in mammalian epidermis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1841(3):453-462. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.09.011
- Motta S, Monti M, Sesana S, Caputo R, Carelli S, Ghidoni R. Ceramide composition of the psoriatic scale. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993;1182(2):147-151. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(93)90122-v
Sphingomonas Ferment Extract
1. Definition Sphingomonas Ferment Extract:
Sphingomonas Ferment Extract is a bio-fermented ingredient derived from the bacterium Sphingomonas. It is known for its ability to provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits to the skin.2. Use:
Sphingomonas Ferment Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its skin-soothing properties. It helps to calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and protect against environmental stressors. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall appearance and texture of the skin.3. Usage Sphingomonas Ferment Extract:
Sphingomonas Ferment Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and is safe for most skin types. However, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- Lee JH, et al. Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1 genome sequence reveals its biotechnological potential. J Biotechnol. 2011;155(2):167-8.
- Lee JY, et al. Sphingomonas sp. B4, a biodegradative strain isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. J Microbiol. 2011;49(6):1057-8.
- Kwon S, et al. Sphingomonas soli sp. nov., isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2007;57(Pt 7):1520-3.
Tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract
1. Definition Citrus Junos Fruit Extract:
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract, also known as yuzu extract, is derived from the Japanese citrus fruit known as yuzu. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its brightening, hydrating, and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote collagen production for firmer, more youthful-looking skin. In haircare products, yuzu extract can help to nourish and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and smooth.3. Usage Citrus Junos Fruit Extract:
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare and haircare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid irritation, and it is safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing yuzu extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- Kim, J. E., Lee, S. J., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. Y., & Kim, S. H. (2018). Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Citrus Junos in cytokine-activated epidermal keratinocytes. Phytomedicine, 39, 44-52.
- Kim, M. S., Kim, J. E., Yoon, S. J., & Lee, J. H. (2017). Anti-aging effect of Citrus Junos extract on human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(4), 514-519.
- Park, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, D. H., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Brightening effect of Citrus Junos extract on human skin. Journal of Dermatological Science, 82(2), 129-135.
Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate
1. Definition Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate:
Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the oxidation of ingredients and extend the shelf life of products.2. Use:
Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products as an antioxidant to protect against free radicals and environmental stressors. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, sunscreens, and hair conditioners to maintain the efficacy of active ingredients and improve the overall stability of the formulation.3. Usage Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate:
When using products containing Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Final report on the safety assessment of Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate. International Journal of Toxicology, 29(3), 192S-207S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Pentaerythrityl Tetra Di T Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/pentaerythrityl-tetra-di-t-butyl-hydroxyhydrocinnamate
- European Commission. (2019). CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple&search=1&btnSubmit=Submit&searchText=pentaerythrityl+tetra+di+t+butyl+hydroxyhydrocinnamate
Propanediol
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Pyrus Malus (Apple) Juice
1. Definition Pyrus Malus (Apple) Juice:
Pyrus Malus (Apple) Juice is the liquid extracted from the fruit of the apple tree. It is known for its high content of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Apple juice is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve its texture, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Apple juice also contains natural acids that help to exfoliate the skin, leaving it looking radiant and refreshed.3. Usage Pyrus Malus (Apple) Juice:
Apple juice can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including facial serums, moisturizers, masks, and hair treatments. When using products containing apple juice, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic product, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.4. References:
- Choi, S. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2011). Apple juice, apple juice concentrate, and apple juice extract influence acute glucose and insulin responses in healthy subjects. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(9), 1008-1013.
- Kessler, H. S., & Sutherland, J. E. (2014). Apples and apple juice as sources of quercetin and other flavonoids. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(6), 1176-1183.
- Kim, J. H., & Lee, S. H. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of apple juice and apple polyphenols on chronic colitis in mice. Food Chemistry, 169, 289-295.
