Rodan + Fields Recharge Protect + Blur Broad Spectrum SPF 30 Sunscreen - Ingredient Explanation
Titanium Dioxide
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
Zinc Oxide
Other Names: microfine Zinc Oxide; CI 77947
Function: Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Zinc Oxide:
Zinc Oxide is a mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and protective properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often included in sunscreen, skincare products, and makeup formulations.
2. Use:
Zinc Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. It acts as a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting and scattering the harmful rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage. In addition to its sun protection benefits, Zinc Oxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Zinc Oxide:
When using cosmetics containing Zinc Oxide, it is important to apply the product evenly and generously to ensure adequate protection from the sun. Reapplication is recommended every two hours, especially when spending extended periods of time outdoors or in direct sunlight. It is also important to note that Zinc Oxide can leave a white cast on the skin, so it may be necessary to blend the product well or choose a formulation that is tinted to match your skin tone.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). CRC Press.
- Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2007). Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(3), 489-496.
- Nasir, A., Kalam, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, K. (2019). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Materials Science, 54(2), 1016-1042.
Isododecane
Other Names: 2-Methylundecane
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Emollient
1. Definition Isododecane:
Isododecane is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent and emollient. It is a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum and is often found in products such as foundations, primers, and lipsticks.
2. Use:
Isododecane is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to help products spread easily on the skin and provide a smooth, silky feel. It is also known for its quick-drying properties, making it a popular ingredient in long-wearing makeup products that require a matte finish.
3. Usage Isododecane:
When using products containing Isododecane, it is important to be cautious as it can be irritating to the skin and eyes. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs. Additionally, Isododecane is highly flammable, so it should be kept away from heat sources and open flames.
4. References:
- Lodep, N., & Decker, C. (2017). Isododecane in cosmetics: a review of its use, safety, and potential health risks. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 153-162.
- Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2018). The role of Isododecane in modern cosmetics formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(2), 89-97.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2019). Safety assessment of Isododecane in cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Isododecane.pdf
Cyclopentasiloxane
Other Names: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; Cyclopenasiloxane; BRB CM 50
Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.
2. Use:
Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.
3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:
When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.
- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.
- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.
Dimethicone Crosspolymer
Other Names: Dimethicone Crosspolymer-3
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant, Viscosity Increasingagent - Nonaqueous
1. Definition Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent. It is created by cross-linking dimethicone molecules to form a three-dimensional network, which gives it a unique texture and performance properties.
2. Use:
Dimethicone Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations to improve the texture and spreadability of products, enhance their longevity on the skin or hair, and provide a smooth, silky feel. Dimethicone Crosspolymer can also help to control shine, blur imperfections, and create a soft-focus effect on the skin.
3. Usage Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to silicone-based ingredients may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer on a larger area of the skin. Additionally, some individuals may find that products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer can be difficult to remove with water alone, so using a gentle cleanser or makeup remover may be necessary.
4. References:
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation. (2015). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.loreal.com/
- Personal Care Council. (2021). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (2021). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/
Calcium Sodium Borosilicate
Function: Bulking Agent
1. Definition Calcium Sodium Borosilicate:
Calcium Sodium Borosilicate is a synthetic inorganic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent and opacifying agent. It is a type of glass powder that is created by combining calcium, sodium, boron, and silica.
2. Use:
Calcium Sodium Borosilicate is used in cosmetics to add shimmer, shine, and sparkle to products such as eyeshadows, lip glosses, and highlighters. It is often included in formulations to create a luminous and reflective effect on the skin, giving a radiant and glamorous finish.
3. Usage Calcium Sodium Borosilicate:
When using cosmetics containing Calcium Sodium Borosilicate, it is important to take precautions to avoid irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products to the entire face or body, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, and discontinue use if any redness, itching, or discomfort occurs.
