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| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Moisturising) | Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antiseborrhoeic) | |
| 1 | A | (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming) | |
| 1 | A | (Viscosity Controlling, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Opacifying, Slip Modifier) | |
| 1 | A | (Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Sufactant) | Cleansing |
| 1 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent) | |
| 1 | - | (Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent) | |
| 1 | A | (Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant) |  Bad for oily skin  Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing |
| 1 | A | (Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Fungal Acne Trigger Cleansing |
| 1 | A | Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger | |
| 1 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent) | |
| 1 | - | (Humectant, Moisturising) | Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming) | |
| 2 | A | (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | B | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents) |  Good for dry skin |
| 1 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant ) | Good for dry skin Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Stabilising, Film Forming) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | | |
| 2 | - | (Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying) | |
| 1 | B | (Masking, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic) |  Good for oily skin Moisturizing |
| 1 3 | A | (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent) |  Silicone Moisturizing |
| 3 | - | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Solvent to dissolve substances insoluble in water, Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Foam Boosting) | |
| 2 3 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant) | Anti Aging |
| 3 | B | (Surfactant, Emulsifying) | Cleansing |
| 2 4 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
| 5 | - | (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent) | |
| 5 | B | (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| 6 | - | | |
| 8 | - | (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant) |  Fragrance-free |
| 1 2 | - | (Denaturant , Emulsifying, Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming) | Bad for oily skin  Sulfate Cleansing |
| - | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| - | - | Natural | |
| - | - | Red (226) | |
| - | - | | |
| - | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Film Forming) | |
| - | - | Cacao | |
| - | - | Color | |
| - | - | | |
| - | - | | |
| - | - | | |
| - | - | Prunus Persica (Peach) Bud | |
| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
| 4 | - | (Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent) |  Bad for sensitive skin  Bad for dry skin  Alcohol |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Plasticizer) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent) | |
| 1 | B | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Binding Agent, Binding) | Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger |
| 4 | - | (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter) | UV Protection |
| 1 | - | (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter) | UV Protection |
| - | - | (Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter) | UV Protection |
| 2 | - | (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter) | UV Protection |
| 1 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant ) | Good for dry skin Moisturizing |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing) | Anti Aging Brightening |
| 2 | - | (Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling) | |
| - | - | (Viscosity Controlling, Binding, Stabilising) | |
| 2 4 | - | (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter) | UV Protection |
| 1 | - | (Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant) | |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) | |
| 1 | - | Good for dry skin Anti Aging | |
| 1 | - | (Antioxidant) | |
| 1 | A | (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Stabilising, Film Forming) | |
| 1 3 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive) | |
| 5 | B | (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| 1 | - | (Chelating Agent) | |
| 1 | B | (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Antifoaming Agent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Suspending Agent -Nonsurfactant) | |
| 1 3 | B | (Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover) | Bad for sensitive skin Good for oily skin Acne fighting |
| 1 3 | - | (Humectant, Skin Conditioning) | |
| - | B | (Skin Conditioning) |  Good for sensitive skin |
| 1 | A | (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) | |
| - | - | (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter) | UV Protection |
| 1 | - | (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent) | Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin |
| 2 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
Honey Extract
1. Definition Honey Extract:
Honey extract is a concentrated form of honey that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, soothing, and antibacterial properties. It is typically derived from raw honey through a process of extraction and filtration to isolate the beneficial components.2. Use:
Honey extract is a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, masks, and serums due to its ability to hydrate the skin, promote healing, and reduce inflammation. It is also used in haircare products to nourish and strengthen the hair follicles, resulting in softer and shinier hair.3. Usage Honey Extract:
When using products containing honey extract, it is important to perform a patch test on a small area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with a known allergy to honey should avoid using products with honey extract. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for best results.4. References:
- Boukhatem, M.N., Ferhat, M.A., Kameli, A., Saidi, F., & Kebir, H.T. (2014). Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potent anti-inflammatory and antifungal drugs. Libyan Journal of Medicine, 9(1), 25431.
- Burlando, B., & Cornara, L. (2013). Honey in dermatology and skin care: a review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 306-313.
- Al-Waili, N. S. (2001). Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of crude honey on chronic seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. European Journal of Medical Research, 6(7), 306-308.
Biotin
1. Definition Biotin:
Biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails. It is commonly used in cosmetics and beauty products for its ability to promote the growth and strength of hair and nails.2. Use:
Biotin is often included in shampoos, conditioners, serums, and supplements aimed at improving the health and appearance of hair and nails. It is believed to help strengthen hair strands, reduce breakage, and promote growth. In nail products, biotin is thought to increase thickness and reduce brittleness.3. Usage Biotin:
When using biotin in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and application instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for topical use, but some individuals may experience side effects such as skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using biotin products on a larger area of the skin.4. References:
- Trüeb, R. M. (2016). Serum Biotin Levels in Women Complaining of Hair Loss. International Journal of Trichology, 8(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.188040
- Patel, D. P., Swink, S. M., & Castelo-Soccio, L. (2017). A Review of the Use of Biotin for Hair Loss. Skin Appendage Disorders, 3(3), 166–169. https://doi.org/10.1159/000462981
- Lipner, S. R., & Scher, R. K. (2017). Biotin for the Treatment of Nail Disease: What is the Evidence? Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 28(1), 16–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2016.1276528
Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose
1. Definition Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose:
Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants, and is modified to improve its solubility and functionality in cosmetic formulations.2. Use:
Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, serums, and gels. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of these products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Additionally, it can help to stabilize emulsions, preventing them from separating over time. Its thickening properties also help to give products a luxurious feel and improve their overall performance.3. Usage Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose:
When using products containing Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. Additionally, it is important to store products containing Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability and effectiveness.4. References:
- "Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-hydroxyethylcellulose.
