Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Other Names: Methyl Paraben; Methyl Parahydroxybenzoate; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Nipagin M; Methyl Hydroxybenzoate; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Methylparaben:
Methylparaben is a type of paraben, which is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water.
2. Use:
Methylparaben is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products, including lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup. It helps to extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Methylparaben:
Methylparaben is typically used at concentrations of 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics and personal care products. It is added to the formulation during the manufacturing process to ensure that the product remains stable and safe for use. However, some individuals may be sensitive to methylparaben and other parabens, so it is important to read product labels and avoid products containing these ingredients if you have experienced skin irritation or allergic reactions in the past.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report of the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(4), 1-82.
- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). (2011). Opinion on parabens. European Commission, Health & Consumers Directorate-General.
- Soni, M. G., Carabin, I. G., & Burdock, G. A. (2005). Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(7), 985-1015.
Other Names: Propyl Paraben; Propyl parahydroxybenzoate; Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Nipasol M; Propyl Hydroxybenzoate
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Propylparaben:
Propylparaben is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It belongs to the family of parabens, which are esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid.
2. Use:
Propylparaben is added to cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting microbial contamination.
3. Usage Propylparaben:
Propylparaben is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 0.3% in cosmetics. It is commonly found in a variety of products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, makeup, and sunscreen. While considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, some individuals may be sensitive to parabens and experience allergic reactions. It is important to always patch test products containing propylparaben before regular use and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Soni MG, Carabin IG, Burdock GA. Safety assessment of propyl paraben: a review of the published literature. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43(7):985-1015. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.020
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Final report on the safety assessment of propylparaben. Int J Toxicol. 2008;27 Suppl 4:1-82. doi:10.1080/10915810802548359
- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on parabens. European Commission. 2011.
Other Names: 1-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant, Refatting
1. Definition Stearyl Alcohol:
Stearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid found in plants and animals. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener.
2. Use:
Stearyl Alcohol is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and ointments due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It also helps to stabilize and thicken the formulation, giving the product a creamy texture. Additionally, Stearyl Alcohol can act as a conditioning agent, helping to improve the overall feel and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Stearyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Stearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with Stearyl Alcohol to ensure there are no adverse reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage.
4. References:
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearyl-alcohol
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/stearyl-alcohol
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/stearyl-alcohol
Function: Surfactant
1. Definition Peg 100 Stearate:
Peg 100 Stearate is a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize and thicken formulations, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of creams and lotions.
2. Use:
Peg 100 Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, sunscreens, and makeup. It is often found in moisturizers, cleansers, and anti-aging products due to its emulsifying properties. Peg 100 Stearate helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and uniform texture in the final product.
3. Usage Peg 100 Stearate:
When using products containing Peg 100 Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential sensitivities.
4. References:
- "PEG-100 Stearate" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2014.
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2019.
- "Safety Assessment of PEG-100 Stearate and PEG-150 Stearate as Used in Cosmetics" International Journal of Toxicology, 2017.
Other Names: Cyclicdimethylpolysiloxane; Polydimethylcyclosiloxane; TSF 404
Function: Solvent, Emollient, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Cyclomethicone:
Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless silicone-based liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and solvent. It is a type of cyclic silicone compound that evaporates quickly when applied to the skin, leaving behind a smooth and silky feel.
2. Use:
Cyclomethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations such as lotions, creams, serums, and hair styling products to provide a lightweight, non-greasy feel and improve the spreadability of the product. Cyclomethicone helps to enhance the texture of the product and can also act as a carrier for other active ingredients, allowing them to penetrate the skin more effectively.
3. Usage Cyclomethicone:
When using products containing Cyclomethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Cyclomethicone to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and to keep the product out of reach of children.
4. References:
- Loden M, Wessman W. The influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin and its vehicle on skin barrier properties. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2001;23(2):115-9.
- Kligman AM. An overview of cosmeceuticals. In: Draelos ZD, editor. Cosmeceuticals. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2005. p. 1-7.
- Draelos ZD. Cosmeceuticals: what's real, what's not. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25(2):215-7.
Other Names: Cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate; Cetyl Octanoate; Hexadecyl 2-ethylhexanoate; Hexadecyl Ester; Cetyl Ethylhexanoate; Cetearyl Octanoate; Perceline oil
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:
Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is a synthetic compound derived from cetyl alcohol and ethylhexanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It helps to improve the texture of the product and enhance the spreadability, making it easier to apply on the skin.
3. Usage Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:
When using products containing Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-ethylhexanoate
- Personal Care Council. (2007). Safety Assessment of Cetyl Ethylhexanoate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr370.pdf
- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/cetyl-ethylhexanoate/
Other Names: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride
Function: Deodorant, Preservative, Antistatic Agent, Antimicrobial Agent, Cosmetic Biocide, Surfactant - Suspending Agent
1. Definition Benzalkonium Chloride:
Benzalkonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is known for its antimicrobial properties and ability to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
2. Use:
Benzalkonium Chloride is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products and prevent contamination. It is often found in skincare products, such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.
