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| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents) |  Good for dry skin |
| 3 | A | (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) |  Silicone |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant ) | Good for dry skin Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| 1 | A | (Emollient, Emulsifying) |  Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing |
| 1 2 | - | (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Antioxidant) | Anti Aging Brightening |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| - | - | (Skin Protecting, Antioxidant) | Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Absorbent, Bulking Agent) | |
| 1 | A |  Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger | |
| 1 | A | (Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier) | Moisturizing  Không tốt cho dưỡng ẩm en Không tốt cho làm sạch en Dung môi nước en Dung môi cồn en Dung môi dầu en Dung môi gel en Dung môi hữu cơ en Dung môi Silicone en Dung môi Este en Dung môi Glycol Ether en |
| 1 | A | (Viscosity Increasing Agent, Skin Protecting, Abrasive, Absorbent) | Bad for oily skin Moisturizing |
| 1 2 | - | (Masking, Fragrance) | |
| 1 | - | (Emollient) | |
| 4 6 | B |  Bad for sensitive skin  Fragrance-free | |
| 5 | B | (Skin Conditioning) | Fragrance-free |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Tonic) | |
| - | - | | |
| 1 | B | (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) | |
| 3 | B | (Denaturant , Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing |
| 2 | A | (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning) | |
| 2 | A | (Chelating Agent) | |
| 2 4 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
| 1 2 | B | (Preservative, Cosmetic Biocide) | |
| 3 | A | (Surfactant) | Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing |
| 1 3 | B | (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing) | Cleansing |
| 1 3 | B | (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Sufactant) | Cleansing |
| 2 4 | A | (Preservative, Antioxidant, Reducing) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent) | Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin |
| 1 4 | B | (Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent) | |
| 1 3 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive) | |
| 2 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
| 1 | B | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Emollient) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant ) | Good for dry skin Moisturizing |
| 2 | - | (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling) | |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents) | Good for dry skin |
| 1 | A | (Solvent) | |
| 1 3 | A | (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent) | Silicone Moisturizing |
| 2 | B | (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming) | |
| 1 | - | (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming) | |
| 1 | B | (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent) | Good for dry skin |
| 1 | - | (Antioxidant) | |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 2 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| 1 4 | B | (Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent) | |
| 2 3 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant) | Anti Aging |
| 1 | A | (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Moisturising) | Promotes Wound Healing Moisturizing |
| 1 | - | (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Hair Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Humectant, Skin Conditioning) | Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing |
| 1 | - | (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning) | Promotes Wound Healing |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Humectant) | |
Water
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Butylene Glycol
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Cyclopentasiloxane
1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.2. Use:
Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:
When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.
- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.
- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.
Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Glycerin
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Cetyl Alcohol
1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:
Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.2. Use:
Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.4. References:
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)
- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)
Glyceryl Stearate
1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:
Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.2. Use:
Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare
Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer
1. Definition Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer:
Acrylamide/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a combination of acrylamide and sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, which helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in skincare products.2. Use:
Acrylamide/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including moisturizers, sunscreens, serums, and lotions. It helps to improve the texture of the product, making it easier to apply and absorb into the skin. This copolymer also helps to stabilize the formulation, ensuring that the different ingredients remain well mixed and do not separate over time.3. Usage Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer:
When using products containing Acrylamide/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This copolymer is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. Additionally, avoid contact with the eyes and mouth, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of acrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 46S-66S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2018). Safety Assessment of Acrylamide/Sodium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Ingredient Review.
- Loretz, L. J., Api, A. M., Barraj, L. M., Burdick, J., Davis de Borba, B., Dressler, W. E., ... & Wilcox, D. K. (2005). Exposure data for personal care products: hairspray, spray perfume, liquid foundation, shampoo, body wash, and solid antiperspirant. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(2), 279-289.
