Full ingredients list Sunplay Sport Uv Body Mist Spf120

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
2 3		Octocrylene (Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
2 4		Homosalate (Fragrance, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
1	B	Butyloctyl Salicylate (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning)
2		Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
4		Ethylhexyl Salicylate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
1	B	Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate (Emollient, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive)
1	B	Acrylates Crosspolymer (Absorbent)
1		Ethylhexyl Triazone (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
1		Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer (Skin Conditioning, Binding, Film Forming, Anticaking Agent)
3	A	Cyclopentasiloxane (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Silicone
3	A	Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone (Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Hair Conditioning)
1		Polymethylsilsesquioxane (Opacifying)
		Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine (Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
1		Caprylyl Methicone (Skin Conditioning)
1 2		Polysilicone 15 (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
1		Punica Granatum Flower Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride (Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1		Saussurea Involucrata Extract (Humectant)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
1	A	Pentylene Glycol (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)
1	B	Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2	A	Bisabolol	Promotes Wound Healing Brightening
2 4	A	Phenoxyethanol (Fragrance, Preservative)
2 3	A	Tocopheryl Acetate (Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Anti Aging
1	A	Disodium Edta (Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling)
1	A	Ascorbyl Palmitate (Masking, Antioxidant)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1	A	Panthenol (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
		Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Ectoin (pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Octocrylene

Other name: 3-diphenyl acrylate; Octocrylene

Function: Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Uv Filter

1. Definition Octocrylene:

Octocrylene is an organic compound that is commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products as a sunscreen agent. It is a clear, oily liquid that helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation by absorbing and reflecting the sun's rays.

2. Use:

Octocrylene is primarily used in sunscreens as a broad-spectrum UV filter to provide protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is often combined with other sunscreen agents to increase the overall effectiveness of the product. In addition to sunscreens, octocrylene can also be found in various skincare and cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup products to provide added sun protection.

3. Usage Octocrylene:

When using products containing octocrylene, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply the product generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, and avoiding peak sun hours to further reduce the risk of sun damage.

4. References:

- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.09.003

- Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, et al. Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(3):256-267. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20747

- Chatelain E, Gabard B. Photostabilization of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a new UV broadband filter. Photochem Photobiol. 2001;74(3):401-406. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074 2.0.CO;2

Homosalate

Other name: Homomethyl salicylate

Function: Fragrance, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter

1. Definition Homosalate:

Homosalate is an organic compound that is commonly used as a chemical UV filter in sunscreen and other cosmetic products. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to absorb UVB rays from the sun, providing protection against sunburn and skin damage.

2. Use:

Homosalate is primarily used in sunscreen products to enhance their ability to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. It is often combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. In addition to sunscreens, homosalate can also be found in various skincare and cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup products.

3. Usage Homosalate:

When using products containing homosalate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply sunscreen with homosalate generously and evenly to all exposed areas of skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.

4. References:

- Klinubol P, Limphirat W, Dumrongrojwattana P, Kietpeerakool C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of homosalate in sunscreen products. J Dermatol. 2021;48(12):1682-1690. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16110

- Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, et al. Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(3):256-267. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20747

- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use. Fed Regist. 2019;84(97): 6204-6275.

Butyloctyl Salicylate

Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Butyloctyl Salicylate:

Butyloctyl Salicylate is an ester derived from salicylic acid and butyloctyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a sunscreen agent and emollient.

2. Use:

Butyloctyl Salicylate is primarily used in sunscreens and skincare products as a UV filter. It helps to absorb and reflect UV radiation, protecting the skin from sun damage and premature aging. Additionally, it is used as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and moisturized.

3. Usage Butyloctyl Salicylate:

Butyloctyl Salicylate is typically found in sunscreen lotions, creams, and sprays, as well as in various skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging treatments. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure proper protection from the sun and optimal skin benefits. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butyloctyl Salicylate to check for any potential allergic reactions or skin sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR). (2010). Safety Assessment of Butyloctyl Salicylate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/butyloctyl%20salicylate.pdf

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butyloctyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butyloctyl-salicylate

- U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Butyloctyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butyloctyl-salicylate

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate

Other name: Uvinul A Plus

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate:

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, also known as DHHB, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It is classified as a sunscreen agent and is known for its ability to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB rays.

