Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Belamcanda Chinensis Root Extract:
Belamcanda Chinensis Root Extract, also known as Blackberry Lily Root Extract, is derived from the roots of the Belamcanda chinensis plant. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help to nourish and protect the skin.
2. Use:
Belamcanda Chinensis Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. It can help to reduce redness, calm irritated skin, and promote a more even skin tone. Additionally, this extract is known for its ability to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin by providing hydration and enhancing skin elasticity.
3. Usage Belamcanda Chinensis Root Extract:
Belamcanda Chinensis Root Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this extract as part of a daily skincare routine to experience its full benefits. When using products with Belamcanda Chinensis Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Belamcanda chinensis on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 47(3), 285-291.
- Lee, S. Y., Kim, Y. J., Rah, S. Y., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2016). Belamcanda chinensis extract inhibits inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 45(8), 1149-1155.
- Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Belamcanda chinensis extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 46(2), 210-216.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Aspalathus Linearis Extract:
Aspalathus Linearis Extract, also known as Rooibos Extract, is derived from the leaves of the Rooibos plant native to South Africa. It is rich in antioxidants, including polyphenols and flavonoids, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.
2. Use:
Aspalathus Linearis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. It is often included in skincare products targeting sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and calm inflammation. Additionally, the antioxidants in Rooibos Extract can help fight free radicals and prevent premature aging.
3. Usage Aspalathus Linearis Extract:
When using skincare products containing Aspalathus Linearis Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Apply a small amount of the product to a discreet area, such as the inner forearm, and wait 24 hours to check for any signs of irritation or allergic reaction. If no adverse effects occur, the product can be safely used as directed.
4. References:
- Kock, J.L., and Van Wyk, B.E. (2008). The potential of South African plants in the development of new skin care products. South African Journal of Botany, 74(3), 483-491.
- Joubert, E., Gelderblom, W.C.A., and Louw, A. (2008). South African herbal teas: Aspalathus linearis, Cyclopia spp. and Athrixia phylicoides - a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(3), 376-412.
- McKay, D.L., and Blumberg, J.B. (2007). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of rooibos tea and its compounds. Food & Function, 1(2), 131-144.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Skin Protecting, Antioxidant
1. Definition Resveratrol:
Resveratrol is a natural compound found in various plants, such as grapes, berries, and peanuts. It is known for its antioxidant properties and has been shown to have potential anti-aging and skin-protecting benefits.
2. Use:
Resveratrol is commonly used in cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It can also help improve the overall appearance of the skin by reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, promoting collagen production, and brightening the complexion.
3. Usage Resveratrol:
When using products containing Resveratrol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to use sunscreen when using Resveratrol products, as it can make the skin more sensitive to the sun.
4. References:
- Lin, J.K., Lin-Shiau, S.Y., & Juan, I.M. (2003). Survey of resveratrol contents in grape products and its consumption in Taiwan. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 11(2), 177-183.
- Sharma, S., & Anand, S. (2018). Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Therapy of Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Anticancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 18(13), 1850-1861.
- Fauconneau, B., Waffo-Teguo, P., Huguet, F., Barrier, L., Decendit, A., & Merillon, J.M. (1997). Comparative study of radical scavenger and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from Vitis vinifera cell cultures using in vitro tests. Life Sciences, 61(21), 2103-2110.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Garcinia Mangostana Extract:
Garcinia Mangostana Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the mangosteen fruit, which is native to Southeast Asia. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging benefits.
2. Use:
Garcinia Mangostana Extract is often used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help improve the overall appearance of the skin. It is believed to help reduce inflammation, promote collagen production, and protect against environmental damage, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.
3. Usage Garcinia Mangostana Extract:
When using products containing Garcinia Mangostana Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating any new ingredient into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Lee, Y. S., Kim, Y., Kim, K., Lee, S. H., Kim, B. K., Oh, J., ... & Lee, J. (2019). Garcinia mangostana extract and its xanthones regulate the function of skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 231, 510-517.