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract
1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract:
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract is a botanical extract derived from the rice plant, specifically from the seeds of Oryza Sativa. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that are beneficial for the skin.2. Use:
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin brightening and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce pigmentation, and promote a more even complexion. Additionally, it has moisturizing and soothing effects on the skin, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract:
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To incorporate it into your skincare routine, apply products containing Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract onto clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product instructions.4. References:
- Lee, H. S., Kim, Y. H., & Kim, S. Y. (2011). Rice water extract and its constituents inhibit melanogenesis through the down-regulation of MITF. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 75(3), 489-493.
- Jung, S. H., Kim, S. K., & Kim, Y. K. (2015). Anti-wrinkle and skin-moisturizing effects of rice extract. International journal of cosmetic science, 37(6), 579-585.
- Yoon, H. S., Hyun, C. G., & Kim, S. J. (2009). Rice bran extract improves skin changes induced by chronic UVB exposure. Journal of cosmetic science, 60(3), 321-328.
Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract
1. Definition Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract:
Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is an extract derived from the common daisy flower, known for its soothing and calming properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.2. Use:
Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is often included in skincare formulations to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation. It is also known for its brightening and skin-toning properties, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting uneven skin tone or hyperpigmentation.3. Usage Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract:
Bellis Perennis (Daisy) Flower Extract is typically found in creams, serums, lotions, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or incorporated into various skincare products. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- Kim, M., Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Bellis perennis on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 37(3), 248-253.
- Kim, S., Kim, M., & Lee, H. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Bellis perennis on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(4), 420-426.
- Park, J., Yoo, J., & Lee, H. (2018). Skin-brightening effects of Bellis perennis extract in human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 39-45.
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
1. Definition Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate:
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate is a stable derivative of Vitamin C, commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to brighten the skin.2. Use:
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate is often included in cosmetic formulations to help protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. It is also known for its ability to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation.3. Usage Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate:
When using skincare products containing Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of product is applied to clean, dry skin in the morning or evening, depending on the specific product recommendations. It is important to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Vitamin C derivatives to protect the skin from potential sensitivity to sunlight.4. References:
- Telang, P. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593
- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. (2017). The roles of Vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866
- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. Y. Z. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the skin: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 10(7), 14–17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605218/
Hydrolyzed Pearl
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Pearl:
Hydrolyzed Pearl is a cosmetic ingredient derived from pearls that have undergone a hydrolysis process, breaking down the proteins and minerals into smaller molecules. This process enhances the absorption of the nutrients by the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Pearl is commonly used in skincare products for its brightening, anti-aging, and skin-repairing properties. It is known to help improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote collagen production. Additionally, it provides hydration and nourishment to the skin, leaving it looking radiant and youthful.3. Usage Hydrolyzed Pearl:
When using skincare products containing Hydrolyzed Pearl, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.4. References:
- Lee, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2011). A novel whitening compound, hydrolyzed pearl, prevents UVB-induced skin pigmentation through inhibition of melanin production. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34(5), 517-522.
- Hwang, J. H., Park, S. H., Choi, Y. S., Kim, D. H., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. M., & Lee, J. Y. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolyzed pearl powder in in-vitro and in-vivo models of atopic dermatitis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 213, 256-261.
- Wu, X., Li, L., Li, Y., Liu, Y., & Ma, Y. (2017). Preparation and evaluation of hydrolyzed pearl powder as a novel anti-aging ingredient in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(3), 371-378.
Hydrolyzed Verbascum Thapsus Flower
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Verbascum Thapsus Flower:
Hydrolyzed Verbascum Thapsus Flower is a natural ingredient derived from the common mullein plant. It undergoes a hydrolysis process to break down its molecules into smaller components, making it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize its beneficial properties.2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Verbascum Thapsus Flower is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging.3. Usage Hydrolyzed Verbascum Thapsus Flower:
Hydrolyzed Verbascum Thapsus Flower can be found in a variety of skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks. It is typically included in formulations designed for sensitive or reactive skin types, as well as products targeting anti-aging concerns. To use, simply apply the product containing the ingredient to clean skin as directed by the product instructions.4. References:
- Kaur, I. P., Saini, A., & Singh, R. (2016). Mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.): A review of its botany, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 180, 23-41.
