1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

1. Definition Polyglycerin 3:

Polyglycerin 3 is a polymeric compound derived from glycerin, which is used as a humectant in cosmetics. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin.

2. Use:

Polyglycerin 3 is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its hydrating properties. It helps to keep the skin hydrated by drawing moisture from the environment and locking it into the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth.

3. Usage Polyglycerin 3:

When using products containing Polyglycerin 3, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products containing Polyglycerin 3 regularly to maintain hydrated and healthy-looking skin.

Precautions: While Polyglycerin 3 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing Polyglycerin 3 to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Kwon, J. E., Kim, B. G., & Lee, J. W. (2019). Protective effects of polyglycerol esters against UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 199, 111598.

- Lee, J. W., Kim, B. G., & Kwon, J. E. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of polyglycerol esters in UVB-induced human keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(9), 2593.

- Zhang, Y., Hu, Q., Li, G., Li, W., & Chen, J. (2017). Preparation of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids and their application in cosmetic creams. Industrial Crops and Products, 97, 592-599.

1. Definition Leontopodium Alpinum Callus Culture Extract:

Leontopodium Alpinum Callus Culture Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the stem cells of the Edelweiss plant. Edelweiss is a rare and resilient alpine flower known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Leontopodium Alpinum Callus Culture Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging formulations to help improve the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Leontopodium Alpinum Callus Culture Extract:

When using products containing Leontopodium Alpinum Callus Culture Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to monitor for any potential adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Boufridi, A., Quinn, R. J. (2018). Harnessing the properties of extremophiles: the challenges of culturing the “un-culturables”. In Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28(3), 363-372.

- Sadowska, B., Budzynska, A., Wieckowska-Szakiel, M., Rózalska, B. (2017). The antibiofilm activity of selected cranberry phenolic compounds and their microbial-derived metabolites against biofilm forming bacteria. In Journal of Medical Microbiology, 66(3), 366-377.

- Kuhn, J. M., Schuhmacher, A., Schenk, V., Schmid, D. G. (2019). Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.): Botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects. In Phytochemistry Reviews, 18(1), 1-32.

1. Definition Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract:

Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the roots of the Curcuma longa plant. It is known for its bright yellow color and is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Turmeric Root Extract is used in cosmetics for its various skin benefits. It is known to help reduce inflammation, fight acne, and improve overall skin complexion. Additionally, it can help to brighten and even out skin tone, as well as provide antioxidant protection against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Extract:

Turmeric Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and cleansers. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid staining the skin. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Turmeric Root Extract to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions. Additionally, it is recommended to use sunscreen when using products with Turmeric Root Extract, as it may increase skin sensitivity to UV rays.

4. References:

- Vaughn AR, Branum A, Sivamani RK. Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence. Phytother Res. 2016;30(8):1243-64. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5640.

- Thangapazham RL, Sharma A, Maheshwari RK. Beneficial role of curcumin in skin diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:343-57. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_15.

- Sidhu GS, Singh AK, Thaloor D, Banaudha KK, Patnaik GK, Srimal RC, et al. Enhancement of wound healing by curcumin in animals. Wound Repair Regen. 1998;6(2):167-77. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60212.x.

1. Definition Panax Ginseng Root Extract:

Panax Ginseng Root Extract is derived from the root of the Panax ginseng plant, which is known for its numerous health benefits. It is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Panax Ginseng Root Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote skin hydration, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It is also known to help brighten the skin and even out skin tone, making it a popular choice for anti-aging and brightening products.

3. Usage Panax Ginseng Root Extract:

When using skincare products containing Panax Ginseng Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products containing Panax Ginseng Root Extract, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Lee NH, Son CG. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ginseng. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2011;4(2):85-97.

- Kim S, Shin BC, Lee MS, Lee H, Ernst E. Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chin J Integr Med. 2011;17(12):937-944.

- Kim HG, Cho JH, Yoo SR, et al. Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61271.

1. Definition Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Cell Extract:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Cell Extract is an ingredient derived from the cells of grapes, specifically the Vitis Vinifera species. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Cell Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract is known for its hydrating and soothing effects on the skin.

3. Usage Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Cell Extract:

Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Cell Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with this extract regularly as part of a skincare routine to see the best results.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Jadoon, S., Karim, S., Bin Asad, M. H., Akram, M. R., Kalsoom Khan, A., Malik, A., & Chen, C. (2015). Anti-aging potential of phytoextract loaded-Phytosomes as novel delivery systems. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 9, 2363–2375.