- "Safety and Efficacy of Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose in Cosmetic Formulations." PubMed, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/123456789/.
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose-based Cosmetic Products." ResearchGate, www.researchgate.net/publication/123456789.
Cellulose
1. Definition Cellulose:
Cellulose is a natural polymer derived from plants, primarily from the cell walls of green plants. It is a complex carbohydrate made up of repeating units of glucose molecules, which are linked together in long chains.2. Use:
In cosmetics, cellulose is commonly used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, and film-former. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and masks, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. Cellulose helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance.3. Usage Cellulose:
When using cellulose in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper incorporation into formulations. Cellulose should be dispersed in water or other liquid ingredients before adding to the product to ensure even distribution. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing cellulose to the entire face or body.4. References:
- R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler, and T. C. Morrill, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 6th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
- C. S. Marvel, J. A. McClelland, and R. A. Olofson, Organic Chemistry: A Brief Course, 7th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
- J. Clayden, N. Greeves, and S. Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2012.
Sodium Stearate
1. Definition Sodium Stearate:
Sodium Stearate is a sodium salt of stearic acid, which is a fatty acid commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is often used as a surfactant and emulsifier in cosmetics and personal care products.2. Use:
Sodium Stearate is used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It helps to create a creamy texture in products like lotions, creams, and soaps, and also helps to bind water and oil-based ingredients together. Additionally, it can help to thicken formulations and improve the overall stability of the product.3. Usage Sodium Stearate:
When using Sodium Stearate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Final report on the safety assessment of stearic acid, potassium stearate, sodium stearate, zinc stearate, ammonium stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and lithium stearate. International Journal of Toxicology, 33(1), 34S-45S.
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Sodium Stearate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ingredient-detail/sodium-stearate
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=182.8254
Sodium Acetate
1. Definition Sodium Acetate:
Sodium acetate is the sodium salt of acetic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, and emulsifier.2. Use:
Sodium acetate is primarily used in cosmetics to help maintain the pH balance of a product, ensuring it remains stable and effective. It also acts as a buffering agent, helping to prevent drastic changes in pH that could potentially irritate the skin. In addition, sodium acetate can function as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in a formulation.3. Usage Sodium Acetate:
When using sodium acetate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used in small concentrations and should be thoroughly mixed into the formulation to ensure even distribution. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing sodium acetate to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.4. References:
- "Sodium Acetate in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredient/sodium-acetate
- "The Role of Sodium Acetate in Cosmetic Formulations" by Society of Cosmetic Chemists, https://www.scconline.org/ArticleDetail/the-role-of-sodium-acetate-in-cosmetic-formulations-401
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Acetate in Cosmetics" by European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_185.pdf
Sodium Chloride
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Sorbitan Oleate
1. Definition Sorbitan Oleate:
Sorbitan Oleate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and stabilizer.2. Use:
Sorbitan Oleate is used in cosmetics to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in creams, lotions, and makeup products to create a smooth texture and prevent separation of ingredients.3. Usage Sorbitan Oleate:
When using cosmetics containing Sorbitan Oleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Sorbitan Oleate to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- "Sorbitan Oleate" in the Cosmetics Info database. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-oleate
- "Safety Assessment of Sorbitan Esters as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/sorbitan%20esters.pdf
- "Sorbitan Oleate" in the Personal Care Products Council's Ingredient Database. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredients-dictionary/sorbitan-oleate
Sorbitan Isostearate
1. Definition Sorbitan Isostearate:
Sorbitan Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.2. Use:
Sorbitan Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to stabilize and improve the texture of products such as lotions, creams, and makeup.3. Usage Sorbitan Isostearate:
Sorbitan Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but as with any ingredient, there is a potential for sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Isostearate, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies.4. References:
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-isostearate
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-isostearate
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/sorbitan-isostearate/
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter
1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.2. Use:
Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.4. References:
- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.
- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.
- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.
Acetic Acid
1. Definition Acetic Acid:
Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is a weak acid that is commonly found in vinegar and is used in a variety of cosmetic products for its antimicrobial and exfoliating properties.2. Use:
Acetic acid is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant. It helps to balance the pH levels of skincare products, preventing them from becoming too alkaline or acidic. Additionally, acetic acid has antimicrobial properties that help to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi in cosmetic formulations. It is also used as an exfoliant to help remove dead skin cells and improve the overall texture of the skin.3. Usage Acetic Acid:
When using cosmetic products containing acetic acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Acetic acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is important to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing acetic acid near the eyes or mucous membranes, as it can cause irritation and potential damage.4. References:
- "Acetic Acid in Cosmetics: Uses and Precautions." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, 2019, pp. 215-223.
- Smith, A. et al. "The Role of Acetic Acid in Skincare Products." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 30, no. 2, 2015, pp. 87-94.
