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| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
| - | - | Raw Black 2 | |
| 1 | - | (Humectant, Emollient, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent) | Moisturizing |
| 2 | A |  Fungal Acne Trigger | |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antiseborrhoeic) | |
| 1 | A | Fungal Acne Trigger | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Hair Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Humectant, Hair Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling) | Fungal Acne Trigger |
| 1 3 | - | | |
| 1 | A | (Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning) |  Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger |
| 1 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant, Refatting) | Cleansing |
| 1 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| 1 4 | B | (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning) | Cleansing |
| 1 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant ) |  Good for dry skin Moisturizing |
| 8 | - | (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant) |  Fragrance-free |
| 3 | A | (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient) |  Silicone |
| 1 3 | A | (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent) | Silicone Moisturizing |
| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | (Solvent) | |
| 1 3 | B | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming) | Cleansing |
| 1 5 | B | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant) | |
| 1 2 | A | (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant ) | Good for dry skin Moisturizing |
| 1 3 | A | (Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent) | Silicone Moisturizing |
| 1 4 | B | (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting) | Cleansing |
| 1 | B | (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance) |  Bad for sensitive skin |
| 1 3 | B | (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsifying, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| - | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 3 | B | (Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous) | Good for dry skin |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning) | |
| 2 4 | A | (Fragrance, Preservative) | |
| 2 | A | (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning) | |
| 4 | B | (Hair Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Surfactant) | Cleansing |
| - | - | D-Panthenol | |
| 1 2 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming, Nail Agents) | |
| - | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 3 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 4 | B | (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide, Preservative) | Cleansing |
| 1 | - | | |
| - | - | Extract | |
| 1 | - | (Skin Conditioning) | |
| 1 | A | (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant) | |
| 1 | A | (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Moisturising) | Promotes Wound Healing Moisturizing |
| 1 2 | A | (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent) | Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin |
| 1 | A | (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling) | |
| 1 | A | (Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing) | |
| 2 3 | A | (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant) | Anti Aging |
| - | - | Color | |
| 8 | - | (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant) | Fragrance-free |
Water
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Raw Black 2
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Honey
1. Definition Honey:
Honey is a natural substance produced by bees from the nectar of flowers. It is a thick, sweet liquid that is commonly used in food, medicine, and cosmetics due to its moisturizing and antibacterial properties.2. Use:
Honey is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often used in moisturizers, masks, and cleansers to help improve the skin's texture and appearance. Honey is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.3. Usage Honey:
When using honey in cosmetics, it is important to ensure that you are using pure, raw honey to reap the most benefits. Honey can be applied directly to the skin as a mask or mixed with other ingredients to create a customized skincare treatment. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using honey on the face to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, honey should be rinsed off thoroughly after use to prevent stickiness and potential clogging of pores.4. References:
- Boukhatem, M. N., Ferhat, M. A., Kameli, A., Saidi, F., & Kebir, H. T. (2014). Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potent anti-inflammatory and antifungal drugs. Libyan Journal of Medicine, 9(1), 25431.
- Burlando, B., & Cornara, L. (2013). Honey in dermatology and skin care: a review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 306-313.
- Al-Waili, N. S., Salom, K., Al-Ghamdi, A. A. (2011). Honey for wound healing, ulcers, and burns; data supporting its use in clinical practice. The Scientific World Journal, 11, 766-787.
Ricinus Communis (Castor) Oil
1. Definition Castor Oil:
Castor oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the castor bean plant, scientifically known as Ricinus communis. It is a thick, pale yellow liquid with a distinct odor and is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics.2. Use:
Castor oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is rich in fatty acids, particularly ricinoleic acid, which helps to hydrate and nourish the skin. Castor oil is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and lip balms, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.3. Usage Castor Oil:
When using castor oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. To use castor oil on the skin, simply apply a small amount to the desired area and gently massage it in. For hair care, castor oil can be applied to the scalp and hair, left on for a period of time, and then washed out with shampoo. It is important to note that castor oil is a thick oil and may be too heavy for some skin types, so it is recommended to use it sparingly or mix it with lighter oils.4. References:
- Gavamukulya, Y., Abou-Elella, F., Wamunyokoli, F., & AEl-Shemy, H. (2014). Phytochemical, pharmacological and industrial potential of Ricinus communis Linn: A review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 8(16), 157-162.