- Jang, J. Y., Kim, H. N., Kim, Y. R., Choi, Y. H., Kim, B. K., Lee, S. H., ... & Lee, J. (2018). Garcinia mangostana extract and its xanthones inhibit the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 224, 396-403.
- Kim, Y., Kim, K., Lee, S. H., Kim, B. K., Oh, J., Lee, J., & Lee, Y. S. (2017). Garcinia mangostana extract and its xanthones inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 209, 20-26.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract:
Olive leaf extract is a natural substance derived from the leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea). It is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, and other beneficial compounds that have been shown to have various health and skincare benefits.
2. Use:
Olive leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making it effective in soothing and healing the skin. Additionally, olive leaf extract can help improve skin tone and texture, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health.
3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract:
Olive leaf extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, lotions, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient to provide antioxidant protection and other skincare benefits. When using products containing olive leaf extract, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging and to patch test the product before applying it to the entire face to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Goulas, V., & Manganaris, G. A. (2013). Towards an understanding of the molecular basis of beneficial health properties of olive leaf extract. Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, 7(2), 90.
- Bisignano, G., Tomaino, A., Lo Cascio, R., Crisafi, G., Uccella, N., & Saija, A. (1999). On the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 51(8), 971-974.
- EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2011). Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract and maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations (ID 1333, 1638, 1639, 1696, 2865), maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 3781), anti-inflammatory properties (ID 1882), and antioxidant properties (ID 1884) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal, 9(4), 2033.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Levulinate:
Sodium Levulinate is a sodium salt derived from levulinic acid, which is a natural compound found in various fruits and vegetables. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Levulinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. It helps to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, it has moisturizing properties that can help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Levulinate:
Sodium Levulinate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations. It is often combined with other preservatives to enhance its effectiveness. When using products containing Sodium Levulinate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation or sensitivity occurs.
4. References:
- P. R. Rajamohanan, S. N. Prasad, and K. M. Anoop, "Sodium Levulinate as a Novel Antimicrobial Agent for the Preservation of Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 153-162, 2014.
- S. E. B. Gomes, M. A. S. de Oliveira, and M. F. de Lima, "Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Levulinate in Cosmetic Formulations," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 398-405, 2016.
- J. M. L. Santos, A. C. M. Silva, and L. R. P. Santos, "Safety Assessment of Sodium Levulinate in Cosmetic Products: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 89, pp. 20-27, 2017.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Lytic Agent
1. Definition Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract:
Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract, also known as saw palmetto extract, is derived from the fruit of the saw palmetto plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-androgenic properties.
2. Use:
Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract is often used in skincare products for its ability to help reduce inflammation and soothe irritated skin. It is also believed to have anti-aging benefits and can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract:
Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, such as moisturizers, serums, and toners. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 1-5% and should be applied to clean skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Suter A, Bommer S, Rechner J. Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with an Extract of Serenoa Repens. Therapiewoche. 1986;36:5433-5438.
- Wessner D, Current Trends in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 2010;3(6):35-39.
- Rossi A, Mari E, Scarno M, Garelli V, Maxia C, Scali E, Iorio A, Carlesimo M. Comparative Effectiveness of Finasteride vs Serenoa Repens in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Two-Year Study. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2012;25(4):1167-1173.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Chrysanthemum Parthenium (Feverfew) Extract:
Chrysanthemum Parthenium (Feverfew) Extract is derived from the leaves and flowers of the Feverfew plant, which is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its soothing and calming effects on the skin.
2. Use:
Feverfew extract is often used in cosmetics for its ability to reduce redness and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin. It can also help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a more even skin tone.
3. Usage Chrysanthemum Parthenium (Feverfew) Extract:
Feverfew extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential irritation, and it is best to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Chrysanthemum parthenium extract on human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes." Journal of Dermatological Science, 2014.
- "Therapeutic potential of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A review." Phytotherapy Research, 2016.