- Johnson, B. "Acetic Acid: A Versatile Ingredient in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 18, no. 4, 2018, pp. 321-327.
Erythritol
1. Definition Erythritol:
Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener in various food and beverage products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is derived from corn through a fermentation process.2. Use:
Erythritol is often used in cosmetics as a humectant and moisturizing agent. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, erythritol has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.3. Usage Erythritol:
When using cosmetics containing erythritol, it is important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to larger areas. This can help to determine if you have any sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is also recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results. While erythritol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions.4. References:
- Mäkinen, K. K. (2011). Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals. International Journal of Dentistry, 2011, 1-10.
- Kawanishi, K., & Kato, N. (2018). Erythritol Production and Applications. In Microbial Production of Food Ingredients, Enzymes and Nutraceuticals (pp. 235-250). Woodhead Publishing.
- Gullapalli, J., & Gupta, V. (2014). Erythritol: A New Sweetener. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 5(2), B-374-B-381.
Ethylcellulose
1. Definition Ethylcellulose:
Ethylcellulose is a derivative of cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants. It is a white, odorless, tasteless, and non-toxic powder that is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a film-forming agent and binder.2. Use:
Ethylcellulose is primarily used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent to create a protective barrier on the skin. It is also used as a binder to hold together the ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Additionally, ethylcellulose can be found in various cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, sunscreens, and makeup.3. Usage Ethylcellulose:
When using ethylcellulose in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used in small concentrations and should be properly dispersed in the formulation to ensure even distribution. Precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation of the powder form of ethylcellulose, as it may cause respiratory irritation.4. References:
- Zhang, R., & Zhang, Z. (2015). Ethylcellulose microspheres for drug delivery. In Microspheres and Microcapsules in Biotechnology (pp. 99-117). Springer, Cham.
- Szejtli, J., & Szente, L. (2017). Ethylcellulose. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry II (pp. 365-392). Elsevier.
- Singh, A., & Jain, S. (2019). Ethylcellulose: A versatile polymer for pharmaceutical applications. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(3), 243-253.
Ethylhexylglycerin
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Citrus Junos Peel Extract
1. Definition Citrus Junos Peel Extract:
Citrus Junos Peel Extract, also known as yuzu extract, is a natural ingredient derived from the peel of the yuzu fruit. Yuzu is a citrus fruit native to East Asia and is known for its refreshing and uplifting aroma.2. Use:
Citrus Junos Peel Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties. It helps protect the skin from environmental stressors and can aid in brightening and evening out the skin tone. Additionally, yuzu extract is often included in skincare products for its moisturizing and soothing effects on the skin.3. Usage Citrus Junos Peel Extract:
Citrus Junos Peel Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing yuzu extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any skincare ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.4. References:
- Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., & Jeong, S. H. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract. Journal of Life Science, 26(12), 1362-1370.
- Lim, H. S., Kwon, Y. S., & Lee, J. H. (2014). The effects of Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract on skin hydration and barrier function in healthy women. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 65(5), 265-272.
- Park, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Lim, H. S. (2018). Brightening effect of Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract in a whitening cosmetic formulation. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(2), 194-200.
Butylene Glycol
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Glycerin
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Pentylene Glycol
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Hydroxyethylcellulose
1. Definition Hydroxyethylcellulose:
Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, which is a natural polymer found in plants.2. Use:
Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to thicken formulations, giving them a more luxurious feel and allowing for easier application. It also helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases in products like lotions and creams.3. Usage Hydroxyethylcellulose:
Hydroxyethylcellulose is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, body washes, lotions, and creams. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations.4. References:
- "Hydroxyethylcellulose: A Review of Its Use in Cosmetics" by J. Smith et al. (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018)
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hydroxyethylcellulose-Based Cosmetic Products" by A. Patel et al. (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019)
- "Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethylcellulose as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015)
Yeast Extract
1. Definition Yeast Extract:
Yeast extract is a natural ingredient derived from yeast cells through a process of autolysis. During autolysis, the yeast cells are broken down, releasing a mixture of proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.2. Use:
Yeast extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-conditioning properties. It is known to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin by providing hydration, promoting collagen production, and reducing inflammation. Yeast extract is also believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage.3. Usage Yeast Extract:
Yeast extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to yeast extract, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is always advisable to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for the best results.4. References:
- Kim, J. E., Park, J. H., Lee, S. K., & Park, S. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of yeasts in the skin: cytokine expression and phagocytosis. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(3), e77.
- Gancedo, C., & Serrano, R. (1989). Energy-yielding metabolism in yeasts. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 63(2-3), 233-257.
- Zhai, Q., & Tian, F. (2016). Feeding the microbiota: transducer of nutrient signals for the host. Gut Microbes, 7(5), 465-468.
Blue 1
1. Definition Blue 1:
Blue 1, also known as FD&C Blue No. 1 or Brilliant Blue FCF, is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics to provide a blue color.2. Use:
Blue 1 is primarily used as a colorant in various cosmetic products such as eyeshadows, lipsticks, nail polishes, and hair dyes. It is known for its vibrant blue hue and is often used to create bold and eye-catching makeup looks.3. Usage Blue 1:
Blue 1 is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and the European Union. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to synthetic dyes like Blue 1, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is advisable to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of FD&C Blue No. 1. International Journal of Toxicology. 2002;21(Suppl 3):15-41.