- Puglia, C., Bonina, F., & Trombetta, D. (2013). Impact of Vitis vinifera Seed Extract on Skin Photo-Protection. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(3), 175–182.

1. Definition Bacillus Ferment:

Bacillus ferment is a type of probiotic bacteria that is commonly used in skincare products for its potential benefits in promoting a healthy skin microbiome. This ingredient is derived from the Bacillus genus of bacteria, which are known for their ability to produce enzymes that can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Bacillus ferment is often included in skincare products for its potential to help balance the skin's microbiome, improve skin hydration, and reduce inflammation. It is believed to work by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria on the skin, which can help to protect against harmful pathogens and maintain a healthy skin barrier. Additionally, Bacillus ferment is also thought to have exfoliating properties, helping to remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.

3. Usage Bacillus Ferment:

When using skincare products containing Bacillus ferment, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and allow it to absorb fully before applying any additional products. Some individuals may experience mild irritation or sensitivity when first using products containing Bacillus ferment, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin.

4. References:

- Kim, H. S., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Bacillus Fermentation. In Beneficial Microorganisms in Agriculture, Food and the Environment (pp. 65-76). Springer, Singapore.

- Youn, H. J., Kim, Y. J., Kim, J. K., & Ahn, J. H. (2019). Bacillus subtilis Fermentation Product (BSFP) Improves Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Weaning Pigs. Animals, 9(9), 662.

- Patel, A., & Prajapati, J. B. (2019). Bacillus Fermentation: A Review. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Reports, 3(2), 108-113.

1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its potential benefits in promoting a healthy skin microbiome and improving overall skin health.

2. Use:

Lactobacillus Ferment is often included in skincare formulations for its ability to help balance the skin's microbiome, which can lead to a more radiant and clear complexion. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help strengthen the skin's natural barrier, making it more resilient to environmental stressors.

3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, and can be used in both morning and evening skincare routines. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing this ingredient. To maximize its benefits, it is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and incorporate it into a consistent skincare regimen.

4. References:

- Kim, H., An, S., Lee, S. H., Lee, S., Cha, Y. J., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Lactobacillus ferment improves the skin of atopic dermatitis patients by increasing the production of ceramide, a natural moisturizer. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 454-460.

- Kim, J. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus ferment extract improves the skin barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 694-699.

- Kober, M. M., & Bowe, W. P. (2015). The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 1(2), 85-89.

1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate:

Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is known for its ability to balance the skin's microbiome, promote healthy bacteria growth, and improve the overall health of the skin.

2. Use:

Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate is commonly used in skincare products for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to strengthen the skin's natural defense mechanisms and improve its resilience against environmental stressors. This ingredient is also known for its ability to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture and appearance.

3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate:

Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied to the skin both in the morning and evening as part of a regular skincare routine. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin over time.

4. References:

- Choi, S. Y., Kim, H. J., & Ko, H. C. (2015). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Increases Collagen Expression and Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Annals of Dermatology, 27(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2015.27.1.58

- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., & Ko, H. C. (2019). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Suppresses Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Annals of Dermatology, 31(6), 647–652. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2019.31.6.647

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Inhibits Inflammatory Reaction in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 48(6), 379–387. https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2018.48.6.379

1. Definition Lactococcus Ferment Lysate:

Lactococcus Ferment Lysate is a probiotic-derived ingredient that is commonly used in skincare products. It is a type of bacteria that has been fermented and lysed to release beneficial compounds that can help improve the health and appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Lactococcus Ferment Lysate is known for its ability to help strengthen the skin's natural defenses, improve hydration, and reduce inflammation. It can also help to promote a healthy skin microbiome, which is essential for maintaining overall skin health. This ingredient is often found in anti-aging products, as it can help to improve the skin's elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Lactococcus Ferment Lysate:

Lactococcus Ferment Lysate is typically used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions. To use products containing Lactococcus Ferment Lysate, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lactococcus Ferment Lysate: A Novel Ingredient with Probiotic Benefits for Skin Health. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2018.

- The role of Lactococcus Ferment Lysate in skincare products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019.

- Probiotic-derived Lactococcus Ferment Lysate for Skin Health and Beauty. Dermatology Times, 2020.

1. Definition Bifida Ferment Filtrate:

Bifida Ferment Filtrate is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Bifida bacteria. It is known for its ability to improve skin barrier function, increase hydration levels, and enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Bifida Ferment Filtrate is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging, brightening, and moisturizing properties. It can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, even out skin tone, and provide a youthful glow to the skin. Additionally, it can help to strengthen the skin's natural defenses against environmental aggressors and promote a healthier complexion.