Prunus Persica (Peach) Juice
1. Definition Prunus Persica (Peach) Juice:
Prunus Persica (Peach) Juice is the liquid extracted from the fruit of the peach tree. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can benefit the skin and hair.2. Use:
Peach juice is commonly used in cosmetic products for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It can help to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and promote a healthy complexion. In hair care products, peach juice can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.3. Usage Prunus Persica (Peach) Juice:
Peach juice can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, masks, shampoos, and conditioners. When using products containing peach juice, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.4. References:
- Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., Noh, E. M., Song, H. K., Ahn, K. S., Kim, Y. S., & Lee, S. J. (2011). Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from Prunus persica L. Batsch. Journal of medicinal food, 14(9), 957-963.
- Gao, H., Guan, C., & Wang, J. (2017). The protective effect of Prunus persica var. nectarina (nectarine) fruit on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food & function, 8(7), 2554-2562.
- Kwon, S., Lee, H. E., Lee, B., Kim, M., Kim, S., & Hong, J. H. (2014). The effect of Prunus persica L. Batsch water extract on the UVB-induced skin photoaging in vitro and in vivo. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 13(3), 159-172.
Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Seed Extract
1. Definition Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Seed Extract:
Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Seed Extract is an extract derived from the seeds of the wheat plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.2. Use:
Wheat seed extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.3. Usage Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Seed Extract:
Wheat seed extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin. It is important to patch test products containing wheat seed extract before use to ensure compatibility with your skin. Individuals with wheat allergies should avoid products containing wheat seed extract.4. References:
- Sharma, S., & Chauhan, S. (2019). Wheat Seed Extract: A Potential Cosmetic Ingredient. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(4), 376-383.
- Kim, S., Kim, J., Kim, H., & Kim, H. (2017). Anti-wrinkle and Whitening Effects of Wheat Seed Extract. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 43(1), 1-6.
- Sahu, A., & Verma, S. (2018). Formulation and Evaluation of a Moisturizing Cream Containing Wheat Seed Extract. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 278-283.
Hordeum Vulgare Seed Extract
1. Definition Hordeum Vulgare Seed Extract:
Hordeum Vulgare Seed Extract is an ingredient derived from barley seeds that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help to nourish the skin and protect it from environmental damage.2. Use:
Hordeum Vulgare Seed Extract is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks for its ability to hydrate and revitalize the skin. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a popular choice for those looking to improve the overall health and appearance of their skin.3. Usage Hordeum Vulgare Seed Extract:
When using products containing Hordeum Vulgare Seed Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is best to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to determine how your skin reacts.4. References:
- R. S. Chandel, A. S. Bhaskar, S. D. Lakshmi, "Barley: A potential source of health benefiting food ingredients and nutraceuticals," Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2018.
- M. J. Halm, J. M. G. Taylor, "Barley Seed Extract for Use in Cosmetic Compositions," US Patent 20100330154A1, 2010.
- S. E. Lee, J. H. Lee, "Anti-inflammatory effects of Hordeum Vulgare Seed Extract in human keratinocytes," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2019.
Panax Ginseng Root Extract
1. Definition Panax Ginseng Root Extract:
Panax Ginseng Root Extract is derived from the root of the Panax ginseng plant, which is known for its numerous health benefits. It is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.2. Use:
Panax Ginseng Root Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote skin hydration, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It is also known to help brighten the skin and even out skin tone, making it a popular choice for anti-aging and brightening products.3. Usage Panax Ginseng Root Extract:
When using skincare products containing Panax Ginseng Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products containing Panax Ginseng Root Extract, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.4. References:
- Lee NH, Son CG. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ginseng. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2011;4(2):85-97.
- Kim S, Shin BC, Lee MS, Lee H, Ernst E. Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chin J Integr Med. 2011;17(12):937-944.
- Kim HG, Cho JH, Yoo SR, et al. Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61271.
Glyceryl Caprylate
1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:
Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.2. Use:
Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:
Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.4. References:
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.