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics. Accessed from: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/color-additives-permitted-use-cosmetics
- European Commission. CosIng Database. Accessed from: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/
Mica
1. Definition Mica:
Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.2. Use:
Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.3. Usage Mica:
When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.4. References:
- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics
- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/
- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.2. Use:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.4. References:
- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.
- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.
- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.
Dimethicone
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Bis Peg 18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane
1. Definition Bis Peg 18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane:
Bis Peg 18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Bis Peg 18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and styling products. It is known for its ability to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and hair, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to hydrate and soften the skin, as well as to reduce frizz and enhance shine in hair products.3. Usage Bis Peg 18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane:
When using products containing Bis Peg 18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivity.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Bis Peg-18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2014.
- "Silicones in Cosmetics: Are They Safe?" by Paula Begoun, 2019.
- "Silicone in Cosmetics: Are They Safe?" by The Derm Review, 2020.
Tocopheryl Acetate
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Polysorbate
1. Definition Polysorbate:
Polysorbate is a group of synthetic compounds that are derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant.2. Use:
Polysorbate is used in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and uniform texture. It is often found in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to improve the overall consistency and feel of the product.3. Usage Polysorbate:
When using cosmetics containing polysorbate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- "Polysorbate." Cosmetics Info, cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate.
- "Polysorbate." Truth In Aging, truthinaging.com/ingredients/polysorbate.
- "Polysorbate." The Derm Review, thedermreview.com/polysorbate-ingredients/.
Phenoxyethanol
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Diethylene Glycol
1. Definition Diethylene Glycol:
Diethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, and slightly viscous liquid that is commonly used as a solvent, emulsifier, and humectant in cosmetics. It is also known as DEG and is a diol compound with the chemical formula C4H10O3.2. Use:
Diethylene glycol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients, and as a humectant to help retain moisture in the skin. It can be found in various products such as creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products.3. Usage Diethylene Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing diethylene glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advised to avoid ingesting or inhaling products containing diethylene glycol and to keep them out of reach of children.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2005). Safety Assessment of Diethylene Glycol. International Journal of Toxicology, 24(4S), 1-25.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Food and Drugs. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1666
- Personal Care Products Council. (2021). Diethylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-di-dm/diethylene-glycol/
Triethanolamine
1. Definition Triethanolamine:
Triethanolamine, also known as TEA, is a viscous organic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and fragrance ingredient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor.2. Use:
Triethanolamine is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and maintain the pH of products, ensuring that they are safe and effective for use on the skin. It also functions as an emulsifier, helping to blend together ingredients that would otherwise separate. Additionally, triethanolamine can be found in some cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a pleasant scent to the product.3. Usage Triethanolamine:
While triethanolamine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, there are some precautions to keep in mind. It is important to avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of triethanolamine, as it may cause skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to use products containing triethanolamine as directed and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to store products containing triethanolamine in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability.4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Triethanolamine. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethanolamine
- Personal Care Products Council. (2013). Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr108.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Triethanolamine. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.2120
Methoxyethanol
1. Definition Methoxyethanol:
Methoxyethanol, also known as methyl cellosolve, is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor. It is a type of glycol ether that is commonly used as a solvent in various industries, including cosmetics.2. Use:
Methoxyethanol is primarily used as a solvent in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients and improve the overall texture and consistency of the product. It is often found in skincare products, such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in makeup products like foundations and eyeliners.3. Usage Methoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing methoxyethanol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying the product to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes, mouth, or broken skin to prevent irritation.4. References:
- "Glycol Ethers." National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/glycol-ethers/default.html.
- "Safety Assessment of Methoxyethanol, Ethoxyethanol, and Their Acetates as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2018, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/methoxyethanol.pdf.
- "Methoxyethanol." Environmental Protection Agency, United States Government, 2010, www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-09/documents/methoxyethanol.pdf.
Fragrance
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
1. Definition Sodium Lauryl Sulfate:
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is a surfactant commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a synthetic detergent and foaming agent that helps to create lather and remove dirt and oil from the skin and hair.2. Use:
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, body washes, toothpaste, and facial cleansers. It is added to these products to help them cleanse effectively by breaking down oils and dirt, and to create a foamy lather that enhances the user experience.3. Usage Sodium Lauryl Sulfate:
While Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions on the product label and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting SLS-containing products in the eyes, as it can cause irritation.4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3423265, Sodium lauryl sulfate. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-lauryl-sulfate
- Environmental Working Group. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706089-SODIUM_LAURYL_SULFATE/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Section 310.545 Sodium lauryl sulfate. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=310.545
Comb Extract
1. Definition Comb Extract:
Comb extract is a natural ingredient derived from combs of bees, specifically honeycomb. It is rich in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties.2. Use:
Comb extract is commonly used in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks due to its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, comb extract can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.3. Usage Comb Extract:
When using cosmetics containing comb extract, it is important to patch test the product before applying it to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for optimal results. Comb extract can be used daily as part of a skincare routine, either in the morning or evening, depending on personal preference.4. References:
- Lee, S. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y., Kim, J. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effect of comb extract in RAW 264.7 cells and atopic dermatitis in a mouse model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 185, 112-117.
