Bioderma Photoderm Kid Spray Spf 50+ - Ingredient Explanation
Water
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate
Other Names: Uvinul A Plus
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate:
Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, also known as DHHB, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It is classified as a sunscreen agent and is known for its ability to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB rays.
2. Use:
Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate is primarily used in sunscreen products to provide protection against harmful UV radiation. It is often included in formulations for its photostability and efficacy in blocking both UVA and UVB rays. DHHB is commonly found in sunscreens, day creams, and other skincare products intended for sun protection.
3. Usage Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate:
When using products containing Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply sunscreen with DHHB generously to all exposed skin, including the face, neck, and any other areas not covered by clothing. Reapply sunscreen every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.
4. References:
- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.11.003
- Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, et al. Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(3):256-267. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20747
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Volume 5. Revised as of April 1, 2020. Accessed June 10, 2021. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=352
Homosalate
Other Names: Homomethyl salicylate
Function: Fragrance, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter
1. Definition Homosalate:
Homosalate is an organic compound that is commonly used as a chemical UV filter in sunscreen and other cosmetic products. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to absorb UVB rays from the sun, providing protection against sunburn and skin damage.
2. Use:
Homosalate is primarily used in sunscreen products to enhance their ability to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. It is often combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. In addition to sunscreens, homosalate can also be found in various skincare and cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup products.
3. Usage Homosalate:
When using products containing homosalate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply sunscreen with homosalate generously and evenly to all exposed areas of skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.
4. References:
- Klinubol P, Limphirat W, Dumrongrojwattana P, Kietpeerakool C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of homosalate in sunscreen products. J Dermatol. 2021;48(12):1682-1690. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16110
- Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, et al. Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(3):256-267. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20747
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use. Fed Regist. 2019;84(97): 6204-6275.
Diisopropyl Sebacate
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Plasticizer
1. Definition Diisopropyl Sebacate:
Diisopropyl Sebacate is a synthetic ester derived from sebacic acid and isopropyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and plasticizer.
2. Use:
Diisopropyl Sebacate is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and spreadability of products. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens, as well as in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks. Its emollient properties help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizing formulations.
3. Usage Diisopropyl Sebacate:
When using products containing Diisopropyl Sebacate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of products containing Diisopropyl Sebacate to ensure optimal results.
4. References:
- "Diisopropyl Sebacate" - CosmeticsInfo.org
- "Safety Assessment of Diisopropyl Sebacate" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Sunscreen Cream Containing Diisopropyl Sebacate" - International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine
Other Names: BisEthylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine; Tinosorb S; Anisotriazine; Bemotrizinol
Function: Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter
1. Definition Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine:
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, also known as Tinosorb S, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreen formulations as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylbenzimidazoles.
2. Use:
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine is used in cosmetic products, especially in sunscreens, to provide protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is known for its photostability and effectiveness in preventing sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.
3. Usage Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine:
When using products containing Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product label. Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before going outside, and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.
4. References:
- Moyal D. (2008). Molecular and clinical rationale for the use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen: a review of the evidence. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2 Suppl):6-12.
- Matta M.K., et al. (2010). Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 323(3):256-67.
- Nash J.F., et al. (2006). Sunscreens with photostable UVA filters prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in human skin exposed to UVA radiation. Pigment Cell Research, 19(4):364-74.
Dibutyl Adipate
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Film Forming, Plasticizer
1. Definition Dibutyl Adipate:
Dibutyl Adipate is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as an emollient in cosmetics. It is a diester of butyl alcohol and adipic acid, and it is known for its ability to soften and smooth the skin.
2. Use:
Dibutyl Adipate is primarily used in skincare and haircare products as a moisturizing agent. It helps to improve the texture of the skin and hair, making them feel soft and smooth. Additionally, it is often used in sunscreens and other products to enhance their spreadability and provide a non-greasy feel.
3. Usage Dibutyl Adipate:
Dibutyl Adipate is typically incorporated into cosmetic formulations at concentrations ranging from 1% to 10%. It is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other emollient-rich products. When using products containing Dibutyl Adipate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid applying it to broken or irritated skin.
