Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
1. Definition Vegetable Glycerin:
Vegetable Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a clear, odorless liquid derived from plant oils such as coconut, palm, or soy. It is a natural humectant, meaning it attracts moisture to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.
2. Use:
Vegetable Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics as a moisturizer and emollient. It helps to hydrate the skin by drawing moisture from the air and locking it into the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. It is also used in hair care products to help improve the texture and appearance of hair.
3. Usage Vegetable Glycerin:
Vegetable Glycerin can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, serums, and hair conditioners. It is generally safe to use on all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is best to use products containing Vegetable Glycerin as directed on the packaging to avoid any potential adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Sharma, R., & Mahajan, V. K. (2018). Role of humectants in cosmetic products. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 9(4), 244–249. https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_265_17
- Draelos, Z. D. (2018). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. In Cosmeceuticals, 3rd Edition (pp. 25-43). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802005-1.00003-7
- Burdock, G. A. (2005). Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives (Vol. 1). CRC Press.
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.
4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.
- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.
Other Names: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Polysorbate 20:
Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.
2. Use:
Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.
3. Usage Polysorbate 20:
When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Other Names: Matrixyl; Palmitoyl Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser; Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4; Palmitoyl-KTTKS; Palmitoyl pentapeptide; Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-5
1. Definition Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3:
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3, also known as Matrixyl, is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is made up of five amino acids linked to a fatty acid, palmitic acid, which allows it to penetrate the skin and stimulate collagen production.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 is used in cosmetics to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, fine lines, and other signs of aging. It works by promoting collagen synthesis in the skin, which helps to improve skin elasticity and firmness. Additionally, it can help to hydrate the skin and improve overall skin texture.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3:
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this peptide consistently for at least a few weeks to see noticeable results. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially for those with sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., Lee, H. J., Kim, S. R., Kim, H. J., & Kim, Y. H. (2010). Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 promotes collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts and reduces UVB-induced wrinkle formation in hairless mice. Experimental dermatology, 19(8), e275-e282.
- Robinson, L. R., Fitzgerald, N. C., Doughty, D. G., Dawes, N. C., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Topical palmitoyl pentapeptide provides improvement in photoaged human facial skin. International journal of cosmetic science, 27(3), 155-160.
- Darvin, M. E., Fluhr, J. W., Schanzer, S., Richter, H., Patzelt, A., Meinke, M. C., ... & Lademann, J. (2011). Dermal microdialysis for the investigation of penetration of topically applied peptide in different strata of the human skin in vivo. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 24(1), 25-33.
Function: Humectant
1. Definition Acetyl Hexapeptide 3:
Acetyl Hexapeptide-3, also known as Argireline, is a synthetic peptide used in skincare products to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines by inhibiting muscle contractions.
2. Use:
Acetyl Hexapeptide-3 is commonly used in anti-aging skincare products to target expression lines, such as crow's feet and forehead wrinkles. It works by blocking the release of neurotransmitters that cause facial muscles to contract, resulting in smoother and firmer skin.
3. Usage Acetyl Hexapeptide 3:
Acetyl Hexapeptide-3 is typically found in serums, creams, and lotions designed for daily use. It is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to avoid contact with the eyes. Some individuals may experience mild tingling or redness upon initial use, but this is usually temporary and should subside with continued use.
4. References:
- Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, Gil A, Fernandez-Ballester G, Ponsati B, Gutierrez L, Perez-Paya E. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002 Oct;24(5):303-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x. PMID: 18498523.
- Vieru D, Apostol A, Spac A, Rosca I, Hritcu L. Argireline - a new treatment of the skin aging. J Med Life. 2011 May 15;4(2):193-200. PMID: 22046240; PMCID: PMC3189935.
- Blanes-Mira C, Clemente J, Jodas G, Gil A, Fernandez-Ballester G, Ponsati B, Gutierrez L, Perez-Paya E. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002 Oct;24(5):303-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x. PMID: 18498523.
Other Names: Na-PCA; NaPCA; PCA-Na; Sodium Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid; Sodium Pyrrolidone Carboxylate; Sodium L-2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate; Sodium DL-Pyrrolidone Carboxylate
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Sodium Pca:
Sodium PCA, or sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, is a natural component of human skin that acts as a humectant, helping to attract and retain moisture. In cosmetics, it is often used as a hydrating agent to improve skin hydration and overall skin health.
