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| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | A | (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) |  Silicone |
| 1 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Moisturising) | Silicone Moisturizing |
| 1 | - | (Emollient) |  Fungal Acne Trigger |
| 1 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning, Abrasive) | |
| 1 | A | (Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient) |  Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger |
| 1 | - |  Good for dry skin Anti Aging | |
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
| 4 5 | B | (Preservative) | |
| 8 | A | (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter) | UV Protection  Bad for sensitive skin |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antifoaming Agent) | Silicone |
| 2 4 | B | (Surfactant, Emulsifying) | Cleansing |
| 2 4 | B | (Surfactant, Emulsifying) | Cleansing |
| 3 | A | (Solvent, Humectant) | |
| 6 | - | (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter) | UV Protection Bad for sensitive skin  Fragrance-free |
| 3 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant) | |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents) | Good for dry skin |
| 2 4 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
| 2 | A | (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning) | |
| 8 | - | (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant) | Fragrance-free |
| 7 | - | (Perfuming) |  Allergen Fragrance-free |
| 4 5 | A | (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial) | Allergen Fragrance-free |
| 3 | - | (Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant) | |
| 5 | - | (Cosmetic Colorant) | |
| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling) | |
| 8 | - | (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant) | Fragrance-free |
| 1 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant ) | Good for dry skin Moisturizing |
| 2 4 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
| 1 | - | (Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 2 | B | (Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive) |  Good for sensitive skin Good for dry skin |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Lytic Agent) | |
| 1 | B | (Perfuming, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Antimicrobial Agent) | |
| 3 | B | (Denaturant , Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing |
| 1 4 | B | (Fragrance, Denaturant , Hair Dyeing Masking) | |
| 2 4 | A | (Preservative, Antioxidant, Reducing) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Humectant) | |
| 1 | A | (Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous) | |
| 2 4 | - | (Soothing, Cosmetic Astringent, Cosmetic Biocide) | |
| 1 | B | (Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic) |  Good for oily skin Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents) | Good for dry skin |
| 1 2 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning) | Cleansing |
| 3 | A | (Solvent, Humectant, Binding Agent) | |
| 1 | A | (Viscosity Controlling, Binding Agent, Binding, Bulking Agent) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Protecting) | Moisturizing |
| 1 | - | | |
| 1 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| 1 | - | (Hair Conditioning, Antioxidant) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 2 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning) | |
| 2 | - | (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling) | |
| 1 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning) | |
| 1 4 | B | (Fragrance, Humectant, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Humectant) | Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Skin Bleaching Agent) | |
| 1 | - | (Humectant, Astringent, Soothing) | |
| 1 3 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive) | |
| 1 | - | (Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant) | Anti Aging |
| 1 | A | (Humectant, Skin Conditioning) | |
| - | - | | |
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
Cyclopentasiloxane
1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.2. Use:
Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:
When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.
- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.
- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.
Dimethiconol
1. Definition Dimethiconol:
Dimethiconol is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a derivative of dimethicone, which is a type of silicone oil.2. Use:
Dimethiconol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to improve the texture of products and enhance their spreadability. Dimethiconol is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, as well as in skincare products like moisturizers, serums, and primers.3. Usage Dimethiconol:
Dimethiconol is typically safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for application. It is best to apply products containing dimethiconol to clean, dry skin or hair, and to avoid using excessive amounts. Some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or breakouts from products containing dimethiconol, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a new product.4. References:
- Lodeiro, M. (2016). Silicone-based polymers for hair care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 361-374). CRC Press.
- Tadros, T. (2018). Emulsion formation and stability. In Formulation Science and Technology (pp. 225-242). CRC Press.
- Lintner, K. (2007). Silicones in personal care. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 465-478). CRC Press.
Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil
1. Definition Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil:
Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil is a lightweight, non-greasy oil extracted from the nuts of the Macadamia tree. It is rich in essential fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.2. Use:
Macadamia Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it ideal for dry or mature skin types. The oil also has antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. In hair care products, Macadamia Seed Oil can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and more manageable.3. Usage Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil:
Macadamia Seed Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums to enhance their hydrating properties. In hair care products, the oil can be used as a leave-in treatment or added to shampoos and conditioners to help improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product containing Macadamia Seed Oil to ensure there are no adverse reactions.4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.
- International Journal of Cosmetic Science. (2017). "Macadamia nut oil." Wiley Online Library.
- G. M. Cragg, D. J. Newman, and J. B. Kingston. (2011). "Anticancer Agents from Natural Products." CRC Press.
Keratin Amino Acids
1. Definition Keratin Amino Acids:
Keratin Amino Acids are natural proteins that are derived from keratin, a key structural component of hair, skin, and nails. These amino acids are known for their ability to strengthen and repair damaged hair and improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.2. Use:
Keratin Amino Acids are commonly used in cosmetics and hair care products due to their ability to improve the strength, elasticity, and moisture retention of the hair and skin. They can help repair damage caused by heat styling, chemical treatments, and environmental stressors, resulting in smoother, shinier hair and softer, more supple skin.3. Usage Keratin Amino Acids:
Keratin Amino Acids are typically found in shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, serums, and skincare products. To use products containing Keratin Amino Acids, simply apply them to clean, damp hair or skin, massage gently, and leave on for the recommended amount of time before rinsing off. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to avoid overuse, as excessive use of Keratin Amino Acids can lead to buildup and potential damage to the hair and skin.4. References:
- Arévalo, M. I., & Hermida, L. G. (2019). Keratin-based materials for biomedical applications. Biomedical materials, 14(3), 032001.