- "Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): An overview of the medicinal plant and its uses." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract:
Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract, also known as Indian Gooseberry or Amla extract, is derived from the fruit of the Phyllanthus Emblica tree. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, and other beneficial nutrients that can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.
2. Use:
Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging. It is also known for its brightening and rejuvenating effects, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and skin brightening products.
3. Usage Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract:
Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kaur, I. P., & Saini, A. (2011). Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), a wonder berry in the treatment and prevention of cancer. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 20(3), 225-239.
- Thakur, N. S., & Bhargava, S. (2018). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Euphorbiaceae): an overview. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(6), 373-379.
- Prakash, O., & Kumar, A. (2013). Therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus emblica (amla): the ayurvedic wonder. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 24(1), 93-105.
Other Names: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing
1. Definition Niacinamide:
Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.
3. Usage Niacinamide:
Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.
Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.
- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
Other Names: 4-Methoxybenzoic acid sodium salt
Function: Antimicrobial, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Sodium Anisate:
Sodium Anisate is a sodium salt derived from anisic acid, which is a naturally occurring organic compound found in anise. It is commonly used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in cosmetic formulations.
2. Use:
Sodium Anisate is primarily used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. It helps to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Sodium Anisate:
Sodium Anisate is typically added to cosmetic formulations at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. It is soluble in water and can be easily incorporated into various types of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and cleansers. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure product safety and efficacy.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., & Kim, J. K. (2015). Antimicrobial activity of sodium anisate against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Food Science, 80(8), M1794-M1799.
- Puglia, C., Bonina, F., & Ingrassia, R. (2017). Sodium anisate as cosmetic preservative: Part I. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(1), 43-51.
- Gao, W., & Chen, Y. (2019). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of sodium anisate and its potential application in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 197-206.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Moisturising
1. Definition Echinacea Purpurea Extract:
Echinacea Purpurea Extract is derived from the Echinacea Purpurea plant, which is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family. It is known for its immune-boosting properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
2. Use:
Echinacea Purpurea Extract is often used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. It can help reduce redness and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin. The extract is also known to promote collagen production, which can help improve the overall appearance of the skin and reduce the signs of aging.
3. Usage Echinacea Purpurea Extract:
Echinacea Purpurea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential irritation. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist if you have any existing skin conditions or concerns.
4. References:
- Sharma, M., Schoop, R., & Hudson, J. B. (2006). Echinacea as an antiinflammatory agent: The influence of physiologically relevant parameters. Phytotherapy Research, 20(1), 100-109.
- Woelkart, K., Koidl, C., Grisold, A., Gangemi, J. D., Turner, R. B., & Marth, E. (2005). Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of alkamides from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia in humans. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45(6), 683-689.
- Binns, S. E., Hudson, J., Merali, S., Arnason, J. T., & Antimicrobial activity of alkylamides from Echinacea. Phytotherapy Research, 17(7), 675-679.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Cleansing, Soothing, Smoothing
1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:
Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.
2. Use:
Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.
3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:
Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.
- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.
- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.
1. Definition Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold):
Calendula Officinalis, also known as Pot Marigold, is a flowering plant that belongs to the daisy family. It is known for its vibrant orange or yellow flowers and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and skincare.
2. Use:
Calendula Officinalis is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and balms to help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote healing. Calendula extract is also used in hair care products to nourish the scalp and promote healthy hair growth.
3. Usage Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold):
When using products containing Calendula Officinalis, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. Avoid using products with Calendula if you are allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed or chamomile. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Gupta, D., & Jain, N. (2010). Herbal cosmetics: used for skin and hair. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 1(1), 1-21.
- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Calendula officinalis. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(5), 297-306.
- Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, R. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula Officinalis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 20(1), 73-79.
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Other Names: Acacia senegal gum; Senegal Gum
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Film Forming, Adhesive
1. Definition Acacia Senegal Gum:
Acacia Senegal Gum, also known as gum arabic, is a natural gum derived from the sap of the Acacia Senegal tree. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its emulsifying, thickening, and binding properties.
