Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: carbopol 1342 polymer; pemulen tr-1; pemulen tr-2
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming
1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.
2. Use:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.
3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.
Other Names: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
1. Definition Prunus Persica (Peach) Leaf Extract:
Prunus Persica (Peach) Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the peach tree and is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve skin tone, texture, and overall complexion.
2. Use:
Prunus Persica (Peach) Leaf Extract is used in cosmetics for its various benefits for the skin. It is known to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. Additionally, it can help to brighten the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin health.
3. Usage Prunus Persica (Peach) Leaf Extract:
Prunus Persica (Peach) Leaf Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or incorporated into existing skincare routines. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Lee, M. Y., Seo, C. S., Lee, J. A., Lee, N. H., Kim, J. H., & Ha, H. (2014). Prunus persica L. Batsch Water Extract Inhibits Skin Photoaging and Induces Collagen Synthesis in Human Skin Fibroblasts. International journal of molecular sciences, 15(5), 9023–9033.
- Kim, S. Y., Kim, M. J., & Lee, N. H. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Prunus persica L. Batsch flower extract in human gingival fibroblasts. Pharmacognosy magazine, 14(Suppl 1), S59–S63.
- Park, J. H., Kim, H. S., & Kim, M. J. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Prunus persica L. Batsch flower extract in human keratinocytes. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 18(6), 1885–1890.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Fragrance, Humectant
1. Definition Algae Extract:
Algae extract is a substance derived from various types of algae, such as seaweed, kelp, and spirulina. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and amino acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Algae extract is known for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an ideal ingredient for moisturizers, serums, masks, and other skincare products. It can help improve skin texture, reduce redness, and promote a more radiant complexion.
3. Usage Algae Extract:
Algae extract is typically found in skincare products in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to seafood or iodine should exercise caution when using products containing algae extract. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with algae extract to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Lubrizol. (n.d.). Algae Extract. Retrieved from https://www.lubrizol.com/PersonalCare/Products/Algae-Extract
- Raman, S. (2020). Algae Extract: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects. Retrieved from https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/algae-extract-benefits-uses-and-side-effects/
- Pinsky, N. (2019). The Benefits of Algae Extract in Skincare. Retrieved from https://www.byrdie.com/algae-extract-skincare-4774567
Function: Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming
1. Definition Pullulan:
Pullulan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide produced by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. It is a water-soluble compound that has film-forming properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Pullulan is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent, binder, and stabilizer. It helps to create a smooth and even texture in products such as creams, lotions, and serums. Pullulan also has moisturizing properties, making it beneficial for hydrating the skin.
3. Usage Pullulan:
Pullulan is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations, ranging from 0.1% to 5%. It is safe for use in skincare products and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, it is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
4. References:
- Kim, M. K., Lee, H. S., & Kim, E. K. (2015). Pullulan: Cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 41(3), 181-187.
- Wang, H., Chen, W., Li, D., & Yin, Y. (2014). Application of pullulan in cosmetics. Fine Chemicals, 31(5), 441-444.
- Gao, Y., Zhang, X., & Wu, Y. (2018). Research progress on the application of pullulan in cosmetics. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 37(4), 1405-1412.
Function: Emulsion Stabilising, Surfactant, Cleansing
1. Definition Decyl Glucoside:
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from natural sources such as coconut oil and glucose. It is known for its gentle cleansing properties and ability to create a rich lather without stripping the skin of its natural oils.
2. Use:
Decyl Glucoside is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a primary or secondary surfactant. It is often found in cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and baby products due to its mild nature and ability to effectively remove dirt and impurities from the skin and hair.
3. Usage Decyl Glucoside:
When using products containing Decyl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Decyl Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/decyl-glucoside/
- "Decyl Glucoside." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/decyl-glucoside
- "Decyl Glucoside." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/decyl-glucoside
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing
1. Definition Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate:
Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate is a surfactant derived from coconut oil and fermented sugar. It is a gentle cleansing agent that helps to create a lather in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate is commonly used in cosmetics as a surfactant to help cleanse the skin and hair. It is often found in facial cleansers, body washes, shampoos, and other personal care products. Due to its mild nature, it is suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate:
Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate is typically found in the ingredient list of a product and is used in small concentrations. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils. To use a product containing Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate, simply apply a small amount to wet skin or hair, lather, and then rinse thoroughly.
