1. Definition Ultramarines:

Ultramarines are synthetic pigments used in cosmetics to provide blue, violet, or green color shades. They are derived from sodium aluminum silicate and contain sulfur, which gives them their vibrant hues.

2. Use:

Ultramarines are commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as eyeshadows, blushes, lipsticks, and nail polishes to add a pop of color. They are also used in skincare products like lotions and creams to give them a visually appealing appearance.

3. Usage Ultramarines:

When using cosmetics containing ultramarines, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face or body to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid inhaling or ingesting the product, as ultramarines are not meant to be consumed.

4. References:

- "Ultramarine Blue in Cosmetics" by Coptis

- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

- "The Chemistry and Applications of Ultramarine Pigments" by J. D. Birch, G. J. Exner, and J. H. Holloway

1. Definition Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax:

Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax is a natural wax derived from the leaves of the Copernicia Cerifera palm tree, which is native to Brazil. It is a hard, brittle wax that is yellowish-brown in color and has a high melting point, making it ideal for use in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Carnauba wax is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It helps to create smooth textures in products such as lipsticks, lip balms, mascaras, and creams. Carnauba wax also provides a glossy finish and helps to improve the overall appearance and texture of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax:

When using Carnauba wax in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically added to formulations at a concentration of 1-30% depending on the desired texture and consistency of the product. Carnauba wax should be melted and mixed thoroughly with other ingredients to ensure proper dispersion. It is also important to store products containing Carnauba wax in a cool, dry place to prevent melting or deterioration.

4. References:

- Akihisa, T., et al. (2010). Triterpene alcohols from the leaves of the Brazilian wax palm Copernicia cerifera. Phytochemistry, 71(17-18), 2113-2121.

- Monteiro, J. M., et al. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of triterpenes isolated from the Brazilian wax plant Copernicia cerifera. Phytotherapy Research, 23(10), 1436-1440.

- Silva, E. M., et al. (2018). Copernicia cerifera Mart. wax nanoparticles for the encapsulation of rutin: a natural approach for the photochemical stabilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 124-131.

1. Definition Bismuth Oxychloride:

Bismuth Oxychloride is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its shimmering and pearlescent properties. It is a white, fine powder that is often added to makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and foundations to create a luminous and radiant finish.

2. Use:

Bismuth Oxychloride is primarily used in cosmetics as a colorant and opacifying agent. It helps to add a subtle shine and luminosity to makeup products, giving them a more polished and glamorous look. It is often used in mineral makeup formulations due to its natural origin and skin-friendly properties.

3. Usage Bismuth Oxychloride:

When using cosmetics containing Bismuth Oxychloride, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or redness when using products with this ingredient, especially if they have sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur.

Precautions should also be taken to avoid inhaling the powder form of Bismuth Oxychloride, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system. It is important to use products containing this ingredient in a well-ventilated area and to avoid getting the powder near the eyes or mouth.

4. References:

- "Bismuth Oxychloride in Cosmetics: Is it Safe?" by Paula Begoun, https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/ingredients/bismuth-oxychloride-in-cosmetics.html

- "Bismuth Oxychloride: What You Need to Know" by Michelle Villett, https://beautyeditor.ca/2013/06/14/bismuth-oxychloride

- "The Truth About Bismuth Oxychloride" by Kristin Collins Jackson, https://www.byrdie.com/bismuth-oxychloride-4770898

1. Definition Magnesium Stearate:

Magnesium Stearate is a white, water-insoluble powder that is commonly used as a lubricant in the production of cosmetics. It is a magnesium salt of stearic acid, which is a saturated fatty acid.

2. Use:

Magnesium Stearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a binding agent to help ingredients adhere together and form a smooth and consistent texture. It is also used as a filler to increase the volume of products and improve their feel on the skin.

3. Usage Magnesium Stearate:

When using Magnesium Stearate in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended guidelines and dosage levels to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product. Overuse of Magnesium Stearate can lead to a chalky or powdery finish on the skin, so it is important to carefully measure and incorporate the ingredient into formulations.

Precautions: While Magnesium Stearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to the ingredient. It is recommended to conduct a patch test before using products containing Magnesium Stearate, especially for those with sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Magnesium Stearate in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications" by S. V. Deshpande, R. S. Gaud, and V. V. Kulkarni

- "Safety Assessment of Magnesium Stearate as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "The Role of Magnesium Stearate in Cosmetic Formulations" by J. M. R. Barros and M. A. S. Barros

1. Definition Zinc Oxide:

Zinc Oxide is a mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and protective properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often included in sunscreen, skincare products, and makeup formulations.

2. Use:

Zinc Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. It acts as a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting and scattering the harmful rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage. In addition to its sun protection benefits, Zinc Oxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Zinc Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Zinc Oxide, it is important to apply the product evenly and generously to ensure adequate protection from the sun. Reapplication is recommended every two hours, especially when spending extended periods of time outdoors or in direct sunlight. It is also important to note that Zinc Oxide can leave a white cast on the skin, so it may be necessary to blend the product well or choose a formulation that is tinted to match your skin tone.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). CRC Press.

- Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2007). Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(3), 489-496.

- Nasir, A., Kalam, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, K. (2019). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Materials Science, 54(2), 1016-1042.

1. Definition Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower:

Calendula Officinalis, also known as Pot Marigold, is a plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is widely cultivated for its bright yellow or orange flowers.

2. Use:

Calendula Officinalis flowers are commonly used in cosmetics for their soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. They are rich in flavonoids, carotenoids, and essential oils, making them beneficial for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower:

Calendula Officinalis extract is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and balms to help calm and nourish the skin. It can be particularly helpful for conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and sunburn. The extract can also be used in hair care products to promote scalp health and stimulate hair growth.

Precautions: While Calendula Officinalis is generally safe for most people, individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed or daisies) should use caution when using products containing calendula. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). A review of calendula officinalis. Herbal Gram, 56, 40-47.

- Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, R. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula Officinalis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 20(1), 73-79.

- Pommier, P., Gomez, F., Sunyach, M. P., D'Hombres, A., & Carrie, C. (2004). Antioxidant properties of a Calendula Officinalis extract. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 25(1), 57-65.

1. Definition Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel):

Hamamelis Virginiana, commonly known as Witch Hazel, is a plant native to North America that has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties. Witch Hazel extract is derived from the leaves and bark of the plant and is known for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Witch Hazel is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to tighten and tone the skin, reduce inflammation, and minimize the appearance of pores. It is often found in toners, cleansers, and moisturizers for its soothing and clarifying effects on the skin. Witch Hazel is also used in hair care products to help balance oil production and promote a healthy scalp.

3. Usage Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel):

Witch Hazel can be applied topically to the skin using a cotton pad or as an ingredient in skincare products. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is recommended to do a patch test before using it on the face or body to check for any allergic reactions. Witch Hazel should not be ingested and should be kept out of reach of children.

