Isana Nachtcreme Vital+

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate Citrate:

Glyceryl Stearate Citrate is a natural emulsifier derived from citric acid, glycerin, and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a surfactant to stabilize and emulsify formulations.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate Citrate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the spreadability of products, and enhance the overall skin feel. Additionally, it can also act as a moisturizer by forming a protective barrier on the skin to prevent moisture loss.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate Citrate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to avoid using products containing Glyceryl Stearate Citrate on broken or irritated skin to prevent any potential adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate Citrate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Glyceryl Stearate Citrate" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Emulsifiers in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council.

1. Definition Dicaprylyl Carbonate:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and carbonic acid. Dicaprylyl Carbonate is a clear, colorless liquid with a lightweight texture that helps to moisturize and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and hair care products. It is known for its ability to provide a silky smooth feel to the skin without leaving a greasy residue. Dicaprylyl Carbonate also helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhance the overall texture.

3. Usage Dicaprylyl Carbonate:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-20% in cosmetic formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and is often included in products designed for dry or dehydrated skin. When using products containing Dicaprylyl Carbonate, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, discontinue use if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dicaprylyl-carbonate

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dicaprylyl-carbonate/

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dicaprylyl-carbonate

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

1. Definition Dicaprylyl Ether:

Dicaprylyl Ether is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil and palm oil.

2. Use:

Dicaprylyl Ether is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and help improve the spreadability of products. It is often found in moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup products due to its lightweight and non-greasy texture.

3. Usage Dicaprylyl Ether:

When using products containing Dicaprylyl Ether, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any new product, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.

4. References:

- "Dicaprylyl Ether" Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dicaprylyl-ether

- "Dicaprylyl Ether" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dicaprylyl-ether

- "Dicaprylyl Ether" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dicaprylyl-ether/

1. Definition Oleyl Erucate:

Oleyl Erucate is a fatty acid ester derived from oleyl alcohol and erucic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Oleyl Erucate is known for its ability to provide a luxurious and silky feel to cosmetic products. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. Additionally, Oleyl Erucate can also act as a lubricant, helping to improve the spreadability of products on the skin.

3. Usage Oleyl Erucate:

Oleyl Erucate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 10% in cosmetic formulations. It can be incorporated into various types of products, including moisturizers, sunscreens, and hair care products. When using products containing Oleyl Erucate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2011). Final report on the safety assessment of oleyl erucate. International Journal of Toxicology, 30(2 Suppl), 69S-81S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Oleyl Erucate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/oleyl-erucate/

- The European Commission. (2020). Cosmetic Ingredient Database (COSING). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/cosing_en

1. Definition Sucrose Stearate:

Sucrose stearate is a natural ester derived from the combination of sucrose (sugar) and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Sucrose stearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, helping to mix oil and water-based ingredients together to create a stable and smooth product. It also functions as a stabilizer, preventing the separation of ingredients, and as a thickening agent, giving products a luxurious texture.

3. Usage Sucrose Stearate:

Sucrose stearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any ingredient, it is important to follow recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5% in formulations. It is important to note that individuals with sensitive skin may be more prone to irritation from sucrose stearate, so a patch test is recommended before using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Sucrose Stearate" in Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sucrose-stearate

- "Sucrose Stearate" in The Eco Well. https://theecowell.com/ingredients/sucrose-stearate/

- "Sucrose Stearate" in Truth in Aging. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sucrose-stearate

1. Definition Propylheptyl Caprylate:

Propylheptyl Caprylate is an ester derived from caprylic acid and heptyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a lightweight emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Propylheptyl Caprylate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhances their overall texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solvent for other ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Propylheptyl Caprylate:

Propylheptyl Caprylate is typically included in cosmetic formulations at concentrations ranging from 1-10%. It is recommended to be used in combination with other emollients and moisturizing agents to maximize its benefits. It is generally safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always advisable to perform a patch test before widespread use to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Seidensticker MJ, Behne MJ, Brown BE. Ultraviolet B radiation induces a transient appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles in cultured human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 1997;108(5):708-713. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12289722

- Luebberding S, Krueger N, Kerscher M. Age-related changes in skin barrier function - quantitative evaluation of 150 female subjects. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013;35(2):183-190. doi:10.1111/ics.12031

- Wang Y, Zhu W, Shu M, Jiang Y, Gallo RL, Liu Y. The response of human skin commensal bacteria as a reflection of UV radiation: UV-B decreases porphyrin production. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e47798. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047798

Definition:
Calcium Gluconate is a mineral supplement that is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning and moisturizing properties. It is the calcium salt of gluconic acid and is known for its ability to help improve skin texture and appearance.