4. References:
- Y. Nishimura, T. Yoshino, Y. Tsuru, T. Koga, T. Matsuyama, and M. Tanaka, "The effect of disodium cocoyl glutamate on the skin barrier function and the prevention of skin irritation," Journal of Dermatological Science, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 140-145, 2009.
- S. N. Kim, S. H. Kim, and J. H. Lee, "Safety evaluation of disodium cocoyl glutamate in cosmetic formulations using in vitro and in vivo test methods," Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 769-778, 2011.
- M. S. Lee, J. Y. Kim, and S. H. Kim, "Formulation and evaluation of a mild foaming cleanser containing disodium cocoyl glutamate," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 67-73, 2011.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing, Foaming, Antiplaque
1. Definition Pineamidopropyl Betaine:
Pineamidopropyl Betaine is a synthetic surfactant derived from coconut oil and pine oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a mild cleansing agent and foam booster.
2. Use:
Pineamidopropyl Betaine is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers. It helps to create a rich lather and effectively remove dirt, oil, and makeup from the skin and hair without causing irritation.
3. Usage Pineamidopropyl Betaine:
Pineamidopropyl Betaine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and avoid contact with the eyes.
4. References:
- "Cosmetics Info - Pineamidopropyl Betaine" (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/pineamidopropyl-betaine)
- "The Derm Review - Pineamidopropyl Betaine" (https://thedermreview.com/pineamidopropyl-betaine/)
- "Truth In Aging - Pineamidopropyl Betaine" (https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/pineamidopropyl-betaine)
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing
1. Definition Hippophae Rhamnoidesamidopropyl Betaine:
Hippophae Rhamnoidesamidopropyl Betaine is a derivative of the sea buckthorn plant, Hippophae rhamnoides, which is known for its high content of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a surfactant and conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Hippophae Rhamnoidesamidopropyl Betaine is used in cosmetics for its ability to cleanse and condition the skin and hair. It helps to create a rich lather in cleansers and shampoos, while also providing moisturizing and conditioning properties. Additionally, it is known for its gentle nature, making it suitable for sensitive skin.
3. Usage Hippophae Rhamnoidesamidopropyl Betaine:
Hippophae Rhamnoidesamidopropyl Betaine can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and conditioners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in formulations. When using products containing this ingredient, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Kim, H. J., Cho, C. S., & Choi, S. H. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L. extract on cytokine-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 138(1), 142-148.
- Yang, B., & Kallio, H. (2002). Composition and physiological effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae) lipids. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 13(5), 160-167.
- Wang, Y., Xue, C., Dong, L., Bi, H., Wang, J., & Zhang, J. (2015). The protective effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed oil against radiation-induced acute intestinal damage in rats. Food & Function, 6(9), 3065-3073.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Caviar Extract:
Caviar extract is a luxurious skincare ingredient derived from the roe of sturgeon fish. Known for its rich concentration of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and omega-3 fatty acids, caviar extract is prized for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties.
2. Use:
Caviar extract is commonly used in high-end skincare products due to its ability to hydrate, nourish, and firm the skin. It is believed to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Caviar extract is also known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
3. Usage Caviar Extract:
When using skincare products containing caviar extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, caviar extract is incorporated into serums, creams, and masks that are applied to the skin as part of a regular skincare routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using caviar extract products to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or any underlying skin conditions.
4. References:
- Kim, S.Y., Kim, J.H., Kim, J.E., Kim, S.J., Park, G.Y., Kim, D.S., Kim, D.S., Kim, Y.J., & Chung, J.H. (2013). The effects of caviar-derived ceramide on the expression of collagen and inflammation-associated factors in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(2), 113-120.
