Full ingredients list THANK YOU FARMER Sun Project Light Sun ...

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
6		Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection Bad for sensitive skin
2 4		Homosalate (Fragrance, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
4		Ethylhexyl Salicylate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
2		Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate (Uv Absorber, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
1	A	Butylene Glycol (Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents)	Good for dry skin
2 3		Octocrylene (Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Uv Filter)	UV Protection
1		Dicaprylyl Carbonate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
3	A	Cyclopentasiloxane (Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Silicone
1	B	C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate (Surfactant, Emulsifying)
1		C20 22 Alcohols (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding)
1 2	A	Silica (Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent)
1	A	1,2-Hexanediol (Solvent)
1		Portulaca Oleracea Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water (Fragrance)
1		Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids (Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning)
1		Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil (Solvent, Skin Conditioning)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 3	B	Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract (Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)	Good for sensitive skin
1		Althaea Rosea Flower Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Cardiospermum Halicacabum Flower/Leaf/Vine Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1	A	Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil Unsaponifiables (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning)
1	A	Plukenetia Volubilis Seed Oil (Emollient, Humectant, Skin Protecting)
1	A	Cetyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant)
1	A	Glyceryl Stearate (Emollient, Emulsifying)	Fungal Acne Trigger
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1 2	A	Tromethamine (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)
1		Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 (Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising)
1	A	Octyldodecanol (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
1	A	Glyceryl Caprylate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1	A	Caprylyl Glycol (Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient)
2	A	Microcrystalline Cellulose (Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Slip Modifier)
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
1		Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer (Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Opacifying, Anticaking Agent, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant)
1	A	Polyisobutene (Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming)
2	A	Ethylhexylglycerin (Deodorant, Skin Conditioning)
1		Glyceryl Polymethacrylate (Viscosity Controlling, Film Forming)
1	A	Cellulose Gum (Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming)
1	A	Sorbitan Oleate (Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Bad for oily skin Fungal Acne Trigger
1		Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside (Sufactant)
8		Fragrance (Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Good for dry skin
3		Linalool (Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance)	Allergen
7		Butylphenyl Methylpropional (Perfuming)	Allergen
4 5		Limonene (Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant)	Allergen

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Other name: Octinoxate; Octylmethoxy Cinnamate; Octyl Methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; 2-Ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate; Parsol MCX; Escalol 557; Eusolex 2292; Uvinul 3088; Tinosorb OMC

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, also known as Octyl Methoxycinnamate, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunscreens as a UV filter. It is a clear liquid that absorbs UVB rays from the sun, helping to protect the skin from sun damage.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is primarily used in cosmetics and skincare products as a UV filter to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. It is commonly found in sunscreens, moisturizers, lip balms, and other products designed to provide sun protection.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate:

When using products containing Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply sunscreen with this ingredient generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to seek shade, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours.

4. References:

- Klammer H, Schlecht C, Wuttke W, Schmutzler C, Gotthardt I, Köhrle J, Jarry H. Effects of a 5-day treatment with the UV-filter octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. Toxicology. 2007;238(2-3):192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.06.017. Epub 2007 Jul 3. PMID: 17658655.

- Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109(3):239-44. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109239. PMID: 11333190; PMCID: PMC1240267.

- Janjua NR, Mogensen B, Andersson AM, Petersen JH, Henriksen M, Skakkebaek NE, Wulf HC. Systemic absorption of the sunscreens benzophenone-3, octyl-methoxycinnamate, and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor after whole-body topical application and reproductive hormone levels in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 2004 May;122(5):1257-61. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22603.x. PMID: 15140223.

Homosalate

Other name: Homomethyl salicylate

Function: Fragrance, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter

1. Definition Homosalate:

Homosalate is an organic compound that is commonly used as a chemical UV filter in sunscreen and other cosmetic products. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to absorb UVB rays from the sun, providing protection against sunburn and skin damage.

2. Use:

Homosalate is primarily used in sunscreen products to enhance their ability to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. It is often combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. In addition to sunscreens, homosalate can also be found in various skincare and cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup products.

3. Usage Homosalate:

When using products containing homosalate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply sunscreen with homosalate generously and evenly to all exposed areas of skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.