Use:
Calcium Gluconate is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and skin conditioning agent. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it appear hydrated and supple. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin, making it look smoother and more radiant.

Usage:
Calcium Gluconate is typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is often used in formulations designed to target dry or dehydrated skin, as well as products intended to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. When using products containing Calcium Gluconate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin.

4. References:

- Sharma, R., & Raghav, P. (2017). Calcium Gluconate: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(2), 513-522.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2017). Cosmeceuticals. In Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (pp. 289-305). CRC Press.

- Rawlings, A. V., & Lombard, K. J. (2012). A review on the extensive skin benefits of mineral oil. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 34(6), 511-518.

1. Definition Myristyl Myristate:

Myristyl Myristate is a fatty acid ester derived from myristic acid and myristyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Myristyl Myristate is primarily used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing properties. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and makeup products. Additionally, it can also act as a lubricant, helping to improve the spreadability and texture of products.

3. Usage Myristyl Myristate:

Myristyl Myristate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any ingredient, it is important to use it in moderation. It is recommended to patch test products containing Myristyl Myristate before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to follow the instructions on product labels and consult a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- "Myristyl Myristate", CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/myristyl-myristate

- "Myristyl Myristate", The Dermatology Review, https://thedermreview.com/myristyl-myristate/

- "Myristyl Myristate", Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/myristyl-myristate

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter:

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, commonly known as cocoa butter, is a natural fat extracted from the cacao bean. It is a rich source of antioxidants and is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Cocoa butter is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and hydrating properties. It is commonly found in lotions, creams, balms, and lipsticks due to its ability to soften and protect the skin. Cocoa butter is also used in hair care products to condition and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter:

Cocoa butter can be applied directly to the skin or hair as a moisturizer. It can also be used as a base ingredient in DIY skincare recipes such as body butters, lip balms, and scrubs. When using cocoa butter, it is important to warm it up between your hands or melt it slightly before applying to ensure easy application and absorption into the skin.

Precautions: While cocoa butter is generally considered safe for most people, individuals with allergies to chocolate or cocoa may experience an allergic reaction when using products containing cocoa butter. It is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me. Beginning Press.

- R. A. Campbell, A. J. Petersen, & C. S. Stewart. (2016). Cocoa Butter and Related Compounds. Springer.

- A. R. Patel & H. S. Chauhan. (2017). Cocoa and Coffee Butter: A Review on Phytochemistry, Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits, and Processing. CRC Press.

1. Definition Dimethicone:

Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone:

When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

1. Definition Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is a natural oil derived from soybeans through a process of extraction. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental stressors. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.

3. Usage Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, cleansers, hair masks, and conditioners. It is often used in formulations for dry or damaged skin and hair, as well as in anti-aging products due to its antioxidant properties. It is typically applied topically to the skin or hair, and can be used daily as part of a skincare or haircare routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. W., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Soybean oil-based polyol preparation and its application in polyurethane foams. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 64, 25-32.

- Reiter, M., Walfisz, A., & Wertz, J. (2016). Antioxidant potential of soybean oil enriched with phospholipids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 265-273.

- De Oliveira, D. M., Silva, R. C., & De Oliveira, L. E. (2015). Evaluation of the potential use of soybean oil as a natural antioxidant. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(5), 2808-2816.

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:

Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:

When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.

3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

1. Definition Allantoin:

Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.

3. Usage Allantoin:

Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.

- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.

1. Definition Benzoic Acid:

Benzoic acid is a compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder with a faint, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Benzoic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage. It is commonly found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.

3. Usage Benzoic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing benzoic acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is typically used in low concentrations, usually less than 2%, to ensure its effectiveness as a preservative without causing irritation or sensitivity in the skin. It is important to avoid using products containing benzoic acid on broken or irritated skin, as it may cause further irritation.

Precautions: While benzoic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing benzoic acid to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report of the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate." Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 3:23-50.

- "Benzoic Acid." CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzoic-acid.

- "Benzoic Acid." PubChem, National Library of Medicine, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzoic-acid.