4. References:
- "Calcium Sodium Borosilicate" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/calcium-sodium-borosilicate
- "Ingredient Watch List: Calcium Sodium Borosilicate, the Shimmering Synthetic Substance" The Fashion Spot, www.thefashionspot.com/beauty/763839-calcium-sodium-borosilicate/
- "Calcium Sodium Borosilicate" Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/calcium-sodium-borosilicate
Butyloctyl Salicylate
Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Butyloctyl Salicylate:
Butyloctyl Salicylate is an ester derived from salicylic acid and butyloctyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a sunscreen agent and emollient.
2. Use:
Butyloctyl Salicylate is primarily used in sunscreens and skincare products as a UV filter. It helps to absorb and reflect UV radiation, protecting the skin from sun damage and premature aging. Additionally, it is used as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and moisturized.
3. Usage Butyloctyl Salicylate:
Butyloctyl Salicylate is typically found in sunscreen lotions, creams, and sprays, as well as in various skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging treatments. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure proper protection from the sun and optimal skin benefits. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butyloctyl Salicylate to check for any potential allergic reactions or skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2010). Safety Assessment of Butyloctyl Salicylate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/butyloctyl%20salicylate.pdf
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butyloctyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butyloctyl-salicylate
- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Butyloctyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butyloctyl-salicylate
Jojoba Esters
Other Names: Jojoba ester
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Soothing, Moisturising
1. Definition Jojoba Esters:
Jojoba esters are derived from jojoba oil, which is extracted from the seeds of the jojoba plant. They are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, skin conditioners, and moisturizers.
2. Use:
Jojoba esters are known for their ability to mimic the natural oils produced by the skin, making them an excellent ingredient for skincare products. They help to hydrate and nourish the skin, leaving it soft and smooth. Jojoba esters are also non-comedogenic, meaning they do not clog pores, making them suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Jojoba Esters:
Jojoba esters can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. They are typically used in small concentrations, as they are highly effective at moisturizing the skin. When using products containing jojoba esters, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Guo, R., & Huang, L. (2013). Nanotechnology-based cosmeceuticals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
- Ranzato, E., Martinotti, S., & Burlando, B. (2011). Wound healing properties of jojoba liquid wax: an in vitro study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(2), 443-449.
- Meier, L., & Stange, R. (2008). The jojoba plant and its liquid wax. Industrial Crops and Products, 28(2), 241-253.
Dimethicone
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Water
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Hexyl Laurate
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Hexyl Laurate:
Hexyl Laurate is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.
2. Use:
Hexyl Laurate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide a smooth, soft texture and improve the spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate and moisturize the skin, leaving it feeling soft and supple.
3. Usage Hexyl Laurate:
Hexyl Laurate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before widespread use to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to store products containing Hexyl Laurate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and efficacy.
4. References:
- "Hexyl Laurate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/hexyl-laurate/.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Hexyl Laurate, Hexyl Palmitate, Hexyl Myristate, Hexyl Stearate, and Hexyl Oleate." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 27, no. 3, 2008, pp. 1-19.
- "Hexyl Laurate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hexyl-laurate.
Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Binding, Film Forming, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer:
Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer is a synthetic polymer derived from a combination of acrylates and dimethicone. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and viscosity increasing agent.
2. Use:
Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It is often found in products such as foundation, primer, sunscreen, and hair styling products. This copolymer helps to improve the texture and spreadability of the product, as well as providing a long-lasting and waterproof film on the skin or hair.
3. Usage Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer:
When using products containing Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this copolymer to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Lodea, A., Pop, C., & Ganea, C. (2016). Acrylates Copolymer in Cosmetics. Revista de Chimie, 67(5), 897-901.
- Sienkiewicz, M., & Wawrzyńczak, A. (2018). Dimethicone Copolymer in Cosmetics. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 17(3), 269-276.
- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2008). Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer: A Review of its Use in Cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 58(1), 1-6.
Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract
Other Names: Blueberry Fruit Extract; Vaccinium Angustifolium Fruit Extract
1. Definition Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:
Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract is a natural extract derived from the blueberry fruit, which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, anti-aging, and moisturizing benefits.