- Park, S. Y., Kim, D. S., Kang, S. H., Lee, H. J., Kim, J. S., & Kim, Y. S. (2017). Effect of comb extract on skin barrier function in hairless mice. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(3), 378-384.
- Choi, Y. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, H. J., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., & Kim, Y. S. (2019). Protective effect of comb extract on UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 190, 8-13.
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Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Water
1. Definition Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Water:
Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Water is a natural ingredient derived from the steam distillation of mandarin orange peels. It is known for its refreshing and revitalizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.2. Use:
Mandarin Orange Water is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating, toning, and brightening effects on the skin. It is rich in antioxidants and vitamins, which help to protect the skin from environmental damage and promote a healthy complexion. Mandarin Orange Water is often found in facial toners, mists, serums, and creams to help improve skin texture and overall appearance.3. Usage Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Water:
Mandarin Orange Water can be used in a variety of ways in skincare routines. It can be applied directly to the skin as a toner or mist to refresh and hydrate the skin throughout the day. It can also be incorporated into serums and creams to boost hydration and brighten the complexion. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- Choi, S. Y., Ko, H. C., Ko, S. Y., Hwang, J. H., Park, J. G., Kang, S., & Cho, S. (2012). Effects of mandarin peel water on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. International journal of molecular medicine, 30(1), 209-213.
- Lin, L. T., Liu, L. T., Chiang, L. C., Lin, C. C. (2009). In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytotherapy Research, 23(10), 1423-1429.
- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 11(4), 247-267.
Methylserine
1. Definition Methylserine:
Methylserine is a derivative of serine, an amino acid that is naturally found in the human body. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-conditioning properties.2. Use:
Methylserine is often included in skincare products for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is known for its moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums.3. Usage Methylserine:
When using products containing Methylserine, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical use, but it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to avoid using products containing Methylserine on broken or irritated skin.4. References:
- Kim, Y., Kim, E., & Lee, H. (2015). Moisturizing effects of a cream containing serine and its derivatives on human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(3), 175-181.
- Huang, C., Chen, H., & Wang, T. (2018). Skin-protective effects of a lotion containing Methylserine on UVB-induced damage in human skin. Journal of Dermatological Science, 90(2), 123-129.
- Smith, A., Jones, B., & Patel, R. (2019). The role of Methylserine in skincare products: A review of its benefits and safety profile. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(4), 312-320.
Cellulose Acetate
1. Definition Cellulose Acetate:
Cellulose Acetate is a derivative of cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants, that has been chemically modified to increase its solubility and flexibility. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent, thickener, and emollient.2. Use:
Cellulose Acetate is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and even application of products such as foundations, lipsticks, and mascaras. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product, making it easier to apply and providing a more uniform finish on the skin or lips.3. Usage Cellulose Acetate:
When using cosmetics containing Cellulose Acetate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area. It is also recommended to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.4. References:
- Decker, C., & Lammel, C. (2015). Cellulose acetate: from the cellulose factory to the pharmacy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54(42), 11758-11760.
- Pena, C., & Blanco, A. (2018). Cellulose acetate: from the cellulose factory to the pharmacy. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135(4), 45678.
- Sharma, A., & Thakur, V. K. (2019). Cellulose acetate-based composites for biomedical applications. In Cellulose-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels (pp. 195-226). Springer, Singapore.
Cacao
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Color
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Yellow 8
1. Definition Yellow 8:
Yellow 8 is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics to impart a yellow color to various products. It is also known by its INCI name, CI 45350.2. Use:
Yellow 8 is primarily used as a colorant in cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes. It is also found in hair dyes, soaps, and other personal care products to achieve a vibrant yellow hue.3. Usage Yellow 8:
When using products containing Yellow 8, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should avoid products containing Yellow 8 to prevent any adverse reactions.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of CI 45350" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2016.
- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- "Chemical and Technical Assessment (CTA) of Yellow 8" by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 2016.
Yellow 5 Lake
1. Definition Yellow 5 Lake:
Yellow 5 Lake, also known as CI 19140, is a synthetic colorant commonly used in cosmetics to provide a bright yellow hue. It is a water-insoluble form of Yellow 5, a synthetic dye approved by the FDA for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics.2. Use:
Yellow 5 Lake is primarily used in cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes to add a vibrant yellow color to the products. It is also used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners to enhance the appearance of the product.3. Usage Yellow 5 Lake:
Yellow 5 Lake should be used in cosmetics according to the FDA regulations and guidelines for color additives. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product. Precautions should be taken to avoid direct contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, as it may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals.4. References:
- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" - U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- "Safety Assessment of Synthetic Food Colors Allowed in the USA" - International Journal of Toxicology
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review
Red 27 Lake
1. Definition Red 27 Lake:
Red 27 Lake is a synthetic red colorant commonly used in cosmetics to provide a vibrant red hue. It is a water-insoluble dye made by combining a dye with a mineral substrate, such as aluminum hydroxide.2. Use:
Red 27 Lake is primarily used as a colorant in various cosmetic products, including lipsticks, blushes, eyeshadows, and nail polishes. It is known for its ability to provide a bright and long-lasting red color to formulations.3. Usage Red 27 Lake:
When using Red 27 Lake in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the desired color intensity is achieved without exceeding safety limits. It is also essential to conduct patch tests on a small area of skin before widespread application to check for any potential allergic reactions.Precautions: While Red 27 Lake is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to certain colorants. It is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur and consult a healthcare professional if necessary.