4. References:

- Klinubol P, Limphirat W, Dumrongrojwattana P, Kietpeerakool C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of homosalate in sunscreen products. J Dermatol. 2021;48(12):1682-1690. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16110

- Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, et al. Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(3):256-267. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20747

- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use. Fed Regist. 2019;84(97): 6204-6275.

Ethylhexyl Salicylate

Other name: 2-Ethylhexyl Salicylate; Octisalate; Octyl Salicylate

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Ethylhexyl Salicylate:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is an organic compound commonly used as a UV filter in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a clear liquid with a faint odor and is derived from salicylic acid.

2. Use:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is primarily used in sunscreens and other sun protection products to absorb and filter out UVB rays from the sun. It helps to prevent sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.

3. Usage Ethylhexyl Salicylate:

Ethylhexyl Salicylate is typically found in sunscreen lotions, creams, and sprays, where it is combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is important to apply sunscreen containing Ethylhexyl Salicylate generously and reapply regularly, especially after swimming or sweating, to ensure maximum protection.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report of the safety assessment of ethylhexyl salicylate. International Journal of Toxicology, 22(Suppl 3), 1-35.

- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Ethylhexyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=352.10

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5352327, Ethylhexyl salicylate. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethylhexyl-salicylate

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate

Other name: Uvinul A Plus

Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter

1. Definition Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate:

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, also known as DHHB, is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It is classified as a sunscreen agent and is known for its ability to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB rays.

2. Use:

Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate is primarily used in sunscreen products to provide protection against harmful UV radiation. It is often included in formulations for its photostability and efficacy in blocking both UVA and UVB rays. DHHB is commonly found in sunscreens, day creams, and other skincare products intended for sun protection.

3. Usage Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate:

When using products containing Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply sunscreen with DHHB generously to all exposed skin, including the face, neck, and any other areas not covered by clothing. Reapply sunscreen every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.

4. References:

- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.11.003

- Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, et al. Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(3):256-267. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20747

- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Volume 5. Revised as of April 1, 2020. Accessed June 10, 2021. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=352

Butylene Glycol

Other name: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane

Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

Octocrylene

Other name: 3-diphenyl acrylate; Octocrylene

Function: Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Uv Filter

1. Definition Octocrylene:

Octocrylene is an organic compound that is commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products as a sunscreen agent. It is a clear, oily liquid that helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation by absorbing and reflecting the sun's rays.

2. Use:

Octocrylene is primarily used in sunscreens as a broad-spectrum UV filter to provide protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is often combined with other sunscreen agents to increase the overall effectiveness of the product. In addition to sunscreens, octocrylene can also be found in various skincare and cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lip balms, and makeup products to provide added sun protection.

3. Usage Octocrylene:

When using products containing octocrylene, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply the product generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, and avoiding peak sun hours to further reduce the risk of sun damage.

4. References:

- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.09.003

- Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, et al. Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(3):256-267. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20747

- Chatelain E, Gabard B. Photostabilization of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a new UV broadband filter. Photochem Photobiol. 2001;74(3):401-406. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074 2.0.CO;2

Dicaprylyl Carbonate

Other name: CETIOL CC

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Dicaprylyl Carbonate:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and carbonic acid. Dicaprylyl Carbonate is a clear, colorless liquid with a lightweight texture that helps to moisturize and soften the skin.

2. Use:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and hair care products. It is known for its ability to provide a silky smooth feel to the skin without leaving a greasy residue. Dicaprylyl Carbonate also helps to improve the spreadability of products and enhance the overall texture.

3. Usage Dicaprylyl Carbonate:

Dicaprylyl Carbonate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-20% in cosmetic formulations. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and is often included in products designed for dry or dehydrated skin. When using products containing Dicaprylyl Carbonate, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, discontinue use if irritation occurs.

4. References:

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dicaprylyl-carbonate

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dicaprylyl-carbonate/

- "Dicaprylyl Carbonate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dicaprylyl-carbonate

Cyclopentasiloxane

Other name: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; Cyclopenasiloxane; BRB CM 50

Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:

Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.

2. Use:

Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.

3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:

When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.

- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.

- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.

C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying

1. Definition C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate:

C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate is a type of alkyl phosphate derived from a mixture of fatty alcohols with carbon chain lengths of 20 to 22.

2. Use:

C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize the emulsion, allowing water and oil-based ingredients to mix evenly. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product.

3. Usage C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate:

When using products containing C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for topical use but should be avoided in products that are intended for use around the eyes or mucous membranes. Individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Alkyl Phosphates as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology, 2007.

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach. CRC Press, 2014.

- "Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products" edited by Zoe Diana Draelos. CRC Press, 2006.

C20 22 Alcohols

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding

1. Definition C20 22 Alcohols:

C20 22 Alcohols are a group of fatty alcohols derived from natural sources such as coconut oil or palm oil. They are composed of a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C20 to C22.

2. Use:

C20 22 Alcohols are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, emulsifiers, and thickeners. They help to stabilize and thicken formulations, improve the texture of products, and provide moisturizing properties to the skin.

3. Usage C20 22 Alcohols:

C20 22 Alcohols are typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products. They are generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing C20 22 Alcohols to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Fatty Alcohols - Cosmetics Info." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/fatty-alcohols.

- "Cetearyl Alcohol." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/cetearyl-alcohol/.

- "Fatty Alcohols." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/fatty-alcohols/.

Silica

Other name: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth

Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

1,2-Hexanediol

Function: Solvent

1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

Portulaca Oleracea Extract

Other name: Purslane Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the common purslane plant, known for its high levels of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.

2. Use:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and nourishing benefits on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5-2% to provide the desired benefits without causing any irritation. To use products containing Portulaca Oleracea Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., Anti-inflammatory effect of Portulaca oleracea in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014; 42(6):1493-1507.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., et al. Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on DSS-induced murine colitis. International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 73:539-547.

- Lee, H. Y., Kim, S. W., Lee, G. H., et al. The effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 220:64-73.

Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water

Function: Fragrance

1. Definition Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water:

Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water, also known as lotus flower water, is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the sacred lotus plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and calming effects on the skin. It is often found in toners, serums, and creams to help hydrate and soothe the skin, leaving it feeling refreshed and revitalized. Additionally, lotus flower water is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water:

When using products containing Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Water, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin, such as the inner forearm, and wait 24 hours to check for any adverse reactions. If no irritation occurs, the product can be safely used as directed. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. (2015). Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) flower essential oil increased melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes. Natural Product Communications, 10(6), 1023-1026.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, K. A., Lee, M. H., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbo nucifera by inhibition of NF-κB activation in DSS-induced acute colitis. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 38(2), 440-446.

- Hwang, E., Lee, D. G., Park, S. H., Oh, M. S., & Kim, S. Y. (2017). Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract inhibits neointimal hyperplasia through modulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 208, 221-229.

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids

Function: Skin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids are lipids extracted from soybeans, specifically the seeds of the Glycine Soja plant. These lipids are rich in essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, which are beneficial for skin health.

2. Use:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids are commonly used in cosmetics for their moisturizing and emollient properties. They help to hydrate and soften the skin, making it feel smoother and more supple. These lipids also have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals.

3. Usage Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids:

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids are typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. They are suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can be used daily as part of a skincare routine. It is important to patch test products containing Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids before use, especially if you have allergies to soy or sensitive skin. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Glycine Soja (Soybean) Lipids into your routine.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. (2015). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Education.

- Mukherjee, P.K., et al. (2008). Botanicals as Dermatological Agents: Progress and Perspectives. Drug Discovery Today.

Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil

Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil:

Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Echium plantagineum, also known as purple viper's bugloss. This oil is rich in essential fatty acids, including omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9, as well as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, reduce inflammation, and promote skin regeneration. This oil is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and dry skin, and can help to soothe and calm irritated skin.

3. Usage Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil:

Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil can be used in various cosmetic products, such as facial oils, serums, moisturizers, and creams. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other carrier oils or ingredients. To use, simply apply a few drops of the oil to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It can be used both in the morning and evening as part of your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Simopoulos, A. P. (2002). Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 21(6), 495-505.