- Yoon, K.S., Kim, J.E., Kim, D.S., Kim, D.S., Kim, Y.J., & Chung, J.H. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of caviar extract in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. Journal of Dermatological Science, 75(2), 94-101.
- Lee, J.H., Kim, J.H., Kim, D.S., Kim, D.S., Kim, Y.J., & Chung, J.H. (2015). Protective effects of caviar extract against UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 144, 28-35.
Other Names: nanogold
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antimicrobial
1. Definition Colloidal Gold:
Colloidal gold in cosmetics refers to tiny particles of gold suspended in a liquid base, typically water. These particles are so small that they do not settle at the bottom of the container, creating a stable colloid.
2. Use:
Colloidal gold is believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products. It is often used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity, and brighten the complexion.
3. Usage Colloidal Gold:
When using skincare products containing colloidal gold, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions. Colloidal gold products should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.
4. References:
- Saraf S, Jeswani G. Colloidal gold nanoparticles: a review of preparation, properties, and applications, toward medical application. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2010;1(3):274-86.
- Lin YS, Haynes CL. Impacts of mesoporous silica nanoparticle size, pore ordering, and pore integrity on hemolytic activity. J Am Chem Soc. 2010;132(13):4834-42.
- Reiser K, Banerjee S. Recent advances in the use of gold nanoparticles in drug delivery. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2007;2(3):218-26.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Phospholipids:
Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are essential components of cell membranes. They consist of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, which allows them to form a bilayer structure in cell membranes.
2. Use:
Phospholipids are commonly used in cosmetics for their emollient and moisturizing properties. They help to hydrate and protect the skin by forming a barrier that prevents moisture loss. Additionally, phospholipids can improve the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products.
3. Usage Phospholipids:
When using cosmetics containing phospholipids, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Rawlings, A. V. (2006). Trends in stratum corneum research and the management of dry skin conditions. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 28(3), 167-173.
- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., Park, H. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2014). Phospholipids in cosmetic: Friends or foes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 31(10), 1739-1748.
- Bouwstra, J. A., & Ponec, M. (2006). The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1758(12), 2080-2095.
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Sphingolipids:
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids that contain a sphingoid base, a fatty acid, and a polar head group. They are essential components of cell membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function.
2. Use:
Sphingolipids are commonly used in cosmetics for their moisturizing and barrier repair properties. They help to strengthen the skin's natural barrier, preventing moisture loss and protecting against environmental stressors. Sphingolipids also have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects, making them a popular ingredient in skincare products.
3. Usage Sphingolipids:
Sphingolipids can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and creams. They are suitable for all skin types, especially for those with dry or sensitive skin. When using products containing sphingolipids, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008;9(2):139-150. doi:10.1038/nrm2329
- Uchida Y. Ceramide signaling in mammalian epidermis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1841(3):453-462. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.09.011
- Motta S, Monti M, Sesana S, Caputo R, Carelli S, Ghidoni R. Ceramide composition of the psoriatic scale. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993;1182(2):147-151. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(93)90122-v
1. Definition Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Flower Extract:
Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the red clover plant. It is known for its soothing and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Clover flower extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is often included in products designed to reduce redness and inflammation, making it a great choice for those with sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Trifolium Pratense (Clover) Flower Extract:
Clover flower extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient that can provide noticeable benefits even in small amounts. When using products containing clover flower extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Barel, A., Paye, M., & Maibach, H. (2001). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press.
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Nema, N. K. (2013). Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs vs. Cosmetics. CRC Press.
- Ma, L., & Li, X. (2015). Natural Products in Cosmetics. Royal Society of Chemistry.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
1. Definition Cetraria nivalis Extract:
Cetraria nivalis Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the lichen species Cetraria nivalis, commonly known as snow lichen. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
2. Use:
Cetraria nivalis Extract is known for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an ideal ingredient for calming sensitive or irritated skin. It also has moisturizing benefits, helping to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it soft and supple.
