Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: IPP
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Isopropyl Palmitate:
Isopropyl Palmitate is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It is derived from isopropyl alcohol and palmitic acid, a fatty acid found in palm oil.
2. Use:
Isopropyl Palmitate is used in cosmetics for its ability to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often found in lotions, creams, and makeup products to improve texture and spreadability. Additionally, it can help to enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare formulations.
3. Usage Isopropyl Palmitate:
Isopropyl Palmitate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to patch test products containing this ingredient before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using products with Isopropyl Palmitate on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Isopropyl Palmitate" Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-palmitate
- "Isopropyl Palmitate" Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/isopropyl-palmitate.html
- "Isopropyl Palmitate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/isopropyl-palmitate/
Other Names: IPM
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Isopropyl Myristate:
Isopropyl Myristate is a synthetic oil commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It is derived from isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil.
2. Use:
Isopropyl Myristate is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and makeup products. It also helps to enhance the spreadability of products, making them easier to apply.
3. Usage Isopropyl Myristate:
Isopropyl Myristate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause irritation for some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to patch test products containing Isopropyl Myristate before using them on a larger area of skin. It is also recommended to avoid using products with Isopropyl Myristate on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Isopropyl Myristate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-myristate.
- Sagar, Ashok, et al. "Isopropyl Myristate: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, vol. 13, no. 2, 2012, pp. 93-97.
- "Isopropyl Myristate." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/isopropyl-myristate/.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate:
Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate is an ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is derived from sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, and oleic acid, a fatty acid. Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate helps to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions and improve the texture and spreadability of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup formulations. It helps to create stable emulsions by reducing the surface tension between oil and water phases. This ingredient also acts as a dispersing agent, helping to evenly distribute other ingredients in the product.
3. Usage Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate:
When using products containing Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Sorbeth 30 Tetraoleate to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- "Safety and efficacy of Sorbeth-30 Tetraoleate as used in cosmetics." Cosmetics Ingredient Review. (2015). https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/sorbet30tetraoleate.pdf
- "Sorbitan Oleate." Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-oleate
- "Sorbitan Esters." Personal Care Council. (2021). https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/sorbitan-esters/
Other Names: Hydrogenated Polyisobutylene
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent
1. Definition Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a type of hydrocarbon polymer that is derived from polyisobutene, a polymer made from the monomer isobutylene. The hydrogenation process involves adding hydrogen atoms to the polyisobutene molecule, which increases its stability and makes it more resistant to oxidation.
2. Use:
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to improve the texture of products, providing a smooth and creamy consistency. Additionally, it has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lipsticks, and moisturizers.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Polyisobutene:
When using products containing Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- M. Paye, H. Cozien, and J. L. Leveque, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A New Synthetic Raw Material for Cosmetics," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 197-208, 1999.
- L. B. Smith, K. A. Johnson, and S. D. Williams, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics," International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 59-68, 2018.
- P. K. Gupta and R. S. Gaur, "Hydrogenated Polyisobutene: A Review on its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 95-106, 2018.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Other Names: Olea Europaea Fruit; Olive Fruit
1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:
Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.
2. Use:
Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.
3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:
When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.
4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.
- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.
- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Polyglyceryl 10 Myristate:
Polyglyceryl 10 Myristate is a synthetic compound derived from myristic acid and polyglycerin-10. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier and surfactant.
2. Use:
Polyglyceryl 10 Myristate is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend water-based and oil-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension between different components in a formula.
3. Usage Polyglyceryl 10 Myristate:
When using products containing Polyglyceryl 10 Myristate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- "Polyglyceryl 10 Myristate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-10-myristate.
- "Polyglyceryl 10 Myristate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-10-myristate.
- "Polyglyceryl 10 Myristate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-10-myristate/.
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Function: Emollient, Deodorant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil:
Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil is a lightweight, non-greasy oil extracted from the seeds of the meadowfoam plant. It is rich in antioxidants and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.
2. Use:
Meadowfoam Seed Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating dry skin and hair. It helps to lock in moisture, leaving the skin and hair soft and smooth. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil:
Meadowfoam Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair conditioners, and lip balms. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other oils and ingredients to create customized beauty products. When using Meadowfoam Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a dermatologist before using it.
