Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate:
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate is a surfactant derived from olefin, a type of hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate is used in various cosmetic products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them clean and refreshed.
3. Usage Sodium C14 16 Olefin Sulfonate:
When using products containing Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically used by applying the product to wet skin or hair, lathering it up, and then rinsing thoroughly with water. It is advisable to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if contact occurs, rinse immediately with water. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before regular use.
4. References:
- "Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in CosmeticsInfo.org
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in the International Journal of Toxicology
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Shampoo Containing Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate" in the Journal of Cosmetic Science.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant
1. Definition Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine:
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine is a synthetic amphoteric surfactant derived from coconut oil. It is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers due to its ability to create a rich lather and effectively cleanse the skin and hair.
2. Use:
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine is used as a surfactant and foam booster in cosmetic formulations. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them feeling clean and refreshed. Additionally, it can help to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and rinse off.
3. Usage Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine:
When using products containing Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2013)
- "Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook (2016)
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Containing Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine" by S. S. Patil et al. in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (2019)
Other Names: Cocoamidopropyl Betaine; Cocoamido propyl Betaine; CAPB; Cocoyl Amide Propyldimethyl Glycine
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant
1. Definition Cocamidopropyl Betaine:
Cocamidopropyl Betaine is a surfactant derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foam booster.
2. Use:
Cocamidopropyl Betaine is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to create a rich lather, effectively removing dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.
3. Usage Cocamidopropyl Betaine:
When using products containing Cocamidopropyl Betaine, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. While it is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience irritation or reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10632, Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cocamidopropyl-betaine
- Environmental Working Group. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701520-COCAMIDOPROPYL_BETAINE/
- Personal Care Products Council. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/cocamidopropyl-betaine/
Function: Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Bisamino Peg/ Ppg 41/ 3 Aminoethyl Pg Propyl Dimethicone:
Bisamino Peg/ Ppg 41/ 3 Aminoethyl Pg Propyl Dimethicone is a silicone-based compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a synthetic polymer that helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Bisamino Peg/ Ppg 41/ 3 Aminoethyl Pg Propyl Dimethicone is primarily used in hair conditioners, shampoos, and styling products to provide a smooth and silky texture to the hair. It helps to detangle and soften the hair, making it more manageable and easier to style. In skincare products, it can be found in moisturizers, serums, and creams to provide a silky and smooth feel to the skin.
3. Usage Bisamino Peg/ Ppg 41/ 3 Aminoethyl Pg Propyl Dimethicone:
When using products containing Bisamino Peg/ Ppg 41/ 3 Aminoethyl Pg Propyl Dimethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product label. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
Precautions: While Bisamino Peg/ Ppg 41/ 3 Aminoethyl Pg Propyl Dimethicone is generally safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Keep out of reach of children.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Bisamino Peg/ Ppg-41/3 Aminoethyl Pg-Propyl Dimethicone as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2016.
- "Silicones in Cosmetics." Personal Care Products Council, 2019.
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hair Conditioner Containing Amino Silicone Emulsion." International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science, 2018.
Other Names: Na-PCA; NaPCA; PCA-Na; Sodium Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid; Sodium Pyrrolidone Carboxylate; Sodium L-2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate; Sodium DL-Pyrrolidone Carboxylate
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Sodium Pca:
Sodium PCA, or sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, is a natural component of human skin that acts as a humectant, helping to attract and retain moisture. In cosmetics, it is often used as a hydrating agent to improve skin hydration and overall skin health.
2. Use:
Sodium PCA is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its ability to attract and hold moisture in the skin. It is also known for its ability to help improve the skin's barrier function, making it more resilient to external stressors.