2. Use:
Blueberry fruit extract is used in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks to help improve the overall appearance and health of the skin. It is often included in formulations targeting dullness, fine lines, and dryness, as it can help to nourish and protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Vaccinium Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract:
Blueberry fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide antioxidant protection and improve the overall effectiveness of the product. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products containing blueberry fruit extract.
4. References:
- Lee, J., & Finn, C. E. (2007). Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and European elderberry (S. nigra) cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87(14), 2665-2675.
- Basu, A., Rhone, M., & Lyons, T. J. (2010). Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutrition reviews, 68(3), 168-177.
- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S. J., Das, D. K., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. A., ... & Pruess, H. G. (2000). Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology, 148(2-3), 187-197.
Carnosine
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Carnosine:
Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is found in high concentrations in muscle tissues and the brain and is known for its antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Carnosine is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging benefits. It helps to protect the skin from free radicals and oxidative stress, which can lead to premature aging. Carnosine also has anti-inflammatory properties and can help improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Carnosine:
Carnosine is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is recommended to use products containing Carnosine consistently to see the best results. However, it is important to note that Carnosine may not be suitable for individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to any of its components.
4. References:
- Niedzwiecki, A., & Rath, M. (2012). Carnosine: The protective, anti-aging peptide. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, 6(1), 63-68.
- Babizhayev, M. A., & Yegorov, Y. E. (2012). Advanced drug delivery of N-acetylcarnosine (N-acetyl-beta-alanyl-L-histidine), carcinine (beta-alanylhistamine) and L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) in targeting peptide compounds as pharmacological strategies for human ocular anterior and posterior segment drug delivery. Drug Development Research, 73(4), 143-169.
- Hipkiss, A. R. (2009). Carnosine and its possible roles in nutrition and health. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 57, 87-154.
Sclareolide
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Sclareolide:
Sclareolide is a natural compound derived from the clary sage plant (Salvia sclarea) that is commonly used in cosmetics for its pleasant fragrance and potential skin benefits.
2. Use:
Sclareolide is often used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, woody, and amber-like scent. It is also believed to have skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice for skincare products.
3. Usage Sclareolide:
Sclareolide can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and serums. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide a subtle scent and potential skin benefits. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Sclareolide.
4. References:
- Pichette, A., & Legault, J. (2008). Composition and antibacterial activity of Abies balsamea essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 22(3), 279-283.
- Yang, Z., & Yang, L. (2018). Identification of volatile compounds in different parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Natural Product Research, 32(17), 2028-2031.
- Rehman, J., et al. (2016). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of Salvia sclarea. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5(5), 146-150.
Zinc Pca
Other Names: Zinc Complex L-PCA; Zn PCA; Zinc L-2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Zinc Pca:
Zinc Pca (Zinc Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid) is a compound that combines Zinc with L-Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and sebum-regulating properties.
2. Use:
Zinc Pca is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is known for its ability to help control excess oil production, reduce acne and blemishes, and soothe irritated skin. Zinc Pca is also used in hair care products to help regulate sebum production on the scalp and promote a healthy scalp environment.
3. Usage Zinc Pca:
When using products containing Zinc Pca, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to their face or body. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of Zinc Pca and gradually increase the usage if needed. Overuse of products with Zinc Pca may cause dryness or irritation, so it is important to monitor how your skin reacts to the ingredient.
4. References:
- Draelos ZD. Essential fatty acids in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(6): 669-673.
- Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Rafiee E, Mehrabian A, Feily A. Skin wound healing and phytomedicine: a review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(6):303-310.
- Brandt S. The clinical effects of zinc as a topical or oral agent on the clinical response and pathophysiologic mechanisms of inflammatory acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(5):542-545.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Silica
Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.
2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.
4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Sufactant, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer:
Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer is a silicone-based copolymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a crosslinked polymer of dimethicone and polyglycerin-3, which helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations such as lotions, creams, serums, and foundations to provide a smooth and silky texture, as well as to enhance the spreadability of the product on the skin.