- Ghorbani, A. (2019). Razi’s Al-Hawi and the treatment of kidney stones. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 9(4), 334-336.
- Gudej, J., & Tomczyk, M. (2004). Determination of flavonoids, tannins and ellagic acid in leaves from Rubus L. species and their significance for taxonomy. Phytochemical Analysis, 15(5), 291-301.
Dextrin
1. Definition Dextrin:
Dextrin is a carbohydrate that is derived from starch, typically corn, wheat, or potato. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as a binding agent, emulsifier, or thickener.2. Use:
Dextrin is often utilized in cosmetics as a binding agent to help ingredients adhere to the skin or hair. It can also be found in hair products to provide hold and structure. Additionally, dextrin is used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. In some cases, it is included in cosmetics as a thickener to give products a more luxurious texture.3. Usage Dextrin:
When using cosmetics containing dextrin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing dextrin to a larger area of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Dextrin in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/dextrin
- "The Role of Dextrin in Cosmetic Formulations" by Cosmetics & Toiletries, https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/haircare/The-Role-of-Dextrin-in-Cosmetic-Formulations-574049311.html
- "Dextrin: The Versatile Cosmetic Ingredient" by Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/10167/dextrin-the-versatile-cosmetic-ingredient
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter
1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.2. Use:
Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.4. References:
- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.
- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.
- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.
Kaolin
1. Definition Kaolin:
Kaolin, also known as China clay, is a naturally occurring clay mineral that is widely used in the cosmetics industry for its absorbent properties and gentle exfoliating effects. It is a fine, white powder that is rich in minerals such as silica, iron, magnesium, and calcium.2. Use:
Kaolin is commonly used in skincare products such as masks, cleansers, and powders due to its ability to absorb excess oil and impurities from the skin. It is also known for its soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive and acne-prone skin types. Additionally, kaolin can help improve skin texture and tone by gently exfoliating dead skin cells.3. Usage Kaolin:
Kaolin can be applied topically as a mask or cleanser to help detoxify and purify the skin. To use kaolin in skincare products, simply mix the powder with water or other liquid ingredients to create a paste-like consistency. Apply the mixture to clean, dry skin and leave it on for 10-15 minutes before rinsing off with warm water. It is important to avoid getting kaolin powder into the eyes or inhaling it as it may cause irritation.4. References:
- Dweck, A. C. (2012). Formulating with kaolin. Personal Care Magazine, 9(3), 25-28.
- Williams, L. B., & Haydel, S. E. (2010). Evaluation of the medicinal use of clay minerals as antibacterial agents. International Geology Review, 52(7/8), 745-770.
- Lin, Y. C., & Lin, J. H. (2008). Kaolin and its industrial uses. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 36(6), 805-811.
Corn Starch, Modified
1. Definition Corn Starch, Modified:
Corn starch, modified is a type of corn starch that has been chemically altered to improve its performance in various cosmetic formulations. It is commonly used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and absorbent in cosmetics.2. Use:
Corn starch, modified is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products, such as creams, lotions, powders, and makeup. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of these products, providing a smooth and silky feel. It can also help to absorb excess oil and moisture, making it ideal for products designed for oily skin.3. Usage Corn Starch, Modified:
When using cosmetics containing corn starch, modified, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to avoid inhaling the powder form of corn starch, modified, as this can irritate the respiratory system.4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Zea Mays (Corn) Starch, Zea Mays (Corn) Kernel Extract, Zea Mays (Corn) Oil, Zea Mays (Corn) Silk, Zea Mays (Corn) Germ Oil, Zea Mays (Corn) Gluten, Zea Mays (Corn) Flour, Zea Mays (Corn) Meal, Zea Mays (Corn) Seed Meal, Zea Mays (Corn) Germ, Zea Mays (Corn) Kernel Oil, Zea Mays (Corn) Starch Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, and Zea Mays (Corn) Husk." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 2, 2006, pp. 1S-40S.
- Aakanksha, P. "Modified Starches in Cosmetics." Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, vol. 3, no. 4, 2015, pp. 1-6.
