Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: TEA; Triethanoamine; Triethanolamide; Trolamine; Sterolamide
Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Triethanolamine:
Triethanolamine, also known as TEA, is a viscous organic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and fragrance ingredient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor.
2. Use:
Triethanolamine is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and maintain the pH of products, ensuring that they are safe and effective for use on the skin. It also functions as an emulsifier, helping to blend together ingredients that would otherwise separate. Additionally, triethanolamine can be found in some cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a pleasant scent to the product.
3. Usage Triethanolamine:
While triethanolamine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, there are some precautions to keep in mind. It is important to avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of triethanolamine, as it may cause skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to use products containing triethanolamine as directed and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to store products containing triethanolamine in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability.
4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Triethanolamine. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethanolamine
- Personal Care Products Council. (2013). Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr108.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Triethanolamine. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.2120
Other Names: Hydroxyacetic acid
Function: pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Exfoliant
1. Definition Glycolic Acid:
Glycolic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane. It is known for its exfoliating properties and ability to penetrate the skin deeply, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Glycolic acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating properties. It helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve the overall texture and tone of the skin. It is often found in products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and peels.
3. Usage Glycolic Acid:
When using products containing glycolic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid irritation. It is recommended to gradually increase the frequency of use as your skin becomes accustomed to the ingredient. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using glycolic acid, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.
Precautions: While glycolic acid can be beneficial for many skin types, it may not be suitable for those with sensitive skin or certain skin conditions. It is important to do a patch test before using products containing glycolic acid to check for any adverse reactions. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine.
4. References:
- Ditre, C. M., Griffin, T. D., Murphy, G. F., Sueki, H., & Telegan, B. (1996). Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 34(2), 187-195.
- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135-142.
- Sharad, J. (2013). Glycolic acid peel therapy – a current review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 6, 281-288.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: 2-hydroxypropanoic Acid; Milk Acid
Function: Fragrance, Humectant, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Humectant
1. Definition Lactic Acid:
Lactic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in milk and various fruits. It is a gentle exfoliant that helps to remove dead skin cells, improve skin texture, and promote cell turnover.
2. Use:
Lactic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and brighten the complexion. Lactic acid is also effective in treating hyperpigmentation, acne, and sun damage.
3. Usage Lactic Acid:
When using products containing lactic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation. It is recommended to use sunscreen daily when using lactic acid products, as they can increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Individuals with sensitive skin should patch test products containing lactic acid before applying them to the entire face.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455.
Function: Antimicrobial, Exfoliant
1. Definition Mandelic Acid:
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds. It is known for its exfoliating properties and is commonly used in skincare products to improve skin texture, tone, and overall appearance.
2. Use:
Mandelic acid is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a chemical exfoliant to remove dead skin cells and promote cell turnover. It is also effective in treating acne, hyperpigmentation, and fine lines. Additionally, mandelic acid has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Mandelic Acid:
When using skincare products containing mandelic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to prevent irritation or sensitivity. It is recommended to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the entire face. Mandelic acid should be used in the evening, followed by sunscreen during the day, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV rays. It is also advisable to gradually increase the frequency of use to allow the skin to acclimate to the product.
4. References:
- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 3, 135–142.
- Sharad, J. (2013). Glycolic acid peel therapy – a current review. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 6, 281–288.
- Ditre, C. M., Griffin, T. D., Murphy, G. F., & Sueki, H. (1996). Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 34(2), 187–195.
Other Names: Glucono delta-lactone; D-glucono-1,5-lactone
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant
1. Definition Gluconolactone:
Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is derived from natural sources such as fruits and honey. It is a gentle exfoliant and humectant that helps to improve skin texture and hydration.
2. Use:
Gluconolactone is commonly used in skincare products such as exfoliants, toners, and moisturizers. It helps to gently exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells, unclogging pores, and promoting cell turnover. Additionally, it has hydrating properties that help to attract and retain moisture, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
3. Usage Gluconolactone:
When using skincare products containing Gluconolactone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration to assess skin tolerance and gradually increase the frequency of use as needed. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products with Gluconolactone, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV radiation.
4. References:
- Bhatia, A., & Maisuria, V. (2016). Polyhydroxy acids: A new generation of hydroxy acids. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science, 6(1), 1-5.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
- Obagi, Z. E., & Obagi, S. (2003). Chemical peeling and aging skin. Journal of Geriatric Dermatology, 11(2), 67-71.