- Oomah, B. D., Ladet, S., Godfrey, D. V., Liang, J., & Girard, B. (2000). Characteristics of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed oil. Food Chemistry, 69(2), 187-193.

- Ryan, A. S., & Astwood, J. D. (2007). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Echium oil. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(4), 388-394.

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract

Other name: Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract:

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Aloe Vera plant, known for its soothing and healing properties. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory benefits.

2. Use:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and soothe the skin. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, serums, and masks, where it can help to calm irritation, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Aloe Vera extract is also known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Apply a small amount of the product to a small area of skin and wait 24 hours to check for any adverse reactions. If no irritation occurs, you can safely incorporate the product into your skincare routine. It is also recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian journal of dermatology, 53(4), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.44785

- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 5(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.006

- Paulsen, E., Korsholm, L., & Brandrup, F. (2005). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a commercial Aloe vera gel in the treatment of slight to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 19(3), 326–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01203.x

Althaea Rosea Flower Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Althaea Rosea Flower Extract:

Althaea Rosea Flower Extract is derived from the marshmallow plant, also known as Althaea Rosea. This extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Althaea Rosea Flower Extract is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums due to its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. Additionally, this extract is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Althaea Rosea Flower Extract:

When using products containing Althaea Rosea Flower Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying to a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare product, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Lee, J. Y., Kim, S. J., & Kim, H. J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of Althaea rosea flower extract in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(2), 116-123.

- Park, J. H., Lee, J., & Kim, S. H. (2018). Moisturizing and antioxidant effects of Althaea Rosea Flower Extract in skincare products. Journal of Dermatological Science, 89(3), e47.

- Choi, H. S., Kim, S. Y., & Park, K. H. (2019). Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Althaea Rosea Flower Extract in skincare formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(1), 45-52.

Cardiospermum Halicacabum Flower/Leaf/Vine Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Cardiospermum Halicacabum Flower/Leaf/Vine Extract:

Cardiospermum Halicacabum Flower/Leaf/Vine Extract is a botanical extract derived from the plant Cardiospermum Halicacabum, also known as the balloon plant or love in a puff. This plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions and has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Cardiospermum Halicacabum Flower/Leaf/Vine Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its calming and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to help soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and alleviate symptoms of conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. This botanical extract is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums targeting sensitive or reactive skin types.

3. Usage Cardiospermum Halicacabum Flower/Leaf/Vine Extract:

When using skincare products containing Cardiospermum Halicacabum Flower/Leaf/Vine Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face or body, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Lee, S., & Kim, Y. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 203, 279-286.

- Kumar, A., Kumar, A., & Singh, M. (2018). Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn: An overview. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(3), 1780-1785.

- Singh, S., & Singh, S. (2016). Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(5), 1892-1904.

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil Unsaponifiables

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning

1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil Unsaponifiables:

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil Unsaponifiables are the lipid fraction of sunflower oil that remains insoluble in water and does not react with alkalis to form soap. It is a natural ingredient derived from sunflower seeds and is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins.

2. Use:

Sunflower seed oil unsaponifiables are commonly used in cosmetics for their moisturizing, nourishing, and antioxidant properties. They help to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and smoothness, making them ideal for dry, sensitive, or aging skin. They can also help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, reducing the signs of aging and promoting a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil Unsaponifiables:

Sunflower seed oil unsaponifiables can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and balms. They are typically used as an emollient or conditioning agent to soften and smooth the skin. To use, simply apply the product containing sunflower seed oil unsaponifiables to clean, dry skin and massage gently until absorbed. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using on sensitive or reactive skin.

4. References:

- Maranz, S., Wiesman, Z. (2004). Influence of climate on the tocopherol content of shea butter. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(10), 2934-2937.

- Bouilly-Gauthier, D., Jeudy, A., Maubert, Y., Duteil, L., Queille-Roussel, C., Piccardi, N. (2013). Clinical evidence of benefits of a dietary supplement containing probiotics and highly standardized unsaponifiable shea butter on the quality of life of women with dry skin: a pilot study. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(1), 18-26.