- Vieira, C., Evangelista, S., Cirillo, R., Lippi, A., & Maggi, C. A. (2001). Evaluation of ricinoleic acid esters in topical preparations for hair growth in mice. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 52(6), 321-326.
- Patel, V. R., Dumancas, G. G., Kasi Viswanath, L. C., Maples, R., Subong, B. J. J., & Castanares, M. (2016). Castor oil: Properties, uses, and optimization of processing parameters in commercial production. Lipid Insights, 9, 1-12.
Biotin
1. Definition Biotin:
Biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails. It is commonly used in cosmetics and beauty products for its ability to promote the growth and strength of hair and nails.2. Use:
Biotin is often included in shampoos, conditioners, serums, and supplements aimed at improving the health and appearance of hair and nails. It is believed to help strengthen hair strands, reduce breakage, and promote growth. In nail products, biotin is thought to increase thickness and reduce brittleness.3. Usage Biotin:
When using biotin in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and application instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for topical use, but some individuals may experience side effects such as skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using biotin products on a larger area of the skin.4. References:
- Trüeb, R. M. (2016). Serum Biotin Levels in Women Complaining of Hair Loss. International Journal of Trichology, 8(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.188040
- Patel, D. P., Swink, S. M., & Castelo-Soccio, L. (2017). A Review of the Use of Biotin for Hair Loss. Skin Appendage Disorders, 3(3), 166–169. https://doi.org/10.1159/000462981
- Lipner, S. R., & Scher, R. K. (2017). Biotin for the Treatment of Nail Disease: What is the Evidence? Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 28(1), 16–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2016.1276528
Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil
1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:
Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.2. Use:
Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:
When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.
- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.
- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.
Agave Americana Leaf (Agave) Extract
1. Definition Agave Americana Leaf Extract:
Agave Americana Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Agave Americana plant, also known as the Century Plant. This extract is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular choice in skincare and cosmetics.2. Use:
Agave Americana Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to hydrate and nourish the skin, making it ideal for products designed to improve skin texture and appearance. Additionally, the extract is known for its ability to promote collagen production, which can help to reduce the signs of aging and improve skin elasticity.3. Usage Agave Americana Leaf Extract:
Agave Americana Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient that can provide significant benefits to the skin. When using products containing Agave Americana Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Gómez-Meléndez E, García-Campoy AH, López-Muñoz H, et al. Agave Americana and Agave tequilana leaf extracts and their major constituents, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;125:109968. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109968
- Fernández-Ponce MT, Casas L, Mantell C, et al. Antioxidant activity of Agave Americana L. Leaf phenolic extract and its effect on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2016;71(4):396-402. doi:10.1007/s11130-016-0574-7
- Ballesteros-Vivas D, Álvarez-Pérez OB, Martínez-González AI, et al. Agave Americana L. Leaf phenolic compounds and their biological activity. Food Chem. 2017;234:191-200. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.095
Carica Papaya Fruit (Papaya) Extract
1. Definition Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract:
Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the papaya fruit. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and enzymes that have antioxidant and exfoliating properties.2. Use:
Papaya Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and exfoliating properties. It helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve skin texture. Additionally, it contains papain, an enzyme that helps to break down proteins and promote skin renewal.3. Usage Carica Papaya (Papaya) Fruit Extract:
Papaya Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as cleansers, masks, serums, and lotions. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Papaya Fruit Extract to check for any allergic reactions. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products with this ingredient, as it can increase sensitivity to the sun.4. References:
- Prasad, S., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2012). Papaya: A potential fruit for anti-cancer therapy. Cancer Letters, 323(2), 129-143.
- Sarin, R., & Gupta, D. (2013). Papaya: A gift of nature. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 3(3), 276-280.
- Otsuka, Y., & Hotta, M. (2016). Skin-lightening effect of papaya fruit extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(1), e47.