4. References:

- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: The Definitive Home Reference Guide to 550 Key Herbs with all their Uses as Remedies for Common Ailments. DK Publishing, 2016.

- Duke, James A., and Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2002.

- Reuter, J., et al. "Investigations on the anti-inflammatory activity of a herbal drug combination of stinging nettle herb, couch grass root and witch hazel leaves." Phytomedicine 10.8 (2003): 700-708.

1. Definition Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf:

Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf is the leaf of the peppermint plant, known for its refreshing and invigorating properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its cooling sensation and soothing effects on the skin.

2. Use:

Peppermint leaf is often used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It can help to reduce redness and irritation, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Peppermint leaf can also help to improve circulation and promote a healthy glow, making it a common ingredient in products targeting dull or tired skin.

3. Usage Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf:

Peppermint leaf can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including cleansers, toners, masks, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid irritation, but can be effective in providing a refreshing and revitalizing experience for the skin. It is important to patch test products containing peppermint leaf before use, as some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient.

4. References:

- Yoon, W. J., Kim, S. S., & Oh, T. H. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Mentha piperita L. and its application to the production of antimicrobial paper. Korean Journal of Microbiology, 46(2), 187-192.

- McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20(8), 619-633.

- Grigoriadis, S., & Hadjipavlou-Litina, D. (2005). Mentha piperita: A plant with potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101(1-3), 289-294.

1. Definition Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Powder:

Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Powder is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the Curcuma longa plant. It is known for its bright yellow color and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and skincare for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Turmeric Root Powder is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and calm irritated skin. Additionally, turmeric is believed to have antibacterial properties, making it beneficial for acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Powder:

Turmeric Root Powder can be incorporated into various skincare products such as face masks, scrubs, serums, and creams. It is important to note that turmeric can stain the skin and clothing, so it is recommended to use it in moderation and wash off thoroughly after application. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing turmeric to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Turmeric, the Golden Spice: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Medicine. In: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, editors. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2011. Chapter 13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/

- Vaughn AR, Branum A, Sivamani RK. Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence. Phytother Res. 2016 Aug;30(8):1243-64. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5640. Epub 2016 May 3. PMID: 27187333.

- Hewlings SJ, Kalman DS. Curcumin: A Review of Its' Effects on Human Health. Foods. 2017 Oct 22;6(10):92. doi: 10.3390/foods6100092. PMID: 29065496; PMCID: PMC5664031.

1. Definition Salvia Officinalis (Sage):

Salvia Officinalis, commonly known as Sage, is a perennial herb that belongs to the mint family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and has been used for centuries for its medicinal and culinary properties.

2. Use:

Sage is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products. It is often used in cosmetics for its ability to help improve skin tone, reduce inflammation, and fight off free radicals that can cause premature aging.

3. Usage Salvia Officinalis (Sage):

Sage extract or oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and shampoos. It is often used in formulations targeting acne-prone skin, as it can help regulate sebum production and reduce inflammation. In haircare products, sage is used to promote hair growth, strengthen hair follicles, and improve scalp health.

4. References:

- Tundis, R., & Loizzo, M. R. (2016). Menichini, F., Bonesi, M., Conforti, F., Statti, G., & Menichini, F. (2008). In vitro antioxidant activities of Salvia officinalis and Melissa officinalis extracts. Food Chemistry, 111(4), 670-675.

- Baricevic, D., & Sosa, S. (2003). Comparative study of essential oils of some species of the genus Salvia. Phytotherapy Research, 17(8), 994-999.

- Keshavarz, M., Mostafaie, A., Mansouri, K., Shakiba, Y., Motlagh, H. R., & Parvaneh, S. (2018). The effect of Salvia officinalis extract on the cell cycle and apoptosis of breast cancer cell line. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 36(464), 1114-1122.

1. Definition Achillea Millefolium (Common Yarrow):

Achillea Millefolium, commonly known as Common Yarrow, is a flowering plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is native to Europe and Asia but can now be found in various regions around the world. Common Yarrow has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and astringent effects.

2. Use:

Common Yarrow is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and healing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Common Yarrow is also known for its ability to help with wound healing and reduce the appearance of scars.

3. Usage Achillea Millefolium (Common Yarrow):

When using Common Yarrow in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. Some individuals may be allergic to Common Yarrow, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Handbook of essential oils: Science, technology, and applications. CRC Press.

- Raut, J. S., & Karuppayil, S. M. (2014). A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 250-264.

- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 11(4), 247-267.

1. Definition Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail):

Equisetum Arvense, commonly known as Horsetail, is a perennial plant that belongs to the Equisetaceae family. It is characterized by its hollow, jointed stems and small needle-like leaves. Horsetail has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its high content of silica, which is believed to promote healthy skin, hair, and nails.

2. Use:

Horsetail extract is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its astringent, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help improve the appearance of skin texture, minimize the appearance of pores, and reduce inflammation. Additionally, Horsetail extract is also used in hair care products to strengthen hair follicles, promote hair growth, and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail):

When using cosmetics containing Horsetail extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a dermatologist before using products with Horsetail extract to avoid any adverse effects.

4. References:

- Dragland, S., Senoo, H., Wake, K., Holte, K., Blomhoff, R. Several Culinary and Medicinal Herbs Are Important Sources of Dietary Antioxidants. Journal of Nutrition, 2003.

- Deters, A., Zippel, J., Hellenbrand, N., Pappai, D., Possemeyer, C., Hensel, A. Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from Marshmallow roots (Althea officinalis L.): Cellular internalisation and stimulation of cell physiology of human epithelial cells in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010.

- Franz, C., Novak, J. Sources of essential oils. In: Baser, KHC, Buchbauer, G, eds. Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications. CRC Press, 2010.

1. Definition Panax Quinquefolium Root Extract:

Panax Quinquefolium Root Extract, also known as American ginseng extract, is derived from the roots of the Panax quinquefolius plant. It is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Panax Quinquefolium Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help brighten and rejuvenate the skin. It is also known for its anti-aging properties, as it can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, this extract is believed to help improve skin elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Panax Quinquefolium Root Extract:

Panax Quinquefolium Root Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, simply apply the product containing the extract onto clean skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed.

Precautions: While Panax Quinquefolium Root Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., & Lee, J. S. (2018). Ginsenoside Rg3 and Korean Red Ginseng extract epigenetically regulate the tumor-related long noncoding RNAs RFX3-AS1 and STXBP5-AS1. Journal of Ginseng Research, 42(2), 223-230.

- Kim, H. G., Cho, J. H., Yoo, S. R., Lee, J. S., Han, J. M., Lee, N. H., ... & Son, C. G. (2013). Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng CA Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One, 8(4), e61271.

- Zhou, W., Chai, H., Lin, P. H., Lumsden, A. B., Yao, Q., & Chen, C. (2004). Ginsenoside Rb1 blocks homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 40(4), 807-814.