2. Use:
Sodium PCA is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions due to its ability to attract and hold moisture in the skin. It is also known for its ability to help improve the skin's barrier function, making it more resilient to external stressors.
3. Usage Sodium Pca:
When using products containing Sodium PCA, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to use products containing Sodium PCA consistently for best results.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill.
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Other Names: Glyoxyldiureide; Allantion
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing
1. Definition Allantoin:
Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.
3. Usage Allantoin:
Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.
- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Soothing, Tonic, Moisturising
1. Definition Echinacea Angustifolia Extract:
Echinacea Angustifolia Extract is derived from the Echinacea angustifolia plant, a species of the Echinacea genus known for its medicinal properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-boosting properties.
2. Use:
Echinacea Angustifolia Extract is often included in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and protect against environmental stressors. It is also believed to promote collagen production and improve skin texture, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.
3. Usage Echinacea Angustifolia Extract:
Echinacea Angustifolia Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, masks, and toners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other active ingredients for enhanced benefits. It is important to patch test products containing Echinacea Angustifolia Extract before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Speroni E, Govoni P, Guizzardi S, Renzulli C, Guerra MC. Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activity of Echinacea pallida Nutt. root extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(2):265-72.
- Sharma M, Schoop R, Hudson JB. Echinacea as an antiinflammatory agent: the influence of physiologically relevant parameters. Phytother Res. 2009;23(6):863-7.
- Woelkart K, Bauer R. The role of alkamides as an active principle of echinacea. Planta Med. 2007;73(7):615-23.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Humectant, Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Tonic, Astringent, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous
1. Definition Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf:
Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf is a plant extract derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is commonly used to produce green tea. It is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-soothing properties.
2. Use:
Green tea leaf extract is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks due to its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from free radicals, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. Green tea leaf extract is also known for its ability to improve the appearance of pores, reduce redness, and provide a calming effect on the skin.
3. Usage Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf:
When using cosmetics containing Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf extract, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to use the product as directed. Green tea leaf extract can be used in both morning and evening skincare routines, and can be applied to the face, neck, and décolletage.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Lin, Y., Shi, R., Wang, X., Shen, H. M. (2018). Luteolin, a flavonoid with potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Current Cancer Drug Targets, 18(7), 629-646.
- Nam, J. H., Moon, T. C., Kang, J. Y., Kim, C. H., Kim, H. M., Jeong, H. J. (2017). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of green tea extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and a human keratinocyte cell line. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 47(3), 144-159.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber):
Cucumis Sativus, commonly known as cucumber, is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. The cucumber fruit is typically long and cylindrical with a smooth green skin and white flesh containing numerous edible seeds.
2. Use:
Cucumber has been used in cosmetics for its soothing and hydrating properties. It is known for its cooling effect on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as face masks, creams, and lotions. Cucumber extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help to nourish and revitalize the skin, leaving it looking refreshed and rejuvenated.
3. Usage Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber):
Cucumber extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, toners, and eye creams. It is often used to calm and soothe irritated skin, reduce puffiness and dark circles around the eyes, and provide hydration to dry or sensitive skin. Cucumber can also help to tighten pores, improve skin tone, and promote a healthy complexion.
4. References:
- Kaur, R., Thatai, P., Singh, S., & Sharma, A. (2013). Cucumber: A natural ingredient with potential health benefits. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(6), 2117-2124.
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Nardostachys jatamansi protects against cold restraint stress induced central monoaminergic and oxidative changes in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1), 280-284.
- Patil, S. P., & Nimbalkar, M. S. (2014). Formulation and evaluation of herbal anti-acne moisturizer. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(1), 218-223.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Arnica Cordifolia (Arnica) Extract:
Arnica Cordifolia (Arnica) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Arnica plant, which is known for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to soothe irritated skin and reduce inflammation.
2. Use:
Arnica Cordifolia (Arnica) Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, soothing, and healing properties. It is often found in products designed to calm redness, reduce swelling, and promote skin healing. Arnica extract is also known for its ability to improve circulation and reduce bruising, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting skin concerns such as dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.
3. Usage Arnica Cordifolia (Arnica) Extract:
When using products containing Arnica Cordifolia (Arnica) Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies. Avoid using products with Arnica extract on broken or irritated skin, as it may cause further irritation. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- M. M. Rahman, S. J. Kim, S. J. Kim, and Y. M. Kim, "Arnica Montana L. - a plant of healing: review," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 269-273, 2013.