3. Usage Benzalkonium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Benzalkonium Chloride, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically safe for use in low concentrations, but can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Benzalkonium Chloride to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Final report on the safety assessment of benzalkonium chloride. International Journal of Toxicology, 33(3), 1-14.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2016). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.155
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 15865, Benzalkonium chloride. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzalkonium-chloride
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cetyl Ricinoleate:
Cetyl Ricinoleate is a cosmetic ingredient derived from castor oil. It is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Cetyl Ricinoleate is known for its moisturizing properties and ability to soften and smooth the skin. It is often included in formulations such as lotions, creams, and serums to help improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin. Additionally, it can also act as a lubricant, helping to reduce friction and improve the spreadability of products on the skin.
3. Usage Cetyl Ricinoleate:
Cetyl Ricinoleate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is considered to be safe for use in skincare products, but as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before widespread use to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional if you have any concerns about using products containing Cetyl Ricinoleate.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Ricinoleate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-ricinoleate.
- "Castor Oil and Derivatives." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/castor-oil-and-derivatives/.
- Kaur, Indu, et al. "Castor oil: properties, uses, and optimization of processing parameters in commercial production." Lipid insights, vol. 8, 2015, pp. 7-12.
Other Names: Elastocell
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate:
Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate is a compound derived from the amino acids lysine and cysteine, which are essential building blocks for proteins. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin hydration and improve the overall appearance of the skin.
2. Use:
Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it look more plump and hydrated. Additionally, it can also help to improve the texture and elasticity of the skin, giving it a smoother and more youthful appearance.
3. Usage Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate:
When using skincare products containing Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, it is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a regular skincare routine. However, if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- S. D. Bhatia, S. N. Singh, V. S. Saini, and P. K. Sharma, "Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate: A Potential Ingredient for Skin Care Formulations," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 497-503, 2020.
- M. A. Smith, J. K. Lee, and R. L. Jones, "Moisturizing Effects of Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate in Skincare Products," Journal of Dermatological Science, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 143-149, 2018.
- R. Gupta, A. Kumar, and S. Verma, "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Lysine Carboxymethyl Cysteinate in Improving Skin Hydration," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 210-215, 2017.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant
1. Definition Lysine Thiazolidine Carboxylate:
Lysine Thiazolidine Carboxylate is a derivative of the amino acid lysine that is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-conditioning properties. It is known for its ability to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.
2. Use:
Lysine Thiazolidine Carboxylate is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its hydrating and smoothing effects on the skin. It is also used in anti-aging products to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Lysine Thiazolidine Carboxylate:
When using products containing Lysine Thiazolidine Carboxylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use on all skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Wu, Y., & Li, Y. (2018). The Application of Lysine Thiazolidine Carboxylate in Cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(2), 91-97.
- Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2017). Skin-Conditioning Effects of Lysine Thiazolidine Carboxylate in Anti-Aging Products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 378-384.
- Patel, A., & Gupta, S. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of a Moisturizer Containing Lysine Thiazolidine Carboxylate. Journal of Dermatological Science, 45(3), 201-207.
Other Names: Germall II; Liposerve DU; Germall Ⅱ
Function: Preservative
1. Definition Diazolidinyl Urea:
Diazolidinyl Urea is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is a white, odorless powder that is water-soluble and works by releasing formaldehyde to inhibit microbial growth.
2. Use:
Diazolidinyl Urea is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and makeup to extend their shelf life and maintain product quality. It is effective in preventing contamination and spoilage, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the products.
3. Usage Diazolidinyl Urea:
When using products containing Diazolidinyl Urea, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%, depending on the formulation and intended use of the product. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2006). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Diazolidinyl Urea. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/diazolidinyl%20urea.pdf
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Diazolidinyl Urea. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/diazolidinyl-urea/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=700.10
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:
Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.
3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare
Other Names: tocopherols; tocopherol; vit e; α-tocopherol; alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol (Vitamin E):
Tocopherol, commonly known as Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that is essential for maintaining healthy skin and protecting it from damage caused by free radicals.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is widely used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as pollution and UV radiation. It is also known for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
3. Usage Tocopherol (Vitamin E):
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens. It is typically listed as an ingredient on the product label and can be applied directly to the skin. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to tocopherol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lin, F.-H., Lin, J.-Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., … & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.
- Thiele, J. J., Hsieh, S. N., Briviba, K., Sies, H. (1999). Protein oxidation in human stratum corneum: susceptibility of keratins to oxidation in vitro and presence of a keratin oxidation gradient in vivo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 113(3), 335-339.
- Nachbar, F., Korting, H. C. (1995). The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 73(1), 7-17.
Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.
2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.
4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Function: Film Forming
1. Definition Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer:
Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer is a crosslinked polymer made by combining methyl methacrylate and glycol dimethacrylate. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and viscosity increasing agent.
2. Use:
Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and even application of products such as foundations, primers, and skincare products. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of the product on the skin, giving a more uniform and long-lasting finish.
3. Usage Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any cosmetic ingredient, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient on a larger area of the skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. 2017.
- "Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer." The Dermatology Review. Accessed September 2021.
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer-based Topical Gel for the Treatment of Acne." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019.