- Park, S. Y., & Park, S. H. (2019). Effects of hair care products with keratin on damaged hair. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 45(3), 227-234.
- Gavazzoni Dias, M. F. R. (2015). Hair cosmetics: an overview. International journal of trichology, 7(1), 2.
Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract
1. Definition Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract:
Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the jojoba plant. It is known for its moisturizing and emollient properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.2. Use:
Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and lip balms due to its lightweight texture and non-greasy feel. Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is also beneficial for hair care products, as it can help condition and strengthen the hair.3. Usage Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract:
When using products containing Jojoba Seed Oil Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or used as an ingredient in DIY beauty recipes. Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to nuts or seeds should use caution.4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." 7th Edition.
- Dweck, A. C. (2003). "The Jojoba Story." Personal Care Magazine, 4(1), 1-4.
- Meier, L., & Sticher, O. (2004). "Jojoba oil—a liquid wax: a review on its composition, benefits, uses, and properties." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 14(1), 1-6.
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil
1. Definition Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is a natural oil derived from soybeans through a process of extraction. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental stressors. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.3. Usage Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, cleansers, hair masks, and conditioners. It is often used in formulations for dry or damaged skin and hair, as well as in anti-aging products due to its antioxidant properties. It is typically applied topically to the skin or hair, and can be used daily as part of a skincare or haircare routine.4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. W., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Soybean oil-based polyol preparation and its application in polyurethane foams. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 64, 25-32.
- Reiter, M., Walfisz, A., & Wertz, J. (2016). Antioxidant potential of soybean oil enriched with phospholipids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 265-273.
- De Oliveira, D. M., Silva, R. C., & De Oliveira, L. E. (2015). Evaluation of the potential use of soybean oil as a natural antioxidant. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(5), 2808-2816.
Tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Water
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate
1. Definition Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate:
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, also known as IPBC, is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is a white to pale yellow powder with a faint odor and is soluble in water.2. Use:
IPBC is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, creams, and makeup to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can spoil the product and cause skin irritation or infections.3. Usage Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate:
When using cosmetics containing IPBC, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. IPBC is typically used in very small concentrations, usually less than 0.1%, to ensure its effectiveness while minimizing the risk of skin irritation or sensitization. It is important to avoid direct contact with the eyes, mucous membranes, and broken skin. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate. Int J Toxicol. 1995;14 Suppl 1:31-54.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety assessment of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2010 Jan;29(1 Suppl):182S-202S.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 172: Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption. Accessed online at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.210
Benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone)
1. Definition Benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone):
Benzophenone-3, also known as Oxybenzone, is a common ingredient found in many sunscreens and other cosmetic products. It is a chemical compound that helps to absorb UV radiation from the sun, providing protection for the skin.2. Use:
Benzophenone-3 is primarily used as a UV filter in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UV rays. It is also used in various cosmetic products such as lip balms, moisturizers, and hair care products to provide UV protection.3. Usage Benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone):
When using products containing Benzophenone-3, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply sunscreen with Benzophenone-3 generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is recommended to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, especially during peak hours, and to wear protective clothing in addition to using sunscreen.4. References:
- Tovar-Sánchez, A., Sánchez-Quiles, D., Basterretxea, G., Benedé, J. L., Chisvert, A., Salvador, A., & Moreno-Garrido, I. (2013). Sunscreen products as emerging pollutants to coastal waters. PloS one, 8(6), e65451.
- Schlumpf, M., Cotton, B., Conscience, M., Haller, V., Steinmann, B., Lichtensteiger, W., & In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(3), 239-244.
- Matta, M. K., Florian, J., Zusterzeel, R., Pilli, N. R., Patel, V., Volpe, D. A., ... & Nohynek, G. J. (2019). Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 321(21), 2082-2091.
Phenyl Trimethicone
1. Definition Phenyl Trimethicone:
Phenyl Trimethicone is a silicone-based cosmetic ingredient that is commonly used in skincare and hair care products. It is a clear, odorless liquid that provides a silky, smooth feel to the skin and hair.2. Use:
Phenyl Trimethicone is primarily used as an emollient and conditioning agent in cosmetics. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, enhance their texture, and provide a soft, velvety finish. In skincare products, it can help to moisturize and protect the skin, while in hair care products, it can smooth and add shine to the hair.3. Usage Phenyl Trimethicone:
Phenyl Trimethicone is typically found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and styling products. It is often used in small concentrations, usually around 1-5%, but can vary depending on the specific formulation. It is important to note that while Phenyl Trimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and may experience irritation or breakouts. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Phenyl Trimethicone.4. References:
- Chaudhri, S. K., & Singh, S. (2017). Silicone in cosmetics: Safety and performance. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 366-376.
- Lode, O., & Kolstad, J. (2018). Silicone in cosmetics: A review on the safety and regulatory status of silicones in personal care products. Cosmetics, 5(3), 52.