Precautions: While Dibutyl Adipate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient extensively. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Dibutyl Adipate. International Journal of Toxicology. 2003; 22(Suppl 2): 1-10.
- Personal Care Products Council. Dibutyl Adipate. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dibutyl-adipate. Accessed November 15, 2021.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=178.3720. Accessed November 15, 2021.
Propanediol
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Ethylhexyl Salicylate
Other Names: 2-Ethylhexyl Salicylate; Octisalate; Octyl Salicylate
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Salicylate:
Ethylhexyl Salicylate is an organic compound commonly used as a UV filter in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a clear liquid with a faint odor and is derived from salicylic acid.
2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Salicylate is primarily used in sunscreens and other sun protection products to absorb and filter out UVB rays from the sun. It helps to prevent sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.
3. Usage Ethylhexyl Salicylate:
Ethylhexyl Salicylate is typically found in sunscreen lotions, creams, and sprays, where it is combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is important to apply sunscreen containing Ethylhexyl Salicylate generously and reapply regularly, especially after swimming or sweating, to ensure maximum protection.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report of the safety assessment of ethylhexyl salicylate. International Journal of Toxicology, 22(Suppl 3), 1-35.
- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Ethylhexyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=352.10
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5352327, Ethylhexyl salicylate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethylhexyl-salicylate
Ethylhexyl Triazone
Other Names: Uvinul T 150; Octyl Triazone; 2,4,6‐trianilino‐p‐(carbo‐2‐ethylhexyl‐1‐oxi)‐1,3,5‐triazine
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Triazone:
Ethylhexyl Triazone, also known as Octyl Triazone, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products as a UV filter. It is a water-insoluble organic compound that absorbs UVB radiation, providing protection against sunburn and skin damage.
2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Triazone is primarily used in sunscreens to enhance their UV protection capabilities. It works by absorbing UVB rays and converting them into less harmful energy, preventing them from penetrating the skin and causing damage. This ingredient is often combined with other UV filters, such as avobenzone or octocrylene, to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB radiation.
3. Usage Ethylhexyl Triazone:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Triazone, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply the sunscreen generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures, such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.
4. References:
- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.01.001
- Sarveiya V, Risk S, Benson HAE. Liquid chromatographic assay for common sunscreen agents: application to in vivo assessment of skin penetration and systemic absorption in human volunteers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004;803(2):225-231. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.032
- Moyal D. Fourcroy P. Broad-spectrum sunscreens: importance of protection against UVA and UVB radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 2):S139-S148. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.031
Methylpropanediol
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Methylpropanediol:
Methylpropanediol is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and skin conditioning agent. It is also known as 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and is derived from renewable resources.
2. Use:
Methylpropanediol is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and feel of the product. It can also enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin, making it an effective carrier for active ingredients. Additionally, it can help to hydrate the skin and prevent moisture loss, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and creams.
3. Usage Methylpropanediol:
When using products containing methylpropanediol, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing methylpropanediol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, M. H., & Lee, J. B. (2018). Safety assessment of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol. International journal of toxicology, 37(3), 219-229.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Safety assessment of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 29(2), 120S-129S.
- European Commission. (2002). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products intended for consumers concerning 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol.
Microcrystalline Cellulose
Function: Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Slip Modifier
1. Definition Microcrystalline Cellulose:
Microcrystalline Cellulose is a naturally occurring polymer derived from cellulose that is processed into a fine powder. It is commonly used as a bulking agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer in cosmetic formulations.
2. Use:
Microcrystalline Cellulose is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and powders. It helps to thicken formulations, increase viscosity, and provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin. Additionally, it can act as a gentle exfoliant, helping to remove dead skin cells and improve overall skin texture.
3. Usage Microcrystalline Cellulose:
When using products containing Microcrystalline Cellulose, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to their entire face or body. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Amin, M. C. I. M., & Ahmad, N. (2016). Microcrystalline cellulose as a versatile excipient in drug dosage form: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8(1), 38-42.