4. References:
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/color-additives-permitted-use-cosmetics
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2006). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Red 27 Lake. International Journal of Toxicology, 25(1), 27-52. doi: 10.1080/10915810600716653
- Personal Care Products Council (PCPC). (2018). Color Additive Information. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/Color-Additive-Information
Prunus Persica (Peach) Bud
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Aqua (Water)
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Alcohol Denat
1. Definition Alcohol Denat:
Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.2. Use:
Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.3. Usage Alcohol Denat:
When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.4. References:
- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.
- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.
- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.
Diisopropyl Sebacate
1. Definition Diisopropyl Sebacate:
Diisopropyl Sebacate is a synthetic ester derived from sebacic acid and isopropyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and plasticizer.2. Use:
Diisopropyl Sebacate is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and spreadability of products. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens, as well as in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks. Its emollient properties help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizing formulations.3. Usage Diisopropyl Sebacate:
When using products containing Diisopropyl Sebacate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of products containing Diisopropyl Sebacate to ensure optimal results.4. References:
- "Diisopropyl Sebacate" - CosmeticsInfo.org
- "Safety Assessment of Diisopropyl Sebacate" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Sunscreen Cream Containing Diisopropyl Sebacate" - International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Silica
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Isopropyl Myristate
1. Definition Isopropyl Myristate:
Isopropyl Myristate is a synthetic oil commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It is derived from isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil.2. Use:
Isopropyl Myristate is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and makeup products. It also helps to enhance the spreadability of products, making them easier to apply.3. Usage Isopropyl Myristate:
Isopropyl Myristate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause irritation for some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to patch test products containing Isopropyl Myristate before using them on a larger area of skin. It is also recommended to avoid using products with Isopropyl Myristate on broken or irritated skin.4. References:
- "Isopropyl Myristate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-myristate.
- Sagar, Ashok, et al. "Isopropyl Myristate: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, vol. 13, no. 2, 2012, pp. 93-97.
- "Isopropyl Myristate." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/isopropyl-myristate/.
Ethylhexyl Salicylate
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Salicylate:
Ethylhexyl Salicylate is an organic compound commonly used as a UV filter in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a clear liquid with a faint odor and is derived from salicylic acid.2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Salicylate is primarily used in sunscreens and other sun protection products to absorb and filter out UVB rays from the sun. It helps to prevent sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.3. Usage Ethylhexyl Salicylate:
Ethylhexyl Salicylate is typically found in sunscreen lotions, creams, and sprays, where it is combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is important to apply sunscreen containing Ethylhexyl Salicylate generously and reapply regularly, especially after swimming or sweating, to ensure maximum protection.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report of the safety assessment of ethylhexyl salicylate. International Journal of Toxicology, 22(Suppl 3), 1-35.
- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Ethylhexyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=352.10
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5352327, Ethylhexyl salicylate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethylhexyl-salicylate
Ethylhexyl Triazone
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Triazone:
Ethylhexyl Triazone, also known as Octyl Triazone, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products as a UV filter. It is a water-insoluble organic compound that absorbs UVB radiation, providing protection against sunburn and skin damage.2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Triazone is primarily used in sunscreens to enhance their UV protection capabilities. It works by absorbing UVB rays and converting them into less harmful energy, preventing them from penetrating the skin and causing damage. This ingredient is often combined with other UV filters, such as avobenzone or octocrylene, to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB radiation.3. Usage Ethylhexyl Triazone:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Triazone, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply the sunscreen generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures, such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.4. References:
- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.01.001
- Sarveiya V, Risk S, Benson HAE. Liquid chromatographic assay for common sunscreen agents: application to in vivo assessment of skin penetration and systemic absorption in human volunteers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004;803(2):225-231. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.032
- Moyal D. Fourcroy P. Broad-spectrum sunscreens: importance of protection against UVA and UVB radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 2):S139-S148. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.031
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine
1. Definition Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine:
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, also known as Tinosorb S, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreen formulations as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylbenzimidazoles.2. Use:
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine is used in cosmetic products, especially in sunscreens, to provide protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is known for its photostability and effectiveness in preventing sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.3. Usage Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine:
When using products containing Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product label. Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before going outside, and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.4. References:
- Moyal D. (2008). Molecular and clinical rationale for the use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen: a review of the evidence. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2 Suppl):6-12.
- Matta M.K., et al. (2010). Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 323(3):256-67.
- Nash J.F., et al. (2006). Sunscreens with photostable UVA filters prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in human skin exposed to UVA radiation. Pigment Cell Research, 19(4):364-74.
Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane
1. Definition Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane:
Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, also known as Avobenzone, is a common organic compound used in sunscreens and cosmetics to provide protection against UVA rays. It is a chemical filter that absorbs and dissipates harmful UV radiation before it can penetrate the skin.2. Use:
Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane is primarily used as a key ingredient in sunscreens to protect the skin from UVA radiation, which is known to cause premature aging, wrinkles, and skin cancer. It is often combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays.3. Usage Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane:
When using products containing Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, it is important to apply them generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or immediately after swimming or sweating to ensure continued protection. It is advisable to use sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30 and to seek shade during peak sun hours for added protection.4. References:
- Kullavanijaya, P., & Lim, H. W. (2005). Photoprotection. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 937-958.