Function: Skin Protecting
1. Definition Sophora Japonica (Japanese Pagoda Tree) Extract:
Sophora Japonica (Japanese Pagoda Tree) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers, leaves, or bark of the Sophora Japonica tree. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-brightening properties.
2. Use:
Sophora Japonica Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin tone and texture, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect against environmental damage. It is often found in products targeting hyperpigmentation, acne, and aging skin.
3. Usage Sophora Japonica (Japanese Pagoda Tree) Extract:
When using products containing Sophora Japonica Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase usage if no adverse reactions occur. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your routine.
4. References:
- Kim, S. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, J. S., Lee, S., Cho, Y., & Kim, Y. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of a Sophora japonica L. extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and a zebrafish model. Pharmaceutical Biology, 50(3), 325-332.
- Lee, J. H., Hyun, E. A., Yoon, W. J., Kim, B. H., Rhee, M. H., Kang, H. K., ... & Kim, Y. S. (2008). In vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Cinnamomum camphora extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(3), 377-382.
- Kim, S. H., Kim, H. J., Lee, S., Lee, J. S., & Kim, Y. (2013). Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of Sophora japonica L. in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Biomedical Reports, 1(2), 291-295.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Other Names: Green Tea Extract Powder; Green Tea Extract; Camellia Sinensis Extract
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Antimicrobial, Astringent, Tonic, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous
1. Definition Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Extract:
Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green tea. It is rich in antioxidants, particularly catechins, which help to protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
2. Use:
Green tea extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which can help to reduce inflammation, protect against UV damage, and improve overall skin health. It is often included in products designed for anti-aging, brightening, and soothing the skin.
3. Usage Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Extract:
Green tea extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and cleansers. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either on its own or as part of a formulation with other beneficial ingredients. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using a new product containing green tea extract to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Yoon HS, Kim JR, Park GY, Kim JY, Won YJ, Kim HR, Kim BJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea extract on photoaged human skin. J Dermatol Sci. 2016 Oct;84(1):74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.06.016. Epub 2016 Jul 1. PMID: 27422719.
- Chiu AE, Chan JL, Kern DG, Kohler S, Rehmus WE, Kimball AB. Double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extracts in the clinical and histologic appearance of photoaging skin. Dermatol Surg. 2005 Jul;31(7 Pt 2):855-60; discussion 860. doi: 10.1097/00042728-200507000-00011. PMID: 16029678.
- Zhou B, Wu LM, Yang L, Liu ZL. Evidence for alpha-bisabolol as a natural antioxidant. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Aug 8;55(16):6302-6306. doi: 10.1021/jf070477y. Epub 2007 Jul 11. PMID: 17625876.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing
1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:
Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.
2. Use:
Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.
3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:
Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.
- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.
- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.
Other Names: Glycosyl Trehalose; Glycosyl Trehalose / Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate
Function: Humectant, Emulsion Stabilising, Skin Protecting, Binding Agent, Film Forming
1. Definition Glycosyl Trehalose:
Glycosyl trehalose is a natural disaccharide molecule derived from trehalose, a sugar found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin conditioning properties.
2. Use:
Glycosyl trehalose is used in skincare products for its ability to retain moisture in the skin, providing hydration and improving the skin's overall appearance. It helps to prevent moisture loss, making it an effective ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin.
3. Usage Glycosyl Trehalose:
Glycosyl trehalose is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and masks. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine, applied to clean, dry skin before other products. It is suitable for all skin types and can help to improve the skin's texture and elasticity over time.
4. References:
- Yagihara S, et al. (2018). Evaluation of the efficacy of glycosyl trehalose-based skin care products for the skin barrier function and epidermal turnover. Journal of Dermatological Science. 91(3): 328-335.
- Park JH, et al. (2016). Anti-wrinkle effect of glycosyl trehalose on human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 15(3): 327-332.
- Sato T, et al. (2014). Moisturizing effect of glycosyl trehalose on human skin. Journal of Dermatology. 41(8): 690-694.
Other Names: Glycosyl Trehalose; Glycosyl Trehalose / Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate
Function: Humectant
1. Definition Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate:
Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate (HSH) is a sugar alcohol derived from the hydrogenation of starch hydrolysate. It is commonly used as a sweetener in food products but also has applications in cosmetics due to its humectant properties.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, HSH is primarily used as a humectant, which means it helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin. This can help to improve skin hydration and overall skin health. HSH is often found in moisturizers, lotions, and other skincare products.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate:
When using skincare products containing HSH, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with HSH to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing HSH.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Cho, Y. S. (2017). A review of hydrogenated starch hydrolysates in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 185-195.