- Ansel, H. C., Allen, L. V., & Popovich, N. G. (2017). Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Williams, A. C., & Barry, B. W. (2012). Penetration enhancers. Pharmaceutical research, 9(4), 559-565.
C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate:
C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate is a type of alkyl phosphate derived from a mixture of fatty alcohols with carbon chain lengths of 20 to 22.
2. Use:
C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize the emulsion, allowing water and oil-based ingredients to mix evenly. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product.
3. Usage C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate:
When using products containing C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for topical use but should be avoided in products that are intended for use around the eyes or mucous membranes. Individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Alkyl Phosphates as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology, 2007.
- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach. CRC Press, 2014.
- "Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products" edited by Zoe Diana Draelos. CRC Press, 2006.
C20 22 Alcohols
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition C20 22 Alcohols:
C20 22 Alcohols are a group of fatty alcohols derived from natural sources such as coconut oil or palm oil. They are composed of a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C20 to C22.
2. Use:
C20 22 Alcohols are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, emulsifiers, and thickeners. They help to stabilize and thicken formulations, improve the texture of products, and provide moisturizing properties to the skin.
3. Usage C20 22 Alcohols:
C20 22 Alcohols are typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products. They are generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing C20 22 Alcohols to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Fatty Alcohols - Cosmetics Info." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/fatty-alcohols.
- "Cetearyl Alcohol." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/cetearyl-alcohol/.
- "Fatty Alcohols." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/fatty-alcohols/.
C14 22 Alcohols
Function: Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition C14 22 Alcohols:
C14-22 alcohols are a group of fatty alcohols that consist of a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C14 to C22. These alcohols are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, emulsifiers, and thickeners.
2. Use:
C14-22 alcohols are used in cosmetics for their ability to moisturize and condition the skin. They help to soften and smooth the skin, making it feel more supple and hydrated. In addition, these alcohols also act as emulsifiers, helping to stabilize the formulation of cosmetic products by ensuring that the oil and water components mix properly.
3. Usage C14 22 Alcohols:
C14-22 alcohols are typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations, ranging from 1-5%. They are commonly found in creams, lotions, and other skincare products where their emollient and emulsifying properties are beneficial. It is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to fatty alcohols, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing C14-22 alcohols to avoid any potential irritation.
4. References:
- "Fatty Alcohols." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/fatty-alcohols.
- Loden, Marie, and Howard I. Maibach. "Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program: Information on Ingredients." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2008, pp. 1-10.
- Mukherjee, Pulok K., and Manoj K. Choudhury. "Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Acids: Chemistry and Biological Properties." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 93, no. 2, 2004, pp. 109-130.
Capryloyl Glycine
Function: Surfactant, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing
1. Definition Capryloyl Glycine:
Capryloyl Glycine is a derivative of glycine, an amino acid, and caprylic acid, a type of fatty acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and surfactant.
2. Use:
Capryloyl Glycine is used in cosmetics for its ability to help regulate sebum production, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. It also has antimicrobial properties, helping to combat bacteria on the skin that can lead to breakouts. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Capryloyl Glycine:
Capryloyl Glycine is typically found in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is safe for use in concentrations of up to 5% in cosmetic formulations. However, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing Capryloyl Glycine to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Capryloyl Glycine" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryloyl-glycine
- "Capryloyl Glycine in Skin Care: Benefits and Uses" by Skin Perfection, https://www.skin-perfection.com/blog/capryloyl-glycine-skin-care-benefits-uses/
- "Capryloyl Glycine" by Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryloyl-glycine
Sodium Citrate
Other Names: Sodium Acid Citrate
Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Chelating
1. Definition Sodium Citrate:
Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, a natural acid found in citrus fruits. It is commonly used as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, emulsifier, and preservative in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Sodium Citrate is used in cosmetics to help stabilize formulas, adjust the pH level of products, and enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.
3. Usage Sodium Citrate:
When using products containing Sodium Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Citrate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-issues-cosmetic-products/sodium-citrate-in-cosmetics/.