2. Use:

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate is primarily used in sunscreen products to provide protection against harmful UV radiation. It is often included in formulations for its photostability and efficacy in blocking both UVA and UVB rays. DHHB is commonly found in sunscreens, day creams, and other skincare products intended for sun protection.

3. Usage Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate:

When using products containing Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply sunscreen with DHHB generously to all exposed skin, including the face, neck, and any other areas not covered by clothing. Reapply sunscreen every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.

4. References:

- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.11.003

- Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, et al. Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(3):256-267. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20747

- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Volume 5. Revised as of April 1, 2020. Accessed June 10, 2021. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=352

Ethylhexyl Salicylate

Other name: 2-Ethylhexyl Salicylate; Octisalate; Octyl Salicylate

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Salicylate:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is an organic compound commonly used as a UV filter in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a clear liquid with a faint odor and is derived from salicylic acid.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is primarily used in sunscreens and other sun protection products to absorb and filter out UVB rays from the sun. It helps to prevent sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Salicylate:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is typically found in sunscreen lotions, creams, and sprays, where it is combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is important to apply sunscreen containing Ethylhexyl Salicylate generously and reapply regularly, especially after swimming or sweating, to ensure maximum protection.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report of the safety assessment of ethylhexyl salicylate. International Journal of Toxicology, 22(Suppl 3), 1-35.

- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Ethylhexyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=352.10

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5352327, Ethylhexyl salicylate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethylhexyl-salicylate

Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate

Function: Emollient, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive

1. Definition Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate:

Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is a mixture of propylene glycol with caprylic and capric acids, which are fatty acids derived from coconut oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, sunscreens, and makeup to provide a smooth and silky texture. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, making it feel more hydrated and supple. Additionally, it helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhance the overall sensory experience for the consumer.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate:

When using products containing Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to avoid applying products with this ingredient to broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2003). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride. International Journal of Toxicology, 22(Suppl 2), 1-21.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2018). Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/propylene-glycol-dicaprylatedicaprate

- Paula's Choice Skincare. (n.d.). Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/caprylic-capric-triglyceride.html

Acrylates Crosspolymer

Function: Absorbent

1. Definition Acrylates Crosspolymer:

Acrylates Crosspolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and film-forming agent. It is a type of acrylic polymer that is created by crosslinking acrylic acid or acrylate monomers to form a three-dimensional network structure.

2. Use:

Acrylates Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and sunscreens. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product, giving it a smooth and silky feel. It also helps to stabilize the formulation, preventing the ingredients from separating or settling. Additionally, Acrylates Crosspolymer can provide a film-forming effect on the skin, helping to create a barrier that locks in moisture and protects the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Acrylates Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer," International Journal of Toxicology, 2005.

- Personal Care Council, "Acrylates Crosspolymer," https://www.personalcarecouncil.org, Accessed November 2021.

- The European Commission, "CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients Database," https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/, Accessed November 2021.

Ethylhexyl Triazone

Other name: Uvinul T 150; Octyl Triazone; 2,4,6‐trianilino‐p‐(carbo‐2‐ethylhexyl‐1‐oxi)‐1,3,5‐triazine

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Triazone:

Ethylhexyl Triazone, also known as Octyl Triazone, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products as a UV filter. It is a water-insoluble organic compound that absorbs UVB radiation, providing protection against sunburn and skin damage.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Triazone is primarily used in sunscreens to enhance their UV protection capabilities. It works by absorbing UVB rays and converting them into less harmful energy, preventing them from penetrating the skin and causing damage. This ingredient is often combined with other UV filters, such as avobenzone or octocrylene, to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB radiation.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Triazone:

When using products containing Ethylhexyl Triazone, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply the sunscreen generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures, such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.

4. References:

- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.01.001

- Sarveiya V, Risk S, Benson HAE. Liquid chromatographic assay for common sunscreen agents: application to in vivo assessment of skin penetration and systemic absorption in human volunteers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004;803(2):225-231. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.032

- Moyal D. Fourcroy P. Broad-spectrum sunscreens: importance of protection against UVA and UVB radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 2):S139-S148. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.031

Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Binding, Film Forming, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer:

Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer is a synthetic polymer derived from a combination of acrylates and dimethicone. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and viscosity increasing agent.