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

Plukenetia Volubilis Seed Oil

Function: Emollient, Humectant, Skin Protecting

1. Definition Plukenetia Volubilis Seed Oil:

Plukenetia Volubilis Seed Oil, also known as Sacha Inchi Oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Plukenetia volubilis plant. This oil is rich in essential fatty acids, particularly omega-3 and omega-6, as well as antioxidants and vitamins E and A.

2. Use:

Plukenetia Volubilis Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage. This oil is lightweight and non-greasy, making it suitable for all skin types, including oily and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Plukenetia Volubilis Seed Oil:

Plukenetia Volubilis Seed Oil can be used in various skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and facial oils. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other oils or ingredients to enhance its benefits. To use, simply apply a few drops of the oil to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It can also be used on the hair to add shine and moisture.

4. References:

- Paula, A. P. A., Souza, M. C., Tresvenzol, L. M. F., Pinto, C. A. S. O., & Paula, J. R. (2012). Sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis L.): a review. Journal of Food Science, 77(11), R141-R147.

- Nascimento, J. R. O., Oliveira, L. A. G., & Barbosa, A. P. F. (2017). Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.): a seed oil source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols for food application. Food Research International, 100, 482-488.

- Cisneros, F. H., & Cisneros-Zevallos, L. (2012). Bioactive compounds from Mexican varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): implications for health. In Advances in bean production (pp. 371-401). Nova Science Publishers.

Cetyl Alcohol

Other name: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant

1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:

Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:

When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.

4. References:

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)

- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)

- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)

Glyceryl Stearate

Function: Emollient, Emulsifying

1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:

Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.

3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council

- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review

- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Tromethamine

Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Tromethamine:

Tromethamine, also known as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, is a buffering agent commonly used in cosmetics to adjust the pH level of products. It is a synthetic organic compound that is water-soluble and odorless.

2. Use:

Tromethamine is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster to help maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is often included in skincare products, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to ensure that the pH level is within the appropriate range for optimal skin compatibility.

3. Usage Tromethamine:

When using cosmetics containing Tromethamine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid direct contact with eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Tromethamine, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Arctander, S. (1969). Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals). Montclair, NJ: Allured Publishing Corporation.

- Loden, M. (2003). The clinical benefit of moisturizers. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 17(S1), 20-23.

- Korting, H. C., & Kerscher, M. J. (2006). The efficacy of moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 19(5), 256-261.

Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising

1. Definition Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:

Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that forms a gel-like consistency when hydrated.

2. Use:

Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and viscosity of the product, allowing for easier application and better spreadability on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of ingredients in the formulation.

3. Usage Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:

When using products containing Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6

- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6: Functions and Applications" in Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/18674/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6-functions-and-applications

- "Safety Assessment of Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581818783125

Octyldodecanol

Other name: 2-Octyldodecan-1-ol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Octyldodecanol:

Octyldodecanol is a clear, colorless liquid alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent. It is derived from fatty alcohols and is known for its ability to improve the texture and feel of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Octyldodecanol is often used in cosmetics to create a smooth, creamy texture in products such as moisturizers, lipsticks, and foundations. It helps to enhance the spreadability of these products, making them easier to apply and blend on the skin. Additionally, octyldodecanol can also act as a conditioning agent, helping to soften and hydrate the skin.

3. Usage Octyldodecanol:

When using products containing octyldodecanol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to avoid products with high concentrations of octyldodecanol to prevent irritation.

4. References:

- "Octyldodecanol." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/octyldodecanol.

- "Octyldodecanol." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/octyldodecanol/.

- "Octyldodecanol." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/octyldodecanol.

Glyceryl Caprylate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.

3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.

Caprylyl Glycol

Other name: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol

Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

Microcrystalline Cellulose

Function: Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Slip Modifier

1. Definition Microcrystalline Cellulose:

Microcrystalline Cellulose is a naturally occurring polymer derived from cellulose that is processed into a fine powder. It is commonly used as a bulking agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer in cosmetic formulations.

2. Use:

Microcrystalline Cellulose is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and powders. It helps to thicken formulations, increase viscosity, and provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin. Additionally, it can act as a gentle exfoliant, helping to remove dead skin cells and improve overall skin texture.