Glyceryl Undecylenate
1. Definition Glyceryl Undecylenate:
Glyceryl Undecylenate is an ester derived from glycerin and undecylenic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent.2. Use:
Glyceryl Undecylenate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and cleansers due to its moisturizing properties. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an ideal ingredient for products targeting dry or sensitive skin.3. Usage Glyceryl Undecylenate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Undecylenate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.4. References:
- "Glyceryl Undecylenate" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-undecylenate
- "Undecylenic Acid" Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/undecylenic-acid
- "Glyceryl Undecylenate" The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-undecylenate/
Niacinamide
1. Definition Niacinamide:
Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.
3. Usage Niacinamide:
Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.
Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.
- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
Squalane
1. Definition Squalane:
Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.2. Use:
Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.3. Usage Squalane:
Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.
Panthenol
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Lecithin
1. Definition Lecithin:
Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.2. Use:
Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.3. Usage Lecithin:
When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.4. References:
- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.
- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.
- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.
Tocopheryl Acetate
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Linoleamidopropyl Pg Dimonium Chloride Phosphate
1. Definition Linoleamidopropyl Pg Dimonium Chloride Phosphate:
Linoleamidopropyl Pg Dimonium Chloride Phosphate is a conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a quaternary ammonium compound derived from linoleic acid, which is known for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.2. Use:
Linoleamidopropyl Pg Dimonium Chloride Phosphate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, making hair and skin soft and smooth. This ingredient also helps to reduce static and frizz in hair, making it easier to manage.3. Usage Linoleamidopropyl Pg Dimonium Chloride Phosphate:
When using products containing Linoleamidopropyl Pg Dimonium Chloride Phosphate, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, as it may cause irritation. If irritation occurs, rinse thoroughly with water and discontinue use. It is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any allergic reactions.4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report of the safety assessment of linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate." International Journal of Toxicology 22.S4 (2003): 1-20.
- "Safety and efficacy of linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate as used in cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review (2003).
- "Linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate." Personal Care Council. Accessed August 2021.
Propylene 20
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Carrageenan
1. Definition Carrageenan:
Carrageenan is a natural ingredient derived from red seaweed, specifically from the Chondrus crispus species. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.2. Use:
Carrageenan is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, making the product easier to apply and enhancing its overall performance.3. Usage Carrageenan:
Carrageenan is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is important to ensure that the product does not contain any contaminants or impurities that could cause irritation or allergic reactions. Individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with carrageenan to check for any adverse reactions.4. References:
- Cox, S., Abu-Ghannam, N., & Gupta, S. (2010). An assessment of the potential of polysaccharide hydrocolloids for cosmetic applications. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(5), 369-387.
- Pereira, L., Amado, A. M., Critchley, A. T., & van de Velde, F. (2009). Polysaccharides from seaweeds. In D. A. Thomas (Ed.), Seaweed in health and disease prevention (pp. 203-225). Academic Press.
- Ngo, D. H., Kim, S. K. (2013). Sulfated polysaccharides as bioactive agents from marine algae. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 62, 70-75.
Xanthan Gum
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Potassium Sorbate
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Phenoxyethanol
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
1. Definition Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate:
Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is a water-soluble derivative of Vitamin C that is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin. It is a stable form of Vitamin C that is less likely to cause irritation compared to other forms of Vitamin C.2. Use:
Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its various benefits on the skin. It helps to protect the skin from free radical damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more even skin tone. Additionally, it can help to boost collagen production and improve the skin's overall texture.3. Usage Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate:
Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions targeted towards brightening and anti-aging. It is best used in the morning to help protect the skin from environmental stressors throughout the day. To use, apply a small amount of product containing Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate onto clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. Follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen for added protection.Precautions: While Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential sensitivity or allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the product instructions and not to exceed the recommended usage to avoid any potential irritation.
4. References:
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593
- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. (2017). The roles of vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866
- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Grichnik, J. M., Zielinski, J., Pinnell, S. R. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826–832. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23768.x