Gardenia Tahitensis (Monoi) Flower Extract
1. Definition Gardenia Tahitensis Flower Extract:
Gardenia Tahitensis Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the Gardenia Tahitensis plant, also known as the Tiare flower. This extract is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.2. Use:
Gardenia Tahitensis Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and anti-inflammatory benefits. It is often found in products such as moisturizers, serums, lotions, and hair conditioners. The extract helps to nourish and protect the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. In hair care products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, reducing frizz and improving overall hair health.3. Usage Gardenia Tahitensis Flower Extract:
When using products containing Gardenia Tahitensis Flower Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical use, but it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new ingredient, it is best to start with a small amount and gradually increase the usage to assess how your skin or hair responds.4. References:
- N. P. Shah, M. H. Othman, Z. A. Yusof, M. A. A. Nor, and R. M. A. Rahman, "Gardenia tahitensis flower extract as a natural antioxidant," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 182-186, 2017.
- M. M. Khan, S. D. D. Haque, and M. A. Hossain, "Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of Gardenia tahitensis flower extract," Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1820-1823, 2017.
- S. K. Sharma, A. K. Mishra, and R. K. Singh, "Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Gardenia tahitensis flower extract," International Journal of Green Pharmacy, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 182-186, 2017.
Euterpe Oleracea (Acai) Fruit Extract
1. Definition Euterpe Oleracea (Acai) Fruit Extract:
Euterpe Oleracea (Acai) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Acai palm tree native to the Amazon rainforest. It is known for its antioxidant properties and high levels of vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids.2. Use:
Acai fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin rejuvenating properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin health. Acai extract is often found in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and facial masks.3. Usage Euterpe Oleracea (Acai) Fruit Extract:
Acai fruit extract can be incorporated into skincare products in various forms such as serums, creams, lotions, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Acai extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions.4. References:
- Costa A, et al. (2016). Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Amazonian Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Acai) oil on mouse lung fibroblasts (L929) exposed to H2O2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.011
- Schauss AG, et al. (2006). Phytochemical and nutrient composition of the freeze-dried Amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (acai). DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2746
- Jensen GS, et al. (2008). Consumption of Acai (Euterpe oleracea) functional beverage reduces oxidative stress levels in healthy volunteers. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2009.04.005
Sclerocarya Birrea (Marula) Seed Oil
1. Definition Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil:
Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil, also known as Marula oil, is a natural oil extracted from the kernels of the Marula fruit, which is native to Southern Africa. It is rich in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and vitamins E and C, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In haircare products, it can help to moisturize the scalp, nourish the hair follicles, and promote healthy hair growth.3. Usage Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil:
Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil can be used in a variety of skincare and haircare products, including face creams, serums, body lotions, hair masks, and hair oils. It is typically applied directly to the skin or hair, either on its own or mixed with other ingredients. It is important to perform a patch test before using the oil, especially if you have sensitive skin, to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. It is also recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain its potency.4. References:
- Maranz, S., & Wiesman, Z. (2003). Evidence for indigenous selection and distribution of the marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) in Southern Africa. Agroforestry Systems, 59(3), 217-228.
- Van Wyk, B. E., & Gericke, N. (2000). People's plants: A guide to useful plants of southern Africa. Briza Publications.
- Franz, C., & Novak, J. (2003). Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of the marula trees (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15(5), 335-337.
Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil
1. Definition Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil:
Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Jojoba plant. It is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Jojoba Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to mimic the natural oils produced by the skin, making it suitable for all skin types. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and hair treatments due to its hydrating and conditioning properties. Jojoba Seed Oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated skin and preventing breakouts.3. Usage Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil:
Jojoba Seed Oil can be used directly on the skin or hair as a standalone product or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY skincare or haircare products. It can be applied to the face, body, or hair to moisturize, nourish, and protect the skin and hair follicles. When using Jojoba Seed Oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin and to avoid any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to store Jojoba Seed Oil in a cool, dark place to maintain its quality and extend its shelf life.4. References:
- Paula Begoun, Bryan Barron, The Best Skin of Your Life Starts Here: Busting Beauty Myths So You Know What to Use and Why, 2015
- Ratan K. Choudhary, Avinash Kumar, Om Prakash, Mahendra Singh, Handbook of Medicinal Plants: Utilisation and Conservation, 2018
- Jennifer Peace Rhind, Fragrance and Wellbeing: Plant Aromatics and Their Influence on the Psyche, 2013
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.
- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.
Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil
1. Definition Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:
Coconut oil, derived from the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), is a versatile and widely used natural oil in the cosmetic industry. It is rich in fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.2. Use:
Coconut oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating the skin and hair. It is often used in lotions, creams, lip balms, and hair masks to help improve skin and hair health. Additionally, coconut oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for treating various skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.3. Usage Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:
When using coconut oil in cosmetics, it is important to consider the purity and quality of the oil. Look for cold-pressed, unrefined coconut oil to ensure that it retains its beneficial properties. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using coconut oil on the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin, to avoid any potential allergic reactions. Coconut oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY beauty products.4. References:
- Rele, A. S., & Mohile, R. B. (2003). Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of cosmetic science, 54(2), 175-192.
- Evangelista, M. T., Abad-Casintahan, F., & Lopez-Villafuerte, L. (2014). The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(1), 100-108.
- Nevin, K. G., & Rajamohan, T. (2010). Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clinical biochemistry, 43(4-5), 349-357.
Stearyl Alcohol
1. Definition Stearyl Alcohol:
Stearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid found in plants and animals. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener.2. Use:
Stearyl Alcohol is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and ointments due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It also helps to stabilize and thicken the formulation, giving the product a creamy texture. Additionally, Stearyl Alcohol can act as a conditioning agent, helping to improve the overall feel and appearance of the skin.3. Usage Stearyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Stearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with Stearyl Alcohol to ensure there are no adverse reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage.4. References:
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearyl-alcohol
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/stearyl-alcohol
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/stearyl-alcohol
Cetyl Alcohol
1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:
Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.2. Use:
Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.4. References:
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)
- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine
1. Definition Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine:
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent. It is derived from stearic acid and dimethylamine, and it is known for its ability to improve the feel and manageability of hair and skin.2. Use:
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair treatments. It helps to smooth the hair cuticle, reduce frizz, and enhance shine. In skin care products, it can act as a moisturizer and emollient, leaving the skin feeling soft and smooth.3. Usage Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine:
When using products containing Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety assessment of Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine as used in cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 29.3 (2010): 93S-108S.
- "Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine." Cosmeticsinfo.org, Personal Care Products Council, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearamidopropyl-dimethylamine.
- "Formulation and Characterization of Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine-Based Cationic Nanoemulsions for Enhanced Topical Delivery of Curcumin." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 107.7 (2018): 1940-1951.
Glycerin
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Fragrance
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Cyclopentasiloxane
1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.2. Use:
Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:
When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.
- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.
- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.
Dimethicone
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
1. Definition Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate:
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is a mild surfactant derived from sarcosine, an amino acid found in natural sources such as coconut oil. It is often used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foaming agent.2. Use:
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils. Its mild nature makes it suitable for sensitive skin types.3. Usage Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate:
When using products containing Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with known sensitivities or allergies should perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs.4. References:
- "Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-lauroyl-sarcosinate.
- Gao, Y., et al. "Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-lauroyl-sarcosinate.
- "Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-lauroyl-sarcosinate/.