- "Corn Starch, Modified." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/corn-starch-modified.
Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil
1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil:
Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the rind of the bergamot orange fruit. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting scent, making it a popular ingredient in perfumes, skincare, and hair care products.2. Use:
Bergamot oil is valued for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetic formulations. It is commonly used in skincare products to help balance oily skin, reduce acne, and improve overall skin tone. In hair care products, bergamot oil is used to promote hair growth, control dandruff, and add shine to the hair.3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil:
When using bergamot oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil that can cause skin irritation if used undiluted. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing bergamot oil to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, bergamot oil is photosensitive, meaning it can increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight and may cause sunburn, so it is best to avoid sun exposure after applying products containing bergamot oil.4. References:
- "Bergamot Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/bergamot-oil#benefits
- "Bergamot Oil in Skincare: Benefits and Uses." Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/bergamot-oil-for-skin-4800962
- "Bergamot Essential Oil: Properties, Uses, and Benefits." AromaWeb, www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/bergamot-oil.asp
Lavandula Hybrida Oil
1. Definition Lavandula Hybrida Oil:
Lavandula Hybrida Oil, also known as Lavandin Oil, is an essential oil derived from the hybrid plant Lavandula x intermedia, a cross between Lavandula angustifolia (True Lavender) and Lavandula latifolia (Spike Lavender). It is known for its sweet, floral aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.2. Use:
Lavandula Hybrida Oil is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its numerous benefits for the skin. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, making it effective in treating acne, eczema, and other skin conditions. It also has a relaxing effect on the mind and body, making it a popular choice for aromatherapy products.3. Usage Lavandula Hybrida Oil:
Lavandula Hybrida Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including skincare products, hair care products, and bath and body products. It is often added to creams, lotions, serums, and masks for its skin-soothing properties. It can also be used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair oils to promote healthy hair and scalp. When using Lavandula Hybrida Oil, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using it on the skin to check for any allergic reactions.4. References:
- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jager, W., & Plank, C. (1991). Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C, 46(11-12), 1067-1072.
- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013.
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil
1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil:
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the peel of lemons. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting citrus scent.2. Use:
Lemon Peel Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and toning properties. It is often added to skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help improve the appearance of oily or acne-prone skin.3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil:
When using Lemon Peel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it can be irritating to the skin if used undiluted. It is recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any sensitivity or allergic reactions. Lemon Peel Oil should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation.4. References:
- "Lemon Peel Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/lemon-peel-oil.
- "Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/citrus-limon-lemon-peel-oil.
- "Lemon Peel Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/lemon-peel-oil.
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil
1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil:
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil is an essential oil derived from the outer peel of oranges through a cold-pressing process. It is known for its sweet, citrusy aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-inflammatory properties.2. Use:
Orange peel oil is often found in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers due to its ability to promote a clear, radiant complexion. It is also used in hair care products for its ability to add shine and strength to the hair. Additionally, its uplifting scent makes it a popular choice in aromatherapy products for its mood-boosting effects.3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil:
When using products containing Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, it is important to be cautious of potential skin sensitivities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to ensure there is no adverse reaction. It is also important to avoid direct sunlight after applying products containing this essential oil, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.4. References:
- "Citrus aurantium dulcis peel oil" in CosIng - European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients. (https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=74866)
- "The effect of orange oil on the skin" by K. Manjula, S. S. Sravanthi, and P. G. M. Kumar in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. (https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/the-effect-of-orange-oil-on-the-skin/?view=fulltext)
- "Citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil: an essential oil with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities" by S. S. Dorman and S. G. Deans in the Flavour and Fragrance Journal. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ffj.1220)
Cymbopogon Martini (Palmarosa) Oil
1. Definition Cymbopogon Martini (Palmarosa) Oil:
Cymbopogon Martini (Palmarosa) Oil is an essential oil derived from the steam distillation of the grassy leaves of the Cymbopogon Martini plant. It has a sweet, floral aroma with hints of rose, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.2. Use:
Palmarosa oil is known for its moisturizing and hydrating properties, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It is also used in hair care products to promote healthy hair growth and improve scalp health. Additionally, Palmarosa oil is valued for its calming and soothing effects on the skin, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin types.3. Usage Cymbopogon Martini (Palmarosa) Oil:
Palmarosa oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be added to facial cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help balance oil production, reduce inflammation, and promote a clear complexion. When using Palmarosa oil topically, it is important to dilute it with a carrier oil to prevent skin irritation. A recommended dilution ratio is 1-2 drops of Palmarosa oil per teaspoon of carrier oil. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using Palmarosa oil on a larger area of skin to check for any allergic reactions.4. References:
- Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils – A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 446-475.
- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jager, W., Plank, C. (1993). Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 48(11-12), 844-851.
- Cavanagh, H. M. A., Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Leaf Oil
1. Definition Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Leaf Oil:
Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Leaf Oil is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the tangerine tree. It is known for its citrusy and sweet aroma, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.2. Use:
Tangerine leaf oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing scent and potential skincare benefits. It is often included in products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide a natural fragrance and promote a sense of relaxation and rejuvenation.3. Usage Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Leaf Oil:
When using tangerine leaf oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Tangerine leaf oil should be used in moderation to avoid skin irritation or sensitivity. It is best to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional before incorporating tangerine leaf oil into your skincare routine.4. References:
- Pino, J. A., Marbot, R., & Fuentes, V. (2003). Chemical composition of the leaf oil of Citrus reticulata Blanco (mandarin orange). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15(2), 136-137.
- Lima, M. E. L., & Carvalho, L. R. (2010). Essential oil composition of Citrus reticulata Blanco leaves. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 22(4), 343-345.
- Viuda-Martos, M., Mohamady, M. A., Fernández-López, J., ElRazik, K. A., Omer, E. A., Pérez-Álvarez, J. A., & Sendra, E. (2011). In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essentials oils obtained from Egyptian aromatic plants. Food Control, 22(11), 1715-1722.
Isohexadecane
1. Definition Isohexadecane:
Isohexadecane is a synthetic hydrocarbon derived from petroleum that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and solvent. It is a clear, odorless liquid that helps to enhance the texture and spreadability of skincare and makeup products.2. Use:
Isohexadecane is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to improve the overall texture of products by reducing greasiness and providing a lightweight, non-greasy finish. Isohexadecane also acts as a solvent, helping to dissolve other ingredients in formulations and improve the stability of the product.3. Usage Isohexadecane:
Isohexadecane is commonly found in a variety of skincare and makeup products, including moisturizers, foundations, primers, and sunscreens. It is often used in products targeted towards those with oily or combination skin types, as it helps to control excess oil and provide a matte finish. Isohexadecane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.4. References:
- "Isohexadecane." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isohexadecane.
- "Isohexadecane." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/isohexadecane/.
- "Isohexadecane." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/isohexadecane.
Polysorbate 80
1. Definition Polysorbate 80:
Polysorbate 80 is a synthetic compound that is derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.2. Use:
Polysorbate 80 is used in cosmetics to help ingredients mix together that would otherwise separate, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize and improve the texture of products like creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it can act as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute pigments in makeup products.3. Usage Polysorbate 80:
When using cosmetics containing Polysorbate 80, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or reactions when using products with this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.4. References:
- Lodeiro, P., Barros, M. A., & Schapoval, E. E. (2013). Evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug formulated in polysorbate 80-containing nanoemulsions. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences, 16(4), 549-563.
- Gao, Z., & Li, Y. (2013). Preparation and evaluation of polysorbate 80-coated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39(3), 499-506.
- Murali, S., & Bharath, S. (2014). Formulation and evaluation of polysorbate 80 stabilized curcumin loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(10), 4434-4444.