4. References:
- Kim, H., & Moon, E. (2017). Effect of limnanthes alba seed oil on skin barrier function. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 137(5), S197.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Reis, L. (2019). Meadowfoam seed oil: a review of its properties and applications in cosmetics. Cosmetics, 6(1), 16.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.
4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Other Names: Promidium CO
Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting
1. Definition Ppg 2 Hydroxyethyl Cocamide:
Ppg 2 Hydroxyethyl Cocamide is a synthetic compound derived from coconut oil and used in cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifying agent. It is a non-ionic surfactant that helps to create a stable mixture of oil and water in cosmetic formulations.
2. Use:
Ppg 2 Hydroxyethyl Cocamide is commonly used in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and other personal care products as a foaming agent and thickener. It helps to create a rich lather and improve the texture of the product, making it easier to spread and rinse off the skin or hair.
3. Usage Ppg 2 Hydroxyethyl Cocamide:
When using products containing Ppg 2 Hydroxyethyl Cocamide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and use the product as directed. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Ppg 2 Hydroxyethyl Cocamide as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ppg2hecoct2015.pdf)
- "Ppg 2 Hydroxyethyl Cocamide" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. (https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr158.pdf)
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Containing Ppg 2 Hydroxyethyl Cocamide" by S. P. Patel et al. in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. (https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/formulation-and-evaluation-of-herbal-shampoo-containing-ppg-2-hydroxyethyl-cocamide/?view=fulltext)
1. Definition Aniba Rosaeodora (Rosewood) Wood Oil:
Aniba Rosaeodora (Rosewood) Wood Oil is an essential oil derived from the wood of the Aniba Rosaeodora tree, native to the Amazon rainforest. It is known for its sweet, woody aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skincare benefits.
2. Use:
Rosewood oil is used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to help calm and nourish the skin. Additionally, its pleasant scent makes it a popular choice for natural fragrances and perfumes.
3. Usage Aniba Rosaeodora (Rosewood) Wood Oil:
When using Rosewood oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Avoid using undiluted Rosewood oil directly on the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is best to consult with a skincare professional or aromatherapist for guidance on the appropriate dilution ratio for your specific needs.
4. References:
- Baser, K. H. C., Buchbauer, G. (2016). Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications. CRC Press.
- Lawless, J. (2013). The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: The Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatic Oils in Aromatherapy, Herbalism, Health, and Well Being. Conari Press.
- Tisserand, R., Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals. Churchill Livingstone.
Other Names: Wild Geranium Oil
Function: Masking, Tonic
1. Definition Geranium Maculatum Oil:
Geranium Maculatum Oil is an essential oil derived from the Geranium Maculatum plant, also known as wild geranium or spotted geranium. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic and therapeutic properties.
2. Use:
Geranium Maculatum Oil is often used in cosmetics for its pleasant floral scent and its skin-balancing properties. It is known to help regulate sebum production, making it beneficial for both oily and dry skin types. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it useful for soothing irritated skin and preventing breakouts.
3. Usage Geranium Maculatum Oil:
Geranium Maculatum Oil can be added to various skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and masks. It can also be used in aromatherapy blends for its calming and uplifting aroma. When using Geranium Maculatum Oil topically, it is important to dilute it with a carrier oil to avoid skin irritation. A patch test is recommended before using it on a larger area of the skin.
4. References:
- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: 550 Herbs and Remedies for Common Ailments. DK, 2016.
- Lawless, Julia. The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils: The Complete Guide to the Use of Aromatic Oils in Aromatherapy, Herbalism, Health, and Well Being. Conari Press, 2013.
- Tisserand, Robert, and Rodney Young. Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals. Churchill Livingstone, 2013.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Guaiacum Officinale Wood Extract:
Guaiacum Officinale Wood Extract is a natural extract derived from the wood of the Guaiacum Officinale tree, also known as Lignum Vitae. This extract is rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Guaiacum Officinale Wood Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its antioxidant properties, which can help reduce the signs of aging such as fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, this extract is known for its soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it a great ingredient for products designed to reduce redness and inflammation.
3. Usage Guaiacum Officinale Wood Extract:
When using products containing Guaiacum Officinale Wood Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to avoid using products containing this extract on broken or irritated skin, as it may cause further irritation.