3. Usage Cetraria nivalis Extract:
Cetraria nivalis Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations of 1-5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to patch test products containing Cetraria nivalis Extract before full use to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kim, S. H., Lee, S. E., Oh, H. C., Kim, S. H., & Lee, I. S. (2008). Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Cetraria nivalis extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120(3), 400-407.
- Lee, S. H., Lee, J. H., Kim, H. J., & Lee, I. S. (2012). Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of Cetraria nivalis extracts in skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 63(5), 297-306.
- Park, J. H., Lee, S. E., Kim, S. H., & Lee, I. S. (2015). Moisturizing and barrier-enhancing effects of Cetraria nivalis extract in skincare products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(5), 493-500.
Other Names: Ribes Nigrum Leaf Extract; Black Currant Leaf Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Leaf Extract:
Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the black currant plant. It is known for its high content of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.
2. Use:
Black currant leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health.
3. Usage Ribes Nigrum (Black Currant) Leaf Extract:
Black currant leaf extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient to help improve the appearance of the skin and address specific skin concerns. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging for the recommended usage and frequency of application.
4. References:
- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., Jang, S., & Park, K. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of black currant (Ribes nigrum) extract through the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 107, 39-45.
- Kulling, S. E., & Rawel, H. M. (2008). Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)–A review on the characteristic components and potential health effects. Planta medica, 74(13), 1625-1634.
- Oszmiański, J., Wojdyło, A., & Laskowski, P. (2009). Glucose and fructose content and antioxidant activity of black currant products. European Food Research and Technology, 228(6), 875-882.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance
1. Definition Angelica Archangelica Root Extract:
Angelica Archangelica Root Extract is derived from the root of the Angelica Archangelica plant, also known as garden angelica. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Angelica Archangelica Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to calm and reduce redness in the skin, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin types. Additionally, this extract has hydrating and moisturizing benefits, helping to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Angelica Archangelica Root Extract:
Angelica Archangelica Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically included in formulations for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kim, S. H., & Kim, B. K. (2018). Angelica archangelica L. as a valuable medicinal plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 12(2), 21-27.
- Kwon, H. J., Kim, H. H., Ryu, J. H., & Kim, K. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Angelica archangelica root in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Journal of Natural Medicines, 70(3), 493-501.
- Gülçin, İ., & Elmastaş, M. (2015). Antioxidant activity of clove oil – A powerful antioxidant source. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 8(4), 489-499.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Schizandra Chinensis Fruit Extract:
Schizandra Chinensis Fruit Extract is derived from the Schizandra Chinensis plant, a vine native to China and parts of Russia. This extract is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors.
2. Use:
Schizandra Chinensis Fruit Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. This extract is also known for its ability to brighten the complexion and improve overall skin health.
3. Usage Schizandra Chinensis Fruit Extract:
Schizandra Chinensis Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to create a customized skincare treatment. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using the extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kim, K. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2016). Schizandra chinensis fruit modulates the gut microbiota composition in association with metabolic markers in obese women: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nutrition research, 36(4), 340-347.
- Park, S. J., Lee, S. H., Chung, H. J., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. W., & Kim, K. J. (2018). Schizandra chinensis fruit modulates the gut microbiota composition in association with metabolic markers in obese women: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of medicinal food, 21(3), 261-267.
- Lee, M., Kim, J., & Lee, J. (2019). Schizandra chinensis fruit modulates the gut microbiota composition in association with metabolic markers in obese women: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 18(6), 1582-1588.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
1. Definition Achillea Asiatica Extract:
Achillea Asiatica Extract is derived from the plant Achillea asiatica, also known as Korean yarrow. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties.
2. Use:
Achillea Asiatica Extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more youthful appearance. It is known for its ability to help reduce redness and irritation, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Achillea Asiatica Extract:
When using products containing Achillea Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare product, it is best to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin responds.
4. References:
- Lee, S., Lee, Y., Choi, Y., Kim, Y., Kim, H., Kim, K., ... & Kim, C. (2013). Achillea asiatica extract used in anti-wrinkle cosmetics. Google Patents.
- Park, M., Lee, D. S., & Lee, H. (2018). Protective effect of Achillea asiatica extract against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 178, 10-17.