3. Usage Sodium Pca:
When using products containing Sodium PCA, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to use products containing Sodium PCA consistently for best results.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: Hydrolyzed silk; Silk Protein; Silk Peptide
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Silk:
Hydrolyzed Silk is a water-soluble protein derived from silk fibers that have been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, conditioning, and smoothing properties.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Silk is often included in skincare and haircare products for its ability to improve the texture and appearance of the skin and hair. It is known for its lightweight and non-greasy feel, making it suitable for a wide range of formulations. In skincare products, it helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and repair damaged hair, as well as improve shine and manageability.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Silk:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Silk, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there is no adverse reaction. As with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin or hair responds.
4. References:
- Y. Liu, X. Zhang, X. Zhou, H. Liu, Y. Li, J. Zhang, J. Huang, "Preparation and characterization of hydrolyzed silk fibroin used as a substrate for retinal pigment epithelial cell culture," Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, vol. 31, no. 16, pp. 2034-2047, 2020.
- M. M. El-Sherbiny, M. Y. El-Maghraby, A. A. El-Kamel, "Hydrolyzed silk fibroin as a substrate for in vitro culture of corneal epithelial cells," Journal of Biomaterials Applications, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1088-1101, 2020.
- H. M. Kim, J. H. Park, "Hydrolyzed silk fibroin as a biomaterial for tissue engineering," Biomaterials Research, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2020.
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Keratin:
Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Keratin is a conditioning agent derived from keratin, a protein that is naturally found in hair and skin. It is a water-soluble form of keratin that has been modified to improve its ability to penetrate and strengthen the hair shaft.
2. Use:
Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Keratin is commonly used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and treatments. It helps to repair and strengthen damaged hair, improve elasticity, and add shine and smoothness to the hair. It can also help to protect the hair from damage caused by heat styling and environmental factors.
3. Usage Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Keratin:
When using products containing Cocodimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Keratin, it is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, damp hair and leave it on for a few minutes before rinsing thoroughly. It is also important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Puglia C, Damiani E, Offerta A, Saija A, Trombetta D. Keratin-based products for skin applications: current research and future trends. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2015 Sep;14(3):201-8. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12164. Epub 2015 Jul 10. PMID: 26162860.
- Rigo L, Beltrame FL, Bona SR, Piazza S, Duarte MM, Santos RC, da Silva CB, da Silva SM, de Oliveira SM, Beck RC, Ourique AF. Keratin hydrolysates from renewable sources: properties and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Prog. 2019 Jan;35(1):e2756. doi: 10.1002/btpr.2756. Epub 2018 Nov 28. PMID: 30324735.
- Magro M, Campos PM. The use of keratin in biomedicine: a review. Curr Drug Targets. 2013 Nov;14(12):1121-30. doi: 10.2174/13894501113149990169. PMID: 23888915.
Function: Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg 150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate:
Peg 150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate, which is a synthetic ester composed of pentaerythritol and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend oil and water-based ingredients.
2. Use:
Peg 150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to stabilize the formulation and improve its texture. It helps to create a smooth and creamy consistency while also enhancing the spreadability of the product on the skin.
3. Usage Peg 150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate:
When using cosmetics containing Peg 150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Peg 150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Pentaerythrityl Tetraoctanoate, Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate, Pentaerythrityl Tetramyristate, Pentaerythrityl Tetrapalmitate, Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate, Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate, Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate, Pentaerythrityl Tetramyristate, Pentaerythrityl Tetrapalmitate, and Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008; 27(Suppl 2):93-112.
- Personal Care Products Council. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition. Washington, DC: Personal Care Products Council, 2016.
- European Commission. CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients and Substances. Accessed at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple on [Date accessed].
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides:
Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides is a mild surfactant derived from a combination of Caprylic and Capric acids and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to emulsify oils and water-based ingredients, allowing them to mix together smoothly. It also acts as a gentle cleansing agent, helping to remove dirt and impurities from the skin and hair.
3. Usage Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides:
When using products containing Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Peg 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides for the first time.
4. References:
- "PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-6-capryliccapric-glycerides.
- "PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-6-capryliccapric-glycerides.