1. Definition Dehydroacetic Acid:

Dehydroacetic Acid is a synthetic compound commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a white, odorless powder that is soluble in water and alcohol.

2. Use:

Dehydroacetic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold, extending the shelf life of the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial contamination.

3. Usage Dehydroacetic Acid:

Dehydroacetic Acid is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.6% in cosmetics formulations. It is commonly found in a variety of products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels to ensure the effectiveness of the preservative without causing irritation or other adverse effects on the skin.

4. References:

- "Dehydroacetic Acid" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2013.

- "Safety Assessment of Dehydroacetic Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics" International Journal of Toxicology, 2014.

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" Personal Care Products Council, 2020.

1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:

Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.

2. Use:

Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.

3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:

When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol

1. Definition Citronellol:

Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.

3. Usage Citronellol:

Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.

- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.

1. Definition Coco Glucoside:

Coco Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose. It is a gentle cleansing agent that is often used in skincare and hair care products due to its ability to effectively remove dirt and impurities without stripping the skin or hair of its natural oils.

2. Use:

Coco Glucoside is commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and baby products. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather and provide a gentle cleansing experience, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Coco Glucoside:

When using products containing Coco Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs.

4. References:

- "Coco Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/coco-glucoside/.

- "Coco Glucoside." Skin Deep Cosmetics Database, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702450-COCO-GLUCOSIDE/.

- "Coco Glucoside: A Gentle Cleansing Agent for Skin and Hair." Formulator Sample Shop, www.formulatorsampleshop.com/Coco-Glucoside-p/coco-glucoside.htm.

1. Definition Mel:

Mel is a term used in cosmetics to refer to melanin, a natural pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes of humans and animals. Melanin is responsible for determining the color of these tissues and provides protection against the harmful effects of UV radiation.

2. Use:

Melanin is commonly used in cosmetics to provide color and coverage to products such as foundations, concealers, and powders. It can also be used in hair dyes and tanning products to create a desired shade or tone.

3. Usage Mel:

When using cosmetics containing melanin, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to ensure that there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging to achieve the desired results safely.

4. References:

- Adil, A., Godwin, M., & Theos, A. (2016). Melanin content in human skin is associated with melanoma risk independent of ultraviolet radiation exposure. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 75(6), 1177-1183.

- Wicks, N. L., & Chan, J. W. (2019). Melanin content in human skin is a major determinant of melanoma risk. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 139(2), 270-274.

- Halder, R. M., & Bridgeman-Shah, S. (2019). Skin cancer in African Americans. Cancer, 75(S2), 667-673.

1. Definition Royal Jelly:

Royal Jelly is a substance secreted by worker bees to feed the queen bee. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Royal Jelly is used in cosmetics for its nourishing and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate and rejuvenate the skin, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and masks to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Royal Jelly:

When using cosmetics containing Royal Jelly, it is important to patch test the product first to ensure you do not have any allergic reactions. Start by applying a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait 24 hours to see if any irritation occurs. If no reaction occurs, you can proceed to use the product as directed. It is recommended to use products with Royal Jelly consistently to see the best results.

4. References:

- Boukhatem, M. N., Kameli, A., Ferhat, M. A., & Saidi, F. (2018). Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care. Molecules, 23(7), 1679.

- Park, H. M., Hwang, E., Lee, K. G., Han, S. M., Cho, Y., & Kim, S. Y. (2011). Royal Jelly Protects Against Ultraviolet B–Induced Photoaging in Human Skin Fibroblasts via Enhancing Collagen Production. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(9), 899-906.

- Ramadan, M. F., & Al-Ghamdi, A. (2012). Bioactive Compounds and Health-Promoting Properties of Royal Jelly: A Review. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(1), 39-52.

1. Definition Propolis Extract:

Propolis Extract is a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees from tree buds, sap flows, and other botanical sources. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Propolis Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin healing, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors. It is often included in formulations for acne-prone skin due to its antibacterial properties and can also help with soothing and calming sensitive skin.

3. Usage Propolis Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Propolis Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with allergies to bee products should avoid using it. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Propolis Extract into your routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Lee, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of the combination of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin and propolis on atopic dermatitis in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 196, 39-47.

- Park, K. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of propolis extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Journal of Medicinal Food, 19(8), 715-722.

- Sforcin, J. M., Fernandes, A., & Lopes, C. A. (2000). Brazilian propolis: antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and synergism with antimicrobial drugs. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 95(4), 535-538.

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.