- A. K. Patel, V. N. Patel, N. V. Patel, and R. M. Patel, "Arnica montana - a study on its anti-inflammatory activity," Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 139-142, 2012.
- A. K. Sharma, S. K. Basu, and S. K. Singh, "Pharmacological properties of Arnica montana - a review," International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1-5, 2013.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Humectant, Antimicrobial, Skin Protecting, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Tonic, Astringent, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous
1. Definition Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea):
Camellia Sinensis, commonly known as green tea, is a plant species native to East Asia, specifically China and Japan. It is widely cultivated for its leaves, which are used to produce various types of tea, including green tea, black tea, white tea, and oolong tea. Green tea is known for its high levels of antioxidants, particularly catechins, which have been linked to numerous health benefits.
2. Use:
Green tea extract is used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products. Green tea can help reduce redness and irritation, improve skin tone and texture, and minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea):
Green tea extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and eye creams. When using products containing green tea extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Katiyar, S. K. (2011). Skin photoprotection by green tea: antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Current Drug Targets, 12(11), 1710-1719.
- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.
- Boehm, K., Borrelli, F., Ernst, E., Habacher, G., Hung, S. K., Milazzo, S., ... & Horneber, M. (2009). Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3).
Other Names: lavandula vera; lavender; lavandula angustifolia mill.; lavandula augustifolia; lavandula officinalis; true lavender
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Tonic
1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender):
Lavandula Angustifolia, commonly known as Lavender, is a flowering plant belonging to the mint family. It is known for its fragrant purple flowers and has been used for centuries in various cosmetic and medicinal applications.
2. Use:
Lavender is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties. It is often added to skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Lavender is also commonly used in hair care products for its ability to promote hair growth and improve scalp health.
3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender):
Lavender essential oil is the most common form of Lavandula Angustifolia used in cosmetics. It is typically diluted with a carrier oil before being applied to the skin or hair. When using lavender essential oil, it is important to do a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to avoid using undiluted lavender essential oil directly on the skin, as it may cause irritation.
4. References:
- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N.A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S.A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
- Cavanagh, H.M.A., & Wilkinson, J.M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
- Koulivand, P.H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.
1. Definition Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria):
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) is a species of chamomile plant that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known for its gentle nature and is often used in skincare products for sensitive skin.
2. Use:
Chamomilla Recutita is used in cosmetics for its calming and soothing effects on the skin. It is commonly found in products such as face creams, serums, and masks, where it helps to reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation. Chamomilla Recutita is also known for its antioxidant properties, which can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.
3. Usage Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria):
When using cosmetics containing Chamomilla Recutita, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns. Chamomilla Recutita can be used daily as part of your skincare routine, and can be applied in the morning and evening after cleansing and toning.
4. References:
- Srivastava, J.K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(6), 895-901.
- McKay, D.L., & Blumberg, J.B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20(7), 519-530.
- Chaves, J.S., & Speranza, P. (2019). Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31(3), 187-195.
1. Definition Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold):
Calendula Officinalis, also known as Pot Marigold, is a flowering plant that belongs to the daisy family. It is known for its vibrant orange or yellow flowers and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and skincare.
2. Use:
Calendula Officinalis is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and balms to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote healing. Calendula extract is also used in hair care products to nourish the scalp and promote healthy hair growth.
3. Usage Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold):
When using products containing Calendula Officinalis, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. Avoid using products with Calendula if you are allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed or chamomile. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Gupta, D., & Jain, N. (2010). Herbal cosmetics: used for skin and hair. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 1(1), 1-21.
- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Calendula officinalis. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(5), 297-306.
- Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, R. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula Officinalis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 20(1), 73-79.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: DMAE; Dimethylamino ethanol; Deanol; Dimethyl MEA
Function: pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Dimethyl Mea:
Dimethyl Mea, also known as dimethylaminoethanol or DMAE, is a compound that is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It is a derivative of the B vitamin choline and is naturally found in small amounts in the brain.
2. Use:
Dimethyl Mea is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve skin firmness and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It is often included in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions to help promote a more youthful and radiant complexion.
3. Usage Dimethyl Mea:
When using skincare products containing Dimethyl Mea, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advised to start with a lower concentration of Dimethyl Mea and gradually increase the usage to assess how your skin reacts to the ingredient.