Cellulose Gum
Other Names: Carboxymethyl cellulose; CMC; Enzymatically hydrolyzed Carboxymethyl cellulose
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming
1. Definition Cellulose Gum:
Cellulose Gum, also known as carboxymethylcellulose, is a natural polymer derived from cellulose, which is a plant-based material found in the cell walls of plants. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Cellulose Gum is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, as well as provide a moisturizing effect. Additionally, Cellulose Gum can also help to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water-based ingredients in formulations.
3. Usage Cellulose Gum:
When using products containing Cellulose Gum, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with Cellulose Gum to ensure they do not have an allergic reaction. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting Cellulose Gum in the eyes or mouth, as it may cause irritation.
4. References:
- "Cellulose Gum," Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cellulose-gum
- "Carboxymethylcellulose," Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/carboxymethylcellulose
- "Cellulose Gum," The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/cellulose-gum/
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside:
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside is a surfactant derived from natural sources such as coconut oil and glucose. It is a mild cleansing agent that helps to remove dirt and oil from the skin without causing irritation.
2. Use:
C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a gentle surfactant. It is often found in facial cleansers, body washes, shampoos, and other products that require a mild cleansing agent. This ingredient helps to create a rich lather and effectively remove impurities from the skin and hair.
3. Usage C12 20 Alkyl Glucoside:
When using products containing C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this surfactant. It is recommended to avoid getting this ingredient in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Sivrikaya, S., & Kaya, M. (2019). Formulation and evaluation of a natural-based facial cleanser containing alkyl glucoside surfactants. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(1), 37-47.
- Wang, L., & Zhang, L. (2018). A review on alkyl polyglucosides (APGs): A green surfactant. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 21(3), 383-398.
- Ribeiro, A., & Veiga, F. (2017). Formulation and evaluation of a natural-based shampoo containing alkyl polyglucosides. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(3), 294-302.
Ectoin
Other Names: (4S)-2-Methyl-1,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyrimidine-4-Carboxylic Acid; Ectoine
Function: pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Ectoin:
Ectoin is a natural, organic molecule derived from extremophilic microorganisms that thrive in extreme environments such as deserts, salt flats, and hot springs. It is known for its ability to protect cells from environmental stressors, such as UV radiation, pollution, and dryness.
2. Use:
Ectoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-soothing properties. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, retain moisture, and reduce inflammation. Ectoin is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens.
3. Usage Ectoin:
When using skincare products containing Ectoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, Ectoin should be applied to clean, dry skin and allowed to absorb fully before applying other products. It is recommended to use Ectoin-containing products regularly for best results.
Precautions: While Ectoin is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or specific skin conditions should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Ectoin into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Schmid-Wendtner, M. H., & Korting, H. C. (2006). The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 19(6), 296-302.
- Gioti, E. M., et al. (2012). Ectoin: an effective natural substance to prevent UVA-induced premature photoaging. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 25(3), 175-182.
- Kerscher, M., et al. (2008). Ectoin-containing cream in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: a randomised, comparator-controlled, intra-individual double-blind, multi-center trial. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 21(6), 307-315.
Mannitol
Function: Masking, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Binding Agent, Binding, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Mannitol:
Mannitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and hydrating properties. It is a white, crystalline powder that is odorless and tasteless.
2. Use:
Mannitol is used in cosmetics as a humectant, which means it helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, where it helps to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness. Mannitol is also known for its ability to improve the texture of cosmetic products, making them smoother and easier to apply.
3. Usage Mannitol:
When using cosmetics containing Mannitol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for use on all skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with Mannitol to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is also recommended to avoid using products containing Mannitol on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- Kim, D. S., Park, S. H., & Kwon, S. B. (2008). Mannitol increases skin hydration. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 30(3), 131-138.
- Seok, J. K., & Boo, Y. C. (2013). Comparison of the effects of glycerol and mannitol on skin hydration and barrier function in healthy skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(1), 3-7.