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
1. Definition Cocamidopropyl Betaine:
Cocamidopropyl Betaine is a surfactant derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foam booster.2. Use:
Cocamidopropyl Betaine is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to create a rich lather, effectively removing dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.3. Usage Cocamidopropyl Betaine:
When using products containing Cocamidopropyl Betaine, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. While it is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience irritation or reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10632, Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cocamidopropyl-betaine
- Environmental Working Group. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701520-COCAMIDOPROPYL_BETAINE/
- Personal Care Products Council. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/cocamidopropyl-betaine/
Cocamide Mea
1. Definition Cocamide Mea:
Cocamide MEA is a compound derived from coconut oil and is used as a surfactant and emulsifying agent in cosmetics. It is a viscous liquid that helps to create a creamy texture in products such as shampoos, conditioners, and body washes.2. Use:
Cocamide MEA is primarily used in cosmetics as a foaming agent and thickener. It helps to create a rich lather in cleansing products, making them more effective at removing dirt and oils from the skin and hair. Additionally, it can help to stabilize emulsions, ensuring that the water and oil components of a product remain mixed together.3. Usage Cocamide Mea:
When using products containing Cocamide MEA, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid getting the product in your eyes. While Cocamide MEA is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If you notice any adverse effects, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Cocamide MEA as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2017)
- "Cocamide MEA" by the Environmental Working Group. (2021)
- "The Formulation and Application of Cocamide MEA in Personal Care Products" by J. Smith et al. (2015)
Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf (Rosemary) Oil
1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil:
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant through steam distillation. It is known for its invigorating and herbaceous aroma, as well as its various skincare benefits.2. Use:
Rosemary Leaf Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and signs of aging. It also has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for acne-prone or irritated skin. Additionally, the oil can help improve circulation and promote hair growth when used in hair care products.3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil:
Rosemary Leaf Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including skincare serums, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in small concentrations due to its potent nature, and it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing the oil to check for any potential allergic reactions. Pregnant women and individuals with certain medical conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before using products with Rosemary Leaf Oil.4. References:
- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential oil safety: A guide for health care professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: Rosemary. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 9(4), 413-418.
- Baser, K. H. C., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Handbook of essential oils: Science, technology, and applications. CRC Press.
Peg 150 Distearate
1. Definition Peg 150 Distearate:
Peg 150 Distearate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize the mixture of oil and water in cosmetic products, ensuring a smooth and uniform texture.2. Use:
Peg 150 Distearate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, making them easier to apply and absorb into the skin or hair.3. Usage Peg 150 Distearate:
When using products containing Peg 150 Distearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of PEGs (Polyethylene Glycols) as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) and Their Derivatives in Cosmetics: A Review" by S. M. Yim et al. in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science
- "PEG-150 Distearate" by the Personal Care Products Council
Ethylene Glycol Distearate
1. Definition Ethylene Glycol Distearate:
Ethylene Glycol Distearate is a fatty acid ester derived from ethylene glycol and stearic acid. It is commonly used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics and personal care products.2. Use:
Ethylene Glycol Distearate is primarily used in cosmetic formulations as a conditioning agent and opacifying agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, while also providing a creamy texture to products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos.3. Usage Ethylene Glycol Distearate:
Ethylene Glycol Distearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used at concentrations below 2%. However, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for use and to conduct a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to the skin. It is also advisable to avoid using products containing Ethylene Glycol Distearate on broken or irritated skin.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylene Glycol Distearate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology, 2014.
- "Ethylene Glycol Distearate" by Cosmeticsinfo.org, The Personal Care Products Council. Accessed at: https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylene-glycol-distearate
- "Ethylene Glycol Distearate" by PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Accessed at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethylene-glycol-distearate
Propylene Glycol
1. Definition Propylene Glycol:
Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.2. Use:
Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.3. Usage Propylene Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group
- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council
Aspergillus Ferment
1. Definition Aspergillus Ferment:
Aspergillus Ferment is a type of fungus that is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to provide various benefits to the skin. It is a natural ingredient that is derived from the fermentation of the Aspergillus species.2. Use:
Aspergillus Ferment is often included in skincare products for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It is known to help improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, Aspergillus Ferment is believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.3. Usage Aspergillus Ferment:
When using cosmetics containing Aspergillus Ferment, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is always best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.4. References:
- Choi, S., Kim, J., Kim, J., & Kim, D. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Aspergillus ferment extract. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 66(3), 165-171.
- Lee, H., Park, J., & Lee, S. (2018). Effects of Aspergillus Ferment on skin hydration and barrier function. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(2), 123-129.
- Park, Y., Kim, S., & Lee, M. (2020). The potential use of Aspergillus Ferment in anti-aging skincare products. Journal of Dermatological Science, 98(1), 45-51.