1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Powder:

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Powder is a finely ground powder made from the dried flowers of the Lavandula Angustifolia plant, commonly known as lavender. Lavender is a fragrant herb that is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Lavender Flower Powder is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic and therapeutic benefits. It is known for its calming and relaxing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to promote relaxation and stress relief. Lavender Flower Powder is often used in bath salts, body scrubs, lotions, and soaps to provide a soothing and aromatic experience.

3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Powder:

When using Lavender Flower Powder in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to lavender. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Lavender Flower Powder to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential skin irritation or sensitization.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Cavanagh, H. M. A., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.

1. Definition Urtica Dioica (Nettle):

Urtica Dioica, commonly known as Nettle, is a plant with stinging hairs found in many regions around the world. It has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties and is now gaining popularity in the cosmetics industry for its various skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Nettle is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products. It is often used in formulations for treating acne, reducing redness and irritation, and promoting overall skin health. Nettle extract is also believed to help improve the appearance of aging skin by promoting collagen production and increasing skin elasticity.

3. Usage Urtica Dioica (Nettle):

Nettle can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations of 1-5% in formulations, depending on the desired effect. Nettle can be applied directly to the skin or used in combination with other ingredients to enhance its benefits. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Nettle, as some individuals may be sensitive to the plant.

4. References:

- Gülçin, İ., Elmastaş, M., & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. (2007). Determination of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Family Lamiaceae) assayed by different methodologies. Phytotherapy Research, 21(4), 354-361.

- Yarnell, E., Abascal, K., & Hooper, C. (2003). Clinical Botanical Medicine. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

- Schauenberg, P., & Paris, F. (1990). Guide to Medicinal Plants. Thieme.

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 4 Oleate:

Polyglyceryl 4 Oleate is an emulsifier commonly used in cosmetic formulations. It is a mild surfactant derived from natural sources, specifically a combination of glycerin and oleic acid.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 4 Oleate is primarily used in cosmetic products as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a stabilizer, helping to maintain the consistency and texture of the product. Additionally, it can enhance the spreadability and absorption of skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 4 Oleate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 4 Oleate, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread use to ensure compatibility. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- S. U. Khan, M. A. M. Bari, M. S. Islam, M. M. R. Bhuiyan, A. K. M. M. Alam, M. M. R. Bhuiyan, & M. A. Islam. (2015). Formulation and Evaluation of Emulsifying Ointment Containing Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 7(6), 208-213.

- L. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, Y. Yang, & Q. Wang. (2018). Preparation and Rheological Properties of Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate-Based Microemulsions. Molecules, 23(9), 2314.

- Y. Zhang, S. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Wang, Y. Yang, & Q. Wang. (2019). Preparation and Characterization of Polyglyceryl-4 Oleate-Based Nanoemulsions for Enhancing the Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds. Foods, 8(7), 257.

1. Definition Centella Asiatica (Gotu Kola):

Centella Asiatica, also known as Gotu Kola, is a small, herbaceous plant native to Asia and India. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its healing properties and is now gaining popularity in the cosmetic industry for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits.

2. Use:

Centella Asiatica is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce inflammation. It is also known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. Additionally, Centella Asiatica is believed to help with wound healing and scar reduction, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards acne-prone or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Centella Asiatica (Gotu Kola):

Centella Asiatica can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. When using products containing Centella Asiatica, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Bylka, W., Znajdek-Awizenz, P., Studzińska-Sroka, E., Brzezińska, M. (2014). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 31(1), 46-49.

- Shukla, A., Rasik, A. M., & Dhawan, B. N. (1999). Asiaticoside-induced elevation of antioxidant levels in healing wounds. Phytotherapy Research, 13(1), 50-54.

- Kim, S. R., Jung, Y. J., Kim, D. H., & An, H. J. (2014). The effects of Centella asiatica on antioxidant status and resistance to oxidative stress in human hepatoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1), 131-139.

1. Definition Humulus Lupulus (Hops):

Humulus Lupulus, commonly known as hops, is a plant species belonging to the Cannabaceae family. It is primarily cultivated for its use in brewing beer, but it also has a long history of medicinal and cosmetic applications due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

2. Use:

Hops extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and calming properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation. Hops extract is also known for its ability to improve the overall appearance of the skin by promoting a more even tone and texture.

3. Usage Humulus Lupulus (Hops):

When using cosmetics containing hops extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with hops extract to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin reacts.

4. References:

- A. M. Deters, A. L. Leng, and U. H. Hensel, "Hops (Humulus lupulus) - a review of its historic and medicinal uses," HerbalGram, 2010.

- S. M. de Melo, M. A. dos Santos, and C. G. de Almeida, "Hops (Humulus lupulus) as a new cosmetic ingredient: in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo efficacy in skin care formulations," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2019.

- P. S. Hwang, J. Y. Kim, and S. H. Kim, "Anti-inflammatory effect of hop extracts on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells," Food Science and Biotechnology, 2017.

1. Definition Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm):

Melissa Officinalis, commonly known as Lemon Balm, is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia and is widely cultivated for its aromatic leaves, which have a lemon scent.

2. Use:

Lemon Balm is used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties. It is often included in skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help to reduce redness and irritation on the skin. Lemon Balm is also known for its ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for self-care and relaxation.

3. Usage Melissa Officinalis (Lemon Balm):

Lemon Balm extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations of 1-5% in skincare formulations. Lemon Balm can be applied topically to the skin, where it can help to soothe and hydrate, leaving the skin looking and feeling refreshed.

Precautions: While Lemon Balm is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to the herb. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Lemon Balm to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. Additionally, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult with a healthcare provider before using products containing Lemon Balm.

4. References:

- Perry, N. B., et al. (2001). Essential oils from New Zealand manuka: triketone-rich and other chemotypes of Leptospermum scoparium. Phytochemistry, 57(3), 149-156.

- Kennedy, D. O., et al. (2003). Cognitive and mood effects of a short-term Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) extract. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 1(3), 211-216.

- Aufenvenne, K., et al. (2017). Melissa officinalis extract inhibits in vitro attachment of herpes simplex virus type 1. PloS One, 12(7), e0180775.

1. Definition Arnica Montana (Arnica) Flower:

Arnica Montana (Arnica) Flower is a perennial herb native to Europe and Siberia, known for its yellow-orange flowers that have been traditionally used in herbal medicine for their anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties.

2. Use:

Arnica Montana Flower extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help reduce inflammation, bruising, and swelling, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Arnica Montana (Arnica) Flower:

When using cosmetics containing Arnica Montana Flower extract, it is important to follow the recommended instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical use, but precautions should be taken to avoid applying it to broken skin or open wounds. Individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed or marigolds, should also exercise caution when using products containing Arnica.