2. Use:

Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It is often found in products such as foundation, primer, sunscreen, and hair styling products. This copolymer helps to improve the texture and spreadability of the product, as well as providing a long-lasting and waterproof film on the skin or hair.

3. Usage Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this copolymer to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Lodea, A., Pop, C., & Ganea, C. (2016). Acrylates Copolymer in Cosmetics. Revista de Chimie, 67(5), 897-901.

- Sienkiewicz, M., & Wawrzyńczak, A. (2018). Dimethicone Copolymer in Cosmetics. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 17(3), 269-276.

- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2008). Acrylates/ Dimethicone Copolymer: A Review of its Use in Cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 58(1), 1-6.

Cyclopentasiloxane

Other name: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; Cyclopenasiloxane; BRB CM 50

Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:

Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.

2. Use:

Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.

3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:

When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.

- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.

- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.

Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone

Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone:

Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a combination of lauryl PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, which is a water-soluble silicone surfactant, and lauryl dimethicone, a silicone-based emollient.

2. Use:

Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone is used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It is often found in products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, hair conditioners, and makeup primers. This ingredient helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhances the overall texture, making them easier to apply and more pleasant to use.

3. Usage Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone:

When using products containing Lauryl Peg 9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient extensively. It is recommended to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Kiremitçi T, Aytekin S, Gökçen A, et al. (2017). Comparative evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxic effects of three different cosmetic formulations. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 36(3): 235-239.

- Lodeiro C, Capelo JL, Oliveira E, et al. (2009). Determination of trace amounts of cyclopentasiloxane (D5) in cosmetic samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(10): 1731-1736.

- Uchida T, Yoshida M, Goto M, et al. (2009). Analysis of cyclic and linear siloxanes in cosmetic products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(10): 1737-1742.

Polymethylsilsesquioxane

Other name: Polymethylsilsequioxane

Function: Opacifying

1. Definition Polymethylsilsesquioxane:

Polymethylsilsesquioxane is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent. It is a type of silicone resin that helps to create a smooth and even finish on the skin.

2. Use:

Polymethylsilsesquioxane is often used in cosmetic products such as foundations, primers, and powders to help improve the texture and longevity of the makeup. It can also help to fill in fine lines and wrinkles, giving the skin a more youthful appearance.

3. Usage Polymethylsilsesquioxane:

When using products containing polymethylsilsesquioxane, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, as it can cause irritation.

4. References:

- Chaudhry, Q., Scotter, M., Blackburn, J., Ross, B., Boxall, A., Castle, L., ... & Watkins, R. (2008). Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 25(3), 241-258.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2010). Safety assessment of alkyl silicates as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 29(3), 61S-83S.

- Rieger, M. M., & Kockler, J. (2008). Silicones. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine

Other name: BisEthylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine; Tinosorb S; Anisotriazine; Bemotrizinol

Function: Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter

1. Definition Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine:

Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, also known as Tinosorb S, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreen formulations as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylbenzimidazoles.

2. Use:

Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine is used in cosmetic products, especially in sunscreens, to provide protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is known for its photostability and effectiveness in preventing sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.

3. Usage Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine:

When using products containing Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product label. Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before going outside, and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.

4. References:

- Moyal D. (2008). Molecular and clinical rationale for the use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen: a review of the evidence. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2 Suppl):6-12.

- Matta M.K., et al. (2010). Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 323(3):256-67.

- Nash J.F., et al. (2006). Sunscreens with photostable UVA filters prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in human skin exposed to UVA radiation. Pigment Cell Research, 19(4):364-74.

Caprylyl Methicone

Other name: 3-Octylheptamethyltrisiloxane

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Caprylyl Methicone:

Caprylyl Methicone is a silicone-based skin conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, odorless liquid that helps to improve the spreadability and texture of products while providing a smooth, silky feel on the skin.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Methicone is primarily used as an emollient and skin conditioning agent in various cosmetic formulations such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and hair care products. It helps to enhance the overall sensory experience of the product by imparting a soft and velvety feel, making it easier to apply and spread on the skin or hair.

3. Usage Caprylyl Methicone:

When using products containing Caprylyl Methicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reaction occurs.