- "PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/peg-6-caprylic-capric-glycerides/.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing
1. Definition Polyquaternium 10:
Polyquaternium 10 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps improve the texture and feel of the product, as well as providing conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.
2. Use:
Polyquaternium 10 is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and body lotions. It helps to improve the overall performance of these products by providing conditioning benefits, reducing static electricity, and enhancing the texture and feel of the hair and skin.
3. Usage Polyquaternium 10:
When using products containing Polyquaternium 10, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, these products are applied to clean, damp hair or skin and left on for a specified amount of time before rinsing off. It is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Polyquaternium-10." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyquaternium-10
- "Polyquaternium-10." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/polyquaternium-10/
- "Polyquaternium-10." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyquaternium-10
Other Names: Stearic acid polyglycol ester; Ethylene distearate; Ethylene Glycol Distearate; EGDS; 1,2-Ethanediyl dioctadecanoate
Function: Opacifying, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glycol Distearate:
Glycol Distearate is a cosmetic ingredient that is derived from stearic acid and ethylene glycol. It is commonly used as an emollient and thickening agent in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Glycol Distearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient to help soften and smooth the skin and hair. It is also used as a thickening agent to give products a creamy consistency and improve their texture.
3. Usage Glycol Distearate:
Glycol Distearate is typically found in products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions. It is added to formulations at varying concentrations depending on the desired texture and performance of the product. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
Precautions: While Glycol Distearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Glycol Distearate to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Glycol Distearate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycol-distearate.
- S. V. Patil, et al. "Glycol Distearate." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glycol-distearate.
- "Glycol Distearate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/cosmetic-ingredient/glycol-distearate/.
Other Names: 2-Methyl-2; 4-pentanediol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Hexylene Glycol:
Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid that belongs to the class of chemicals known as glycols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and humectant.
2. Use:
Hexylene Glycol is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as skincare, haircare, and makeup. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and provide moisturizing benefits to the skin and hair.
3. Usage Hexylene Glycol:
Hexylene Glycol is typically used in concentrations of 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is considered to be safe for use in cosmetics when used as directed. However, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions.
Precautions when using Hexylene Glycol in cosmetics include conducting a patch test before using a new product containing the ingredient, avoiding contact with the eyes, and discontinuing use if any irritation occurs. It is also recommended to store products containing Hexylene Glycol in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability and efficacy.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Hexylene Glycol, Ethoxydiglycol, and Dipropylene Glycol." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 20, no. 3, 2001, pp. 61-75.
- Personal Care Products Council. "Hexylene Glycol." The Personal Care Products Council, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hexylene-glycol.
- PubChem. "Hexylene Glycol." National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hexylene_glycol.
Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing
1. Definition Polyquaternium 11:
Polyquaternium 11 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its conditioning and film-forming properties. It is a water-soluble polymer derived from quaternary ammonium compounds.
2. Use:
Polyquaternium 11 is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to improve the manageability, smoothness, and shine of the hair by forming a thin film on the hair shaft. This film also helps to reduce frizz and static electricity, making the hair easier to style.
3. Usage Polyquaternium 11:
When using products containing Polyquaternium 11, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is generally safe for use in cosmetic products, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Lodeiro, C., et al. (2014). Polyquaternium-11 and Polyquaternium-10: A Comparative Study of Their Interaction with Keratin. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 65(3), 165-177.
- Llamas, M., et al. (2018). Evaluation of the Conditioning Performance of Polyquaternium-11 in Hair Care Formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(5), 479-486.
- Sathish, L., et al. (2020). Polyquaternium-11: A Versatile Polymer for Hair Care Applications. Cosmetic Technology, 26(2), 42-47.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Steareth 4:
Steareth-4 is a polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol, which is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a white waxy solid that helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Steareth-4 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in creams, lotions, and other beauty products. Additionally, it can also act as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities.
