Compare Facetheory Face Theory Hydrating Tamanu Oil O5 and ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function	Notes
1	-	Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1	-	Calophyllum Inophyllum (Alexandrian Laurel) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Antimicrobial, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant)

EWG	CIR	Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function	Notes
1	-	Tocopherol	Good for dry skin Anti Aging
1	A	Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Squalane (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting)
4	-	Pelargonium Graveolens Oil (Masking, Perfuming)
1	-	Opuntia Ficus Indica Stem Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	-	Santalum Spicatum (Sandalwood) Oil (Masking, Fragrance)
1	-	Juniperus Communis (Juniper) Oil (Masking, Perfuming)

Tocopherol

Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Calophyllum Inophyllum (Alexandrian Laurel) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Antimicrobial, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant

1. Definition Calophyllum Inophyllum (Alexandrian Laurel) Seed Oil:

Calophyllum Inophyllum (Alexandrian Laurel) Seed Oil is a botanical oil extracted from the seeds of the Calophyllum inophyllum tree, also known as Tamanu tree. It is rich in fatty acids, particularly oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid, as well as calophyllic acid, a unique compound known for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties.

2. Use:

Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. It is known to promote skin regeneration, reduce inflammation, and help with various skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. It is also used in hair care products to nourish and condition the hair and scalp.

3. Usage Calophyllum Inophyllum (Alexandrian Laurel) Seed Oil:

Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil can be used directly on the skin or hair, either alone or mixed with other carrier oils or essential oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. When using on the skin, it is recommended to apply a few drops and massage gently until absorbed. For hair care, it can be applied to the scalp and hair, left on for a few hours or overnight, and then washed out with shampoo.

4. References:

- Rodrigues Barreto, R., et al. (2019). Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Tamanu) oil: a review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Phytomedicine, 59, 152907.

- Lai, J., et al. (2016). Tamanu oil: a comprehensive review on its ethnobotany, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 1-16.

- Prasad, A., et al. (2019). Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Tamanu) oil: an overview of its chemical composition, biological activities, and potential applications in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(2), 107-118.

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the kernels of the Argan tree, native to Morocco. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Argan Kernel Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and masks to hydrate and soften the skin and hair. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

When using Argan Kernel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare or haircare products. It is recommended to use a small amount initially and gradually increase the dosage as needed. Avoid contact with eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Schmitt, L., Maranz, S., Akermi, M., & Delaveau, P. (2003). Effect of argan oil on platelet aggregation and bleeding time: a beneficial nutritional property. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 14(4), 220-225.

- Ait-Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., González-Ferrero, C., Aranda, C., Rota, C., Herrera, A., ... & Espina, L. (2011). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants. Journal of medical plants research, 5(23), 5728-5736.

- Khallouki, F., Younos, C., Soulimani, R., Oster, T., Charrouf, Z., & Spiegelhalder, B. (2003). Consumption of argan oil (Morocco) with its unique profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene, sterols and phenolic compounds should confer valuable cancer chemopreventive effects. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(1), 67-75.

Squalane

Other Names: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting

1. Definition Squalane:

Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.

3. Usage Squalane:

Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.

Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

Pelargonium Graveolens Oil

Function: Masking, Perfuming

1. Definition Pelargonium Graveolens Oil:

Pelargonium Graveolens Oil, also known as Geranium Oil, is an essential oil derived from the leaves and stems of the Pelargonium graveolens plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its floral scent and potential skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Pelargonium Graveolens Oil is often used in cosmetics as a natural fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, floral aroma. It is also believed to have astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice for skincare products targeting acne, inflammation, and aging skin.

3. Usage Pelargonium Graveolens Oil:

Pelargonium Graveolens Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and perfumes. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide a pleasant scent and potential skincare benefits. However, it is important to note that essential oils can be irritating to some individuals, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Pelargonium Graveolens Oil and to avoid using it undiluted on the skin.

4. References:

- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jager, W., & Plank, C. (1993). Aromatherapy: Evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 48(11-12), 844-851.

- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J. S., Hong, S. J., & Lee, J. (2014). Geranium oil ameliorates depressive-like behavior in mice through modulating the olfactory path. Neuroscience Letters, 561, 151-156.

Opuntia Ficus Indica Stem Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Opuntia Ficus Indica Stem Extract:

Opuntia Ficus Indica Stem Extract, also known as prickly pear extract, is derived from the stems of the Opuntia Ficus Indica cactus. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Opuntia Ficus Indica Stem Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties. It helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, while also protecting it from environmental stressors. Additionally, this extract can help to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Opuntia Ficus Indica Stem Extract:

Opuntia Ficus Indica Stem Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, simply apply them to clean, dry skin as directed on the packaging. It is important to patch test any new products containing this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, S. Y., & Lee, E. N. (2014). Opuntia ficus-indica seed attenuates hepatic steatosis and promotes M2 macrophage polarization in high-fat diet-fed mice. Nutrition Research, 34(7), 617-626.

- Park, E. H., Kahng, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Shin, K. H. (1998). An anti-inflammatory principle from cactus. Fitoterapia, 69(5), 509-511.

- Feugang, J. M., Konarski, P., Zou, D., Stintzing, F. C., & Zou, C. (2006). Nutritional and medicinal use of Cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) cladodes and fruits. Frontiers in Bioscience, 11(1), 2574-2589.

Santalum Spicatum (Sandalwood) Oil

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Santalum Spicatum (Sandalwood) Oil:

Santalum Spicatum (Sandalwood) Oil is an essential oil derived from the heartwood of the Santalum spicatum tree, commonly known as Australian Sandalwood. It is a highly valued ingredient in cosmetics due to its aromatic scent and various skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Sandalwood oil is known for its soothing and calming properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and facial oils. It is often used to help reduce inflammation, hydrate the skin, and promote a clear complexion. Additionally, its woody and earthy scent is commonly used in perfumes and aromatherapy products for its relaxing and grounding effects.

3. Usage Santalum Spicatum (Sandalwood) Oil:

When using Sandalwood Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Sandalwood oil should be used in moderation and not be applied directly to the skin in its undiluted form. It is best to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the product manufacturer.

4. References:

- Raman, A., & Weir, K. (2019). Sandalwood: History, uses, present status and the future. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 18(4), 573-582.

- Lee, K. G., Shibamoto, T., & Lee, S. E. (2001). Antioxidant activity of aroma extract isolated from Santalum album L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(1), 411-415.

- Srivastava, P., & Dung, N. T. (2014). A review on phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Santalum. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 8(15), 42-48.

Juniperus Communis (Juniper) Oil

Function: Masking, Perfuming

1. Definition Juniperus Communis (Juniper) Oil:

Juniperus Communis (Juniper) Oil is an essential oil extracted from the berries of the Juniperus Communis plant. It is known for its fresh, woody, and slightly sweet aroma.

2. Use:

Juniper oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and antiseptic properties. It is often included in skincare products for its ability to help balance oily skin, reduce inflammation, and improve the overall appearance of the skin. Juniper oil is also used in hair care products for its cleansing and purifying properties.

3. Usage Juniperus Communis (Juniper) Oil:

Juniper oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be added to facial cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help improve the skin's texture and appearance. In hair care products, juniper oil can be added to shampoos and conditioners to help cleanse the scalp and promote healthy hair growth. It is important to note that juniper oil is potent and should be diluted before applying to the skin or hair to avoid irritation.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Lawless, J. (2013). The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: The Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatic Oils in Aromatherapy, Herbalism, Health, and Well Being. Conari Press.

- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jager, W., Plank, C., Dietrich, H., & Fragrance, I. F. R. (1993). Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences, 48(11-12), 859-861.