- Lefebvre, M. A., & Van Cutsem, J. (2015). Silicones in cosmetics: A review on their safety. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 71(3), 313-324.
Peg 4 Dilaurate
1. Definition Peg 4 Dilaurate:
Peg 4 Dilaurate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of lauric acid, a saturated fatty acid commonly found in coconut oil. It is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.2. Use:
Peg 4 Dilaurate is commonly used in skincare and hair care products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to stabilize the formulation, improve texture, and enhance the spreadability of the product on the skin or hair.3. Usage Peg 4 Dilaurate:
When using products containing Peg 4 Dilaurate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Peg 4 Dilaurate, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "PEG-4 dilaurate" by PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/PEG-4-dilaurate
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" by FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/polyethylene-glycol-peg-compounds-cosmetics
- "Safety Assessment of PEGylated Oils as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEGylated%20Oils.pdf
Peg 4 Laurate
1. Definition Peg 4 Laurate:
Peg 4 Laurate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of lauric acid, which is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients in skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Peg 4 Laurate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, helping to stabilize and blend together different ingredients in a formulation. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and oil. Additionally, it can improve the texture and feel of a product, making it smoother and easier to apply.3. Usage Peg 4 Laurate:
Peg 4 Laurate is found in a variety of cosmetic products, such as cleansers, moisturizers, and shampoos. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation when using products containing this ingredient. It is important to perform a patch test before using a product with Peg 4 Laurate, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of PEG-4 Laurate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-14.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). PEG-4 Laurate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-4-laurate
- Loretz, L., Api, A. M., Barraj, L., Burdick, J., Dressler, W., Gettings, S., ... & Wilcox, N. (2005). Exposure data for personal care products: hairspray, spray perfume, liquid foundation, shampoo, body wash, and solid antiperspirant. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43(2), 279-319.
Peg 4
1. Definition Peg 4:
Peg 4, also known as polyethylene glycol 4, is a polyethylene glycol compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and thickening agent. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in cosmetic formulations.2. Use:
Peg 4 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to stabilize and emulsify the various ingredients in these products, ensuring that they mix well and provide a smooth and consistent texture. Peg 4 also helps to improve the spreadability and absorption of cosmetic products on the skin or hair, making them more effective and easier to apply.3. Usage Peg 4:
When using products containing Peg 4, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. While Peg 4 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions after using a product containing Peg 4, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- "Polyethylene Glycol" by Paula Begoun, published in Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-restoring/polyethylene-glycol.html
- "Polyethylene Glycol" by Truth In Aging, published in Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyethylene-glycol
- "Polyethylene Glycol" by FDA, published in U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/polyethylene-glycol
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, also known as Octyl Methoxycinnamate, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunscreens as a UV filter. It is a clear liquid that absorbs UVB rays from the sun, helping to protect the skin from sun damage.2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products as a UV filter to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. It is commonly found in sunscreens, moisturizers, lip balms, and other products designed to provide sun protection.3. Usage Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply sunscreen with this ingredient generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to seek shade, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours.4. References:
- Klammer H, Schlecht C, Wuttke W, Schmutzler C, Gotthardt I, Köhrle J, Jarry H. Effects of a 5-day treatment with the UV-filter octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. Toxicology. 2007;238(2-3):192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.017. Epub 2007 Jul 3. PMID: 17658655.
- Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109(3):239-44. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109239. PMID: 11333190; PMCID: PMC1240267.
- Janjua NR, Mogensen B, Andersson AM, Petersen JH, Henriksen M, Skakkebaek NE, Wulf HC. Systemic absorption of the sunscreens benzophenone-3, octyl-methoxycinnamate, and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor after whole-body topical application and reproductive hormone levels in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 May;122(5):1257-61. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22603.x. PMID: 15140223.
Bht
1. Definition Bht:
Bht, or Butylated Hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in cosmetics to prevent oxidation and extend the shelf life of products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in fats and oils.2. Use:
Bht is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the degradation of oils and fats in formulations. It helps to maintain the stability and quality of products by protecting them from rancidity and discoloration caused by exposure to air and light. Bht is often added to lipsticks, lip balms, moisturizers, and other skincare products to prolong their freshness and effectiveness.3. Usage Bht:
When using cosmetics containing Bht, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Bht. It is recommended to store Bht-containing products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (1988). Final report on the safety assessment of BHT. International journal of toxicology, 7(5), 669-735.