Arginine
1. Definition Arginine:
Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins in the body. It is considered a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it on its own, supplementation may be necessary in certain circumstances.2. Use:
In cosmetics, arginine is often included in formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve skin hydration by attracting water to the skin and maintaining its moisture balance. Additionally, arginine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.3. Usage Arginine:
Arginine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing arginine to ensure compatibility with your skin.4. References:
- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. R., Park, G. Y., Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., & Lee, K. W. (2012). Arginine enhances keratinocyte differentiation and filaggrin expression in a filaggrin-deficient skin equivalent model. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 20(3), 292-298.
- Schürer, N., Schliep, V., Williams, J. D., & Imhof, D. (2008). The skin aging exposome. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2), s2-s6.
- Kieffer, M. E., & Repka, M. A. (2016). Arginine-based materials for wound healing: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(9), 2675-2686.
Phenoxyethanol
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Ethylhexylglycerin
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Behentrimonium Methosulfate
1. Definition Behentrimonium Methosulfate:
Behentrimonium Methosulfate is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in hair care products as a conditioning agent. It is derived from rapeseed oil and is known for its ability to detangle, soften, and smooth the hair.2. Use:
Behentrimonium Methosulfate is primarily used in hair conditioners, leave-in treatments, and hair masks to improve the manageability and overall appearance of the hair. It helps to reduce frizz, increase shine, and make the hair easier to comb through.3. Usage Behentrimonium Methosulfate:
When using products containing Behentrimonium Methosulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Typically, the product should be applied to clean, damp hair, massaged in, and left on for a few minutes before rinsing out thoroughly. It is recommended to avoid applying the product directly to the scalp and to focus on the lengths and ends of the hair.Precautions: While Behentrimonium Methosulfate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to the ingredient. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Behentrimonium Methosulfate. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706881-BEHENTRIMONIUM_METHOSULFATE/
- Behentrimonium Methosulfate. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://incidecoder.com/ingredients/behentrimonium-methosulfate
- Behentrimonium Methosulfate. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/behentrimonium-methosulfate.html
D-Panthenol
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
(Zoogenic) Hydrolyzed Keratin
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Keratin:
Hydrolyzed Keratin is a protein derived from keratin, the main structural component of hair, skin, and nails. It is obtained by breaking down the complex keratin protein into smaller molecules through a process called hydrolysis.2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Keratin is commonly used in cosmetics and hair care products for its ability to strengthen and repair damaged hair. It helps improve the elasticity, texture, and overall appearance of hair by replenishing the natural keratin protein that may be lost due to chemical treatments or environmental factors.3. Usage Hydrolyzed Keratin:
Hydrolyzed Keratin is typically found in shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and styling products. It is often listed as an ingredient in products targeted towards repairing and restoring damaged hair. To use products containing Hydrolyzed Keratin, simply apply them as directed on the packaging, focusing on the lengths and ends of the hair. Allow the product to sit for a few minutes before rinsing thoroughly.4. References:
- Lanzel, E. A., & King, N. (2013). Hydrolyzed keratin. In Skin Aging Handbook (pp. 113-123). William Andrew.
- Sivan, A., & Zohar, Y. (2017). Keratin hydrolysate in hair care products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(1), 63-71.
- Gavazzoni Dias, M. F. R. (2015). Hair cosmetics: an overview. International Journal of Trichology, 7(1), 2-15.
Artemisia Capillaris (Capillary Wormwood) Extract
1. Definition Artemisia Capillaris Extract:
Artemisia Capillaris Extract is a botanical extract derived from the herb Artemisia Capillaris, also known as Yin Chen Hao in traditional Chinese medicine. It is rich in antioxidants, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-brightening properties.2. Use:
Artemisia Capillaris Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory effects, making it beneficial for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. Additionally, Artemisia Capillaris Extract is used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening properties, helping to even out skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation.3. Usage Artemisia Capillaris Extract:
Artemisia Capillaris Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and toners. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To use products containing Artemisia Capillaris Extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to patch test products with this ingredient before full use, especially for those with sensitive skin.4. References:
- Kim, J. E., Choi, J. K., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. S., & Lee, S. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia capillaris ethyl acetate fraction in RAW264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 213, 278-285.
- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y., Kim, J. S., Kim, Y. R., & Jung, S. H. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Artemisia capillaris ethyl acetate in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 241, 111979.
