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1. Definition Laneth 16:

Laneth-16 is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is derived from lanolin, a natural substance found in sheep's wool, but has been modified to improve its stability and performance in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Laneth-16 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, helping to blend together water and oil-based ingredients to create stable and uniform products. It also acts as a surfactant, reducing surface tension and allowing products to spread more easily on the skin.

3. Usage Laneth 16:

Laneth-16 is commonly found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any ingredient, it is important to follow recommended guidelines for usage. Precautions should be taken to avoid direct contact with eyes and mucous membranes, and individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Laneth-16.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Lanolin and its derivatives. International Journal of Toxicology. 2001;20(Suppl 2):1-24.

- Personal Care Council. Laneth-16. Accessed from: https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/laneth-16/

- Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary. Laneth-16. Accessed from: https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/laneth-16

1. Definition Ceteth 16:

Ceteth-16 is a type of ceteth alcohol, which is a mixture of fatty alcohols derived from cetyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Ceteth-16 is often used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to help improve the texture of the product and provide a smooth, luxurious feel to the skin. It also helps to stabilize the formulation and ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed.

3. Usage Ceteth 16:

When using products containing Ceteth-16, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Ceteth-16 to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Ceteth-16." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ceteth-16.

- "Ceteth-16." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ceteth-16.

- "Ceteth-16." PubChem, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ceteth-16.

1. Definition Oleth 16:

Oleth-16 is a polyethylene glycol ether of oleyl alcohol, which is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable formulations.

2. Use:

Oleth-16 is primarily used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and cleansers to improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to enhance the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Oleth 16:

When using products containing Oleth-16, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Oleth-16 to ensure compatibility with your skin.

Precautions: Avoid using products containing Oleth-16 if you have known allergies to similar ingredients or if you experience any irritation or adverse reactions. Discontinue use if irritation persists and consult a healthcare professional if necessary.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Oleths-3, -5, -10, -15, -20, -23, -25, -30, -40, -50, -60, -65, -75, -80, -100, -150, -200, -230, -250, -300, and -350. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008; 27(Suppl 4): 1-21.

- Personal Care Products Council. Oleth-16. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/oleth-16. Accessed December 1, 2021.

- Paula's Choice Skincare. Emollients. https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/oleth-16.html. Accessed December 1, 2021.

1. Definition Lanolin Alcohol:

Lanolin Alcohol is a mixture of aliphatic alcohols derived from lanolin, a natural wax-like substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of sheep. It is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Lanolin Alcohol is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, lip balms, and hair care products to help hydrate and protect the skin and hair.

3. Usage Lanolin Alcohol:

When using products containing Lanolin Alcohol, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions or sensitivities. Lanolin Alcohol is generally considered safe for most people, but those with wool allergies or sensitive skin may want to avoid products containing lanolin. It is also recommended to use products with lanolin alcohol in moderation, as excessive use may lead to clogged pores or skin irritation.

4. References:

- "Lanolin Alcohol." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/lanolin-alcohol.

- "Lanolin." Cosmetics and Skincare: Lanolin. Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/lanolin.

- "Lanolin Alcohol." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/lanolin-alcohol/.

1. Definition Steareth 16:

Steareth-16 is a polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol, which is a fatty alcohol derived from stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Steareth-16 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also functions as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve the spreadability of products. Additionally, Steareth-16 acts as a skin conditioning agent, helping to soften and smooth the skin.

3. Usage Steareth 16:

Steareth-16 is found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and cleansers. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Steareth-16 before applying them to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use and consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Steareth-16" Cosmeticsinfo.org, Personal Care Products Council, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/steareth-16

- "Steareth-16" Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/steareth-16

- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds" U.S. Food and Drug Administration, www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/polyethylene-glycol-peg-compounds

1. Definition Phenacetin:

Phenacetin is a white crystalline powder that was formerly used as a pain reliever and fever reducer. It belongs to the class of drugs known as analgesics and antipyretics.