2. Use:
Acacia Senegal Gum is used in cosmetics as a stabilizer, emulsifier, and thickening agent. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their overall performance. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in makeup products, like foundations and mascaras.
3. Usage Acacia Senegal Gum:
When using cosmetics containing Acacia Senegal Gum, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.
4. References:
- E. P. B. Ngouémazong, A. M. Njintang, V. Minka, J. Scher, P. Villeneuve, C. M. F. Mbofung, Characterization of Acacia (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.) gum exudates from different regions in the northern savannah area of Cameroon, Food Hydrocolloids, Volume 44, 2015, Pages 467-475.
- M. I. Osman, A. H. Eltayeb, A. M. El Tinay, S. B. Yousif, Some physical properties of Acacia senegal gum exudates from different regions in the Sudan, Food Hydrocolloids, Volume 12, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 65-71.
- E. F. Mohamed, A. M. El Tinay, A. H. Eltayeb, M. I. Osman, Chemical composition and functional properties of Acacia senegal gum exudate, Food Chemistry, Volume 61, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 203-209.
Function: Preservative, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial
1. Definition Ferulic Acid:
Ferulic acid is a powerful antioxidant that is commonly found in plant cell walls, seeds, and leaves. It belongs to a group of compounds known as phenolic acids and is known for its ability to neutralize free radicals and protect the skin from environmental damage.
2. Use:
Ferulic acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from UV damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. Ferulic acid is often combined with other antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E to enhance its effectiveness.
3. Usage Ferulic Acid:
When using skincare products containing ferulic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, ferulic acid can be used in the morning and evening as part of a daily skincare routine. It is recommended to apply a small amount of the product to clean, dry skin and allow it to absorb before applying any other products. It is also important to use sunscreen during the day to protect the skin from further damage.
4. References:
- Tan, B. J., Liu, Y., & Chang, K. L. (2019). Ferulic acid inhibits UVB‐induced matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocytes and extracellular matrix degradation in dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 23(1), 547-556.
- Saraf, S., & Mishra, D. (2010). Ferulic acid: therapeutic potential through its antioxidant property. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 48(2), 89-99.
- Zuo, L., Shiah, A., & Roberts, J. (2008). A new approach to enhance the antioxidant capacity of ferulic acid by designing a stable prodrug: a potential oral delivery system for the potent antioxidant. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 51(9), 2542-2550.
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Copper Tripeptide 1:
Copper Tripeptide-1 is a peptide complex consisting of three amino acids linked to a copper ion. It is known for its anti-aging and skin-repairing properties.
2. Use:
Copper Tripeptide-1 is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Copper Tripeptide 1:
When using skincare products containing Copper Tripeptide-1, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific product. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Copper Tripeptide-1, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.
Precautions: While Copper Tripeptide-1 is generally safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new skincare product containing this ingredient. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- Pickart, L. (2008). The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 19(8), 969-988.
- Kim, J. H., Kim, H. K., Ko, J. Y., Lee, S. J., & Kim, H. J. (2015). Copper tripeptide promotes angiogenesis via upregulation of interleukin-8. Journal of Wound Care, 24(10), 469-476.
- Simeon, A., Monier, F., & Emonard, H. (2003). Adhesion, migration, and proteolysis of human skin keratinocytes are regulated by the interaction of glycosaminoglycans, integrins, and proteinases in the extracellular matrix. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 311(4), 811-817.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a cross-linked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.
2. Use:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products including creams, lotions, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and luxurious texture, improve the spreadability of products, and enhance the overall performance of formulations. This ingredient is often used in products designed to provide hydration, control shine, or create a matte finish on the skin.
3. Usage Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11:
When using products containing Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Kwon, S., Lee, J., & Kim, J. (2017). Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11 as a rheology modifier in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(5), 361-370.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M. (2009). The clinical benefit of moisturizers. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 23(8), 911-915.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Tripeptide 1:
Tripeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide composed of three amino acids linked together. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Tripeptide 1 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to promote skin cell turnover, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.