3. Usage Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to silicone-based ingredients may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes or mucous membranes.
4. References:
- "Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer." Cosmeticsinfo.org. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dimethicone-polyglycerin-3-crosspolymer
- "Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer." The Derm Review. https://www.thedermreview.com/dimethicone-polyglycerin-3-crosspolymer/
- "Dimethicone/Polyglycerin 3 Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dimethicone-polyglycerin-3-crosspolymer
Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate:
Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from isostearic acid and polyglycerin-4. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, helping to mix together ingredients that would normally separate. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and oil. Additionally, it has skin conditioning properties, leaving the skin feeling smooth and hydrated.
3. Usage Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate:
Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate is typically found in various skincare products such as lotions, creams, and cleansers. It is safe to use in concentrations of up to 10% in cosmetic formulations. However, it is important to patch test products containing this ingredient before full use, as some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-4-isostearate
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredients-dictionary/polyglyceryl-4-isostearate/
- Truth in Aging. (2018). Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-4-isostearate
Peg 10 Dimethicone
Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Peg 10 Dimethicone:
Peg 10 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is created by attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to dimethicone, a type of silicone oil. This modification helps to make the dimethicone more water-soluble and easier to incorporate into various formulations.
2. Use:
Peg 10 Dimethicone is a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products. It is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, as well as in hair care products like conditioners and styling products. Peg 10 Dimethicone is valued for its ability to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and hair, as well as its ability to help products spread easily and evenly.
3. Usage Peg 10 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Peg 10 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. While Peg 10 Dimethicone is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product containing Peg 10 Dimethicone and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Peg-10 Dimethicone." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-10-dimethicone.
- Smith, Sarah. "The Benefits of Dimethicone in Skin Care." Dermstore, 20 Sept. 2019, www.dermstore.com/blog/dimethicone-in-skin-care/.
- "Silicones in Cosmetics." Personal Care Products Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/silicones-in-cosmetics/.
Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone
Other Names: ABIL EM90
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone:
Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone is a silicone-based emollient and skin conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a mixture of cetyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol (PPG), and dimethicone.
2. Use:
Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone is used in cosmetics as a moisturizer and skin conditioning agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, providing a silky and luxurious feel to the product. It is often found in lotions, creams, serums, and other skincare products.
3. Usage Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to silicone-based ingredients. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, avoid getting the product in your eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-pegppg-101-dimethicone.
- "Dimethicone." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/silicones/dimethicone.html.
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and Ingredients that Contain PEGs." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706561-POLYETHYLENE_GLYCOL_10_DIMETHICONE/.
Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone:
Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a combination of polyglyceryl-3, which is a polyether derived from glycerin, and polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, which is a type of silicone.
2. Use:
Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and smooth the skin. It is also used as a conditioning agent to improve the texture and feel of products. Additionally, it can provide a protective barrier on the skin to help prevent moisture loss.
3. Usage Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone:
Polyglyceryl 3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations and is safe for most skin types. However, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-3-polydimethylsiloxyethyl-dimethicone.
- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-3-polydimethylsiloxyethyl-dimethicone.
- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone." SpecialChem, www.specialchem.com/inci/polyglyceryl-3-polydimethylsiloxyethyl-dimethicone.
Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Hexyl Dimethicone
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Hexyl Dimethicone:
Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Hexyl Dimethicone is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a type of silicone polymer that is derived from siloxane, which gives it its smooth and silky texture.
2. Use:
Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Hexyl Dimethicone is primarily used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent to improve the feel and texture of the product. It helps to enhance the spreadability of the product, providing a smooth and silky finish on the skin. Additionally, it can also act as a film-forming agent, helping to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Hexyl Dimethicone:
When using products containing Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Hexyl Dimethicone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Hexyl Dimethicone as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Silicones in Cosmetics: Are They Safe?" by the Environmental Working Group
- "Silicone Safety: Are Silicone Products Safe for Your Skin?" by Healthline
Stearic Acid
Other Names: Octadecanoic Acid; C18; Hexyldecyl Stearate
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting
1. Definition Stearic Acid:
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is a waxy solid that is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and emulsifying properties.