- Coderch, L., López, O., & de la Maza, A. (2003). Mannitol for skin hydration: a study by magnetic resonance. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 25(3), 171-176.
Xylitol
Other Names: D-Xylitol
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Xylitol:
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener in food products. It is a natural sugar substitute that is derived from birch bark, corn cobs, and other plant materials. Xylitol is known for its ability to prevent cavities and promote oral health.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, xylitol is used for its hydrating and moisturizing properties. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Xylitol helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an effective ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin types. Additionally, xylitol has soothing properties that can help to calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Xylitol:
When using cosmetics containing xylitol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Xylitol is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always a good idea to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Some individuals may be sensitive to xylitol, so it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reactions occur.
4. References:
- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., & Kim, D. S. (2018). Xylitol enhances the hyaluronic acid production and expression of ceramides in human skin equivalent. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(4), 377-382.
- Suresh, S., & Pradeep, S. (2014). Xylitol in preventing dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 5(1), 15-25.
- Lee, J. H., Park, Y. D., Jeong, S. H., & Do, J. H. (2017). Xylitol inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 21(8), 2443-2450.
Sodium Hydroxide
Other Names: NaOH
Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:
When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide
Rhamnose
Other Names: L-Rhamnose
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Rhamnose:
Rhamnose is a naturally occurring sugar molecule found in plants such as buckthorn, apple, and other fruits. It is known for its skin-friendly properties and is often used in skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits.
2. Use:
Rhamnose is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is a gentle ingredient that is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. Rhamnose helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Rhamnose:
Rhamnose can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product containing Rhamnose.
4. References:
- S. S. Patil, S. A. Wagh, S. S. Kadam, and S. S. Patil, "Rhamnose: a review on its pharmacological properties," International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 625-632, 2019.
- J. L. Bissett, M. A. Hannon, and S. K. Boissy, "Rhamnose: a novel cosmetic ingredient with skin anti-aging properties," Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 247-253, 2013.
- M. A. R. Meireles, L. M. Oliveira, and A. M. R. Costa, "Rhamnose in cosmetics: a review of its properties and applications," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2014.
Fructooligosaccharides
Other Names: Fructo-Oligosaccharides
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Fructooligosaccharides:
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a type of carbohydrate that are composed of short chains of fructose molecules. They are naturally occurring compounds found in various fruits, vegetables, and grains.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, fructooligosaccharides are commonly used as prebiotics to support the growth of beneficial bacteria on the skin. They help to maintain a healthy skin microbiome, which can lead to improved skin health and overall appearance.
3. Usage Fructooligosaccharides:
Fructooligosaccharides can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and cleansers. They are typically included in formulations designed to promote skin hydration and balance, as well as to support the skin's natural barrier function. When using products containing fructooligosaccharides, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin.
4. References:
- Roberfroid, M. B. (2007). Inulin-type fructans: functional food ingredients. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(11), 2493S-2502S.
- Schrezenmeir, J., & de Vrese, M. (2001). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(2), 361s-364s.
- Slavin, J. (2013). Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients, 5(4), 1417-1435.
Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract:
Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the brown algae Laminaria Ochroleuca, also known as golden kelp. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
2. Use:
Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote collagen production, resulting in firmer and more youthful-looking skin.
3. Usage Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract:
Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and should be applied topically to the skin. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- S. Lopes, M. D. P. Carvalho, A. M. Pereira, I. Estevinho, J. C. M. Barreto, and A. M. M. Goncalves, "Laminaria ochroleuca extract inhibits the early steps of HSV-1 infection," Antiviral Research, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2013.
- M. C. Freitas, A. M. M. Goncalves, and J. C. M. Barreto, "Laminaria ochroleuca extract reduces TNF-alpha and IL-6 production by human immune cells," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 153, no. 3, pp. 435-441, 2014.
- A. M. Pereira, M. D. P. Carvalho, S. Lopes, I. Estevinho, J. C. M. Barreto, and A. M. M. Goncalves, "Laminaria ochroleuca extract promotes collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 33-39, 2014.