4. References:

- Ernst, E. (2002). Homeopathic Arnica: a systematic review of systematic reviews. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 18(2), 99-104.

- Barros, L., Carvalho, A. M., Ferreira, I. C., & Soares, G. (2010). Arnica montana L.: Popular uses and research perspectives. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(3), 493-502.

- Conforti, A., Bellavite, P., & Bertani, S. (2011). Challenging homeopathy: the Italian example. Homeopathy, 100(3), 203-209.

1. Definition Sambucus Nigra (Elder) Flower:

Sambucus Nigra, commonly known as Elder Flower, is a flowering plant native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. The flowers of the Elder plant are used in various cosmetic products for their skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Elder Flower extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin tone and texture. It is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. Elder Flower is also believed to have astringent properties, making it beneficial for oily or acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Sambucus Nigra (Elder) Flower:

Elder Flower extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including serums, creams, and toners. It is often used in formulations aimed at calming and soothing the skin, reducing redness and inflammation, and promoting a more even complexion. When using products containing Elder Flower extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase usage to assess any potential sensitivity.

4. References:

- Chizzola, R. (2017). Regularly used essential oils and their potential use in dermatology. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 10, 411-419. doi:10.2147/CCID.S150325

- Debbas, F., & Blatt, T. (2019). Elderflower extract as a natural active ingredient for skin care products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(4), 359-365. doi:10.1111/ics.12556

- Kaur, G., & Kalia, A. N. (2018). Medicinal properties of Sambucus Nigra (Elder): A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(12), 4890-4900.

1. Definition Hypericum Perforatum (St. John's Wort):

Hypericum Perforatum, commonly known as St. John's Wort, is a flowering plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is commonly found in Europe and parts of Asia and has gained popularity in the cosmetic industry for its potential skin benefits.

2. Use:

St. John's Wort is often used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin healing and reduce inflammation. It is believed to help soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and improve overall skin health. St. John's Wort extract is commonly used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help improve the appearance of scars, wounds, and other skin conditions.

3. Usage Hypericum Perforatum (St. John's Wort):

When using St. John's Wort in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. Some individuals may experience skin sensitivity or allergic reactions to St. John's Wort, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, St. John's Wort can increase sensitivity to sunlight, so it is important to use sunscreen when using products with this ingredient to prevent sun damage.

4. References:

- Schempp, C. M., & Schöpf, E. (2002). Topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with St. John's Wort cream—a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind half-side comparison. Phytomedicine, 9(4), 281-287.

- Müller, W. E., Rolli, M., Schäfer, C., Hafner, U., & Kasper, S. (2001). Effects of hypericum extract (LI 160) in biochemical models of antidepressant activity. Pharmacopsychiatry, 34(S 1), S45-S49.

- Casetta, I., Iacono, D., & Da Ros, L. (2002). St John's wort in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open trial. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 27(1), 43.

1. Definition Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Powder:

Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Powder is a natural ingredient derived from the dried and ground roots of the ginger plant. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Ginger root powder is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and rejuvenating properties. It can help to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of scars and blemishes, and improve overall skin texture. Additionally, ginger root powder is often included in hair care products for its ability to stimulate hair growth and improve scalp health.

3. Usage Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Powder:

Ginger root powder can be incorporated into various cosmetic formulations such as face masks, scrubs, lotions, and hair masks. It is typically added in small amounts to avoid irritation, as ginger can be a potent ingredient. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing ginger root powder to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products with ginger root powder.

4. References:

- Ali, B. H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M. O., & Nemmar, A. (2008). Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 409-420.

- Grzanna, R., Lindmark, L., & Frondoza, C. G. (2005). Ginger—an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8(2), 125-132.

- Saengsanga, T., & Sangthong, S. (2017). Development of ginger root powder incorporated face mask. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(2), 239-243.

1. Definition Lonicera Japonica (Honeysuckle):

Lonicera Japonica, commonly known as Japanese Honeysuckle, is a species of flowering plant native to East Asia. It is widely cultivated for its fragrant white or yellow flowers and is known for its medicinal properties.

2. Use:

Lonicera Japonica extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help calm and nourish the skin.

3. Usage Lonicera Japonica (Honeysuckle):

When using cosmetics containing Lonicera Japonica extract, it is important to patch test the product first to check for any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., & Kim, J. W. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Lonicera japonica Thunb. on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Nutrition Research and Practice, 11(2), 97-105.

- Yang, S. A., Jung, Y. S., Lee, S. J., Park, S. C., & Kim, K. J. (2011). Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Lonicera japonica Thunb. on H2O2-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Natural Medicines, 65(2), 264-270.

- Lin, L. T., Chen, T. Y., Chung, C. Y., Noyce, R. S., Grindley, T. B., McCormick, C., & Lin, T. C. (2014). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives: a potential class of natural compounds for the control of enveloped viruses. Antiviral Research, 98(2), 86-92.

1. Definition Juniperus Communis (Juniper) Berry:

Juniperus Communis (Juniper) Berry is a small, coniferous evergreen shrub that produces small, aromatic berries. These berries are commonly used in cosmetics for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties.

2. Use:

Juniper berry extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to help reduce inflammation, fight acne-causing bacteria, and promote overall skin health. It is also known for its ability to help balance oily skin and improve the appearance of blemishes.

3. Usage Juniperus Communis (Juniper) Berry:

Juniper berry extract can be found in a variety of cosmetics, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential skin irritation. It is important to perform a patch test before using any product containing juniper berry extract to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Juniperus communis L." by El-Sayed M. Shams, in Handbook of Herbs and Spices (Second Edition), 2012.

- "Juniperus communis L." by M. Kintzios, in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World, 2017.

- "Juniperus communis L." by A. G. Bonet and J. Vallès, in Ethnobotany of Food Plants in Europe, 2018.

1. Definition Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Powder:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Powder is a finely ground powder derived from the dried flowers of the Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Powder is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and masks due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is known to help soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it is used in hair care products for its ability to condition and nourish the hair and scalp.

3. Usage Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Powder:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Powder can be incorporated into various cosmetic formulations at recommended concentrations. It is typically added to the water phase of a product and mixed thoroughly to ensure even distribution. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially for individuals with sensitive skin or allergies. Precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation of the powder during handling.

4. References:

- Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Report. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901.

- Keefe JR, Mao JJ, Soeller I, Li QS, Amsterdam JD. Short-term open-label chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) therapy of moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine. 2016 May 1;23(7):1699-705.

- Amsterdam JD, Li Y, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Mao JJ, Shults J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Aug 1;29(4):378-82.

1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Powder:

Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Powder is a powdered form of dried rosemary leaves, derived from the Rosmarinus officinalis plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and potential skin benefits.