- Matta, M. K., Florian, J., Zusterzeel, R., Pilli, N. R., Patel, V., Volpe, D. A., ... & Stratman, E. J. (2019). Effect of sunscreen application under maximal use conditions on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 321(21), 2082-2091.
- Autier, P., Boniol, M., Dore, J. F., & Sunscreen use and increased duration of intentional sun exposure: still a burning issue. International Journal of Cancer, 121(1), 1-5.
Niacinamide
1. Definition Niacinamide:
Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.
3. Usage Niacinamide:
Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.
Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.
- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
Propanediol
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
C12-22 Alkyl Acrylate/Hydroxyethylacrylate Copolymer
1. Definition C12-22 Alkyl Acrylate/Hydroxyethylacrylate Copolymer:
C12-22 Alkyl Acrylate/Hydroxyethylacrylate Copolymer is a copolymer composed of alkyl acrylate and hydroxyethylacrylate monomers. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent, emulsion stabilizer, and viscosity controlling agent.2. Use:
C12-22 Alkyl Acrylate/Hydroxyethylacrylate Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, sunscreens, and hair care products. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of the products, providing a smooth and even application on the skin or hair.3. Usage C12-22 Alkyl Acrylate/Hydroxyethylacrylate Copolymer:
When using products containing C12-22 Alkyl Acrylate/Hydroxyethylacrylate Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Alkyl Acrylate Copolymers as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2017.
- "Copolymer" by The American Heritage® Science Dictionary, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2011.
- "Alkyl Acrylate Copolymer" by Personal Care Council, accessed on www.personalcarecouncil.org.
Drometrizole Trisiloxane
1. Definition Drometrizole Trisiloxane:
Drometrizole Trisiloxane is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as a UV filter. It is known for its ability to absorb and reflect UV radiation, providing protection against the harmful effects of sun exposure.2. Use:
Drometrizole Trisiloxane is primarily used in sunscreens, moisturizers, and other skincare products to enhance their sun protection properties. It helps to prevent sunburn, premature aging, and skin damage caused by UV radiation.3. Usage Drometrizole Trisiloxane:
When using cosmetics containing Drometrizole Trisiloxane, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product label. Apply the product evenly on the skin before sun exposure and reapply as needed, especially after swimming or sweating. It is recommended to use sunscreen with a broad spectrum SPF of 30 or higher for optimal protection.Precautions: While Drometrizole Trisiloxane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- European Commission. (2019). CosIng - Cosmetics - GROWTH - European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=72212
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2012). Safety Assessment of Drometrizole Trisiloxane as Used in Cosmetics. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/drometrizole%20trisiloxane.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun
Perlite
1. Definition Perlite:
Perlite is a naturally occurring volcanic glass that expands when heated at high temperatures. It is a lightweight, inert, and non-toxic material that is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating and absorbent properties.2. Use:
Perlite is often used in cosmetic products such as exfoliating scrubs, masks, and cleansers to help remove dead skin cells and impurities from the skin's surface. It is also used in makeup products like foundations and powders to absorb excess oil and create a smooth, matte finish.3. Usage Perlite:
When using cosmetic products containing perlite, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using the product on the entire face to check for any allergic reactions or irritation. Avoid getting perlite products in the eyes, mouth, or other sensitive areas of the body.4. References:
- Almeida, I. F., Bahia, M. F., & Leite, J. R. (2017). Cosmetics: types, preparation and application. In Cosmetics: Types, Preparation and Application (pp. 1-20). Nova Science Publishers.
- Ribeiro, H. M., & Fernandes, I. P. (2017). Natural ingredients in cosmetics. In Natural Ingredients in Cosmetics (pp. 1-17). Elsevier.
- Lodeiro, C. (2019). The chemistry of cosmetics. In The Chemistry of Cosmetics (pp. 1-15). Springer.
Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Hydroxyacetophenone
1. Definition Hydroxyacetophenone:
Hydroxyacetophenone is a compound that belongs to the family of phenolic ketones. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its antioxidant properties.2. Use:
Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. It helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, thereby maintaining the quality and safety of the cosmetic formulation.3. Usage Hydroxyacetophenone:
When using products containing hydroxyacetophenone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in small concentrations and should not be ingested or applied to broken skin. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with hydroxyacetophenone to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.4. References:
- Lee, S., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Hydroxyacetophenone as a novel cosmetic preservative. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 25-33.
- De Groot, A. C., & Flyvholm, M. A. (2019). Contact allergy to hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis, 81(4), 267-272.
- European Commission. (2020). Opinion on hydroxyacetophenone. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.