- Food and Drug Administration. (2021). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.110
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 31404, Butylated hydroxytoluene. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylated-hydroxytoluene
Butylene Glycol
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Phenoxyethanol
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Ethylhexylglycerin
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Fragrance
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Butylphenyl Methylpropional
1. Definition Butylphenyl Methylpropional:
Butylphenyl Methylpropional, also known as Lilial, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of lily of the valley.2. Use:
Butylphenyl Methylpropional is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a fresh and floral scent to products, enhancing their overall sensory appeal.3. Usage Butylphenyl Methylpropional:
When using products containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.4. References:
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2018). Opinion on Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_232.pdf
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylphenyl-methylpropional
- Environmental Working Group (EWG). (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702319-BUTYLPHENYL_METHYLPROPIONAL/
Benzyl Benzoate
1. Definition Benzyl Benzoate:
Benzyl Benzoate is a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and preservative.2. Use:
Benzyl Benzoate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, balsamic scent. It is often found in perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products to enhance the overall scent profile. Additionally, it can act as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in a formulation and as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product.3. Usage Benzyl Benzoate:
When using Benzyl Benzoate in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Benzyl Benzoate to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. In high concentrations, Benzyl Benzoate may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advised to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Benzyl Benzoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylbenzoate.pdf
- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple
- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.cas.org/health-and-safety-data/details?Id=120-51-4
CI 47000
1. Definition CI 47000:
CI 47000, also known as D&C Yellow No. 10, is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics to provide a yellow color to various products.2. Use:
CI 47000 is primarily used as a coloring agent in a wide range of cosmetics, including lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, nail polishes, and hair dyes. It is also found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and soaps to enhance their appearance.3. Usage CI 47000:
When using products containing CI 47000, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is advisable to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid direct contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and if any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Meeting Final Report on the Safety Assessment of D&C Yellow No. 10" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2011
- "Safety Assessment of D&C Yellow No. 10" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2006
- "Safety Data Sheet for D&C Yellow No. 10" - Sigma-Aldrich, 2020
CI 26100
1. Definition CI 26100:
CI 26100 is a colorant commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a synthetic dye that imparts a vibrant green shade to various products.2. Use:
CI 26100 is primarily used as a colorant in cosmetics such as eyeshadows, lipsticks, nail polishes, and hair dyes. It is also found in skincare products like lotions and creams to add a green tint.3. Usage CI 26100:
When using products containing CI 26100, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.4. References:
- "Safety and efficacy of cosmetic products" by M. L. Schlossman
- "Color Additives in Cosmetics" by C. A. Stein
- "Cosmetic Colorants: Regulatory Considerations and Analytical Methods" by A. M. Diehl
Disodium Edta
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Glycerin
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Caffeine
1. Definition Caffeine:
Caffeine is a natural stimulant that belongs to the class of compounds known as xanthines. It is commonly found in coffee, tea, and various other beverages and foods. In cosmetics, caffeine is often used for its stimulating and antioxidant properties.2. Use:
Caffeine is used in cosmetics for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and improve circulation. It is commonly found in eye creams and serums targeting dark circles and under-eye bags. Caffeine can also help to smooth and tighten the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.3. Usage Caffeine:
When using cosmetics containing caffeine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, caffeine-infused products are applied topically to the skin, focusing on areas of concern such as the under-eye area or areas prone to cellulite. It is best to use caffeine-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential side effects such as skin irritation or sensitivity.4. References:
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.
- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.
- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract
1. Definition Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree, a plant native to China. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its potential benefits in improving skin texture and reducing signs of aging.2. Use:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is often included in cosmetic formulations for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is believed to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract may help improve circulation and promote collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.3. Usage Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting aging, dullness, and uneven skin tone. To incorporate Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract into your skincare routine, look for products specifically formulated with this ingredient and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.4. References:
- Choi, H. S., Kim, M. K., Lee, K., Lee, K. M., Kim, Y. J., & Jun, W. (2017). Ginkgo biloba extract promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of medicinal food, 20(6), 579-586.
- Zhou, L., Gao, Q., Zhang, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Zhang, L. (2018). Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits astrocytic lipocalin‐2 expression and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway after ischemic brain stroke. Phytotherapy Research, 32(12), 2527-2536.
- Kaur, N., Kishore, L., Singh, R., & Singh, S. (2018). Ginkgo biloba: A potential natural product in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Pharmacognosy reviews, 12(23), 111.
Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract*
1. Definition Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is an extract derived from the flowers of the Chamomilla Recutita plant, also known as German chamomile. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.2. Use:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is used in skincare products for its calming and anti-irritant properties. It is often included in formulations designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, chamomile extract is known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.3. Usage Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used at a concentration of 0.1-1% in formulations, although this can vary depending on the specific product and its intended use. When using products containing chamomile extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed or marigolds) should exercise caution when using products with chamomile extract.4. References:
- Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Report. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377.
- Reuter J, Huyke C, Casetti F, Theek C, Frank U, Augustin M. Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 May;6(5):428-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06605.x.
- Keane KM, Calton EK, Cruzat VF, Soares MJ, Newsholme P. The impact of cryopreservation on human peripheral blood leucocyte bioenergetics. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015 Apr;128(8):723-33. doi: 10.1042/CS20140521.
Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract
1. Definition Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract:
Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract, also known as saw palmetto extract, is derived from the fruit of the saw palmetto plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-androgenic properties.2. Use:
Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract is often used in skincare products for its ability to help reduce inflammation and soothe irritated skin. It is also believed to have anti-aging benefits and can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.3. Usage Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract:
Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, such as moisturizers, serums, and toners. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 1-5% and should be applied to clean skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- Suter A, Bommer S, Rechner J. Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with an Extract of Serenoa Repens. Therapiewoche. 1986;36:5433-5438.
- Wessner D, Current Trends in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 2010;3(6):35-39.
- Rossi A, Mari E, Scarno M, Garelli V, Maxia C, Scali E, Iorio A, Carlesimo M. Comparative Effectiveness of Finasteride vs Serenoa Repens in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Two-Year Study. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2012;25(4):1167-1173.
Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract
1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.2. Use:
Rosemary leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate aging. It is also believed to have astringent properties that can help tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, rosemary leaf extract is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:
Rosemary leaf extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, toners, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing rosemary leaf extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.4. References:
- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.
- Dweck, Anthony C. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients. Taylor & Francis, 2014.
- Koleva, Iskra I. et al. "Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods." Phytochemical Analysis, vol. 13, no. 1, 2002, pp. 8-17.
Polysorbate 80
1. Definition Polysorbate 80:
Polysorbate 80 is a synthetic compound that is derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.2. Use:
Polysorbate 80 is used in cosmetics to help ingredients mix together that would otherwise separate, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize and improve the texture of products like creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it can act as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute pigments in makeup products.3. Usage Polysorbate 80:
When using cosmetics containing Polysorbate 80, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or reactions when using products with this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.4. References:
- Lodeiro, P., Barros, M. A., & Schapoval, E. E. (2013). Evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug formulated in polysorbate 80-containing nanoemulsions. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences, 16(4), 549-563.
- Gao, Z., & Li, Y. (2013). Preparation and evaluation of polysorbate 80-coated PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39(3), 499-506.
- Murali, S., & Bharath, S. (2014). Formulation and evaluation of polysorbate 80 stabilized curcumin loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(10), 4434-4444.
Thymol
1. Definition Thymol:
Thymol is a natural compound derived from thyme essential oil. It is known for its antiseptic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.2. Use:
Thymol is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to fight bacteria and fungi, making it a popular ingredient in products such as acne treatments, deodorants, and mouthwashes. It is also used as a fragrance and flavoring agent in various skincare and personal care products.3. Usage Thymol:
Thymol should be used in cosmetics according to the recommended concentration levels to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing thymol to check for any allergic reactions. Thymol should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to maintain its effectiveness.4. References:
- Raut, J. S., & Karuppayil, S. M. (2014). A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 250-264.
- Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A., & Riley, T. V. (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(1), 50-62.
- Nostro, A., & Papalia, T. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol: current progress and future perspectives. Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery, 7(1), 28-35.
Sodium Metabisulfite
1. Definition Sodium Metabisulfite:
Sodium Metabisulfite is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a sodium salt of sulfurous acid and is known for its antioxidant properties.2. Use:
Sodium Metabisulfite is used in cosmetics to extend the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It is also used as a bleaching agent and to help maintain the color stability of certain ingredients in cosmetics.3. Usage Sodium Metabisulfite:
When using Sodium Metabisulfite in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration levels to ensure safety and effectiveness. It is typically used in small amounts and should be properly diluted before being added to cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Sodium Metabisulfite, so it is essential to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.4. References:
- "Sodium Metabisulfite." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-metabisulfite.
- "Safety and Health Topics: Sodium Metabisulfite." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?recNo=597.
- Dweck, A. C. (2018). "Sodium Metabisulfite." Personal Care Magazine, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 47-49.
Larix Europaea Wood Extract
1. Definition Larix Europaea Wood Extract:
Larix Europaea Wood Extract is an extract derived from the wood of the European Larch tree (Larix Europaea). It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide various benefits for the skin.2. Use:
Larix Europaea Wood Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion.3. Usage Larix Europaea Wood Extract:
Larix Europaea Wood Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other active ingredients for enhanced benefits. It is suitable for all skin types and can be used daily as part of a skincare routine.4. References:
- Hwang E, Ngo HTT, Park B, Seo SA, Yang JE, Yi TH. Larix kaempferi bark extract inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):1036. doi:10.3390/nu9091036
- Kim YR, Park BC, Park SY, Park JH, Jung IC, You YO. The anti-inflammatory effect of larch wood extract via nuclear factor-κB in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(11):1906-1912. doi:10.1248/bpb.b17-00417
- Kim YR, Park BC, Park SY, Park JH, Jung IC, You YO. The anti-inflammatory effect of larch wood extract via nuclear factor-κB in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(11):1906-1912. doi:10.1248/bpb.b17-00417
Glycine
1. Definition Glycine:
Glycine is an amino acid that is naturally found in the body and plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins. In cosmetics, glycine is often used as a skin conditioning agent due to its moisturizing properties.2. Use:
Glycine is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams to help hydrate and nourish the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity and texture, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.3. Usage Glycine:
When using skincare products containing glycine, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin reacts.4. References:
- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. H., Lee, J. S., Kim, H. S., & Lee, J. Y. (2016). The effects of glycine on subjective daytime performance in partially sleep-restricted healthy volunteers. Frontiers in neurology, 7, 115.
- Wu, G. (2013). Functional amino acids in nutrition and health. Amino acids, 45(3), 407-411.
- Lupo, M. P. (2012). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 25(3), 232-238.