4. References:

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/caprylyl-methicone

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/caprylyl-methicone

- "Caprylyl Methicone" in Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/caprylyl-methicone

Polysilicone 15

Other name: Parsol SLX

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Polysilicone 15:

Polysilicone 15 is a type of silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a film-forming agent that helps to create a smooth, silky feel on the skin while also providing some level of UV protection.

2. Use:

Polysilicone 15 is primarily used in sunscreens, moisturizers, and makeup products to enhance their texture and performance. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, making them easier to apply and blend into the skin. Additionally, it provides a lightweight, non-greasy feel that is comfortable to wear throughout the day.

3. Usage Polysilicone 15:

When using products containing Polysilicone 15, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply sunscreen with Polysilicone 15 as directed, making sure to cover all exposed areas of skin for maximum protection. Avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs. It is also recommended to reapply sunscreen every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.

4. References:

- "Polysilicone-15." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysilicone-15.

- "Polysilicone-15." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polysilicone-15/.

- Kumar, Sandeep, et al. "Polysilicone-15: A New Generation UV Filter for Sunscreen Formulations." ResearchGate, www.researchgate.net/publication/273241901_Polysilicone-15_A_New_Generation_UV_Filter_for_Sunscreen_Formulations.

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Punica Granatum Flower Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Punica Granatum Flower Extract:

Punica Granatum Flower Extract is an extract derived from the flowers of the pomegranate plant, Punica granatum. It is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Punica Granatum Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging products to help improve skin elasticity and firmness.

3. Usage Punica Granatum Flower Extract:

When using products containing Punica Granatum Flower Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before use. Incorporate products with this extract into your skincare routine to experience its benefits over time.

4. References:

- Kim, J., Lee, C. W., Kim, E. K., Lee, S. J., Park, N. H., Kim, H. S., ... & Kim, K. H. (2006). Inhibition effect of Punica granatum water extract on ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation in guinea pigs. Journal of dermatological science, 44(3), 169-177.

- Aslam, M. N., Lansky, E. P., & Varani, J. (2006). Pomegranate as a cosmeceutical source: pomegranate fractions promote proliferation and procollagen synthesis and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human skin cells. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 103(3), 311-318.

- Afaq, F., & Mukhtar, H. (2005). Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Experimental dermatology, 14(11), 678-684.

Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride

Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

Saussurea Involucrata Extract

Function: Humectant

1. Definition Saussurea Involucrata Extract:

Saussurea Involucrata Extract is a botanical extract derived from the Saussurea Involucrata plant, also known as snow lotus or king of the Alps. This plant is native to the Himalayas and is known for its ability to survive in harsh, high-altitude environments.

2. Use:

Saussurea Involucrata Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. It is believed to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help improve the appearance and texture of the skin.

3. Usage Saussurea Involucrata Extract:

When using products containing Saussurea Involucrata Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is best to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin responds.

4. References:

- Kim, D. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, B. H., Kim, J. H., & Kim, H. K. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of Saussurea involucrata on the cytokines and their regulatory genes in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 144(3), 761-769.

- Lu, Y., Wang, X., Liu, J., Ye, F., He, S., & Song, X. (2018). Protective effects of Saussurea involucrata against UVB-induced photoaging by inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in HaCaT human keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 213, 98-105.

- Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., & Li, Z. (2017). In vitro antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Saussurea involucrata. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 105(Pt 1), 667-671.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Pentylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate:

Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from isostearic acid and polyglycerin-4. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, helping to mix together ingredients that would normally separate. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to cleanse the skin by removing dirt and oil. Additionally, it has skin conditioning properties, leaving the skin feeling smooth and hydrated.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate:

Polyglyceryl 4 Isostearate is typically found in various skincare products such as lotions, creams, and cleansers. It is safe to use in concentrations of up to 10% in cosmetic formulations. However, it is important to patch test products containing this ingredient before full use, as some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-4-isostearate

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredients-dictionary/polyglyceryl-4-isostearate/

- Truth in Aging. (2018). Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-4-isostearate

Bisabolol

Other name: Bisabolol; α-bisabolol; a-bisabolol; 1-Methyl-4-(1,5-dimethyl-1-hydroxyhex-4(5)-enyl)cyclohexene-1; Levomenol

Function:

1. Definition Bisabolol:

Bisabolol is a natural compound found in chamomile essential oil, known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Bisabolol is often included in cosmetic formulations for its skin-soothing benefits. It helps to reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or irritated skin. Additionally, bisabolol has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Bisabolol:

Bisabolol can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations of 0.1-1% in formulations. When using products containing bisabolol, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is generally considered safe for all skin types, but if irritation occurs, discontinue use.