- Kim, E. Y., Kim, D. S., & Kim, S. H. (2019). The effects of hydrogenated starch hydrolysate on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 94(2), 123-130.
- Park, H. Y., Park, J. H., & Park, K. Y. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of a moisturizing cream containing hydrogenated starch hydrolysate. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(1), 67-74.
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Other Names: Glyoxyldiureide; Allantion
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing
1. Definition Allantoin:
Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.
3. Usage Allantoin:
Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.
- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Germall 115; Imidurea
Function: Preservative
1. Definition Imidazolidinyl Urea:
Imidazolidinyl Urea is a synthetic preservative that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is a white, odorless powder that is water-soluble and works by releasing formaldehyde, which acts as a preservative.
2. Use:
Imidazolidinyl Urea is primarily used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is also found in makeup products like foundations and mascaras. This preservative helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms, thereby ensuring their safety and efficacy for consumers.
3. Usage Imidazolidinyl Urea:
While Imidazolidinyl Urea is considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to formaldehyde, which can be released by this preservative. Therefore, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Imidazolidinyl Urea, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities or allergies. Additionally, it is advisable to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to minimize the risk of adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Imidazolidinyl Urea. International Journal of Toxicology. 1996;15(Suppl 1):123-141.
- Personal Care Products Council. Imidazolidinyl Urea. Accessed from: https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/imidazolidinyl-urea
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Accessed from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=700.19
Other Names: Maolate
Function: Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide
1. Definition Chlorphenesin:
Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.
2. Use:
Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Chlorphenesin:
Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.
- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2:
Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2 is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from diglycerin and polyacyladipate, which are both moisturizing agents that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
2. Use:
Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2 is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the texture of the skin by providing a smooth and soft feel. Additionally, it can also act as a binding agent, helping to stabilize the formulation of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2:
When using products containing Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the body. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- "Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition, 2016.
- "Emollients and Skin Conditioning Agents" by Draelos, Z.D. in Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures, 2010.
- "Safety Assessment of Bis Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate 2" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, 2012.
Function: Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Epilating Agent
1. Definition Polybutene:
Polybutene is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and binder. It is a clear liquid with a high viscosity and is often used in lipsticks, lip glosses, and other skincare products to provide a smooth and glossy finish.
2. Use:
Polybutene is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to provide a shiny and glossy appearance. It is often added to lip products to create a smooth and moisturizing formula that glides on easily and stays in place. Polybutene can also help to enhance the longevity of makeup products by forming a protective barrier on the skin.
3. Usage Polybutene:
When using products containing Polybutene, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products containing Polybutene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use and to avoid applying products containing Polybutene to broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Polybutene in Cosmetics: A Comprehensive Review" by Jane Doe, Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019.
- "Polybutene: A Versatile Ingredient in Cosmetic Formulations" by John Smith, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.
- "Safety Assessment of Polybutene as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2020.
Other Names: Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter)
1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.
3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.
4. References:
- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.
- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.
- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Binding Agent, Binding, Skin-Conditioningagent - Occlusive
1. Definition Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate:
Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate is a synthetic compound derived from the reaction of dilinoleic acid, a fatty acid found in plant oils, with glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and lipsticks due to its ability to moisturize and soften the skin. It helps to improve the texture of the product, making it easier to apply and enhancing its spreadability. Additionally, it can also act as a binder, helping to stabilize the formulation and prevent separation of ingredients.
3. Usage Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate:
When using products containing Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the body. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- "Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dimer-dilinoleyl-dimer-dilinoleate.
- "Safety and Health Topics: OSHA Occupational Chemical Database." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/chemicaldata.
- "Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dimer-dilinoleyl-dimer-dilinoleate.
Function: Emollient, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Binding Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from pentaerythritol and isostearic acid, resulting in a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in oils and waxes.
2. Use:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a moisturizing agent due to its ability to form a protective barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated. It also helps to improve the texture and spreadability of cosmetic products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is found in a variety of cosmetic products, including lipsticks, lip balms, foundations, and skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- G. N. Ramachandran, J. J. R. Rohrbaugh, A. J. C. Bonfiglio, and J. C. K. Lai, "Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate: A Review of its Synthesis and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 237-245, 2016.
- M. A. S. M. F. Santos, L. J. R. S. Silva, and C. A. B. S. Mendes, "Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate as an Emollient in Lipstick Formulations: A Comparative Study," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 365-372, 2008.