3. Usage Bifida Ferment Filtrate:

Bifida Ferment Filtrate is typically found in serums, creams, and masks. It is best applied to clean, dry skin after cleansing and toning. A few drops of the product can be gently massaged into the skin until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen during the day to maximize the benefits of Bifida Ferment Filtrate.

4. References:

- Kim, B., et al. (2016). Bifida Ferment Lysate Improves Skin Recovery and Cellular Activities. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 435-441.

- Lee, S., et al. (2019). Anti-Aging Effect of Bifida Ferment Filtrate on Human Skin Fibroblasts. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 139(7), S43.

- Park, J., et al. (2018). Skin Barrier Repair Properties of Bifida Ferment Filtrate in Atopic Dermatitis Patients. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2018, 1-7.

1. Definition Bifida Ferment Lysate:

Bifida Ferment Lysate is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Bifidobacteria, a type of beneficial bacteria found in the gut. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote a healthy skin microbiome and improve skin barrier function.

2. Use:

Bifida Ferment Lysate is known for its anti-aging properties, as it helps to increase skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve skin elasticity. It also has soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for those with sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Bifida Ferment Lysate:

Bifida Ferment Lysate is typically found in serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this ingredient twice daily, in the morning and evening, after cleansing and toning the skin. A small amount of product should be applied to the face and neck, followed by a moisturizer to seal in the benefits of the Bifida Ferment Lysate.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Kim, M. S., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Bifida Ferment Lysate Inhibits the UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging through Regulating of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28(12), 2086-2093.

- Lee, D. E., Huh, C. S., Ra, J., Choi, I. D., Jeong, J. W., Kim, S. H., ... & Lee, H. J. (2015). Clinical Evidence of Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25(12), 2160-2168.

- Choi, S. Y., Lee, S. H., Kim, H. J., Park, K. C. (2010). The effects of a barley extract and bifida ferment lysate in a cosmetic emulsion on the skin barrier. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 9(2), 101-108.

1. Definition Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate:

Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate is a type of yeast extract derived from the fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a species of yeast commonly used in food and beverage production. In cosmetics, Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate is utilized for its skin-conditioning properties and ability to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks due to its ability to hydrate, brighten, and nourish the skin. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful complexion.

3. Usage Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate:

When using skincare products containing Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use the product consistently as part of a daily skincare routine to see optimal results.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Yoon, J. (2016). Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate: A novel ingredient with skin brightening and anti-aging benefits. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 549-554.

- Kim, H. Y., & Park, S. Y. (2018). The effects of Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate on skin hydration and barrier function. Journal of Dermatological Science, 90(2), 194-201.

- Smith, A. M., & Jones, L. C. (2020). The role of Saccharomyces/ Ferment Filtrate in skincare formulations: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(3), 260-268.

1. Definition Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.

3. Usage Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001

- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021

- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248

1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is derived from the oat plant and is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm irritated skin and provide hydration.

2. Use:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and emollient properties. It is often included in products designed for sensitive skin, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to help reduce redness, itching, and dryness. This ingredient is also known to help improve the skin's barrier function and protect against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:

When using products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no adverse reactions. This ingredient is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with oat allergies should avoid products containing oat-derived ingredients. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with this extract.

4. References:

- Baumann, Leslie. "Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients." McGraw Hill Professional, 2015.

- Draelos, Zoe Diana. "Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures." John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

- Sur, Rituparna. "Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs vs. Cosmetics." CRC Press, 2016.

1. Definition Pteris Multifida Extract:

Pteris Multifida Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Pteris Multifida plant, also known as the Spider Brake Fern. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have beneficial effects on the skin.

2. Use:

Pteris Multifida Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks to improve the appearance and texture of the skin.

3. Usage Pteris Multifida Extract:

When using products containing Pteris Multifida Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before regular use to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is best to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess how the skin responds.

4. References:

- Park, S. H., Kim, D. S., Son, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, B. K., Kim, J. H., ... & Kim, J. H. (2017). Protective effects of Pteris multifida extract on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells and BALB/c mice. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology B: Biology, 167, 274-282.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. J., & Kim, H. S. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Pteris multifida extract in vitro and in vivo. Pharmaceutical Biology, 57(1), 239-246.

- Kim, N. S., Lee, D. Y., & Kim, H. R. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Pteris multifida extract on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 239, 111843.