2. Use:
Stearic acid is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind together water and oil-based ingredients in products like lotions and creams. Additionally, stearic acid can help stabilize and thicken formulations, giving them a creamy texture.
3. Usage Stearic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing stearic acid, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with stearic acid, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Pumori Saokar Telang, Ashish Gupta, and Nidhi Choudhary. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid based emulsion for topical drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.
- M. C. Gohel, S. P. Amin, and M. J. B. Shah. (2008). Studies in topical application of stearic acid-based self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.
- A. J. Ogunjimi, J. A. Akin-Ajani, and O. A. Odeku. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid-based controlled release matrix tablets of metronidazole. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.
Biosaccharide Gum 4
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Biosaccharide Gum 4:
Biosaccharide Gum 4 is a natural polysaccharide derived from plants that is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing properties.
2. Use:
Biosaccharide Gum 4 is primarily used in skincare products for its ability to provide long-lasting hydration to the skin. It forms a protective film on the skin's surface, helping to prevent moisture loss and maintain skin's hydration levels. Additionally, Biosaccharide Gum 4 has anti-inflammatory properties, making it an ideal ingredient for soothing and calming sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Biosaccharide Gum 4:
Biosaccharide Gum 4 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and lotions designed to hydrate and soothe the skin. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. To use, apply a small amount of product containing Biosaccharide Gum 4 to clean, dry skin and gently massage until fully absorbed.
4. References:
- Cavinato, M., Waltenberger, B., Baraldo, G., Grade, C. V. C., Stuppner, H., Janker, L., ... & Dall'Acqua, S. (2019). In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of a vegetable derived biosaccharide. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(13), 3112.
- Lourith, N., Kanlayavattanakul, M., & Chaikul, P. (2014). Anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory effects of a topical gel containing biosaccharide gum-4 from purslane (Portulaca oleracea) in ultraviolet erythema test. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 13(3), 181-188.
- Lourith, N., Kanlayavattanakul, M., & Chaikul, P. (2014). Anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory effects of a topical gel containing biosaccharide gum-4 from purslane (Portulaca oleracea) in ultraviolet erythema test. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 13(3), 181-188.
Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antioxidant
1. Definition Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate:
Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a chelating agent and preservative. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps to stabilize formulations and prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi.
2. Use:
Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product. It is also used as a chelating agent to improve the stability and effectiveness of other ingredients in the formulation. Additionally, it can help to enhance the overall performance of the product by ensuring that all active ingredients work synergistically.
3. Usage Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate:
When using products containing Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure compatibility. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to avoid direct contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate in Cosmetic Formulations" by the Journal of Cosmetic Science
- "Formulation Strategies for Enhancing the Stability and Efficacy of Cosmetic Products Containing Methyl Carboxymethylphenyl Aminocarboxypropylphosphonate" by the International Journal of Cosmetic Science
Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying, Surface Modifier
1. Definition Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate:
Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate is a complex of isopropyl alcohol and titanium dioxide, combined with triisostearate. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pigment dispersant and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate is primarily used in makeup products such as foundations, eyeshadows, and lipsticks to improve the texture, spreadability, and color payoff. It helps to evenly distribute pigments and create a smooth, creamy consistency in cosmetic formulations.
3. Usage Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate:
When using Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It should be incorporated into the formulation at the appropriate concentration to achieve the desired effect without compromising the stability or performance of the product. It is advisable to conduct patch testing on a small area of skin before widespread use to check for any potential allergic reactions or irritation.
4. References:
- "Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-titanium-triisostearate.
- Gao, Shuang et al. "Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate." PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Isopropyl-titanium-triisostearate.
- "Safety Assessment of Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/itrisost0314rep.pdf.