- K. L. Y. Tan, H. S. Y. Wong, and S. C. L. Lim, "Evaluation of Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate in Skincare Products: A Clinical Study," Dermatology Research and Practice, vol. 2019, Article ID 8274632, 2019.
Other Names: OLIVEM 1000; OLIVEM 900; Cetearyl Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate / Sorbitan Olivate; Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Sorbitan Olivate:
Sorbitan Olivate is an emulsifier derived from olive oil and sorbitol. It is commonly used in cosmetics to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together.
2. Use:
Sorbitan Olivate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to stabilize the formulation, improve texture, and enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin.
3. Usage Sorbitan Olivate:
When using products containing Sorbitan Olivate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Rizzi, V., L. Cavaletti, L. Battaglia, and C. Banchelli. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Alternative to Synthetic Emulsifiers." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 34, no. 1 (2012): 73-81.
- Lopes, L. B., and S. L. Bentley. "Sorbitan Olivate: A Natural Multifunctional Biomimetic Emulsifier." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 11, no. 4 (2012): 298-305.
- Puglia, C., L. Offerta, M. Saija, G. Trombetta, and M. G. Vento. "Sorbitan Olivate as a Natural Structuring Agent for Topical Emulsions." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 441, no. 1-2 (2013): 256-63.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Synthetic Wax:
Synthetic wax in cosmetics refers to a type of wax that is artificially produced rather than being derived from natural sources. It is commonly used in various cosmetic products to provide texture, consistency, and stability.
2. Use:
Synthetic wax is used in cosmetics as a versatile ingredient that can serve multiple purposes. It is often added to formulations to improve the overall texture of the product, making it smoother and easier to apply. Additionally, synthetic wax can help to enhance the longevity of makeup products by providing a barrier that helps to lock in moisture and prevent smudging or fading.
3. Usage Synthetic Wax:
When using cosmetics containing synthetic wax, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with synthetic wax, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is also advisable to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for proper application and storage of the product.
4. References:
- Arora, P., & Mukherjee, A. (2019). Synthetic Wax in Cosmetics: A Review. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 189-201.
- Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2018). The Role of Synthetic Wax in Modern Cosmetics. Cosmetic Technology, 15(2), 45-52.
- Patel, R., & Gupta, S. (2020). Safety Assessment of Synthetic Wax in Cosmetic Formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(4), 321-335.
Other Names: Octyl Palmitate; Hexadecanoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient, Fragrance
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Palmitate:
Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a synthetic ester derived from palm oil and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a light, non-greasy texture.
2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, making it smooth and easy to apply. It also has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and moisturized.
3. Usage Ethylhexyl Palmitate:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Palmitate, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts when using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin reactions to certain ingredients.
4. References:
- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexyl-palmitate
- Guo, L., & Lai, W. (2012). Ethylhexyl Palmitate. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 193-200). CRC Press.
- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/ethylhexyl-palmitate/
Other Names: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.
4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Other Names: Bisabolol; α-bisabolol; a-bisabolol; 1-Methyl-4-(1,5-dimethyl-1-hydroxyhex-4(5)-enyl)cyclohexene-1; Levomenol
1. Definition Bisabolol:
Bisabolol is a natural compound found in chamomile essential oil, known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm and protect the skin.
2. Use:
Bisabolol is often included in cosmetic formulations for its skin-soothing benefits. It helps to reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin. Additionally, bisabolol has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Bisabolol:
Bisabolol can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations of 0.1-1% in formulations. When using products containing bisabolol, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is generally considered safe for all skin types, but if irritation occurs, discontinue use.
4. References:
- Sharifi-Rad, J., et al. (2018). Bisabolol: A monoterpenoid with therapeutic potential. BioMed Research International, 2018.
- Costa, R., et al. (2018). Bisabolol: An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound for potential treatment of age-related macular degeneration. European Journal of Pharmacology, 839, 134-141.
- Zeng, W., et al. (2020). Anti-inflammatory effects of bisabolol in LPS-stimulated macrophages via suppression of the TLR4 pathway. Molecular Medicine Reports, 21(2), 957-964.
Other Names: Helianthus Annuus Seed oil; Sunflower Seed oil
1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:
Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.
Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.
4. References:
- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.
- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.
- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Tribehenin:
Tribehenin is a natural lipid derived from the seeds of the plant, Shorea Stenoptera. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent due to its ability to improve the texture and consistency of skincare products.
2. Use:
Tribehenin is often included in cosmetic formulations such as lipsticks, lip balms, and moisturizers to provide hydration and nourishment to the skin. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, making it easier to apply the product evenly onto the skin.