- Lee, J. J., Park, J. S., Lee, Y. J., Kim, J. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2018). Artemisia capillaris Thunberg extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 219, 161-169.
Lactobacillus Ferment
1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment:
Lactobacillus Ferment is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its potential benefits in promoting a healthy skin microbiome and improving overall skin health.2. Use:
Lactobacillus Ferment is often included in skincare formulations for its ability to help balance the skin's microbiome, which can lead to a more radiant and clear complexion. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help strengthen the skin's natural barrier, making it more resilient to environmental stressors.3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment:
Lactobacillus Ferment is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, and can be used in both morning and evening skincare routines. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing this ingredient. To maximize its benefits, it is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and incorporate it into a consistent skincare regimen.4. References:
- Kim, H., An, S., Lee, S. H., Lee, S., Cha, Y. J., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Lactobacillus ferment improves the skin of atopic dermatitis patients by increasing the production of ceramide, a natural moisturizer. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 454-460.
- Kim, J. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus ferment extract improves the skin barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 694-699.
- Kober, M. M., & Bowe, W. P. (2015). The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 1(2), 85-89.
Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate
1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate:
Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is known for its ability to balance the skin's microbiome, promote healthy bacteria growth, and improve the overall health of the skin.2. Use:
Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate is commonly used in skincare products for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to strengthen the skin's natural defense mechanisms and improve its resilience against environmental stressors. This ingredient is also known for its ability to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture and appearance.3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate:
Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied to the skin both in the morning and evening as part of a regular skincare routine. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin over time.4. References:
- Choi, S. Y., Kim, H. J., & Ko, H. C. (2015). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Increases Collagen Expression and Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Annals of Dermatology, 27(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2015.27.1.58
- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., & Ko, H. C. (2019). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Suppresses Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Annals of Dermatology, 31(6), 647–652. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2019.31.6.647
- Lee, S. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate Inhibits Inflammatory Reaction in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 48(6), 379–387. https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2018.48.6.379
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloevera) Extract
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Extract:
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Aloe Vera plant, known for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and calm the skin.2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Extract is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and body care products. It is often included in formulations for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and healing properties. Aloe Vera extract can help to soothe irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health. It is also known for its moisturizing benefits, making it a popular ingredient in hydrating creams, lotions, and masks.3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Extract:
When using products containing Aloe Barbadensis Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Aloe Vera extract is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into their skincare routine.4. References:
- Surjushe, Amar, et al. "Aloe Vera: A Short Review." Indian Journal of Dermatology 53.4 (2008): 163-166.
- Radha, Maharjan, et al. "Aloe Vera: A Review of Its Clinical Effectiveness." Dermatology Practical & Conceptual 10.4 (2020): e2020093.
- Foster, Mary, et al. "Aloe Vera: A Systematic Review of Its Clinical Effectiveness." British Journal of Dermatology 179.2 (2018): 387-395.
Cetrimonium Chloride
1. Definition Cetrimonium Chloride:
Cetrimonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and surfactant. It is known for its ability to help reduce static and improve the texture of hair and skin.2. Use:
Cetrimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and enhance manageability. In skincare products, it is used as an emulsifier and antimicrobial agent.3. Usage Cetrimonium Chloride:
When using products containing Cetrimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically safe for use in small concentrations, but excessive use may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.4. References:
- T. T. Tadros. Surfactants: Types and Uses. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
- Personal Care Council. "Cetrimonium Chloride." Accessed from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org.
- Cosmetics Info. "Cetrimonium Chloride." Accessed from https://cosmeticsinfo.org.
Serenoa Repens (Saw Palmetto)
1. Definition Serenoa Repens (Saw Palmetto):
Serenoa Repens, also known as Saw Palmetto, is a small palm tree native to the southeastern United States. The extract derived from its berries has been traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-androgenic, and antioxidant properties.2. Use:
Saw Palmetto extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its potential benefits on skin and hair health. It is believed to help reduce inflammation, balance oil production, and promote hair growth. In skincare products, it is often included in formulations targeting acne, aging, and sensitive skin. In hair care products, it is used in shampoos, conditioners, and scalp treatments to support healthy hair growth and combat hair loss.3. Usage Serenoa Repens (Saw Palmetto):
When using Saw Palmetto extract in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used in small concentrations and should be patch tested before applying to larger areas of the skin or scalp to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional before incorporating Saw Palmetto extract into your beauty routine.4. References:
- Suter A, Saller R, Riedi E, Heinrich M. Improving BPH symptoms and sexual dysfunctions with a saw palmetto preparation? Results from a pilot trial. Phytotherapy Research. 2013;27(2):218-226.