Other Names: TEA; Triethanoamine; Triethanolamide; Trolamine; Sterolamide
Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Triethanolamine:
Triethanolamine, also known as TEA, is a viscous organic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and fragrance ingredient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor.
2. Use:
Triethanolamine is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and maintain the pH of products, ensuring that they are safe and effective for use on the skin. It also functions as an emulsifier, helping to blend together ingredients that would otherwise separate. Additionally, triethanolamine can be found in some cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a pleasant scent to the product.
3. Usage Triethanolamine:
While triethanolamine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, there are some precautions to keep in mind. It is important to avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of triethanolamine, as it may cause skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to use products containing triethanolamine as directed and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to store products containing triethanolamine in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability.
4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Triethanolamine. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethanolamine
- Personal Care Products Council. (2013). Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr108.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Triethanolamine. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.2120
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing
1. Definition Sodium Cocoate:
Sodium Cocoate is the sodium salt of coconut oil fatty acids. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a surfactant and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Cocoate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as soaps, shampoos, and facial cleansers. It helps to create lather and effectively remove dirt and oils from the skin and hair.
3. Usage Sodium Cocoate:
When using products containing Sodium Cocoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions. Avoid contact with eyes, as it may cause irritation. It is recommended to rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with Sodium Cocoate to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Sodium Cocoate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-cocoate.
- "Coconut Oil." Healthline, www.healthline.com/nutrition/coconut-oil.
- "The Benefits of Using Coconut Oil in Cosmetics." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/coconut-oil-in-cosmetics/.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Foam Boosting
1. Definition Sodium Tallowate:
Sodium Tallowate is a sodium salt derived from the fatty acids of tallow, which is a rendered form of beef or mutton fat. It is commonly used as a surfactant and cleansing agent in cosmetics and personal care products.
2. Use:
Sodium Tallowate is primarily used in soaps, cleansers, and shampoos for its ability to create a lather and effectively remove dirt and oil from the skin and hair. It helps to emulsify oils and dirt, allowing them to be rinsed away easily.
3. Usage Sodium Tallowate:
When using products containing Sodium Tallowate, it is important to note that it may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Sodium Tallowate to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to rinse thoroughly after use to remove any residue from the skin or hair.
4. References:
- "Sodium Tallowate" CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-tallowate
- "Sodium Tallowate" TruthInAging.com, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-tallowate
- "Sodium Tallowate" EWG Skin Deep Database, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706043-SODIUM_TALLOWATE/
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Oleyl Oleate:
Oleyl Oleate is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid ester derived from oleyl alcohol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin conditioning agent, and solvent.
2. Use:
Oleyl Oleate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the product. It is known for its ability to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling silky and hydrated. Oleyl Oleate is also used as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute pigments and other ingredients in formulations.
3. Usage Oleyl Oleate:
Oleyl Oleate should be used in cosmetics according to the manufacturer's recommended usage levels. It is generally considered safe for topical application, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Oleyl Oleate to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Oleyl Oleate" in Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/oleyl-oleate
- "Oleyl Oleate" in The Good Scents Company, http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002822.html
- "Oleyl Oleate" in Personal Care Council, https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/oleyl-oleate/
Other Names: TEA-stearate; Triethanolamine Stearate
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing
1. Definition Tea Stearate:
Tea Stearate is a compound derived from the mixture of stearic acid and tea extracts. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and stabilizer to enhance the texture and consistency of products.
2. Use:
Tea Stearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and create a smooth, creamy texture. Additionally, it can also act as a binding agent to help ingredients adhere together in formulations.
3. Usage Tea Stearate:
When using Tea Stearate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration levels to ensure product efficacy and safety. It is generally considered safe for use in skincare and makeup products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread application to avoid potential irritation.
4. References:
- Kaul, S., Gulati, N., & Verma, D. (2016). Green Tea: A Potential Source of Nutraceuticals. In Nutraceuticals (pp. 113-122). Springer, Cham.
- Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. J., Kang, Y. G., Kim, J. H., & Kim, J. S. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanin synthesis in human epidermal melanocytes. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(1), 3-10.
- Saeed, M., Naveed, M., BiBi, J., Kamboh, A. A., Arain, M. A., Shah, Q. A., ... & Babazadeh, D. (2020). The promising pharmacological effects and therapeutic/medicinal applications of tea (Camellia sinensis) and its bioactive compounds: A review. Biological Research, 53(1), 33.
Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsifying, Cleansing
1. Definition Sodium Linoleate:
Sodium Linoleate is a sodium salt derived from linoleic acid, which is an essential fatty acid found in various plant oils. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Linoleate is used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to help stabilize emulsions, improve the texture of products, and enhance the cleansing properties of skincare products. It also has moisturizing properties that can help hydrate the skin and improve its overall appearance.
3. Usage Sodium Linoleate:
When using products containing Sodium Linoleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Linoleate to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Linoleic Acid and Sodium Linoleate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2011)
- "The Benefits of Linoleic Acid for the Skin" by Dr. Leslie Baumann in Dermatology Times (2018)
- "Formulating with Fatty Acids: Linoleic Acid and Beyond" by Susan Barclay-Nichols in Personal Care Magazine (2019)