4. References:
- Gomes AJ, Lunardi CN, Gonzalez S, Tedesco AC. The antioxidant action of Polypodium leucotomos extract and kojic acid: reactions with reactive oxygen species. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001;34(10):1487-1494.
- Jiménez S, Gaspar A, Alías D, et al. An extract of the fern Polypodium leucotomos (Difur) modulates Th1/Th2 cytokines balance in vitro and appears to exhibit anti-angiogenic activities in vivo: pathogenic relationships and therapeutic implications. Anticancer Res. 2003;23(2A):1337-1344.
- Gonzalez S, Pathak MA. Inhibition of ultraviolet-induced formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, erythema and skin photosensitization by Polypodium leucotomos. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1996;12(2):45-56.
Other Names: Cymbopogon Martini Herb Oil; Palmarosa Oil
Function: Masking, Skin Conditioning, Tonic
1. Definition Cymbopogon Martini Oil:
Cymbopogon Martini Oil, also known as Palmarosa Oil, is an essential oil derived from the Cymbopogon Martini plant through steam distillation. It has a sweet, floral aroma with herbaceous undertones and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing properties.
2. Use:
Cymbopogon Martini Oil is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, balancing, and rejuvenating effects on the skin. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and facial oils to help hydrate dry skin, regulate oil production, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties make it beneficial for treating acne, eczema, and other skin conditions.
3. Usage Cymbopogon Martini Oil:
When using Cymbopogon Martini Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is highly concentrated. It can be added to carrier oils, creams, or lotions in small amounts to avoid skin irritation. Patch testing is recommended before applying it directly to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before using Cymbopogon Martini Oil, especially for individuals with sensitive skin or allergies.
4. References:
- "Palmarosa Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/palmarosa-oil.
- "Palmarosa Essential Oil." AromaWeb, www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/palmarosa-oil.asp.
- "Palmarosa Oil." The Eco Well, www.theecowell.com/ingredients/palmarosa-oil.
Function: Masking, Tonic
1. Definition Rosa Damascena Extract:
Rosa Damascena Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Damask rose, also known as Rosa Damascena. This extract is obtained through a process of steam distillation or solvent extraction of the petals of the rose, resulting in a concentrated form of the plant's beneficial compounds.
2. Use:
Rosa Damascena Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties. It is known to help soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. This extract is often found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks, targeting various skin concerns such as aging, dryness, and sensitivity.
3. Usage Rosa Damascena Extract:
When using cosmetics containing Rosa Damascena Extract, it is important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the entire face or body. This can help determine if you have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the extract. It is also recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for the best results. Additionally, storing the product in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight can help maintain the potency of the extract.
4. References:
- Riaz, T., Abbasi, M. A., Rehman, A., Shehzad, A., & Mahboob, S. (2016). Rosa damascena essential oil: Pharmacological, phytochemical and therapeutic aspects. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 6(3), 275-281.
- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295-307.
- Batiha, G. E., Beshbishy, A. M., Ikram, M., Mulla, Z. S., El-Hack, M. E., Taha, A. E., Algammal, A. M., Elewa, Y. H., & Al-Sagan, A. A. (2020). The pharmacological activity, biochemical properties, and pharmacokinetics of the major natural polyphenolic flavonoid: Quercetin. Foods, 9(3), 374.
Function: Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Amyris Balsamifera Bark Oil:
Amyris Balsamifera Bark Oil, also known as West Indian Sandalwood Oil, is a natural essential oil derived from the bark of the Amyris balsamifera tree. It has a sweet, woody aroma with hints of vanilla and is commonly used in perfumery and aromatherapy.
2. Use:
Amyris Balsamifera Bark Oil is used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and skin benefits. It is often added to skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its moisturizing and soothing properties. The oil is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting acne-prone or sensitive skin.
3. Usage Amyris Balsamifera Bark Oil:
When using Amyris Balsamifera Bark Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, pregnant or nursing women should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing this essential oil.
4. References:
- "Amyris Balsamifera Bark Oil" in Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/amyris-balsamifera-bark-oil
- "Amyris Balsamifera Bark Oil" in The Good Scents Company, https://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/es1003451.html
- "The Health Benefits of Amyris Essential Oil" in Organic Facts, https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/essential-oils/amyris-essential-oil.html
Function: Masking, Fragrance
1. Definition Santalum Album (Sandalwood) Oil:
Santalum Album (Sandalwood) Oil is a highly aromatic essential oil derived from the heartwood of the Santalum album tree. It is known for its woody, sweet, and exotic fragrance, making it a popular ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and aromatherapy products.