Tocopherol
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Sodium Citrate
Other Names: Sodium Acid Citrate
Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Chelating
1. Definition Sodium Citrate:
Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, a natural acid found in citrus fruits. It is commonly used as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, emulsifier, and preservative in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Sodium Citrate is used in cosmetics to help stabilize formulas, adjust the pH level of products, and enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.
3. Usage Sodium Citrate:
When using products containing Sodium Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Citrate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-issues-cosmetic-products/sodium-citrate-in-cosmetics/.
Butylene Glycol
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Propanediol
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Dipropylene Glycol
Other Names: DPG
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Dipropylene Glycol:
Dipropylene Glycol is a type of glycol that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and has a low volatility.
2. Use:
Dipropylene Glycol is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, improve the texture of products, and increase the moisture content of formulations. It is commonly found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup.
3. Usage Dipropylene Glycol:
When using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Precautions: While Dipropylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Dipropylene Glycol, especially if you have sensitive skin. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dipropylene-glycol
- "Safety Assessment of Dipropylene Glycol" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/dipropylene_glycol.pdf
- "Dipropylene Glycol in Cosmetics" Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource-center/dipropylene-glycol-in-cosmetics
Phenoxyethanol
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Hexyl Cinnamal
Other Names: Hexylcinnamaldehyde; Hexyl cinnamaldehyde; (2E)-2-benzylideneoctanal
Function: Masking, Fragrance
1. Definition Hexyl Cinnamal:
Hexyl Cinnamal, also known as hexyl cinnamaldehyde or hexylcinnamal, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a sweet, floral scent reminiscent of jasmine.
2. Use:
Hexyl Cinnamal is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetics, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is prized for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall fragrance profile of a product. Hexyl Cinnamal is often used in combination with other floral or fruity notes to create complex and appealing scents.
3. Usage Hexyl Cinnamal:
Hexyl Cinnamal is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used at low concentrations. However, it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Hexyl Cinnamal to ensure that no adverse reactions occur. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- "Hexyl Cinnamal" in Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hexyl-cinnamal
- "Safety Assessment of Hexyl Cinnamal" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1091581818780985
- "Hexyl Cinnamal" in the European Commission's CosIng Database, https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=30132
Limonene
Other Names: L-limonene; D-limonene
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Limonene:
Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.
2. Use:
Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.
3. Usage Limonene:
When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.
- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.
Linalool
Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance
1. Definition Linalool:
Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.
3. Usage Linalool:
When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.
- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Alumina
Other Names: Aluminium oxide; Corundum
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Alumina:
Alumina, also known as aluminum oxide, is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its abrasive and absorbent properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often found in skincare products such as exfoliants, masks, and powders.
2. Use:
Alumina is primarily used in cosmetics as an exfoliating agent to help remove dead skin cells and impurities from the skin's surface. It can help to unclog pores, improve skin texture, and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion. Alumina is also used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and opacifying agent to help improve the texture and performance of various products.
3. Usage Alumina:
When using cosmetics containing alumina, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Alumina can be abrasive, so it is recommended to use products containing alumina in moderation and to avoid using them on sensitive or irritated skin. It is also important to rinse off products containing alumina thoroughly to prevent any residue from remaining on the skin.
4. References:
- "Aluminum Oxide." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-oxide.
- "Aluminum Oxide." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/aluminum-oxide.
- "Alumina." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/alumina.
Iron Oxides
Other Names: Iron Oxide; Ferric Oxide; Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499); Ferrous oxide
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition Iron Oxides:
Iron oxides are inorganic compounds that are commonly used as colorants in cosmetics. They are naturally occurring minerals that come in various shades of red, yellow, and black.
2. Use:
Iron oxides are used in cosmetics to add color to products such as foundations, eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks. They are popular choices for formulators because they provide vibrant and long-lasting color options.
3. Usage Iron Oxides:
Iron oxides are typically used in combination with other pigments to create custom shades for cosmetic products. They are considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow guidelines for proper usage to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform patch tests before using products containing iron oxides, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Iron Oxides for Cosmetic Use: A Review" by S. B. Chavan and A. R. Bhamare