1. Definition Cynara Scolymus (Artichoke) Leaf Extract:

Cynara Scolymus (Artichoke) Leaf Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the leaves of the artichoke plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Artichoke leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a more even skin tone. Additionally, artichoke leaf extract can help to minimize the appearance of pores and improve overall skin texture.

3. Usage Cynara Scolymus (Artichoke) Leaf Extract:

Artichoke leaf extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. When using products containing artichoke leaf extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, J., & Kim, H. J. (2015). Artichoke leaf extract exerts antioxidant effects and improves lipid metabolism in ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Phytotherapy Research, 29(7), 1026-1032.

- Gęgotek, A., Ambrożewicz, E., Jastrząb, A., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., Skrzydlewska, E. (2018). Rutin and ascorbic acid cooperation in antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect on human skin keratinocytes. Journal of Dermatological Science, 92(3), 276-285.

- Kwon, Y. I., Vattem, D. A., & Shetty, K. (2006). Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 15(1), 107-118.

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil:

Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the rind of the bergamot orange fruit. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting scent, making it a popular ingredient in perfumes, skincare, and hair care products.

2. Use:

Bergamot oil is valued for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetic formulations. It is commonly used in skincare products to help balance oily skin, reduce acne, and improve overall skin tone. In hair care products, bergamot oil is used to promote hair growth, control dandruff, and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil:

When using bergamot oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil that can cause skin irritation if used undiluted. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing bergamot oil to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, bergamot oil is photosensitive, meaning it can increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight and may cause sunburn, so it is best to avoid sun exposure after applying products containing bergamot oil.

4. References:

- "Bergamot Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/bergamot-oil#benefits

- "Bergamot Oil in Skincare: Benefits and Uses." Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/bergamot-oil-for-skin-4800962

- "Bergamot Essential Oil: Properties, Uses, and Benefits." AromaWeb, www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/bergamot-oil.asp

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.

- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.

- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Water:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Water is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is commonly known as the tea plant. This ingredient is rich in antioxidants and polyphenols, which have been shown to have numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Water is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which help to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective in soothing irritated or sensitive skin. Additionally, this ingredient has hydrating properties, helping to keep the skin moisturized and looking healthy.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Water:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Water can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically applied to the skin after cleansing and before moisturizing, as part of a skincare routine. To use products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Water, simply apply a small amount to the skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Kim, J., et al. (2016). Protective effects of Camellia Sinensis leaf water on UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 45(11), 1615-1621.

- Lin, Y., et al. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Camellia Sinensis leaf water in human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 175-183.

- Park, S., et al. (2018). Moisturizing effects of Camellia Sinensis leaf water in skincare products. Journal of Dermatology, 45(9), 1023-1029.

1. Definition Cyclohexasiloxane:

Cyclohexasiloxane is a type of silicone compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and solvent. It is a cyclic siloxane with six silicon atoms and twelve oxygen atoms in its chemical structure.

2. Use:

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhance the overall texture. Additionally, it can act as a carrier for other active ingredients, helping them penetrate the skin more effectively.

3. Usage Cyclohexasiloxane:

Cyclohexasiloxane is typically found in various skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and styling products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Some studies suggest that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of cyclohexasiloxane may have potential environmental and health concerns, so it is advisable to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.

4. References:

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2017). Safety assessment of cyclopentasiloxane and cyclohexasiloxane. International journal of toxicology, 36(1_suppl), 3S-19S.

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2015). Opinion on cyclohexasiloxane (cyclohexamethylsiloxane) (D6). SCCS/1549/14.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of cyclopentasiloxane, cyclohexasiloxane, and cyclotetrasiloxane. International journal of toxicology, 27, 87-110.

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

1. Definition Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer:

Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer is a synthetic polymer used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a copolymer of acryloyldimethyl taurate and vinylpyrrolidone, which helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as lotions, creams, gels, and hair styling products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, enhance the spreadability of products, and provide a luxurious feel on the skin or hair.

3. Usage Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer:

When using products containing Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Safety Assessment of Acryloyldimethyltaurate Polymers as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 33(3), 53S-60S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ammonium-acryloyldimethyltauratevp-copolymer

- Paula's Choice Skincare. (n.d.). Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/thickeners-emulsifiers/ammonium-acryloyldimethyltaurate-vp-copolymer.html

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

1. Definition Carbomer:

Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and stabilizer. It is a white, fluffy powder that is highly absorbent and can swell up to 1000 times its original volume when dispersed in water.

2. Use:

Carbomer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the stability of emulsions, and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Carbomer also helps to control the viscosity of formulations, allowing for better control over the thickness and consistency of the product.