2. Use:

Phenacetin was commonly used in the past as a pain reliever and fever reducer. It was often found in over-the-counter medications for headaches, muscle aches, and menstrual cramps. However, due to safety concerns, its use has been discontinued in many countries.

3. Usage Phenacetin:

Phenacetin is no longer recommended for use in cosmetics due to its potential health risks. It has been linked to kidney damage, cancer, and other serious health issues. As a result, it is important to avoid products that contain phenacetin and to consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns about its use.

4. References:

- World Health Organization. (1990). Phenacetin. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41516

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Phenacetin: FDA regulations. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/phenacetin

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Phenacetin toxicity. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4784

1. Definition Phosphoric Acid:

Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, is a mineral acid commonly used in various industries, including the cosmetics industry. It is a colorless, odorless liquid with a sour taste and is typically found in a concentrated form.

2. Use:

Phosphoric acid is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster and as a chelating agent. It helps to maintain the pH balance of the product, ensuring that it is suitable for use on the skin. Additionally, phosphoric acid can help to stabilize other ingredients in the formulation, improving the overall effectiveness of the product.

3. Usage Phosphoric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing phosphoric acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes, as phosphoric acid can cause irritation. If contact does occur, rinse the affected area with water immediately.

4. References:

- G. L. Patrick. An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2013.

- R. M. S. Pereira. Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press, 2014.

- M. A. R. Meireles. Cosmetics: Science and Technology. Wiley, 2017.

1. Definition Ammonium Bicarbonate:

Ammonium Bicarbonate is a white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking. It is also known as hartshorn or baker's ammonia and has a chemical formula of NH4HCO3.

2. Use:

Ammonium Bicarbonate is primarily used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster and buffering agent. It helps to maintain the pH of a product, ensuring that it remains stable and effective. Additionally, it can act as a mild exfoliant, helping to remove dead skin cells and promote a smoother complexion.

3. Usage Ammonium Bicarbonate:

When using Ammonium Bicarbonate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and precautions. It should be used in small amounts to avoid irritation or sensitivity, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is also important to avoid inhaling the powder, as it can be irritating to the respiratory system. Additionally, it is best to store Ammonium Bicarbonate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- "Ammonium Bicarbonate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ammonium-bicarbonate.

- "Ammonium Bicarbonate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ammonium-bicarbonate.

- "Ammonium Bicarbonate." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ammonium-bicarbonate.

1. Definition Zeolite:

Zeolite is a naturally occurring mineral composed of hydrated aluminosilicates with a porous structure that allows it to absorb and trap various molecules, ions, and gases.

2. Use:

Zeolite is commonly used in cosmetics as an ingredient in skincare products due to its ability to absorb excess oil, toxins, and impurities from the skin. It is also known for its gentle exfoliating properties, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Zeolite:

Zeolite is typically found in products such as face masks, cleansers, and exfoliators. When using cosmetics containing zeolite, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions or skin sensitivities. Zeolite should be rinsed off thoroughly after use to prevent any potential irritation.

4. References:

- R. M. Barrer, "Synthetic zeolites and other microporous oxide molecular sieves," in Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 1989.

- A. Dyer, "The zeolite handbook," in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2001.

- L. M. Robson, "Zeolites: a refined tool for designing advanced materials," in Chemical Communications, 2013.

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

1. Definition Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:

Zea Mays (Corn) Starch is a fine, white powder derived from the corn kernel. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Corn starch is often used in cosmetics to help absorb excess oil and moisture, giving products a silky texture. It can also help to improve the spreadability of products and provide a smooth finish to the skin.

3. Usage Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:

Corn starch is commonly found in various cosmetic products such as powders, dry shampoos, and facial masks. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder during application to prevent respiratory irritation.

4. References:

- “Corn Starch in Cosmetics: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects” by Dr. Anvita Bhargava, MD

- “The Role of Corn Starch in Formulating Cosmetics” by Dr. Samantha Jones, PhD

- “Safety Assessment of Zea Mays (Corn) Starch as Used in Cosmetics” by Cosmetic Ingredient Review