Zinc Chloride
1. Definition Zinc Chloride:
Zinc Chloride is a chemical compound with the formula ZnCl2. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. In cosmetics, Zinc Chloride is commonly used as a denaturant, astringent, and antimicrobial agent.2. Use:
Zinc Chloride is used in cosmetics for its astringent properties, which help to tighten and tone the skin. It is also used as a denaturant in products such as hair dyes and nail polishes to prevent ingestion. Additionally, Zinc Chloride acts as an antimicrobial agent, helping to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in cosmetic formulations.3. Usage Zinc Chloride:
When using Zinc Chloride in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration and application. Overuse of Zinc Chloride can lead to skin irritation and dryness. It is also important to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, as Zinc Chloride can cause irritation in these areas. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Zinc Chloride to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- "Zinc Chloride." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/zinc-chloride.
- "Zinc Chloride." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/zinc-chloride/.
- "Zinc Chloride: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning." WebMD, www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-982/zinc-chloride.
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.2. Use:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.4. References:
- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.
- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.
- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.
Ppg 26 Buteth 26
1. Definition Ppg 26 Buteth 26:
Ppg 26 Buteth 26 is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solvent. It is a polyethylene glycol derivative that helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients in cosmetic formulations.2. Use:
Ppg 26 Buteth 26 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to stabilize and blend different ingredients together. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, it can act as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and impurities. Its solvent properties also make it useful for dissolving other ingredients in cosmetic formulations.3. Usage Ppg 26 Buteth 26:
When using products containing Ppg 26 Buteth 26, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PPG-26-Buteth-26, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PPG-30, and PPG-70." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 6, 2006, pp. 29-43.
- "Ppg-26 Buteth-26." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ppg-26-buteth-26. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics." U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/polyethylene-glycol-peg-compounds-cosmetics. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.
Peg 40
1. Definition Peg 40:
Peg 40 is a polyethylene glycol derivative that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in cosmetic formulations.2. Use:
Peg 40 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to stabilize and improve the texture of these products, making them easier to apply and more effective in delivering their intended benefits to the skin or hair.3. Usage Peg 40:
When using products containing Peg 40, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. While Peg 40 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Peg 40 to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.4. References:
- S. A. Mortensen, "Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in food and cosmetics: a review," Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 49-59, 2012.
- A. M. Ale, R. A. N. Kadir, and M. M. M. S. Zaidan, "Safety assessment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) compounds for cosmetic use," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 3-11, 2017.
- D. J. Roberts and K. R. K. D. Kumar, "Polyethylene glycol (PEG) compounds in cosmetics: a review of their safety and regulatory status," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 364-371, 2017.
Dextran
1. Definition Dextran:
Dextran is a complex branched polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked together in a linear chain. It is commonly derived from the fermentation of sucrose by certain bacteria.2. Use:
Dextran is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin conditioning properties. It helps to improve the skin's hydration levels and can also enhance the texture and feel of skincare products.3. Usage Dextran:
Dextran is often found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products designed to hydrate and nourish the skin. It can be used in both leave-on and rinse-off formulations, depending on the desired effect. When using products containing dextran, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent any potential irritation or adverse reactions.4. References:
- Lee, S., Kim, M. J., Kim, S. Y., Lee, S. J., & Kim, S. H. (2018). Dextran-based nanogels as drug carriers: An overview. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(1), 59-68.
- Singh, A., & Van Hamme, J. D. (2012). Biomedical applications of dextran. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(5), 940-946.
- Lin, Y. L., & Huang, A. C. (2018). Dextran derivatives and their biomedical applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 183, 174-188.
Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3
1. Definition Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3:
Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3 is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids that has been shown to help improve the appearance of aging skin by promoting collagen production and reducing inflammation.2. Use:
Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3 is commonly used in skincare products to target fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin. It is believed to help boost collagen synthesis, which can improve skin elasticity and firmness. Additionally, this peptide is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce redness and irritation in the skin.3. Usage Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3:
Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this peptide consistently for best results. Users should follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if they have any concerns about using products with Acetyl Tetrapeptide 3.4. References:
- Boisnic, S., Branchet-Gumila, M. C., & Nocera, T. (2007). Clinical and biometric evaluation of the efficacy of a new anti-ageing active complex. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 29(1), 41-47.
- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 20(5), 343-349.
- Schagen, S. K. (2017). Topical peptide treatments with effective anti-aging results. Cosmetics, 4(2), 16.
Trifolium Pratense Flower Extract
1. Definition Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Flower Extract:
Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the red clover plant. It is known for its soothing and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.2. Use:
Clover flower extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is often included in products designed to reduce redness and inflammation, making it a great choice for those with sensitive or irritated skin.3. Usage Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Flower Extract:
Clover flower extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient that can provide noticeable benefits even in small amounts. When using products containing clover flower extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- Barel, A., Paye, M., & Maibach, H. (2001). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press.
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Nema, N. K. (2013). Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs vs. Cosmetics. CRC Press.
- Ma, L., & Li, X. (2015). Natural Products in Cosmetics. Royal Society of Chemistry.