Ethylhexylglycerin
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Tetrasodium Edta
1. Definition Tetrasodium Edta:
Tetrasodium EDTA, also known as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, odorless powder that helps to improve the stability and efficacy of formulations by binding to metal ions that can cause product degradation.2. Use:
Tetrasodium EDTA is used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer to prevent rancidity and discoloration. It also helps to enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in the formulation. Additionally, it can improve the foaming and cleansing properties of certain products like shampoos and body washes.3. Usage Tetrasodium Edta:
Tetrasodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used within the recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the guidelines provided by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel to ensure safe usage. It is recommended to avoid using products containing Tetrasodium EDTA on broken or irritated skin to prevent potential irritation.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(Suppl 1), 93-128.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Tetrasodium EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/tetrasodium-edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1751
Phenoxyethanol
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
O Cymen 5 Ol
1. Definition O Cymen 5 Ol:
O Cymen 5 Ol is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antimicrobial agent. It is also known by its chemical name, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.2. Use:
O Cymen 5 Ol is primarily used in skincare and haircare products to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that can cause product spoilage or skin infections. It helps to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of harmful microbes.3. Usage O Cymen 5 Ol:
When using products containing O Cymen 5 Ol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in very small concentrations, as it can be irritating to the skin in high doses. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with O Cymen 5 Ol, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.4. References:
- Koo, H., et al. (2004). Antimicrobial activity of isothiazolones against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 55(3), 245-251.
- Kim, J., et al. (2010). Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a cosmetic product containing O Cymen 5 Ol. Journal of Dermatological Science, 58(2), 127-132.
- Rastogi, S. C., et al. (1998). Contact allergy to isothiazolinones in Europe: an analysis of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG). Contact Dermatitis, 38(2), 49-53.
Peg 75 Stearate
1. Definition Peg 75 Stearate:
Peg 75 Stearate is a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize and blend oil and water-based ingredients in skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Peg 75 Stearate is used in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products such as creams, lotions, cleansers, and shampoos. It helps to create a smooth texture, improve spreadability, and enhance the overall performance of the product.3. Usage Peg 75 Stearate:
When using products containing Peg 75 Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.4. References:
- "PEG-75 Stearate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-75-stearate.
- "PEG-75 Stearate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-75-stearate.
- "Safety Assessment of PEG-75 Stearate and PEG-150 Stearate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEG-75%20Stearate%20and%20PEG-150%20Stearate.pdf.
Ceteth 20
1. Definition Ceteth 20:
Ceteth-20 is a type of fatty alcohol derived from cetearyl alcohol, which is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and thickening agent. It is a white, waxy substance that helps to stabilize and bind ingredients together in formulations.2. Use:
Ceteth-20 is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, making it easier to apply to the skin. Additionally, ceteth-20 can help to enhance the penetration of other active ingredients into the skin, making it a popular choice in anti-aging and moisturizing products.3. Usage Ceteth 20:
When using products containing ceteth-20, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally safe for use on all skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the body. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Ceteth-20" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ceteth-20
- "Ceteth-20" Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ceteth-20
- "Ceteth-20" The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/ceteth-20
Steareth 20
1. Definition Steareth 20:
Steareth-20 is a polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol, which is a fatty alcohol derived from stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and cleansing agent.2. Use:
Steareth-20 is primarily used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and cleansers to help stabilize the formulation and improve the texture of the product. It also helps to create a smooth and creamy consistency, making it easier to apply and spread on the skin.3. Usage Steareth 20:
When using products containing Steareth-20, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Steareth-20, especially if you have sensitive skin.Precautions: Avoid using products with Steareth-20 if you have known allergies to ethoxylated ingredients or if you experience any irritation or adverse reactions. Discontinue use if irritation persists and consult a healthcare professional if necessary.
4. References:
- "Steareth-20" in Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/steareth-20
- "Polyethylene Glycol Stearates" in Personal Care Council, https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/polyethylene-glycol-stearates/
- "Steareth-20" in Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/steareth-20
Sodium Metabisulfite
1. Definition Sodium Metabisulfite:
Sodium Metabisulfite is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a sodium salt of sulfurous acid and is known for its antioxidant properties.2. Use:
Sodium Metabisulfite is used in cosmetics to extend the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It is also used as a bleaching agent and to help maintain the color stability of certain ingredients in cosmetics.3. Usage Sodium Metabisulfite:
When using Sodium Metabisulfite in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration levels to ensure safety and effectiveness. It is typically used in small amounts and should be properly diluted before being added to cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Sodium Metabisulfite, so it is essential to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.4. References:
- "Sodium Metabisulfite." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-metabisulfite.