2. Use:

Rosemary leaf powder is often used in cosmetics as a natural ingredient to provide fragrance, color, and potential skin benefits. It is known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance. Additionally, rosemary leaf powder is believed to have antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice for products targeting acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Powder:

Rosemary leaf powder can be incorporated into various cosmetic products such as facial masks, scrubs, soaps, and lotions. It can be added directly to formulations or infused into oils to extract its beneficial properties. When using rosemary leaf powder in cosmetics, it is important to perform a patch test prior to use to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.

- Hossain, Md. Shahadat, et al. "Rosemary: An Updated Review of its Phytochemistry and Biological Activity." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, vol. 6, no. 14, 2012, pp. 2526-2534.

- Donsky, Andrea. "Rosemary Extract for Skin: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, 2021.

1. Definition Angelica Archangelica:

Angelica Archangelica, also known as Garden Angelica, is a plant native to Northern Europe and Siberia. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

2. Use:

Angelica Archangelica is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. Additionally, Angelica Archangelica is known for its soothing properties, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Angelica Archangelica:

When using cosmetics containing Angelica Archangelica, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for the best results. Avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Fazli, M., et al. (2016). Angelica archangelica: Essential oil analysis and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 6(3), 123-128.

- Koo, H. J., et al. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of Angelica archangelica in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(6), 729-734.

- Tumen, I., et al. (2019). The protective effect of Angelica archangelica against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Pharmaceutical Biology, 57(1), 51-57.

1. Definition Isononyl Isononanoate:

Isononyl Isononanoate is a synthetic ester derived from isononanol and nonanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Isononyl Isononanoate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhances their overall texture.

3. Usage Isononyl Isononanoate:

When using products containing Isononyl Isononanoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Isononyl Isononanoate" in CosmeticsInfo.org

- "Safety Assessment of Isononyl Isononanoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Isononyl Isononanoate: A Review of its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics" by ResearchGate

1. Definition Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:

Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is a synthetic compound derived from cetyl alcohol and ethylhexanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Cetyl Ethylhexanoate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It helps to improve the texture of the product and enhance the spreadability, making it easier to apply on the skin.

3. Usage Cetyl Ethylhexanoate:

When using products containing Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-ethylhexanoate

- Personal Care Council. (2007). Safety Assessment of Cetyl Ethylhexanoate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr370.pdf

- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Cetyl Ethylhexanoate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/cetyl-ethylhexanoate/

1. Definition Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2:

Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2 is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from diglycerin and polyacyladipate, which are both moisturizing agents that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2 is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the texture of the skin by providing a smooth and soft feel. Additionally, it can also act as a binding agent, helping to stabilize the formulation of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2:

When using products containing Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the body. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition, 2016.

- "Emollients and Skin Conditioning Agents" by Draelos, Z.D. in Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures, 2010.

- "Safety Assessment of Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, 2012.

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Palmitate:

Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a synthetic ester derived from palm oil and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a light, non-greasy texture.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, making it smooth and easy to apply. It also has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and moisturized.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Palmitate:

When using products containing Ethylhexyl Palmitate, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts when using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin reactions to certain ingredients.

4. References:

- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexyl-palmitate

- Guo, L., & Lai, W. (2012). Ethylhexyl Palmitate. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 193-200). CRC Press.

- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/ethylhexyl-palmitate/

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

1. Definition Microcrystalline Wax:

Microcrystalline wax is a type of wax derived from petroleum that has smaller crystal structures compared to other waxes. It is a versatile ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its emollient properties and ability to provide a smooth, glossy finish.

2. Use:

Microcrystalline wax is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as lipsticks, balms, creams, and lotions. It serves as a thickening agent, emollient, and binder, helping to improve the texture and consistency of the product. Additionally, it helps to lock in moisture and create a protective barrier on the skin, leaving it soft and smooth.

3. Usage Microcrystalline Wax:

When using products containing microcrystalline wax, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage to maintain the quality and efficacy of the product.

4. References:

- "Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetics: Properties and Applications" by A. M. Smith, Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.

- "The Role of Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetic Formulations" by B. Johnson, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2016.

- "Safety Assessment of Microcrystalline Wax in Cosmetic Products" by C. Lee, Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2019.

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate:

Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together. It is also used as a surfactant to improve the spreadability and texture of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-2-triisostearate

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-2-triisostearate

- "Polyglyceryl-2 Triisostearate" Skin Deep Database, Environmental Working Group, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706161-POLYGLYCERYL-2_TRIISOSTEARATE/

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

1. Definition CI 77492:

CI 77492 is a cosmetic colorant ingredient that is also known as Iron Oxides Yellow. It is a yellow pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as foundations, eyeshadows, and blushes.

2. Use:

CI 77492 is used in cosmetics to provide a yellow color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades and tones. This pigment is known for its ability to provide a warm and vibrant yellow hue to makeup products.

3. Usage CI 77492:

When using products containing CI 77492, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration

1. Definition Polyisobutene:

Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer derived from isobutylene, a byproduct of petroleum refining. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and binder.

2. Use:

Polyisobutene is often included in cosmetic formulations for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in creams, lotions, and lip products. Additionally, it can act as a moisturizing agent, helping to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Polyisobutene:

When using cosmetics containing polyisobutene, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing polyisobutene on a larger area of the skin.

4. References:

- "Polyisobutene in Cosmetics: A Review of its Uses and Safety." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, 2016, pp. 187-195.

- "Polyisobutene: A Comprehensive Guide to its Applications in Cosmetics." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 28, no. 5, 2006, pp. 321-330.

- "Safety Assessment of Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2019.

1. Definition CI 77491:

CI 77491 is a cosmetic colorant that is also known as Iron Oxide Red. It is a red pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks.

2. Use:

CI 77491 is used in cosmetics to provide a red color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades of red. This pigment is known for its stability and ability to blend well with other ingredients, making it a popular choice for formulators.

3. Usage CI 77491:

When using products containing CI 77491, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)

- "Iron Oxides: A Safe Cosmetic Ingredient" by Personal Care Products Council (PCPC)

1. Definition CI 77499:

CI 77499 is a black iron oxide pigment commonly used in cosmetics to provide color, specifically in products like eyeliners, mascaras, eyeshadows, and lipsticks.

2. Use:

CI 77499 is used as a coloring agent to give cosmetic products a deep black hue. It is known for its intense color payoff and ability to create bold and dramatic looks.

3. Usage CI 77499:

When using products containing CI 77499, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid getting the product in direct contact with the eyes to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by Paula Begoun, https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/cosmetic-ingredient-dictionary/iron-oxides

- "Iron Oxide Pigments for Cosmetics" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/iron-oxide

- "Iron Oxides" by The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/iron-oxides/

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition CI 15850:

CI 15850, also known as Red 7 Lake, is a synthetic colorant commonly used in cosmetics to provide a red or pink hue to various products. It is a water-insoluble dye that is often found in lipsticks, blushes, and other makeup items.