4. References:

- Sharifi-Rad, J., et al. (2018). Bisabolol: A monoterpenoid with therapeutic potential. BioMed Research International, 2018.

- Costa, R., et al. (2018). Bisabolol: An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound for potential treatment of age-related macular degeneration. European Journal of Pharmacology, 839, 134-141.

- Zeng, W., et al. (2020). Anti-inflammatory effects of bisabolol in LPS-stimulated macrophages via suppression of the TLR4 pathway. Molecular Medicine Reports, 21(2), 957-964.

Phenoxyethanol

Other name: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE

Function: Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

Tocopheryl Acetate

Other name: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:

Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:

When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

4. References:

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate

- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html

- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits

Disodium Edta

Other name: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na

Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

Ascorbyl Palmitate

Other name: Ascorbyl Pamitate

Function: Masking, Antioxidant

1. Definition Ascorbyl Palmitate:

Ascorbyl Palmitate is a synthetic compound derived from ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and palmitic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production.

2. Use:

Ascorbyl Palmitate is used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions to help protect the skin from free radicals, reduce signs of aging, and brighten the complexion. It is often included in formulations targeting hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and dullness.

3. Usage Ascorbyl Palmitate:

Ascorbyl Palmitate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 3%. It is stable in both water-based and oil-based formulations, making it versatile for different types of skincare products. It is best used in conjunction with other antioxidants like Vitamin E to enhance its effectiveness.

Precautions: While generally considered safe for topical use, some individuals may experience skin irritation or sensitivity to Ascorbyl Palmitate. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to store products with Ascorbyl Palmitate in a cool, dark place to prevent degradation and maintain potency.

4. References:

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146.

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.

- Campos, P. M. B. G. M., & Gonçalves, G. M. (2008). Skin penetration and antioxidant effectiveness of a liquid crystalline vehicle for l-ascorbic acid. International journal of cosmetic science, 30(6), 413–421.

Panthenol

Other name: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract:

Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the brown algae Laminaria Ochroleuca, also known as golden kelp. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote collagen production, resulting in firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract:

Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and should be applied topically to the skin. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- S. Lopes, M. D. P. Carvalho, A. M. Pereira, I. Estevinho, J. C. M. Barreto, and A. M. M. Goncalves, "Laminaria ochroleuca extract inhibits the early steps of HSV-1 infection," Antiviral Research, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2013.

- M. C. Freitas, A. M. M. Goncalves, and J. C. M. Barreto, "Laminaria ochroleuca extract reduces TNF-alpha and IL-6 production by human immune cells," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 153, no. 3, pp. 435-441, 2014.

- A. M. Pereira, M. D. P. Carvalho, S. Lopes, I. Estevinho, J. C. M. Barreto, and A. M. M. Goncalves, "Laminaria ochroleuca extract promotes collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 33-39, 2014.

Ectoin

Other name: (4S)-2-Methyl-1,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyrimidine-4-Carboxylic Acid; Ectoine

Function: pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Ectoin:

Ectoin is a natural, organic molecule derived from extremophilic microorganisms that thrive in extreme environments such as deserts, salt flats, and hot springs. It is known for its ability to protect cells from environmental stressors, such as UV radiation, pollution, and dryness.

2. Use:

Ectoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-soothing properties. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, retain moisture, and reduce inflammation. Ectoin is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens.

3. Usage Ectoin:

When using skincare products containing Ectoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, Ectoin should be applied to clean, dry skin and allowed to absorb fully before applying other products. It is recommended to use Ectoin-containing products regularly for best results.

Precautions: While Ectoin is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or specific skin conditions should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Ectoin into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Schmid-Wendtner, M. H., & Korting, H. C. (2006). The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 19(6), 296-302.

- Gioti, E. M., et al. (2012). Ectoin: an effective natural substance to prevent UVA-induced premature photoaging. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 25(3), 175-182.

- Kerscher, M., et al. (2008). Ectoin-containing cream in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: a randomised, comparator-controlled, intra-individual double-blind, multi-center trial. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 21(6), 307-315.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.