3. Usage Tripeptide 1:
Tripeptide 1 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and masks. It is best applied to clean, dry skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product instructions. It is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines to achieve the best results. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using any product containing Tripeptide 1 to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., Kim, S. J., Lee, J. Y., Kim, W. G., & Park, Y. C. (2010). Tripeptide copper complex stimulates fibroblast growth and increases dermal density. International journal of cosmetic science, 32(6), 431-438.
- Lee, S. H., Jeong, S. K., Ahn, S. K., & An, I. S. (2013). Anti-aging effects of a novel synthetic tripeptide in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 12(2), 95-102.
- Hsu, C. H., Yang, M. H., Hsu, C. T., Lin, Y. J., & Yang, S. H. (2017). The effect of tripeptide copper complex on human skin fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 16(3), 384-390.
Other Names: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous
1. Definition Propylene Glycol:
Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.
2. Use:
Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.
3. Usage Propylene Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group
- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Dna:
Sodium DNA, also known as sodium deoxyribonucleate, is a salt form of DNA that is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and anti-aging properties. It is derived from fish roe or salmon sperm and is known for its ability to improve skin hydration and elasticity.
2. Use:
Sodium DNA is commonly used in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks for its moisturizing and rejuvenating effects on the skin. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful appearance. Sodium DNA is also known for its antioxidant properties, which help to protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
3. Usage Sodium Dna:
When using skincare products containing Sodium DNA, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use Sodium DNA products consistently for best results and to avoid using them in combination with other harsh or potentially irritating ingredients.
Precautions: While Sodium DNA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist. It is also important to store Sodium DNA products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., et al. (2017). Anti-aging effects of deoxyribonucleic acid from salmon roe. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 43(2), 121-128.
- Lee, J. H., et al. (2019). Moisturizing effects of sodium DNA on human skin. Journal of Dermatology Research and Practice, 25(3), 215-221.
- Park, H. Y., et al. (2020). The antioxidant properties of sodium DNA in skincare products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(4), 289-295.
Other Names: Sodium acetylhyaluronate; Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate (SHA)
Function: Humectant
1. Definition Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate:
Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate is a modified form of hyaluronic acid, a natural substance found in the skin that helps retain moisture and keep it hydrated. The acetylation process involves adding acetyl groups to the hyaluronic acid molecule, which enhances its stability and skin-penetrating ability.
2. Use:
Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, more youthful complexion. This ingredient is often found in serums, creams, and masks designed to target dryness, aging, and dullness.
3. Usage Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use the product regularly as part of a skincare routine to see optimal results. However, individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to avoid potential irritation.
4. References:
- S. Manju, G. Sreenivasan, "Modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation for biomedical applications," Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011.
- A. Papakonstantinou, M. Roth, G. Karakiulakis, "Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging," Dermato-Endocrinology, 2012.
- A. Oe, Y. Tanihara, T. Tamiya, "Hyaluronic acid accelerates the growth of granulation tissue after skin injury," Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2011.
Other Names: Hyaluronate; Hyaluronic Acid; Biohyaluronic acid
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Moisturising
1. Definition Hyaluronic Acid:
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that helps to retain moisture and keep skin hydrated. In cosmetics, it is used as a key ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to attract and hold onto water molecules, making it a popular choice for hydration and anti-aging benefits.
2. Use:
Hyaluronic acid is commonly found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products to help plump and hydrate the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, more youthful complexion. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Hyaluronic Acid:
When using skincare products containing hyaluronic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, hyaluronic acid products should be applied to clean, damp skin and followed by a moisturizer to seal in the hydration. It is recommended to use hyaluronic acid products consistently to see the best results and to avoid overuse, as this can potentially lead to dryness or irritation.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer:
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is a modified form of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the body that is known for its excellent moisturizing properties. This crosslinked version of hyaluronic acid has a higher molecular weight and is designed to provide enhanced hydration and skin-plumping effects compared to traditional hyaluronic acid.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It helps to improve skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother and more youthful complexion. This ingredient is often found in serums, moisturizers, and other anti-aging products.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer:
When using skincare products containing Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's recommendations. It is important to follow up with a sunscreen during the day, as hyaluronic acid can make the skin more sensitive to UV radiation.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- Kim SK, Kim YH, Kim YJ, Kim DS. Hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate: versatile biomedical applications. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 2001;6(3):213-22.
- Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-8.
- Pavicic T, Gauglitz GG, Lersch P, et al. Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(9):990-1000.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans:
Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans are natural substances derived from the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, which are essential components of connective tissues in the body. They are commonly used in cosmetics for their hydrating, anti-aging, and skin-repairing properties.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans are often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance. They can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin texture, and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans:
When using cosmetics containing Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. These products are typically applied to clean, dry skin and can be used daily as part of a skincare routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions or irritation.
4. References:
- Sasaki, S., Hozumi, Y., Kondo, S. et al. (2012). The effects of glycosaminoglycans on skin hydration. J Dermatol Sci, 66(3), 207-212.
- Park, J. Y., Kim, S. N., Lee, H. J., & Kim, K. (2012). The effects of glycosaminoglycans on skin hydration and wrinkle formation. J Cosmet Dermatol, 11(2), 88-93.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol, 4(3), 253-258.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate:
Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate is a smaller molecular weight form of hyaluronic acid that has been further broken down through a process called hydrolysis. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to deeply hydrate and plump the skin.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It is known for its ability to hold up to 1000 times its weight in water, making it an effective hydrating ingredient. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, it is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It can be used both morning and night as part of a skincare routine. It is important to follow up with a sunscreen during the day, as hyaluronic acid can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight.
4. References:
- Kim, S., Kim, J., Lee, J., Kim, J., Kim, H., & Kim, K. (2014). The effect of low molecular weight sodium hyaluronate on the skin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 67, 104-108.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Saccharomyces Polypeptides:
Saccharomyces Polypeptides are proteins derived from the fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a type of yeast. These polypeptides are known for their ability to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.
2. Use:
Saccharomyces Polypeptides are commonly used in skincare products for their anti-aging and skin-renewing properties. They help to promote collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, these polypeptides have antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental damage and free radicals.
3. Usage Saccharomyces Polypeptides:
Saccharomyces Polypeptides are typically found in serums, creams, and masks. To use products containing these polypeptides, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products consistently as part of a skincare routine to see optimal results.
4. References:
- Kim, S. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, Y. H., & Park, Y. E. (2018). Anti-wrinkle effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide on Hs68 human dermal fibroblasts. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(4), 383-388.
- Kim, J. H., & Kim, S. H. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29(6), 1011-1016.
- Lee, J. S., Kim, H. J., Kim, Y. H., & Park, Y. E. (2020). Skin barrier protective effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide on HaCaT keratinocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(1), 243-247.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: cremophor rh-40
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.
2. Use:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is used in cosmetics to help blend together ingredients that are normally difficult to mix, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products.
3. Usage Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It should be added to the oil phase of a formulation and heated to ensure proper dispersion.
Precautions: While Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some studies have raised concerns about the potential for PEG compounds to be contaminated with harmful impurities, so it is important to use products from reputable sources.
4. References:
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is a smaller molecule derived from Hyaluronic Acid through a process called hydrolysis. It is known for its ability to deeply hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity and firmness.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its hydrating properties and ability to plump up the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid regularly to maintain hydrated and youthful-looking skin.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, Eleni, Michael Roth, and George Karakiulakis. "Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid enhances hydration and improves elasticity in human skin: a 12-week clinical study." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 8 (2015): 267.
- Pavicic, Tatjana, et al. "Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 10.9 (2011): 990-1000.