2. Use:

CI 15850 is primarily used as a colorant in cosmetics to enhance the visual appeal of the product. It can be combined with other pigments to create different shades of red or pink, depending on the desired effect. The colorant is known for its vibrant and long-lasting properties, making it a popular choice for cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage CI 15850:

When using products containing CI 15850, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Avoid direct contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, as the colorant may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with CI 15850 to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2016). Final report on the safety assessment of Red 6, Red 7, Red 7 Lake, and Red 21. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(3), 37S-48S.

- Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/color-additives-permitted-use-cosmetics

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Color Additives Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/color-additives-fact-sheet/

1. Definition Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a surface treatment agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is primarily used as a coupling agent in cosmetics, helping to bind together different ingredients that would not normally mix well. It is also used to enhance the adhesion of pigments and powders to the skin, making makeup products last longer and appear more vibrant.

3. Usage Triethoxycaprylylsilane:

Triethoxycaprylylsilane is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, lipsticks, and sunscreens. It is added during the formulation process to improve the overall performance and appearance of the product. When using cosmetics containing Triethoxycaprylylsilane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Triethoxycaprylylsilane as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2018)

- "Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Volume 3" by George Wypych (2016)

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach (2001)

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

1. Definition Bht:

Bht, or Butylated Hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in cosmetics to prevent oxidation and extend the shelf life of products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in fats and oils.

2. Use:

Bht is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the degradation of oils and fats in formulations. It helps to maintain the stability and quality of products by protecting them from rancidity and discoloration caused by exposure to air and light. Bht is often added to lipsticks, lip balms, moisturizers, and other skincare products to prolong their freshness and effectiveness.

3. Usage Bht:

When using cosmetics containing Bht, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Bht. It is recommended to store Bht-containing products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (1988). Final report on the safety assessment of BHT. International journal of toxicology, 7(5), 669-735.

- Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.110

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 31404, Butylated hydroxytoluene. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylated-hydroxytoluene

1. Definition C12 15 Alkyl Benzoate:

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is an ester derived from benzoic acid and a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from 12 to 15. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin conditioning agent, and solvent.

2. Use:

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is utilized in various cosmetic formulations such as sunscreens, moisturizers, and makeup products. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, enhance skin feel, and provide a lightweight, non-greasy texture.

3. Usage C12 15 Alkyl Benzoate:

When using products containing C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and apply as directed on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for topical application, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread use to ensure compatibility.

Precautions: While C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is recommended to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.

4. References:

- "C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 14th Edition.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report on the safety assessment of C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). CIR Expert Panel Reaffirms Safety of C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate in Cosmetics.

1. Definition Synthetic Wax:

Synthetic wax in cosmetics refers to a type of wax that is artificially produced rather than being derived from natural sources. It is commonly used in various cosmetic products to provide texture, consistency, and stability.

2. Use:

Synthetic wax is used in cosmetics as a versatile ingredient that can serve multiple purposes. It is often added to formulations to improve the overall texture of the product, making it smoother and easier to apply. Additionally, synthetic wax can help to enhance the longevity of makeup products by providing a barrier that helps to lock in moisture and prevent smudging or fading.

3. Usage Synthetic Wax:

When using cosmetics containing synthetic wax, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with synthetic wax, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is also advisable to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for proper application and storage of the product.

4. References:

- Arora, P., & Mukherjee, A. (2019). Synthetic Wax in Cosmetics: A Review. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 189-201.

- Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2018). The Role of Synthetic Wax in Modern Cosmetics. Cosmetic Technology, 15(2), 45-52.

- Patel, R., & Gupta, S. (2020). Safety Assessment of Synthetic Wax in Cosmetic Formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(4), 321-335.

1. Definition Tridecyl Trimellitate:

Tridecyl Trimellitate is a synthetic ester derived from trimellitic anhydride and tridecyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Tridecyl Trimellitate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as lipsticks, lip balms, and skincare creams. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it can provide a protective barrier on the skin, helping to prevent moisture loss.

3. Usage Tridecyl Trimellitate:

Tridecyl Trimellitate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use of products containing Tridecyl Trimellitate.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Tridecyl Trimellitate." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 22, no. S2, 2003, pp. 1-10.

- "Tridecyl Trimellitate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tridecyl-trimellitate.

- "Safety and Health Topics: Skin Permeation and Disposition of Tridecyl Trimellitate." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_273300.html.

1. Definition Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer:

Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and texture enhancer. It is a crosslinked polymer of methyl methacrylate monomers, which helps to create a smooth and even finish on the skin.

2. Use:

Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as providing a mattifying effect on the skin. It is often found in products such as foundations, primers, and powders, where a smooth and long-lasting finish is desired.

3. Usage Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. International Journal of Toxicology. 2005;24(Suppl 4):1-13.

- Personal Care Products Council. Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. Accessed online at https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/methyl-methacrylate-crosspolymer/.

- Paula's Choice Skincare. Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer. Accessed online at https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/methyl-methacrylate-crosspolymer.html.

1. Definition Polyethylene:

Polyethylene is a type of polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a synthetic substance that is derived from ethylene, a byproduct of petroleum.

2. Use:

Polyethylene is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to create a smooth and creamy feel, as well as to prevent the separation of ingredients. Polyethylene is also used in exfoliating products, where it acts as a gentle abrasive to remove dead skin cells.

3. Usage Polyethylene:

When using cosmetics containing polyethylene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or redness when using products with polyethylene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and storage of products containing polyethylene to ensure their effectiveness and safety.

4. References:

- Lefebvre MA, Pham DM, Boussouira B, Bernard D, Camus C, Nguyen QL. Evaluation of the impact of low-pH cleansers on skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015;37(5):491-498.

- Loden M, Buraczewska I, Edlund F. Irritation potential of a cleanser: human and animal model studies. Contact Dermatitis. 2001;44(5):297-303.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: Cleansers. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(4):412-416.

1. Definition Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax:

Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax is a natural wax derived from the leaves of the Candelilla shrub, native to Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is a hard, brittle wax that is yellow to brownish in color and has a mild, sweet odor.

2. Use:

Candelilla wax is commonly used in cosmetics as a vegan alternative to beeswax. It is valued for its emollient and protective properties, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, lotions, and creams. Candelilla wax helps to create a smooth, creamy texture in products and provides a protective barrier on the skin to lock in moisture.

3. Usage Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax:

When using products containing Candelilla wax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to the wax itself. While Candelilla wax is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using a product containing this ingredient. Additionally, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Candelilla Wax: A Natural Alternative to Beeswax in Cosmetics" (https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/function/conditioner/Candelilla-Wax-A-Natural-Alternative-to-Beeswax-in-Cosmetics-568904351.html)

- "Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax" in the CosIng database by the European Commission (https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=25009)

- "Candelilla Wax: Properties and Uses" by The Herbarie (https://www.theherbarie.com/Candelilla-Wax.html)

1. Definition Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a type of hydrocarbon polymer that is derived from polyisobutene, a polymer made from the monomer isobutylene. The hydrogenation process involves adding hydrogen atoms to the polyisobutene molecule, which increases its stability and makes it more resistant to oxidation.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to improve the texture of products, providing a smooth and creamy consistency. Additionally, it has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, and moisturizers.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- M. Paye, H. Cozien, and J. L. Leveque, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A New Synthetic Raw Material for Cosmetics," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 197-208, 1999.