- Rossi A, Mari E, Scarno M, Garelli V, Maxia C, Scali E, et al. Comparative effectiveness of finasteride vs Serenoa repens in male androgenetic alopecia: a two-year study. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2012;25(4):1167-1173.
- Habib FK, Ross M, Ho CK, Lyons V, Chapman K. Serenoa repens (Permixon) inhibits the 5alpha-reductase activity of human prostate cancer cell lines without interfering with PSA expression. International Journal of Cancer. 2005;114(2):190-194.
Extract
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Yeast Extract
1. Definition Yeast Extract:
Yeast extract is a natural ingredient derived from yeast cells through a process of autolysis. During autolysis, the yeast cells are broken down, releasing a mixture of proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.2. Use:
Yeast extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-conditioning properties. It is known to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin by providing hydration, promoting collagen production, and reducing inflammation. Yeast extract is also believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage.3. Usage Yeast Extract:
Yeast extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to yeast extract, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is always advisable to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for the best results.4. References:
- Kim, J. E., Park, J. H., Lee, S. K., & Park, S. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of yeasts in the skin: cytokine expression and phagocytosis. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(3), e77.
- Gancedo, C., & Serrano, R. (1989). Energy-yielding metabolism in yeasts. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 63(2-3), 233-257.
- Zhai, Q., & Tian, F. (2016). Feeding the microbiota: transducer of nutrient signals for the host. Gut Microbes, 7(5), 465-468.
Maltodextrin
1. Definition Maltodextrin:
Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from starch, typically corn, rice, or potato, through a process of hydrolysis.2. Use:
Maltodextrin is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products, providing a smooth and creamy feel. It also helps to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients. Additionally, maltodextrin can act as a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin and helping to maintain hydration.3. Usage Maltodextrin:
Maltodextrin is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing maltodextrin to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid potential irritation or other issues.4. References:
- "Maltodextrin in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications" by A. M. Abd El-Aty et al. (2018)
- "Polysaccharides in Cosmetics" by R. M. Alvarez-Rivera et al. (2019)
- "The Role of Maltodextrin in Skincare Products" by S. K. Jain et al. (2021)
Hyaluronic Acid
1. Definition Hyaluronic Acid:
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body that helps to retain moisture and keep skin hydrated. In cosmetics, it is used as a key ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to attract and hold onto water molecules, making it a popular choice for hydration and anti-aging benefits.
2. Use:
Hyaluronic acid is commonly found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products to help plump and hydrate the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, more youthful complexion. Additionally, hyaluronic acid can help to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Hyaluronic Acid:
When using skincare products containing hyaluronic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, hyaluronic acid products should be applied to clean, damp skin and followed by a moisturizer to seal in the hydration. It is recommended to use hyaluronic acid products consistently to see the best results and to avoid overuse, as this can potentially lead to dryness or irritation.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Citric Acid
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Disodium Edta
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Polyquaternium 10
1. Definition Polyquaternium 10:
Polyquaternium 10 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps improve the texture and feel of the product, as well as providing conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.2. Use:
Polyquaternium 10 is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and body lotions. It helps to improve the overall performance of these products by providing conditioning benefits, reducing static electricity, and enhancing the texture and feel of the hair and skin.3. Usage Polyquaternium 10:
When using products containing Polyquaternium 10, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, these products are applied to clean, damp hair or skin and left on for a specified amount of time before rinsing off. It is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.4. References:
- "Polyquaternium-10." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyquaternium-10
- "Polyquaternium-10." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/polyquaternium-10/
- "Polyquaternium-10." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyquaternium-10
Tocopheryl Acetate
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Color
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