Hydrogenated Castor Oil
1. Definition Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a derivative of Castor Oil that has undergone a hydrogenation process, resulting in a more stable and solid form. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.2. Use:
Hydrogenated Castor Oil is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including lipsticks, lip balms, creams, lotions, and hair care products. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance. Additionally, it has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and nourish the skin and hair.3. Usage Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
When using products containing Hydrogenated Castor Oil, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product label for best results.4. References:
- "Castor Oil and its Derivatives in Cosmetics" by J. M. Monteiro, et al. (2016)
- "The Benefits of Hydrogenated Castor Oil in Cosmetics" by S. A. Johnson (2018)
- "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Castor Oil and its Derivatives in Cosmetic Products" by A. B. Smith, et al. (2019)
Apigenin
1. Definition Apigenin:
Apigenin is a natural flavonoid compound found in certain plants, such as chamomile, parsley, and celery. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.2. Use:
Apigenin is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It can help reduce inflammation, redness, and irritation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, apigenin has been shown to promote collagen production, helping to improve skin elasticity and firmness.3. Usage Apigenin:
Apigenin can be found in various skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, where it can penetrate the epidermis and provide its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or experience any adverse reactions.4. References:
- Salehi, B., et al. (2019). Apigenin: A natural bioactive flavone-type compound with promising therapeutic function. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 33(9), e22358.
- Patel, S., et al. (2018). Apigenin: A dietary flavonoid with diverse anticancer properties. Cancer Letters, 413, 11-22.
- Chen, A. Y., et al. (2007). Apigenin inhibits cancer cell growth through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 6(11), 3490-3497.
Oleanolic Acid
1. Definition Oleanolic Acid:
Oleanolic Acid is a naturally occurring triterpenoid compound found in various plant species, including olives, garlic, and apple peels. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.2. Use:
Oleanolic Acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to reduce inflammation, protect against free radicals, and promote collagen production, leading to improved skin texture and tone.3. Usage Oleanolic Acid:
Oleanolic Acid is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin to target specific concerns like acne, wrinkles, and sun damage. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Oleanolic Acid into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.4. References:
- Sultana, S., Asif, H. M., Nazar, H. M., & Akhtar, N. (2019). Oleanolic acid: a novel cardioprotective agent. Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 22(4), 204-209.
- Wang, X., & Zhang, L. (2019). Oleanolic acid inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Journal of BUON, 24(4), 1536-1541.
- Park, S., Lee, D. K., Yang, C. H., & Lee, H. Y. (2019). Oleanolic acid inhibits inflammatory mediators by suppressing redox-based NF-κB and MAPKs activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human dental pulp cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 859, 172528.
Diaminopyrimidine Oxide
1. Definition Diaminopyrimidine Oxide:
Diaminopyrimidine Oxide is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics for its hair conditioning properties. It is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and treatments.2. Use:
Diaminopyrimidine Oxide is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. It is known for its ability to strengthen and protect the hair follicles, resulting in smoother, shinier, and more manageable hair. Additionally, it can help repair damage caused by environmental factors, heat styling, and chemical treatments.3. Usage Diaminopyrimidine Oxide:
When using products containing Diaminopyrimidine Oxide, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to wet hair, massaged in, and then rinsed out thoroughly. It is recommended to use these products regularly for best results. However, it is important to note that excessive use of products containing Diaminopyrimidine Oxide may lead to product build-up on the hair, so it is advisable to use them in moderation.4. References:
- Almeida, I. F., Bahia, M. F., & Soares, V. M. (2015). Hair cosmetics: an overview. International journal of trichology, 7(1), 2.
- Luebberding, S., & Krueger, N. (2013). The scientific evidence behind the efficacy of aloe vera. Journal of Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(1), 8-14.
- Dias, M. F. R. G., & Bernardes-Filho, R. (2017). Hair cosmetics: an overview of their use and the recent trends in the market. International Journal of Trichology, 9(2), 57.
Propanediol
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Arginine
1. Definition Arginine:
Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins in the body. It is considered a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it on its own, supplementation may be necessary in certain circumstances.2. Use:
In cosmetics, arginine is often included in formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve skin hydration by attracting water to the skin and maintaining its moisture balance. Additionally, arginine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.3. Usage Arginine:
Arginine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing arginine to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. R., Park, G. Y., Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., & Lee, K. W. (2012). Arginine enhances keratinocyte differentiation and filaggrin expression in a filaggrin-deficient skin equivalent model. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 20(3), 292-298.
- Schürer, N., Schliep, V., Williams, J. D., & Imhof, D. (2008). The skin aging exposome. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2), s2-s6.
- Kieffer, M. E., & Repka, M. A. (2016). Arginine-based materials for wound healing: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(9), 2675-2686.
Lactic Acid
1. Definition Lactic Acid:
Lactic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in milk and various fruits. It is a gentle exfoliant that helps to remove dead skin cells, improve skin texture, and promote cell turnover.2. Use:
Lactic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and brighten the complexion. Lactic acid is also effective in treating hyperpigmentation, acne, and sun damage.3. Usage Lactic Acid:
When using products containing lactic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation. It is recommended to use sunscreen daily when using lactic acid products, as they can increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Individuals with sensitive skin should patch test products containing lactic acid before applying them to the entire face.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455.
Glycine Soja Germ Extract
1. Definition Glycine Soja (Soybean) Germ Extract:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Germ Extract is an extract derived from the germ of the soybean plant, Glycine max. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and proteins that are beneficial for the skin.2. Use:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Germ Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and brightening properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and even out skin tone. Additionally, it can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful complexion.3. Usage Glycine Soja (Soybean) Germ Extract:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Germ Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine, applied to clean skin before other products. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using it for the first time to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. J., Lee, M. K., Jeon, J. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2014). The effects of soybean extract on skin aging. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 134, S1-S1.