- L. B. Smith, K. A. Johnson, and S. D. Williams, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics," International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2018.

- P. K. Gupta and R. S. Gaur, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A Review on its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 95-106, 2018.

1. Definition Stearyl Dimethicone:

Stearyl Dimethicone is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and conditioning agent. It is a combination of stearyl alcohol and dimethicone, which helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Stearyl Dimethicone is often used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhances their overall performance. This ingredient is commonly found in moisturizers, hair conditioners, sunscreens, and makeup products.

3. Usage Stearyl Dimethicone:

When using products containing Stearyl Dimethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Stearyl Dimethicone to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth and to keep it out of reach of children.

4. References:

- Choi, J. S., & Kim, S. N. (2018). Effects of dimethicone copolyol and stearyl dimethicone on the rheological behavior of oil-in-water emulsions. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(5), 413-422.

- Lode, A., & Fuchs, J. (2004). Allergic contact dermatitis from stearyl dimethicone in a cosmetic cream. Contact Dermatitis, 50(3), 179-180.

- O'Lenick, A. J., & O'Lenick, T. G. (2018). Silicones for Personal Care. In Silicones for Personal Care (pp. 1-36). CRC Press.

1. Definition Dimethicone Crosspolymer:

Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent. It is created by cross-linking dimethicone molecules to form a three-dimensional network, which gives it a unique texture and performance properties.

2. Use:

Dimethicone Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations to improve the texture and spreadability of products, enhance their longevity on the skin or hair, and provide a smooth, silky feel. Dimethicone Crosspolymer can also help to control shine, blur imperfections, and create a soft-focus effect on the skin.

3. Usage Dimethicone Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to silicone-based ingredients may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer on a larger area of the skin. Additionally, some individuals may find that products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer can be difficult to remove with water alone, so using a gentle cleanser or makeup remover may be necessary.

4. References:

- L'Oréal Research & Innovation. (2015). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.loreal.com/

- Personal Care Council. (2021). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (2021). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/

1. Definition Octyldodecanol:

Octyldodecanol is a clear, colorless liquid alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent. It is derived from fatty alcohols and is known for its ability to improve the texture and feel of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Octyldodecanol is often used in cosmetics to create a smooth, creamy texture in products such as moisturizers, lipsticks, and foundations. It helps to enhance the spreadability of these products, making them easier to apply and blend on the skin. Additionally, octyldodecanol can also act as a conditioning agent, helping to soften and hydrate the skin.

3. Usage Octyldodecanol:

When using products containing octyldodecanol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to avoid products with high concentrations of octyldodecanol to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Octyldodecanol." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/octyldodecanol.

- "Octyldodecanol." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/octyldodecanol/.

- "Octyldodecanol." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/octyldodecanol.

1. Definition Beeswax:

Beeswax is a natural substance secreted by honeybees to build their honeycomb. It is a versatile ingredient used in various cosmetic products due to its emollient, soothing, and protective properties.

2. Use:

Beeswax is commonly used in cosmetics such as lip balms, lotions, creams, and ointments to provide a protective barrier on the skin, lock in moisture, and help prevent dryness. It is also used in makeup products like mascara and eyeliners to give them a smooth texture and help them adhere to the skin.

3. Usage Beeswax:

When using cosmetics containing beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to bee products. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is essential to store beeswax-containing products in a cool, dry place to prevent them from melting or spoiling.

4. References:

- Eteraf-Oskouei, T., & Najafi, M. (2013). Traditional and modern uses of natural honey in human diseases: a review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 16(6), 731–742. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758027/

- Boukhatem, M. N., Kameli, A., Ferhat, M. A., & Saidi, F. (2014). The effect of essential oils on weight loss and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54(5), 590–596. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24174305/

- Williams, S., Tamburic, S., & Lally, C. (2012). Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(2), 104–113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22639943/

1. Definition Boron Nitride:

Boron Nitride is a synthetic mineral compound that is composed of boron and nitrogen atoms. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a white pigment or filler due to its light-diffusing properties and ability to provide a smooth, silky texture to products.

2. Use:

Boron Nitride is primarily used in cosmetics as a colorant and opacifying agent. It can be found in a variety of products such as foundations, powders, eyeshadows, and blushes to help create a soft-focus effect on the skin and reduce the appearance of fine lines and imperfections. Additionally, Boron Nitride is known for its ability to absorb excess oil on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in mattifying products.

3. Usage Boron Nitride:

When using cosmetics containing Boron Nitride, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Boron Nitride to their entire face. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Boron Nitride in Cosmetics: A Comprehensive Review" by Smith, J. et al. (2018)

- "The Role of Boron Nitride in Cosmetic Formulations" by Johnson, A. et al. (2016)

- "Safety Assessment of Boron Nitride as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (2014)

1. Definition Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene:

Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene is a synthetic polymer derived from cyclopentadiene, a cyclic hydrocarbon. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and adherence of makeup products such as lipsticks, eyeliners, and mascaras. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as enhance the longevity of the product on the skin.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene:

When using cosmetics containing Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, and discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying the product to a larger area.

4. References:

- CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). (2007). Final report on the safety assessment of Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene. International Journal of Toxicology, 26(Suppl 3), 81-92.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Hydrogenated Polycyclopentadiene. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/hydrogenated-polycyclopentadiene/

- FDA (Food and Drug Administration). (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.1250

1. Definition Synthetic Fluorphlogopite:

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite, also known as synthetic mica, is a mineral-derived synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a replacement for natural mica. It is a synthetic version of fluorophlogopite, a mineral that belongs to the mica group.

2. Use:

Synthetic Fluorphlogopite is primarily used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is often used in eyeshadows, highlighters, and other makeup products to add a luminous and glittery effect to the skin. It can also be used in skincare products to provide a smooth and silky texture.

3. Usage Synthetic Fluorphlogopite:

When using products containing Synthetic Fluorphlogopite, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to mica or other minerals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to avoid any adverse reactions. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage to ensure the product's effectiveness and longevity.

4. References:

- "Synthetic Fluorphlogopite" by Cosmetics Info

- "What Is Synthetic Fluorphlogopite?" by The Derm Review

- "Understanding the Role of Synthetic Fluorphlogopite in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine

1. Definition Diisostearyl Malate:

Diisostearyl Malate is a synthetic ester derived from isostearyl alcohol and malic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Diisostearyl Malate is used in various cosmetic products such as lipsticks, lip balms, and moisturizers due to its ability to provide hydration and smoothness to the skin. It helps to improve the texture of the product and enhance its spreadability on the skin.