3. Usage Steareth 4:
When using products containing Steareth-4, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Steareth-4 as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Steareth-4" on CosmeticsInfo.org
- "Steareth-4" on PubChem
Function: Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14 Copolymer:
Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14 Copolymer is a complex ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a copolymer of two different chemicals - Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone and Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14.
2. Use:
Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14 Copolymer is used in cosmetic formulations to provide conditioning properties to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin and hair soft and smooth. This ingredient is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, as well as in skincare products like lotions and creams.
3. Usage Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14 Copolymer:
When using products containing Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14 Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid contact with eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14 Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel.
- "Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14 Copolymer in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council.
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hair Conditioner Containing Bis-Diisopropanolamino-PG-Propyl Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PEG-14 Copolymer" by a group of researchers in the field of cosmetic science.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Function: Solvent, Humectant
1. Definition Butyloctanol:
Butyloctanol is a type of fatty alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor and is derived from natural sources such as coconut oil.
2. Use:
Butyloctanol is primarily used in cosmetics as a moisturizing agent due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It is commonly found in lotions, creams, and serums to help improve the texture and appearance of the skin. Additionally, it can also act as an emulsifier to help blend different ingredients together in cosmetic formulations.
3. Usage Butyloctanol:
When using products containing Butyloctanol, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical application, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is always advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- S. L. Smith, R. J. Warshaw, "Fatty alcohols and fatty acids," Dermatitis, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 3-6, 2013.
- A. L. Kligman, "Cosmetic dermatitis," in Dermatology in General Medicine, T. B. Fitzpatrick et al., Eds. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993, pp. 317-328.
- J. L. Koo, M. J. Lee, "Cosmeceuticals," Dermatologic Therapy, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 314-321, 2004.
Other Names: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Polysorbate 20:
Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.
2. Use:
Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.
3. Usage Polysorbate 20:
When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20
Other Names: SLES; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate; Sodium Lauryl ether Sulfate; Ethoxylated C12-Sulfate; Sodium Laureth-2 Sulfate
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Sodium Laureth Sulfate:
Sodium Laureth Sulfate is a surfactant and detergent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a type of sulfate that helps to create a foaming lather and cleanse the skin or hair by removing dirt and oils.
2. Use:
Sodium Laureth Sulfate is often found in products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and toothpaste. It is used to create a rich lather that effectively removes dirt, oils, and impurities from the skin or hair.
3. Usage Sodium Laureth Sulfate:
While Sodium Laureth Sulfate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some people may experience skin irritation or sensitivity to this ingredient. It is important to patch test products containing Sodium Laureth Sulfate before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting products containing this ingredient in your eyes, as it can cause irritation.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 23665879, Sodium Laureth Sulfate. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-laureth-sulfate
- Environmental Working Group. Sodium Laureth Sulfate. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706089-SODIUM_LAURETH_SULFATE/
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. Sodium Laureth Sulfate. http://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-laureth-sulfate
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Moisturising
1. Definition Dimethiconol:
Dimethiconol is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a derivative of dimethicone, which is a type of silicone oil.
2. Use:
Dimethiconol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the texture of products and enhance their spreadability. Dimethiconol is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, as well as in skincare products like moisturizers, serums, and primers.
3. Usage Dimethiconol:
Dimethiconol is typically safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for application. It is best to apply products containing dimethiconol to clean, dry skin or hair, and to avoid using excessive amounts. Some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or breakouts from products containing dimethiconol, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a new product.
4. References:
- Lodeiro, M. (2016). Silicone-based polymers for hair care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 361-374). CRC Press.
- Tadros, T. (2018). Emulsion formation and stability. In Formulation Science and Technology (pp. 225-242). CRC Press.
- Lintner, K. (2007). Silicones in personal care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 465-478). CRC Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Tea Dodecylbenzenesulfonate:
Tea Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a surfactant commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a type of anionic surfactant that helps to cleanse the skin by removing dirt, oil, and other impurities.