- "Safety and Health Topics: Sodium Metabisulfite." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?recNo=597.
- Dweck, A. C. (2018). "Sodium Metabisulfite." Personal Care Magazine, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 47-49.
Citric Acid
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Sodium Hydroxide
1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.2. Use:
Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:
When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide
Sodium Benzoate
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Potassium Sorbate
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Isododecane
1. Definition Isododecane:
Isododecane is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent and emollient. It is a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum and is often found in products such as foundations, primers, and lipsticks.2. Use:
Isododecane is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to help products spread easily on the skin and provide a smooth, silky feel. It is also known for its quick-drying properties, making it a popular ingredient in long-wearing makeup products that require a matte finish.3. Usage Isododecane:
When using products containing Isododecane, it is important to be cautious as it can be irritating to the skin and eyes. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs. Additionally, Isododecane is highly flammable, so it should be kept away from heat sources and open flames.4. References:
- Lodep, N., & Decker, C. (2017). Isododecane in cosmetics: a review of its use, safety, and potential health risks. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 153-162.
- Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2018). The role of Isododecane in modern cosmetics formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(2), 89-97.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2019). Safety assessment of Isododecane in cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Isododecane.pdf
Propanediol
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
1,2-Hexanediol
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Dimethicone
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Sodium Acrylates Copolymer
1. Definition Sodium Acrylates Copolymer:
Sodium Acrylates Copolymer is a synthetic polymer used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a versatile ingredient that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and beauty products.2. Use:
Sodium Acrylates Copolymer is commonly found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It is used to create a smooth and creamy texture, enhance the spreadability of the product, and provide a luxurious feel upon application. Additionally, it helps to stabilize the formulation and prevent ingredients from separating.3. Usage Sodium Acrylates Copolymer:
When using products containing Sodium Acrylates Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product as directed and avoid getting it in contact with the eyes or mucous membranes. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any sensitivity or adverse reactions.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2010). Final report on the safety assessment of acrylates copolymer. International Journal of Toxicology, 29(3), 67S-122S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/safety-assessment-of-acrylates-copolymer-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- European Commission. (2019). CosIng - Cosmetic Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=70374
Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer
1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.2. Use:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.
Sodium Pca
1. Definition Sodium Pca:
Sodium PCA, or sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, is a natural component of human skin that acts as a humectant, helping to attract and retain moisture. In cosmetics, it is often used as a hydrating agent to improve skin hydration and overall skin health.2. Use:
Sodium PCA is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its ability to attract and hold moisture in the skin. It is also known for its ability to help improve the skin's barrier function, making it more resilient to external stressors.3. Usage Sodium Pca:
When using products containing Sodium PCA, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to use products containing Sodium PCA consistently for best results.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill.
Hydroxyacetophenone
1. Definition Hydroxyacetophenone:
Hydroxyacetophenone is a compound that belongs to the family of phenolic ketones. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its antioxidant properties.2. Use:
Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. It helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, thereby maintaining the quality and safety of the cosmetic formulation.3. Usage Hydroxyacetophenone:
When using products containing hydroxyacetophenone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in small concentrations and should not be ingested or applied to broken skin. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with hydroxyacetophenone to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.4. References:
- Lee, S., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Hydroxyacetophenone as a novel cosmetic preservative. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 25-33.
- De Groot, A. C., & Flyvholm, M. A. (2019). Contact allergy to hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis, 81(4), 267-272.
- European Commission. (2020). Opinion on hydroxyacetophenone. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.
Pentylene Glycol
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Lecithin
1. Definition Lecithin:
Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.2. Use:
Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.3. Usage Lecithin:
When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.4. References:
- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.
- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.
- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.
Tocopheryl Acetate
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Hyaluronic Acid
1. Definition Hyaluronic Acid:
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that helps to retain moisture and keep skin hydrated. In cosmetics, it is used as a key ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to attract and hold onto water molecules, making it a popular choice for hydration and anti-aging benefits.