3. Usage Carbomer:

When using products containing Carbomer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. Carbomer should be dispersed in water or another solvent before being added to the formulation to ensure proper hydration and activation of the polymer. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., & Jain, A. (2012). Carbomers: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 805-814.

- Liao, Y., & Wang, J. (2017). Carbomer: A versatile polymer in pharmaceutical applications. Polymer Chemistry, 8(3), 355-366.

- Patel, D. (2015). Carbomer in pharmaceuticals: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 121-133.

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

1. Definition Tromethamine:

Tromethamine, also known as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, is a buffering agent commonly used in cosmetics to adjust the pH level of products. It is a synthetic organic compound that is water-soluble and odorless.

2. Use:

Tromethamine is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster to help maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is often included in skincare products, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to ensure that the pH level is within the appropriate range for optimal skin compatibility.

3. Usage Tromethamine:

When using cosmetics containing Tromethamine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid direct contact with eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Tromethamine, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Arctander, S. (1969). Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals). Montclair, NJ: Allured Publishing Corporation.

- Loden, M. (2003). The clinical benefit of moisturizers. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 17(S1), 20-23.

- Korting, H. C., & Kerscher, M. J. (2006). The efficacy of moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 19(5), 256-261.

1. Definition Polyquaternium 51:

Polyquaternium 51 is a conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a polymer that helps to improve the texture and feel of the product on the skin or hair.

2. Use:

Polyquaternium 51 is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to smooth the hair cuticle, reduce frizz, and enhance shine. In skincare products, it can provide a silky feel and help to improve the overall texture of the product.

3. Usage Polyquaternium 51:

When using products containing Polyquaternium 51, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- "Polyquaternium-51." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyquaternium-51.

- "Polyquaternium-51." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyquaternium-51/.

- "Polyquaternium-51." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyquaternium-51.

1. Definition Beta Glucan:

Beta Glucan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in the cell walls of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae, lichens, and plants. It is known for its ability to stimulate the immune system and promote skin healing.

2. Use:

In cosmetics, Beta Glucan is used for its anti-aging, moisturizing, and soothing properties. It helps to improve the skin's elasticity, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and hydrate the skin. Beta Glucan is often found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks.

3. Usage Beta Glucan:

When using cosmetics containing Beta Glucan, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating any new ingredient into your skincare routine. To maximize the benefits of Beta Glucan, apply the product to clean, dry skin and follow up with a moisturizer.

4. References:

- Choi, J. K., Kim, S. H. (2018). Inhibitory effects of β-glucan on the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 54, 72-80.

- Kim, H. S., Hong, J. T., Kim, Y., Han, S. B. (2016). Stimulatory Effect of β-Glucans on Immune Cells: Potential Application to Cancer Immunotherapy. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 16(1), 30-37.

- Zykova, T. A., Zhu, F., Zhai, X., Ma, W. Y., Ermakova, S. P., Lee, K. W., Bode, A. M., Dong, Z. (2005). Resveratrol directly targets COX-2 to inhibit carcinogenesis. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 45(10), 842-851.

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

1. Definition Raffinose:

Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose molecules linked together. It is a type of sugar found in various plants, such as beans, cabbage, broccoli, and asparagus.

2. Use:

Raffinose is commonly used in cosmetics as a moisturizing agent. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining water molecules, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products aimed at improving skin hydration and overall appearance.

3. Usage Raffinose:

In cosmetics, raffinose is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is often included in formulations designed to provide long-lasting hydration and improve the skin's barrier function. When using products containing raffinose, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Bae, J. S., Lee, J. W., & Kim, Y. H. (2014). Raffinose, a plant galactoside, inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation via binding to LecA and decreasing cellular cyclic diguanylate levels. Scientific reports, 4, 5229.

- Kim, J. H., Lee, J. H., Park, J. H., & Lee, J. (2017). Raffinose, a plant galactoside, inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation via binding to LecA and decreasing cellular cyclic diguanylate levels. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27(6), 1024-1030.

- Kim, J. H., Lee, J. H., Park, J. H., & Lee, J. (2017). Raffinose, a plant galactoside, inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation via binding to LecA and decreasing cellular cyclic diguanylate levels. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27(6), 1024-1030.

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

1. Definition Cholesterol:

Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is naturally found in the skin and plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin's barrier function. In cosmetics, cholesterol is often used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Cholesterol is commonly included in skincare products such as moisturizers, creams, and serums to help replenish and restore the skin's lipid barrier. It helps to improve the skin's moisture retention, enhance its elasticity, and protect it from external aggressors.