2. Use:
Tea Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and facial scrubs. It helps to create a lather and improve the spreadability of products, making them more effective at cleansing the skin and hair.
3. Usage Tea Dodecylbenzenesulfonate:
When using products containing Tea Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure that it is suitable for your skin.
Precautions: While Tea Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always important to use products containing this ingredient as directed. Avoid contact with the eyes and rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs. If irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Tea Dodecylbenzenesulfonate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2019.
- "Surfactants in Cosmetics" by R. M. Pearson, 2006.
- "Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Cosmetic Products" by Nava Dayan and Lambros Kromidas, 2011.
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming
1. Definition Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:
Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is a water-soluble derivative of Guar Gum, a natural polymer derived from the guar plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to improve the manageability, softness, and overall appearance of the hair by providing conditioning benefits. It also helps to reduce static and frizz, making the hair easier to style.
3. Usage Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride:
Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is typically used in hair care products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. It is added to the water phase of the formulation and should be thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform distribution. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to avoid potential irritation or adverse effects on the skin or scalp.
Precautions: While Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is considered safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with sensitive skin or scalp may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Sharma, S., et al. (2015). Guar gum: Processing, properties and food applications—A Review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(2), 654-665.
- Lodeiro, C., et al. (2011). Guar gum as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50(11), 6837-6845.
- Prasad, K., et al. (2018). Guar gum: A versatile material for pharmaceutical industry. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(4), 1412-1421.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing
1. Definition Laureth 23:
Laureth 23 is a polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and cleansing agent. It is known for its ability to help ingredients mix together and create a smooth texture in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Laureth 23 is often included in formulations such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners to improve the texture and consistency of the product. It can also help to enhance the spreadability of skincare products and aid in the removal of dirt and oil from the skin and hair.
3. Usage Laureth 23:
When using products containing Laureth 23, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Laureth 23 to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Steinmetz, W. E., & Vogt, T. C. (2016). Surfactants in consumer products: Theory, technology and application. Springer.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2005). Final report on the safety assessment of laureth-23. International Journal of Toxicology, 24(4), 79-94.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Safety Assessment of Laureth-23. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr766.pdf
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: NaOH
Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:
When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ppg 7:
Ppg 7 is a polyethylene glycol derivative that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solvent. It is a synthetic compound that helps to stabilize and blend different ingredients in cosmetic formulations.
2. Use:
Ppg 7 is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and even texture in products such as lotions, creams, and makeup. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhance their overall performance. Ppg 7 also acts as a moisturizer and can help to hydrate the skin when used in skincare products.
3. Usage Ppg 7:
When using products containing Ppg 7, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Ppg 7, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products containing Ppg 7 in sensitive areas such as around the eyes.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 442153, Polyethylene glycol 7. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polyethylene-glycol-7
- Cosmetics Info. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) compounds. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyethylene-glycol-peg-compounds
- Personal Care Products Council. Ppg-7. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ppg-7
Other Names: Pearl Hydrolyzed
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Pearl:
Hydrolyzed Pearl is a cosmetic ingredient derived from pearls that have undergone a hydrolysis process, breaking down the proteins and minerals into smaller molecules. This process enhances the absorption of the nutrients by the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Pearl is commonly used in skincare products for its brightening, anti-aging, and skin-repairing properties. It is known to help improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote collagen production. Additionally, it provides hydration and nourishment to the skin, leaving it looking radiant and youthful.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Pearl:
When using skincare products containing Hydrolyzed Pearl, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Lee, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2011). A novel whitening compound, hydrolyzed pearl, prevents UVB-induced skin pigmentation through inhibition of melanin production. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34(5), 517-522.
- Hwang, J. H., Park, S. H., Choi, Y. S., Kim, D. H., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. M., & Lee, J. Y. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolyzed pearl powder in in-vitro and in-vivo models of atopic dermatitis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 213, 256-261.
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