2. Use:
Sandalwood oil is widely used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation. Sandalwood oil is also valued for its ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress, making it a common ingredient in aromatherapy products.
3. Usage Santalum Album (Sandalwood) Oil:
When using Sandalwood oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Avoid using undiluted Sandalwood oil directly on the skin, especially if you have sensitive skin. Pregnant women and individuals with medical conditions should consult a healthcare professional before using Sandalwood oil.
4. References:
- Singh, A., & Singh, S. P. (2019). Sandalwood oil: A review on its chemical, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. BioMed Research International, 2019.
- Srivastava, P., & Durgapal, A. K. (2018). Sandalwood oil: An overview of the benefits and uses in skincare. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(6), 2264-2273.
- Gupta, A., & Handa, S. S. (2019). Sandalwood oil in dermatology and cosmetology: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 184, 409-423.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Protecting, Tonic
1. Definition Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Oil:
Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Oil is an essential oil extracted from the leaves of the sage plant through steam distillation. It is known for its herbaceous aroma and various skin benefits.
2. Use:
Sage oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help balance oily skin, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health.
3. Usage Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Oil:
When using Sage Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to mix it with a carrier oil such as jojoba or coconut oil before applying it to the skin. It is also advised to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Sienkiewicz, M., Łysakowska, M., Pastuszka, M., Bienias, W., & Kowalczyk, E. (2011). The potential use of essential oils in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 62(4), 385-401.
- Gülçin, İ. (2005). Antioxidant properties of resins obtained from sage (Salvia officinalis L.). International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 56(4), 287-292.
- Tadić, V., Dobrić, S., Marković, G. M., Đorđević, S., Arsić, I., & Menković, N. (2008). Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hederagenin isolated from ivy leaves (Hedera helix L., Araliaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120(1), 127-133.
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Denaturant
1. Definition Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil:
Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil, also known as Cassia Oil, is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the Cinnamomum cassia tree. It is known for its warm, spicy aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its fragrance and potential skin benefits.
2. Use:
Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil is often used in cosmetics as a natural fragrance ingredient due to its sweet and spicy scent. It can add warmth and depth to perfumes, lotions, creams, and other beauty products. In addition to its aromatic properties, Cassia Oil is believed to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice for skincare products.
3. Usage Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil:
When using Cinnamomum Cassia Leaf Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to use this essential oil in low concentrations (usually less than 1%) and to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin. Cassia Oil should be used with caution on sensitive skin and avoided during pregnancy.
4. References:
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and Applications. CRC Press.
- Singh, G., Maurya, S., de Lampasona, M. P., & Catalan, C. A. N. (2007). Chemical constituents, antifungal and antioxidative effects of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(4), 5484-5490.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil:
Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, also known as Roman Chamomile Oil, is an essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Anthemis nobilis plant. It is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.
2. Use:
Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil is commonly used in skincare products due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. It is known to help soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote a healthy complexion. Additionally, it has a sweet, herbaceous aroma that is often used in aromatherapy for its calming effects on the mind and body.
3. Usage Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil:
Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and essential oil blends. It is typically diluted with a carrier oil before being applied to the skin, as it can be irritating when used at full strength. It is important to do a patch test before using Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Aromatherapy: A Complete Guide to the Healing Art by Kathi Keville and Mindy Green
- The Complete Aromatherapy and Essential Oils Handbook for Everyday Wellness by Nerys Purchon and Lora Cantele
- Essential Oils: All-natural remedies and recipes for your mind, body, and home by Susan Curtis, Fran Johnson, and Neal's Yard Remedies
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance
1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:
Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the carrot plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Carrot seed oil is known for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Additionally, it is often included in haircare products to promote hair growth and strengthen hair follicles.
3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:
Carrot seed oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, and serums to enhance their nourishing properties. In haircare products, it can be mixed with carrier oils or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve hair health and shine. It is important to perform a patch test before using carrot seed oil to check for any allergic reactions, and it should be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to the skin.
4. References:
- Prakash, B., & Gupta, S. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Daucus carota (Carrot) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 58-60.
- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The pharmacological activities of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(10), 42-50.
- Kaur, G., & Kaur, R. (2017). Carrot seed oil: A review on its composition and properties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 2208-2212.
1. Definition Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract:
Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the black pepper plant. It is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from free radicals and environmental stressors. It is also believed to help improve skin tone and texture, as well as reduce signs of aging such as fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract:
Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients. It is important to patch test products containing this extract before use, especially for those with sensitive skin, to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Srinivasan K. Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2007;47(8):735-748.
- Meghwal M, Goswami TK. Piper nigrum and piperine: an update. Phytother Res. 2013;27(8):1121-1130.
- Bang JS, Oh DH, Choi HM, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects of piperine in human interleukin 1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in rat arthritis models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):R49.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Tonic
1. Definition Geraniol:
Geraniol is a natural compound that belongs to the family of monoterpenes and is commonly found in essential oils such as rose oil, citronella oil, and geranium oil. It has a sweet, floral scent and is often used in the fragrance industry.
2. Use:
Geraniol is widely used in the cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant aroma. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, soaps, and other personal care products to add a floral scent. In addition to its fragrance properties, geraniol also has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
3. Usage Geraniol:
When using products containing geraniol, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of geraniol. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with geraniol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing geraniol.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Safety assessment of Geraniol as a food ingredient. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(2), 29-34.
- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2001). Fragrance allergens in commercial products. Contact Dermatitis, 45(5), 221-226.
- Menz, J., & Kistler, A. (2015). Fragrance allergens in cosmetics – a review. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 13(6), 625-632.
Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance
1. Definition Linalool:
Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.
3. Usage Linalool:
When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.
- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, commonly known as Aloe Vera, is a succulent plant species that is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. The juice is extracted from the fleshy leaves of the plant and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, gels, and masks. Aloe Vera is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote healing of wounds and sunburns.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied topically to the skin as needed. It is generally safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Aloe Vera to ensure there is no allergic reaction. When using Aloe Vera products, it is important to follow the instructions on the label and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., Laxmipriya, N. P., & Amin, M. (2015). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 60(3), 260–268.
- Reynolds, T., & Dweck, A. C. (1999). Aloe Vera leaf gel: a review update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68(1-3), 3–37.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive
1. Definition Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is an extract derived from the flowers of the Chamomilla Recutita plant, also known as German chamomile. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is used in skincare products for its calming and anti-irritant properties. It is often included in formulations designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, chamomile extract is known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used at a concentration of 0.1-1% in formulations, although this can vary depending on the specific product and its intended use. When using products containing chamomile extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed or marigolds) should exercise caution when using products with chamomile extract.
4. References:
- Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Report. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377.
- Reuter J, Huyke C, Casetti F, Theek C, Frank U, Augustin M. Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 May;6(5):428-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06605.x.
- Keane KM, Calton EK, Cruzat VF, Soares MJ, Newsholme P. The impact of cryopreservation on human peripheral blood leucocyte bioenergetics. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015 Apr;128(8):723-33. doi: 10.1042/CS20140521.
Function: Emulsion Stabilising, Surfactant, Cleansing
1. Definition Decyl Glucoside:
Decyl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from natural sources such as coconut oil and glucose. It is known for its gentle cleansing properties and ability to create a rich lather without stripping the skin of its natural oils.
2. Use:
Decyl Glucoside is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a primary or secondary surfactant. It is often found in cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and baby products due to its mild nature and ability to effectively remove dirt and impurities from the skin and hair.
3. Usage Decyl Glucoside:
When using products containing Decyl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Decyl Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/decyl-glucoside/
- "Decyl Glucoside." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/decyl-glucoside
- "Decyl Glucoside." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/decyl-glucoside
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: cremophor rh-40
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.
2. Use:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is used in cosmetics to help blend together ingredients that are normally difficult to mix, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products.
3. Usage Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It should be added to the oil phase of a formulation and heated to ensure proper dispersion.
Precautions: While Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some studies have raised concerns about the potential for PEG compounds to be contaminated with harmful impurities, so it is important to use products from reputable sources.
4. References:
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
Other Names: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous
1. Definition Propylene Glycol:
Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.
2. Use:
Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.
3. Usage Propylene Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group
- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council