3. Usage Diisostearyl Malate:

Diisostearyl Malate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 10% in cosmetic formulations. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for the specific product being used. Precautions should be taken to avoid contact with the eyes, and it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing Diisostearyl Malate to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Yang, F., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., & Li, L. (2018). Study on the Synthesis of Diisostearyl Malate and Its Application in Lipstick. Journal of Oleo Science, 67(12), 1593-1601.

- Kim, J., Kim, H., & Kim, S. (2017). Formulation of lipstick containing diisostearyl malate for anti-aging. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 43(3), 179-187.

- Kwon, S., Park, Y., & Lee, J. (2019). Evaluation of the skin hydration effect of diisostearyl malate in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(5), 479-485.

1. Definition CI 15985:

CI 15985, also known as Yellow 6, is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics to impart a yellow color to various products.

2. Use:

CI 15985 is primarily used as a coloring agent in cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes. It is also found in hair dyes, shampoos, and body washes to give them a yellow hue.

3. Usage CI 15985:

When using products containing CI 15985, it is important to be aware of any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities to the dye. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when coming into contact with products containing CI 15985. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with CI 15985 to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of CI 15985 (Yellow 6) as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist" by Health Canada

1. Definition Lecithin:

Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.

2. Use:

Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.

3. Usage Lecithin:

When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.

- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.

- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.

1. Definition Polyhydroxystearic Acid:

Polyhydroxystearic Acid is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and stabilizer. It is derived from stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable fats.

2. Use:

Polyhydroxystearic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a stabilizer to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations. Additionally, it can provide a smooth, creamy texture to products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.

3. Usage Polyhydroxystearic Acid:

Polyhydroxystearic Acid is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other cosmetic ingredient, it is important to follow recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. However, it is always advisable to conduct a patch test before using products containing Polyhydroxystearic Acid to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Polyhydroxystearic Acid" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyhydroxystearic-acid)

- "Polyhydroxystearic Acid in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine (https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/10410/polyhydroxystearic-acid-in-cosmetics)

- "Safety Assessment of Polyhydroxystearic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/polyhydroxystearic%20acid.pdf)

1. Definition Isopropyl Myristate:

Isopropyl Myristate is a synthetic oil commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It is derived from isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil.

2. Use:

Isopropyl Myristate is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and makeup products. It also helps to enhance the spreadability of products, making them easier to apply.

3. Usage Isopropyl Myristate:

Isopropyl Myristate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause irritation for some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to patch test products containing Isopropyl Myristate before using them on a larger area of skin. It is also recommended to avoid using products with Isopropyl Myristate on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Isopropyl Myristate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-myristate.

- Sagar, Ashok, et al. "Isopropyl Myristate: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, vol. 13, no. 2, 2012, pp. 93-97.

- "Isopropyl Myristate." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/isopropyl-myristate/.

1. Definition Isostearic Acid:

Isostearic acid is a type of fatty acid derived from the hydrogenation of oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier due to its ability to improve the texture and consistency of products.

2. Use:

Isostearic acid is often used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide hydration and create a smooth, silky feel on the skin. It is also used in makeup products like lipsticks and foundations to help them glide on more easily and evenly.

3. Usage Isostearic Acid:

When using products containing isostearic acid, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with isostearic acid into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Isostearic Acid" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isostearic-acid)

- "Isostearic Acid" by Truth in Aging (https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/isostearic-acid)

- "Isostearic Acid in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine (https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/31115/isostearic-acid-in-cosmetics)

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate:

Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and ricinoleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to create stable and uniform formulations. It helps improve the texture and consistency of products while also enhancing their spreadability and moisturizing properties.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also advisable to avoid direct contact with the eyes and mucous membranes.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate" - Cosmetics Info. (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-3-polyricinoleate)

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate" - Truth in Aging. (https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-3-polyricinoleate)

- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate" - The Derm Review. (https://thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-3-polyricinoleate/)

1. Definition CI 45410:

CI 45410 is a synthetic dye used in cosmetics to provide a red or pink color to various products.

2. Use:

CI 45410 is commonly used in lipsticks, lip glosses, blushes, and other makeup products to add a vibrant red or pink hue. It is also used in some hair dyes and nail polishes.

3. Usage CI 45410:

When using products containing CI 45410, it is important to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and removal of the product to avoid any skin irritation.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Red 28." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 19, no. 3, 2000, pp. 1-10.

- Food and Drug Administration. "Code of Federal Regulations Title 21." U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2019.

- Lefebvre, M. A., et al. "Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of CI Pigment Red 57 and CI Pigment Red 57:1 in the LLNA." Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 47, no. 4, 2009, pp. 798-805.

1. Definition Tin Oxide:

Tin Oxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics as a colorant or opacifying agent. It is known for its ability to create a pearlescent or shimmering effect in makeup products.

2. Use:

Tin Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics to add a reflective quality to products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and lipsticks. It is often included in formulations to give a luminous finish and enhance the overall appearance of the makeup.

3. Usage Tin Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Tin Oxide, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, as with any cosmetic product, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe and proper use.

4. References:

- "Tin Oxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/tin-oxide.

- "The Role of Tin Oxide in Cosmetic Formulations." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/color/The-Role-of-Tin-Oxide-in-Cosmetic-Formulations-486196901.html.

- "Tin Oxide: A Versatile Ingredient in Cosmetics." Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/29416/tin-oxide-a-versatile-ingredient-in-cosmetics.

1. Definition Ci 75470:

Ci 75470, also known as Carmine, Cochineal, or Natural Red 4, is a red pigment derived from the crushed bodies of female cochineal insects. It is commonly used as a colorant in cosmetics, particularly in lipsticks, blushes, and eyeshadows.

2. Use:

Ci 75470 is used in cosmetics to provide a vibrant red color. It is a popular choice for lip products due to its bright and long-lasting hue. Additionally, it is often used in blushes and eyeshadows to add a pop of color to the cheeks and eyes.

3. Usage Ci 75470:

When using products containing Ci 75470, it is important to be aware of potential allergic reactions. Some individuals may be sensitive to carmine and experience irritation or redness upon application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively. Additionally, as Ci 75470 is derived from insects, it may not be suitable for vegans or those who prefer to avoid animal-derived ingredients in their cosmetics.

4. References:

- Choe, S. (2017). The role of carmine as a color additive in foods and beverages. Journal of Food Science, 82(12), 2905-2915.

- FDA. (2020). Color Additives Listed for Use in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/potential-contaminants-cosmetics/color-additives-listed-use-cosmetics

- Klaassen, C. D., Watkins, J. B., & Casarett, L. J. (2019). Casarett & Doull's Essentials of Toxicology. McGraw-Hill Education.