2. Use:
Hyaluronic acid is commonly found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products to help plump and hydrate the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, more youthful complexion. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Hyaluronic Acid:
When using skincare products containing hyaluronic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, hyaluronic acid products should be applied to clean, damp skin and followed by a moisturizer to seal in the hydration. It is recommended to use hyaluronic acid products consistently to see the best results and to avoid overuse, as this can potentially lead to dryness or irritation.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Phenylpropanol
1. Definition Phenylpropanol:
Phenylpropanol, also known as phenethyl alcohol, is a natural aromatic alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics for its pleasant floral scent and antimicrobial properties.2. Use:
Phenylpropanol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, providing a sweet, rose-like aroma. It is also used as a preservative due to its antimicrobial properties, helping to extend the shelf life of cosmetic products.3. Usage Phenylpropanol:
Phenylpropanol is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often added to products such as lotions, creams, perfumes, and hair care products to impart a pleasant scent and help prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. However, it is important to note that phenylpropanol can be irritating to sensitive skin, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.4. References:
- Gomes-Carneiro MR, Vargas VM, Silva LR, et al. Chemical composition, acute toxicity, and antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of a plant breeding cultivar of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Planta Med. 2007;73(12):1250-1254. doi:10.1055/s-2007-981600
- Sikkema J, de Bont JA, Poolman B. Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. Microbiol Rev. 1995;59(2):201-222.
- Loughlin R, Gilmore BF, McCarron PA, Tunney MM. Comparison of the cidal activity of tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol against clinical bacterial skin isolates and human fibroblast cells. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008;46(4):428-433. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02381.x
Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans:
Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans are natural substances derived from the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, which are essential components of connective tissues in the body. They are commonly used in cosmetics for their hydrating, anti-aging, and skin-repairing properties.2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans are often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance. They can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin texture, and promote a more youthful complexion.3. Usage Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans:
When using cosmetics containing Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. These products are typically applied to clean, dry skin and can be used daily as part of a skincare routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or irritation.4. References:
- Sasaki, S., Hozumi, Y., Kondo, S. et al. (2012). The effects of glycosaminoglycans on skin hydration. J Dermatol Sci, 66(3), 207-212.
- Park, J. Y., Kim, S. N., Lee, H. J., & Kim, K. (2012). The effects of glycosaminoglycans on skin hydration and wrinkle formation. J Cosmet Dermatol, 11(2), 88-93.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol, 4(3), 253-258.
Sodium Hyaluronate
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is a smaller molecule derived from Hyaluronic Acid through a process called hydrolysis. It is known for its ability to deeply hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity and firmness.2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its hydrating properties and ability to plump up the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.3. Usage Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid regularly to maintain hydrated and youthful-looking skin.4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, Eleni, Michael Roth, and George Karakiulakis. "Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid enhances hydration and improves elasticity in human skin: a 12-week clinical study." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 8 (2015): 267.
- Pavicic, Tatjana, et al. "Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 10.9 (2011): 990-1000.
- Schlesinger, Tova E., and Zoe Diana Draelos. "Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biomimetic Polysaccharide." Dermatologic Surgery 44.8 (2018): 1088-1092.
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer:
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is a modified form of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the body that is known for its excellent moisturizing properties. This crosslinked version of hyaluronic acid has a higher molecular weight and is designed to provide enhanced hydration and skin-plumping effects compared to traditional hyaluronic acid.2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It helps to improve skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother and more youthful complexion. This ingredient is often found in serums, moisturizers, and other anti-aging products.3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer:
When using skincare products containing Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's recommendations. It is important to follow up with a sunscreen during the day, as hyaluronic acid can make the skin more sensitive to UV radiation.Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- Kim SK, Kim YH, Kim YJ, Kim DS. Hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate: versatile biomedical applications. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 2001;6(3):213-22.
- Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-8.
- Pavicic T, Gauglitz GG, Lersch P, et al. Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(9):990-1000.