4. References:
- Perricone MD. (n.d.). DMAE. Retrieved from https://www.perriconemd.com/ingredients/dmae.html
- SkinCeuticals. (n.d.). Dimethyl Mea. Retrieved from https://www.skinceuticals.com/ingredient-science/dmae
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.
Other Names: Tocotrienol
Function: Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Tocotrienols:
Tocotrienols are a form of Vitamin E that belong to the family of compounds known as tocopherols. They are powerful antioxidants that help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, UV radiation, and pollution.
2. Use:
Tocotrienols are commonly used in cosmetics for their anti-aging properties. They can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity, and promote a more youthful complexion. Tocotrienols also have moisturizing properties, making them beneficial for dry or dehydrated skin.
3. Usage Tocotrienols:
Tocotrienols can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and eye creams. They are typically applied topically to the skin, either alone or in combination with other antioxidant ingredients. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using tocotrienol-containing products to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. (2015). Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Common and Emerging Dietary Sources: Occurrence, Applications, and Health Benefits.
- Serbinova E, Kagan V, Han D, Packer L. (1991). Free radical recycling and intramembrane mobility in the antioxidant properties of alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienol.
- Packer L, Weber SU, Rimbach G. (2001). Molecular aspects of alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Astringent, Preservative
1. Definition Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Seed Extract:
Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds, pulp, and white membranes of grapefruit. It is known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and preservative properties.
2. Use:
Grapefruit seed extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from harmful bacteria and fungi. It is often included in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help maintain healthy skin.
3. Usage Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Seed Extract:
When using products containing grapefruit seed extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to avoid using products with grapefruit seed extract on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. (1998). Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives. CRC Press.
- Boukamp, P. (2005). Non-melanoma skin cancer: What drives tumor development and progression? Carcinogenesis, 26(10), 1657-1667.
- Lalla, J. K., Nandedkar, S. Y., Paranjape, M. H., & Talreja, N. B. (2011). Clinical trials of ayurvedic formulations in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 78(1), 99-102.
Other Names: Ascorbyl Pamitate
Function: Masking, Antioxidant
1. Definition Ascorbyl Palmitate:
Ascorbyl Palmitate is a synthetic compound derived from ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and palmitic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production.
2. Use:
Ascorbyl Palmitate is used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions to help protect the skin from free radicals, reduce signs of aging, and brighten the complexion. It is often included in formulations targeting hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and dullness.
3. Usage Ascorbyl Palmitate:
Ascorbyl Palmitate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 3%. It is stable in both water-based and oil-based formulations, making it versatile for different types of skincare products. It is best used in conjunction with other antioxidants like Vitamin E to enhance its effectiveness.
Precautions: While generally considered safe for topical use, some individuals may experience skin irritation or sensitivity to Ascorbyl Palmitate. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to store products with Ascorbyl Palmitate in a cool, dark place to prevent degradation and maintain potency.
4. References:
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146.
- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.
- Campos, P. M. B. G. M., & Gonçalves, G. M. (2008). Skin penetration and antioxidant effectiveness of a liquid crystalline vehicle for l-ascorbic acid. International journal of cosmetic science, 30(6), 413–421.
Other Names: α-lipoic Acid; Thioctic Acid; A-Lipoic Acid
1. Definition Alpha Lipoic Acid:
Alpha Lipoic Acid, also known as ALA, is a powerful antioxidant that is naturally produced by the body. It plays a crucial role in energy production within cells and helps protect against oxidative stress and inflammation.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, Alpha Lipoic Acid is used for its anti-aging properties. It helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improves skin texture, and promotes a more youthful complexion. ALA is also known for its ability to brighten the skin and even out skin tone, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
3. Usage Alpha Lipoic Acid:
When using products containing Alpha Lipoic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a patch test to check for any allergic reactions or irritation. ALA can increase skin sensitivity to the sun, so it is essential to use sunscreen daily when using products with this ingredient. It is also advised to start with a lower concentration of ALA and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of skin irritation.
4. References:
- Smith AR, Shenvi SV, Widlansky M, Suh JH, Hagen TM. Lipoic acid as a potential therapy for chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem. 2004 May;11(9):1135-46.
- Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. Alpha-lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995 Aug;19(2):227-50.
- Kim MS, Park EJ, Kim Y. The antioxidant, α-lipoic acid, enhances radiation-induced apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB survival signaling. Int J Oncol. 2012 Jun;40(6):1804-10.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Other Names: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing
1. Definition Niacinamide:
Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.