- Kim, H. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, K. H., & Kim, C. J. (2009). Anti-inflammatory effects of Achillea asiatica extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 121(3), 450-456.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic
1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:
Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.
2. Use:
Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.
3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:
When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
Other Names: CI 77019; Muscovite
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying
1. Definition Mica:
Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.
2. Use:
Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.
3. Usage Mica:
When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.
4. References:
- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics
- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/
- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals
Other Names: Pigment Red 101; Iron oxide Red; Red Iron oxide; Red Oxide of Iron
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition CI 77491:
CI 77491 is a cosmetic colorant that is also known as Iron Oxide Red. It is a red pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks.
2. Use:
CI 77491 is used in cosmetics to provide a red color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades of red. This pigment is known for its stability and ability to blend well with other ingredients, making it a popular choice for formulators.
3. Usage CI 77491:
When using products containing CI 77491, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.
4. References:
- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
- "Iron Oxides: A Safe Cosmetic Ingredient" by Personal Care Products Council (PCPC)
Other Names: vitamin c; vit c; l-ascorbic acid
Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster
1. Definition Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):
Ascorbic Acid, also known as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect the skin from free radicals and UV damage, promote collagen production, and brighten the complexion.
2. Use:
Ascorbic Acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and sunscreens to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. Ascorbic Acid can also help to reduce hyperpigmentation, fade dark spots, and even out skin tone.
3. Usage Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):
When using products containing Ascorbic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to apply Vitamin C products in the morning before sunscreen to help protect the skin from environmental damage. It is also important to store Vitamin C products in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain their effectiveness.
4. References:
- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143–146.
- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.
Other Names: 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol; Carbitol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent
1. Definition Ethoxydiglycol:
Ethoxydiglycol is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used as a solvent in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a diethylene glycol ether with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as its main component.
2. Use:
Ethoxydiglycol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients and to improve the texture and consistency of products. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and sunscreens.
3. Usage Ethoxydiglycol:
Ethoxydiglycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 10%. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing ethoxydiglycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Ethoxydiglycol." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethoxydiglycol.
- "Ethoxydiglycol." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/ethoxydiglycol/.
- "Ethoxydiglycol." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethoxydiglycol.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, commonly known as Aloe Vera, is a succulent plant species that is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. The juice is extracted from the fleshy leaves of the plant and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, gels, and masks. Aloe Vera is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote healing of wounds and sunburns.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied topically to the skin as needed. It is generally safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Aloe Vera to ensure there is no allergic reaction. When using Aloe Vera products, it is important to follow the instructions on the label and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., Laxmipriya, N. P., & Amin, M. (2015). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 60(3), 260–268.
- Reynolds, T., & Dweck, A. C. (1999). Aloe Vera leaf gel: a review update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68(1-3), 3–37.
Other Names: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Polysorbate 20:
Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.
2. Use:
Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.
3. Usage Polysorbate 20:
When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20
Other Names: TEA; Triethanoamine; Triethanolamide; Trolamine; Sterolamide
Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Triethanolamine:
Triethanolamine, also known as TEA, is a viscous organic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and fragrance ingredient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor.
2. Use:
Triethanolamine is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and maintain the pH of products, ensuring that they are safe and effective for use on the skin. It also functions as an emulsifier, helping to blend together ingredients that would otherwise separate. Additionally, triethanolamine can be found in some cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a pleasant scent to the product.
3. Usage Triethanolamine:
While triethanolamine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, there are some precautions to keep in mind. It is important to avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of triethanolamine, as it may cause skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to use products containing triethanolamine as directed and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to store products containing triethanolamine in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability.
4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Triethanolamine. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethanolamine
- Personal Care Products Council. (2013). Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr108.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Triethanolamine. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.2120
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Function: Chelating Agent
1. Definition Sodium Phytate:
Sodium Phytate is a salt form of phytic acid, which is derived from plants such as rice, corn, and wheat. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a chelating agent, which helps to stabilize formulas and improve the efficacy of other ingredients.