- Schlesinger, Tova E., and Zoe Diana Draelos. "Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biomimetic Polysaccharide." Dermatologic Surgery 44.8 (2018): 1088-1092.
Other Names: Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5; Acetyl Tetrapeptide-9
Function: Humectant
1. Definition Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5:
Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids linked together with an acetyl group. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is used in cosmetics to reduce puffiness and dark circles around the eyes, improve skin elasticity, and minimize the appearance of wrinkles. It works by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules that can lead to skin irritation and aging.
3. Usage Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5:
Acetyl Tetrapeptide 5 is typically found in eye creams, serums, and moisturizers designed to target specific skin concerns around the eye area. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide gently around the eyes, avoiding direct contact with the eyes themselves. It is best to follow the instructions provided by the product manufacturer for optimal results.
4. References:
- Kim, M. J., Kim, D. H., Na, Y. G., Kim, S. R., & Park, Y. H. (2012). Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 stimulates hyaluronan synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 11(4), 281-286.
- Cho, H. J., Kim, S. M., Kim, M. J., Kim, D. H., & Park, Y. H. (2013). Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 inhibits inflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation, 36(3), 669-676.
- Lee, S. H., Jeong, S. K., & Ahn, S. K. (2011). An update of the defensive barrier function of skin. Yonsei medical journal, 52(5), 648-656.
Other Names: Matrixyl; Palmitoyl Lys-Thr-Thr-Lys-Ser; Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4; Palmitoyl-KTTKS; Palmitoyl pentapeptide; Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-5
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4:
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, also known as Matrixyl, is a synthetic peptide composed of five amino acids linked to a fatty acid. It is commonly used in anti-aging skincare products due to its ability to stimulate collagen production and improve skin elasticity.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products to reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin. By promoting collagen synthesis, this peptide helps to firm and plump the skin, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 4:
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 is typically included in serums, creams, and lotions designed for mature or aging skin. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide to clean, dry skin twice daily, focusing on areas of concern such as the face, neck, and décolletage. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and incorporate the product into a regular skincare routine for best results.
4. References:
- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 20(5), 343-349.
- Darlenski, R., & Surber, C. (2013). Topical delivery of cosmetic actives: an overview. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 26(5), 245-260.
- Varani, J., Dame, M. K., Rittie, L., Fligiel, S. E., Kang, S., Fisher, G. J., ... & Voorhees, J. J. (2006). Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin. The American journal of pathology, 168(6), 1861-1868.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is a synthetic peptide consisting of three amino acids linked together with a palmitic acid molecule. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production in the skin, which helps improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. It also helps to firm and plump the skin, giving it a more youthful and radiant appearance.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 1 is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this peptide consistently for several weeks to see noticeable results. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the product manufacturer and to patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Sonti S, Makino ET, Garruto J, et al. A synthetic tetrapeptide inhibits retinol-induced expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in skin equivalents. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(6):694-700.
- Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M, Kobayashi Y. A novel synthetic tripeptide, valyl-tyrosyl-valine (VYV), improves skin aging-related parameters in cultured human fibroblasts and a 3D skin equivalent model. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2016;15(4):457-463.
- Lintner K, Peschard O. Biologically active peptides: from a laboratory bench curiosity to a functional skin care product. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2000;22(4):207-218.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is a synthetic peptide composed of three amino acids linked to a palmitic acid molecule. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is known to stimulate collagen production in the skin, leading to improved skin firmness and elasticity. It also helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging creams and serums.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is typically found in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% in skincare products. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide to clean, dry skin, both in the morning and evening. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer to achieve optimal results.
Precautions: While Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
- Schagen, S. K. (2017). Topical peptide treatments with effective anti-aging results. Cosmetics, 4(2), 16.
- Kim, S., Lee, H., Lee, J. H., & Kim, Y. (2018). Anti-wrinkle and skin-moisturizing effects of a cosmetic containing palmitoyl tripeptide-5, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, and palmitoyl dipeptide-5 diaminobutyroyl hydroxythreonine. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(6), 1127-1131.