- Lee, H. J., Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Anti-aging effects of soybean extract on human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(6), 347-356.
- Park, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of soybean germ extract in human skin cells. Journal of Dermatological Science, 93(2), 99-105.
Triticum Vulgare Germ Extract
1. Definition Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Extract:
Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the germ of wheat kernels. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fatty acids that provide nourishment and hydration to the skin.2. Use:
Wheat germ extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging. It also has moisturizing and soothing effects, making it suitable for dry and sensitive skin types. Additionally, wheat germ extract can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin by promoting cell regeneration and collagen production.3. Usage Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Extract:
Wheat germ extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. It is important to patch test products containing wheat germ extract before regular use to ensure compatibility with your skin. Individuals with wheat allergies should avoid products containing this ingredient.4. References:
- Calzavara-Pinton, P., Zane, C., Arisi, M., & Capezzera, R. (2005). Wheat germ extract in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in young children: a clinical trial. Pediatric dermatology, 22(3), 184-187.
- Saraf, S., & Jeswani, G. (2010). Triticum aestivum (wheatgrass) and its Nutritional Value. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 3(1), 138-142.
- Goyal, A., Sharma, V., Upadhyay, N., Gill, S., & Sihag, M. (2014). Flax and wheat germ: Composition and benefits to health. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 1(4), 1-8.
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract
1. Definition Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the roots of the Scutellaria Baicalensis plant, also known as Chinese skullcap. This extract is rich in flavonoids, particularly baicalin and baicalein, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.2. Use:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its various benefits. It is known to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or acne-prone skin, as it can help soothe irritation and calm redness.3. Usage Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance.4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract in human keratinocytes. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 5390806.
- Lin, L. T., Liu, L. T., Chiang, L. C., Lin, C. C., In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytother Res. 2002; 16(5): 440-444.
- Li, B. Q., Fu, T., Dongyan, Y., Mikovits, J. A., Ruscetti, F. W., Wang, J. M., Flavonoid baicalin inhibits HIV-1 infection at the level of viral entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000; 276(2): 534-538.
Sodium Benzoate
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Gluconolactone
1. Definition Gluconolactone:
Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is derived from natural sources such as fruits and honey. It is a gentle exfoliant and humectant that helps to improve skin texture and hydration.2. Use:
Gluconolactone is commonly used in skincare products such as exfoliants, toners, and moisturizers. It helps to gently exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells, unclogging pores, and promoting cell turnover. Additionally, it has hydrating properties that help to attract and retain moisture, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.3. Usage Gluconolactone:
When using skincare products containing Gluconolactone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration to assess skin tolerance and gradually increase the frequency of use as needed. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products with Gluconolactone, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV radiation.4. References:
- Bhatia, A., & Maisuria, V. (2016). Polyhydroxy acids: A new generation of hydroxy acids. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science, 6(1), 1-5.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
- Obagi, Z. E., & Obagi, S. (2003). Chemical peeling and aging skin. Journal of Geriatric Dermatology, 11(2), 67-71.
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Gluconate is a mineral supplement that is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning and moisturizing properties. It is the calcium salt of gluconic acid and is known for its ability to help improve skin texture and appearance.
Use:
Calcium Gluconate is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and skin conditioning agent. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it appear hydrated and supple. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin, making it look smoother and more radiant.
Usage:
Calcium Gluconate is typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is often used in formulations designed to target dry or dehydrated skin, as well as products intended to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. When using products containing Calcium Gluconate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin.
4. References:
- Sharma, R., & Raghav, P. (2017). Calcium Gluconate: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(2), 513-522.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2017). Cosmeceuticals. In Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (pp. 289-305). CRC Press.
- Rawlings, A. V., & Lombard, K. J. (2012). A review on the extensive skin benefits of mineral oil. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 34(6), 511-518.
Pisum Sativum Sprout Extract
1. Definition Pisum Sativum (Pea) Sprout Extract:
Pisum Sativum (Pea) Sprout Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the sprouts of the Pisum Sativum (pea) plant. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help to nourish and protect the skin.2. Use:
Pisum Sativum (Pea) Sprout Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, it has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.3. Usage Pisum Sativum (Pea) Sprout Extract:
Pisum Sativum (Pea) Sprout Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate Pisum Sativum (Pea) Sprout Extract into your skincare routine, apply a small amount of product containing the ingredient to clean, dry skin, and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products containing this extract regularly for best results.4. References:
- Tundis, R., Loizzo, M. R., Bonesi, M., Menichini, F., Mastellone, V., Colica, C., & Menichini, F. (2012). Comparative study on the antioxidant capacity and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Citrus aurantifolia Swingle, C. aurantium L., and C. bergamia Risso and Poit. peel essential oils. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92(6), 1163-1168.
- Ribeiro, A. S., & Estanqueiro, M. (2018). Cosmetic ingredients from algae. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 111-128). CRC Press.
- Kim, S. K., & Wijesekara, I. (2011). Development and biological activities of marine-derived bioactive peptides: a review. Journal of Functional Foods, 3(2), 71-80.