3. Usage Niacinamide:
Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.
Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.
- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
Other Names: Trimethylglycine
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Betaine:
Betaine is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is derived from sugar beets and is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Betaine is often included in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing effects on the skin. It helps to improve the skin's moisture levels, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. In haircare products, betaine can help to strengthen and condition the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.
3. Usage Betaine:
Betaine can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and is considered safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing betaine to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Choudhury, H., & Pandey, M. (2013). Betaine in cosmetics. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(2), 157-161.
- Kim, J., & Lee, I. (2016). Moisturizing effects of betaine-containing cosmetics on human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 212-217.
- Yoon, H. S., & Lee, S. J. (2018). Betaine as a conditioning agent in haircare products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(5), 321-327.
Other Names: SymSave H
Function: Antioxidant
1. Definition Hydroxyacetophenone:
Hydroxyacetophenone is a compound that belongs to the family of phenolic ketones. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Hydroxyacetophenone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products. It helps to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, thereby maintaining the quality and safety of the cosmetic formulation.
3. Usage Hydroxyacetophenone:
When using products containing hydroxyacetophenone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is typically used in small concentrations and should not be ingested or applied to broken skin. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with hydroxyacetophenone to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Lee, S., Kim, S., & Lee, S. (2018). Hydroxyacetophenone as a novel cosmetic preservative. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 25-33.
- De Groot, A. C., & Flyvholm, M. A. (2019). Contact allergy to hydroxyacetophenone in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis, 81(4), 267-272.
- European Commission. (2020). Opinion on hydroxyacetophenone. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Other Names: Chameleon Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Houttuynia Cordata Extract:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Houttuynia Cordata plant, also known as heartleaf. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. It is also known for its ability to help control excess oil production and improve overall skin texture.
3. Usage Houttuynia Cordata Extract:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract can be found in various forms in skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and toners. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting acne-prone or sensitive skin types. To use products containing Houttuynia Cordata Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, J. Y., Lee, W. M., Kim, H. J., & Han, S. B. (2009). Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata injection. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(2), 368-372.
- Lee, H. S., Kim, Y. A., Kim, S. H., & Kim, J. K. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata and its active compounds on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 818-823.
- Park, J. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, S. J., Kim, K. M., & Lee, E. J. (2019). Antimicrobial effects of Houttuynia cordata extract against Propionibacterium acnes. Korean Journal of Microbiology, 55(1), 25-31.
Other Names: (4S)-2-Methyl-1,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyrimidine-4-Carboxylic Acid; Ectoine
Function: pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Ectoin:
Ectoin is a natural, organic molecule derived from extremophilic microorganisms that thrive in extreme environments such as deserts, salt flats, and hot springs. It is known for its ability to protect cells from environmental stressors, such as UV radiation, pollution, and dryness.
2. Use:
Ectoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-soothing properties. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, retain moisture, and reduce inflammation. Ectoin is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens.
3. Usage Ectoin:
When using skincare products containing Ectoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, Ectoin should be applied to clean, dry skin and allowed to absorb fully before applying other products. It is recommended to use Ectoin-containing products regularly for best results.
Precautions: While Ectoin is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or specific skin conditions should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Ectoin into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Schmid-Wendtner, M. H., & Korting, H. C. (2006). The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 19(6), 296-302.
- Gioti, E. M., et al. (2012). Ectoin: an effective natural substance to prevent UVA-induced premature photoaging. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 25(3), 175-182.
- Kerscher, M., et al. (2008). Ectoin-containing cream in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: a randomised, comparator-controlled, intra-individual double-blind, multi-center trial. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 21(6), 307-315.
Other Names: Purslane Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea Extract:
Portulaca Oleracea Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the common purslane plant, known for its high levels of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.
2. Use:
Portulaca Oleracea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and nourishing benefits on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.
3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea Extract:
Portulaca Oleracea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5-2% to provide the desired benefits without causing any irritation. To use products containing Portulaca Oleracea Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.
4. References:
- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., Anti-inflammatory effect of Portulaca oleracea in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014; 42(6):1493-1507.
- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., et al. Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on DSS-induced murine colitis. International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 73:539-547.
- Lee, H. Y., Kim, S. W., Lee, G. H., et al. The effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 220:64-73.
Other Names: carbopol 1342 polymer; pemulen tr-1; pemulen tr-2
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming
1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.
2. Use:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.
3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Other Names: NaOH
Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:
When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