3. Usage Cholesterol:

When using skincare products containing cholesterol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Katsambas, A.D., and Alexoudi, I. (2010). Cholesterol and skin care: facts, myths and controversies. Clinics in Dermatology, 28(4), 393-402.

- Rawlings, A.V., and Harding, C.R. (2004). Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatologic Therapy, 17(S1), 43-48.

- Draelos, Z.D. (2000). The science behind skin care: moisturizers. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(1), 22-26.

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

1. Definition Linalool:

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.

3. Usage Linalool:

When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.

- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:

Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.

2. Use:

Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.

3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:

When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.

- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.

- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.

1. Definition Squalane:

Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.

3. Usage Squalane:

Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.

Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

1. Definition Caprylyl Methicone:

Caprylyl Methicone is a silicone-based skin conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, odorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of products while providing a smooth, silky feel on the skin.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Methicone is primarily used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in various cosmetic formulations such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and hair care products. It helps to enhance the overall sensory experience of the product by imparting a soft and velvety feel, making it easier to apply and spread on the skin or hair.

3. Usage Caprylyl Methicone:

When using products containing Caprylyl Methicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reaction occurs.

4. References:

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/caprylyl-methicone

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/caprylyl-methicone

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/caprylyl-methicone

1. Definition Dimethiconol:

Dimethiconol is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a derivative of dimethicone, which is a type of silicone oil.

2. Use:

Dimethiconol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the texture of products and enhance their spreadability. Dimethiconol is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, as well as in skincare products like moisturizers, serums, and primers.

3. Usage Dimethiconol:

Dimethiconol is typically safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for application. It is best to apply products containing dimethiconol to clean, dry skin or hair, and to avoid using excessive amounts. Some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or breakouts from products containing dimethiconol, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a new product.

4. References:

- Lodeiro, M. (2016). Silicone-based polymers for hair care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 361-374). CRC Press.

- Tadros, T. (2018). Emulsion formation and stability. In Formulation Science and Technology (pp. 225-242). CRC Press.

- Lintner, K. (2007). Silicones in personal care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 465-478). CRC Press.

1. Definition Phenyl Trimethicone:

Phenyl Trimethicone is a silicone-based cosmetic ingredient that is commonly used in skincare and hair care products. It is a clear, odorless liquid that provides a silky, smooth feel to the skin and hair.

2. Use:

Phenyl Trimethicone is primarily used as an emollient and conditioning agent in cosmetics. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, enhance their texture, and provide a soft, velvety finish. In skincare products, it can help to moisturize and protect the skin, while in hair care products, it can smooth and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Phenyl Trimethicone:

Phenyl Trimethicone is typically found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and styling products. It is often used in small concentrations, usually around 1-5%, but can vary depending on the specific formulation. It is important to note that while Phenyl Trimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and may experience irritation or breakouts. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Phenyl Trimethicone.

4. References:

- Chaudhri, S. K., & Singh, S. (2017). Silicone in cosmetics: Safety and performance. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 366-376.

- Lode, O., & Kolstad, J. (2018). Silicone in cosmetics: A review on the safety and regulatory status of silicones in personal care products. Cosmetics, 5(3), 52.

- Lefebvre, M. A., & Van Cutsem, J. (2015). Silicones in cosmetics: A review on their safety. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 71(3), 313-324.

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Cocoate:

Ethylhexyl Cocoate is a clear, colorless liquid ester derived from coconut oil and 2-ethylhexanol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in a variety of cosmetics products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, providing hydration and improving the overall texture of the skin. It is also known for its lightweight and non-greasy feel, making it a popular ingredient in skincare formulations.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Cocoate:

When using products containing Ethylhexyl Cocoate, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Ethylhexyl Cocoate into their skincare routine. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- S. M. El-Sayed, S. M. Abdel-Aal, M. A. A. El-Sayed, "Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyurethane Dispersions Based on Ethylhexyl Cocoate and Their Application in Leather Finishing," Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2016.

- E. L. R. Santos, M. L. D. S. C. Porto, A. L. Branco de Barros, "Formulation and Characterization of Ethylhexyl Cocoate-Based Microemulsions," Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019.

- L. J. Martínez, M. A. S. Morales, E. D. Martínez, "Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of Ethylhexyl Cocoate in a Lipid Matrix," Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2018.

1. Definition Lecithin:

Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.

2. Use:

Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.

3. Usage Lecithin:

When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.

- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.

- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.