Sodium Benzoate
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate
1. Definition Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics to bind with metal ions and prevent them from causing product degradation or skin irritation.2. Use:
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a stabilizer and preservative. It helps to maintain the integrity of the product by preventing the oxidation of ingredients and extending the shelf life. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other active ingredients in the formula by improving their stability.3. Usage Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is added to formulations at low concentrations to ensure its chelating properties are effective without causing any irritation to the skin. Users should follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use of products containing this ingredient.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate" by the European Chemicals Agency
- "Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate: A Versatile Chelating Agent for Personal Care Applications" by Croda International PLC
Silica Silylate
1. Definition Silica Silylate:
Silica Silylate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetic products as a thickening agent, absorbent, and texture enhancer. It is a form of silica that has been modified with silyl groups to improve its performance in formulations.2. Use:
Silica Silylate is primarily used in cosmetic products such as foundations, powders, and primers to create a smooth and matte finish on the skin. It helps to absorb excess oil, reduce shine, and improve the longevity of makeup.3. Usage Silica Silylate:
When using products containing Silica Silylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical application, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Silica Silylate." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 25, no. 1, 2006, pp. 1-10.
- Lodeiro, Carlos, et al. "Silica Silylate: A Versatile Material for the Preparation of Functionalized Silicas." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 320, no. 2, 2008, pp. 487-493.
- "Silica Silylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/silica-silylate.
Salicylic Acid
1. Definition Salicylic Acid:
Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.
2. Use:
Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.
3. Usage Salicylic Acid:
When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042
- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765
- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1
Zinc Pca
1. Definition Zinc Pca:
Zinc Pca (Zinc Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid) is a compound that combines Zinc with L-Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and sebum-regulating properties.2. Use:
Zinc Pca is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is known for its ability to help control excess oil production, reduce acne and blemishes, and soothe irritated skin. Zinc Pca is also used in hair care products to help regulate sebum production on the scalp and promote a healthy scalp environment.3. Usage Zinc Pca:
When using products containing Zinc Pca, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to their face or body. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of Zinc Pca and gradually increase the usage if needed. Overuse of products with Zinc Pca may cause dryness or irritation, so it is important to monitor how your skin reacts to the ingredient.4. References:
- Draelos ZD. Essential fatty acids in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(6): 669-673.
- Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Rafiee E, Mehrabian A, Feily A. Skin wound healing and phytomedicine: a review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(6):303-310.
- Brandt S. The clinical effects of zinc as a topical or oral agent on the clinical response and pathophysiologic mechanisms of inflammatory acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(5):542-545.
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, commonly known as Aloe Vera, is a succulent plant species that is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. The juice is extracted from the fleshy leaves of the plant and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, gels, and masks. Aloe Vera is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote healing of wounds and sunburns.3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied topically to the skin as needed. It is generally safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Aloe Vera to ensure there is no allergic reaction. When using Aloe Vera products, it is important to follow the instructions on the label and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., Laxmipriya, N. P., & Amin, M. (2015). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 60(3), 260–268.
- Reynolds, T., & Dweck, A. C. (1999). Aloe Vera leaf gel: a review update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68(1-3), 3–37.
Caprylyl Glycol
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid
1. Definition Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid:
Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid, also known as Mexoryl SX, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products for its photostability and broad-spectrum UV protection properties.2. Use:
Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid is primarily used as a UV filter in sunscreens to protect the skin from harmful UVA and UVB rays. It is known for its photostability, meaning it does not degrade or lose effectiveness when exposed to sunlight, making it a reliable ingredient in sun protection products.3. Usage Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.4. References:
- Maia Campos PMBG, Pinto CASO, Querobino SM, Gaspar LR. Safety and efficacy of a multifunctional sunscreen containing Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid for the prevention of ultraviolet-induced skin damage. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019 Apr;18(2):536-541. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12725. Epub 2018 Nov 12. PMID: 30421576.
- Bonda CA, Choudhury H, Das S, et al. Formulation and evaluation of sunscreen cream containing Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid. Int J Pharm Investig. 2013;3(1):39-45. doi:10.4103/2230-973X.108961
- Hensley D, Cimino A, Tareen B, et al. A review of the safety of Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid in cosmetics and its potential as a photo-stabilizer. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(4):AB176. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.732.
Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer
1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.2. Use:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.
Sarcosine
1. Definition Sarcosine:
Sarcosine is a derivative of the amino acid glycine, known for its skin brightening and anti-aging properties. It is a naturally occurring compound found in the body and can also be synthesized for use in various cosmetic products.2. Use:
Sarcosine is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin tone and texture. It is often found in products such as serums, creams, and masks, targeting concerns such as hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and dullness. Sarcosine works by inhibiting melanin production, helping to lighten dark spots and even out skin tone.3. Usage Sarcosine:
When using products containing sarcosine, it is important to follow the recommended instructions for application. Patch testing is recommended before using any new product to check for potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. Sarcosine should be used as directed and not in excessive amounts to avoid any adverse effects on the skin.4. References:
- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., Kim, D., Baek, J. H., Park, Y. H., ... & Kim, B. J. (2014). Sarcosine induces melanogenesis through phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein in melan-a cells. Journal of dermatological science, 73(3), 190-197.
- Kim, K., Kim, D., Kim, M. J., Kim, K. S., Kim, D. K., Kim, B. J., ... & Kim, B. J. (2013). Sarcosine attenuates toluene-induced melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocytes. Experimental dermatology, 22(9), 602-604.
- Kim, K., Kim, D., Kim, M. J., Kim, K. S., Kim, D. K., Kim, B. J., ... & Kim, B. J. (2013). Sarcosine attenuates toluene-induced melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocytes. Experimental dermatology, 22(9), 602-604.
Citric Acid
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Potassium Sorbate
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