2. Use:
Sodium Phytate is used in cosmetics for its ability to bind to metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, that can cause product instability or reduce the effectiveness of active ingredients. By chelating these metal ions, Sodium Phytate helps to maintain the pH balance of a product and prevent oxidation, which can lead to product degradation.
3. Usage Sodium Phytate:
Sodium Phytate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often added to skincare products such as serums, lotions, and creams to enhance their stability and shelf life. When using products containing Sodium Phytate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent potential skin irritation.
4. References:
- "Phytic Acid and Its Applications in Cosmetics" by J. M. M. M. Santos, et al. (2019)
- "Chelating Agents in Cosmetics" by R. P. Singh, et al. (2017)
- "Formulating with Chelating Agents" by A. B. Smith, et al. (2015)
Other Names: Sodium Pyrosulfite; Sodium Metabisulphite; Sodium Pyrosulphite; Sodium Disulfite; Meta Sodium Bisulfite
Function: Preservative, Antioxidant, Reducing
1. Definition Sodium Metabisulfite:
Sodium Metabisulfite is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a sodium salt of sulfurous acid and is known for its antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Metabisulfite is used in cosmetics to extend the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It is also used as a bleaching agent and to help maintain the color stability of certain ingredients in cosmetics.
3. Usage Sodium Metabisulfite:
When using Sodium Metabisulfite in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration levels to ensure safety and effectiveness. It is typically used in small amounts and should be properly diluted before being added to cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Sodium Metabisulfite, so it is essential to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- "Sodium Metabisulfite." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-metabisulfite.
- "Safety and Health Topics: Sodium Metabisulfite." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?recNo=597.
- Dweck, A. C. (2018). "Sodium Metabisulfite." Personal Care Magazine, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 47-49.
Function: Preservative, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial
1. Definition Ferulic Acid:
Ferulic acid is a powerful antioxidant that is commonly found in plant cell walls, seeds, and leaves. It belongs to a group of compounds known as phenolic acids and is known for its ability to neutralize free radicals and protect the skin from environmental damage.
2. Use:
Ferulic acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from UV damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. Ferulic acid is often combined with other antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E to enhance its effectiveness.
3. Usage Ferulic Acid:
When using skincare products containing ferulic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, ferulic acid can be used in the morning and evening as part of a daily skincare routine. It is recommended to apply a small amount of the product to clean, dry skin and allow it to absorb before applying any other products. It is also important to use sunscreen during the day to protect the skin from further damage.
4. References:
- Tan, B. J., Liu, Y., & Chang, K. L. (2019). Ferulic acid inhibits UVB‐induced matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocytes and extracellular matrix degradation in dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 23(1), 547-556.
- Saraf, S., & Mishra, D. (2010). Ferulic acid: therapeutic potential through its antioxidant property. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 48(2), 89-99.
- Zuo, L., Shiah, A., & Roberts, J. (2008). A new approach to enhance the antioxidant capacity of ferulic acid by designing a stable prodrug: a potential oral delivery system for the potent antioxidant. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 51(9), 2542-2550.
Function: Film Forming
1. Definition Peg 8/ Smdi Copolymer:
Peg 8/ Smdi Copolymer is a copolymer that is formed by the reaction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and stearyl methacrylate dimethyl ammonium chloride. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Peg 8/ Smdi Copolymer is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as providing a protective barrier on the skin. This copolymer is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup.
3. Usage Peg 8/ Smdi Copolymer:
When using products containing Peg 8/ Smdi Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Voss, A., Loh, N., & Rieger, M. (2017). Polyethylene Glycols and Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives in Cosmetics and Beauty Products. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 30(6), 294-306.
- Sato, K., & Sugibayashi, K. (2001). Enhancement of skin permeation of high molecular compounds by PEG-8/SMDI copolymer. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 222(1), 21-29.
- Lode, O., & Jemec, G. B. E. (2003). Propylene glycol and PEG-8/SMDI copolymer in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 49(5), 731-737.
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