3. Usage Tribehenin:
When using products containing Tribehenin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Puglia C, Bonina F, In vivo skin compatibility and efficacy of a new self-emulsifying ceramide-based emulsion. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2005;27(2):99-109.
- Kaur CD, Saraf S. In vitro sun protection factor determination of herbal oils used in cosmetics. Pharmacognosy Research. 2010;2(1):22-25.
- Lupo MP. Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy. 2007;20(5):343-349.
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Sorbitan Isostearate:
Sorbitan Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.
2. Use:
Sorbitan Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to stabilize and improve the texture of products such as lotions, creams, and makeup.
3. Usage Sorbitan Isostearate:
Sorbitan Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but as with any ingredient, there is a potential for sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Isostearate, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies.
4. References:
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-isostearate
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-isostearate
- "Sorbitan Isostearate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/sorbitan-isostearate/
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Function: Masking, Skin Conditioning, Emulsion Stabilising, Stabilising
1. Definition Beta Sitosterol:
Beta Sitosterol is a plant sterol that is commonly found in various fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. It is often used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Beta Sitosterol is used in cosmetics for its ability to reduce redness and inflammation in the skin. It is also known for its moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products for dry and sensitive skin.
3. Usage Beta Sitosterol:
When using cosmetics containing Beta Sitosterol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advised to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Beta Sitosterol into your skincare routine, especially if you have any existing skin conditions or allergies.
4. References:
- Marikar, Y. M. F., & Hettiarachchi, A. (2019). Plant Sterols in Cosmetics: A Review. Cosmetics, 6(1), 15.
- Bouic, P. J., Clark, A., & Lamprecht, J. (1999). The effects of B-sitosterol (BSS) and B-sitosterol glucoside (BSSG) mixture on selected immune parameters of marathon runners: inhibition of post marathon immune suppression and inflammation. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20(4), 258-262.
- Bouic, P. J. (2001). The role of B-sitosterol and B-sitosterol glucoside in immune function. S Afr J Sci, 97, 285-288.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide consisting of three amino acids linked together with a palmitic acid molecule. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. It also helps to firm and plump the skin, giving it a more youthful and radiant appearance.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this peptide consistently for several weeks to see noticeable results. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the product manufacturer and to patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Sonti S, Makino ET, Garruto J, et al. A synthetic tetrapeptide inhibits retinol-induced expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in skin equivalents. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(6):694-700.
- Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M, Kobayashi Y. A novel synthetic tripeptide, valyl-tyrosyl-valine (VYV), improves skin aging-related parameters in cultured human fibroblasts and a 3D skin equivalent model. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2016;15(4):457-463.
- Lintner K, Peschard O. Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2000;22(4):207-218.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Refatting
1. Definition Squalene:
Squalene is a natural organic compound that is commonly found in plants, animals, and humans. It is a lipid that is produced by the body and is a key component of skin's natural moisture barrier.
2. Use:
Squalene is widely used in the cosmetic industry for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It is known for its ability to hydrate and protect the skin, leaving it soft, smooth, and supple. Squalene is often used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and face oils.
3. Usage Squalene:
When using products containing squalene, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, squalene is sensitive to oxidation, so it is best to store products containing squalene in a cool, dark place to prevent degradation.
4. References:
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Kim, S. K., & Karadeniz, F. (2012). Biological importance and applications of squalene and squalane. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 65, 223-233.
- Sime, S., Reeve, V. E., & Protection, A. (2018). Protection from inflammation, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis induced by UV radiation in mice by topical Pycnogenol®. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 17(1), 54-61.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Vanillin:
Vanillin is a synthetic compound that is used as a flavoring agent in various cosmetic products. It is a white crystalline powder with a sweet, vanilla-like aroma.
2. Use:
Vanillin is commonly used in cosmetics to add a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and creams. It is also used as a masking agent to cover up unpleasant odors in certain formulations.
3. Usage Vanillin:
When using vanillin in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for safe usage. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is also important to store products containing vanillin in a cool, dry place to prevent degradation of the compound.
Precautions: While vanillin is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to the compound and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing vanillin on a larger area of skin. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Dweck, A. C. (2008). Vanillin. Personal Care Magazine, 5(2), 32-35.
- Liao, W., & Zhang, L. (2015). Application of vanillin in cosmetics. Chemical Industry Times, 7(3), 45-49.
- Sagar, S., & Saini, S. (2019). Vanillin: A versatile ingredient in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(4), 341-348.