3. Usage Microcrystalline Cellulose:

When using products containing Microcrystalline Cellulose, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to their entire face or body. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Amin, M. C. I. M., & Ahmad, N. (2016). Microcrystalline cellulose as a versatile excipient in drug dosage form: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8(1), 38-42.

- Ansel, H. C., Allen, L. V., & Popovich, N. G. (2017). Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

- Williams, A. C., & Barry, B. W. (2012). Penetration enhancers. Pharmaceutical research, 9(4), 559-565.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer

Function: Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Opacifying, Anticaking Agent, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer:

Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a copolymer of sodium acrylate and sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate, which helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, sunscreens, and hair care products. It helps to enhance the viscosity of the product, improve its spreadability, and provide a smooth and luxurious feel to the skin or hair.

3. Usage Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer:

When using products containing Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Polymer Chemistry: The Basic Concepts" by Paul C. Hiemenz and Timothy P. Lodge

- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach

Polyisobutene

Other name: PIB

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming

1. Definition Polyisobutene:

Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer derived from isobutylene, a byproduct of petroleum refining. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and binder.

2. Use:

Polyisobutene is often included in cosmetic formulations for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture in creams, lotions, and lip products. Additionally, it can act as a moisturizing agent, helping to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Polyisobutene:

When using cosmetics containing polyisobutene, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing polyisobutene on a larger area of the skin.

4. References:

- "Polyisobutene in Cosmetics: A Review of its Uses and Safety." Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, 2016, pp. 187-195.

- "Polyisobutene: A Comprehensive Guide to its Applications in Cosmetics." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 28, no. 5, 2006, pp. 321-330.

- "Safety Assessment of Polyisobutene as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2019.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Other name: Octoxyglycerin

Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

Glyceryl Polymethacrylate

Function: Viscosity Controlling, Film Forming

1. Definition Glyceryl Polymethacrylate:

Glyceryl Polymethacrylate is a synthetic polymer derived from glycerin and methacrylic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and viscosity controlling agent.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Polymethacrylate is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, while also providing a protective film on the skin to lock in moisture. This ingredient is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and foundations.

3. Usage Glyceryl Polymethacrylate:

When using products containing Glyceryl Polymethacrylate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply the product as directed, avoiding contact with the eyes and mucous membranes. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any sensitivity.

4. References:

- J. M. G. Cowley, J. M. Davis, and R. W. Horne. "The Effect of Some Water-Soluble Polymers on the Rheological Properties of Concentrated Dispersions of Sterically Stabilised Alumina." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 47, no. 3, 1974, pp. 401-412.

- K. H. An, J. E. Jeong, and J. M. Lee. "Preparation and Characterization of Glyceryl Polymethacrylate Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery System." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 17, no. 4, 2017, pp. 2670-2673.

- C. L. B. R. Rodrigues, A. C. S. Costa, and M. G. A. Fonseca. "Thermal and Rheological Properties of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Glyceryl Polymethacrylate Blends." Polymer Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 4, 2009, pp. 547-556.

Cellulose Gum

Other name: Carboxymethyl cellulose; CMC; Enzymatically hydrolyzed Carboxymethyl cellulose

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming

1. Definition Cellulose Gum:

Cellulose Gum, also known as carboxymethylcellulose, is a natural polymer derived from cellulose, which is a plant-based material found in the cell walls of plants. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Cellulose Gum is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, as well as provide a moisturizing effect. Additionally, Cellulose Gum can also help to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water-based ingredients in formulations.

3. Usage Cellulose Gum:

When using products containing Cellulose Gum, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with Cellulose Gum to ensure they do not have an allergic reaction. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting Cellulose Gum in the eyes or mouth, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- "Cellulose Gum," Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cellulose-gum

- "Carboxymethylcellulose," Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/carboxymethylcellulose

- "Cellulose Gum," The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/cellulose-gum/

Sorbitan Oleate

Function: Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Sorbitan Oleate:

Sorbitan Oleate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and stabilizer.

2. Use:

Sorbitan Oleate is used in cosmetics to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in creams, lotions, and makeup products to create a smooth texture and prevent separation of ingredients.

3. Usage Sorbitan Oleate:

When using cosmetics containing Sorbitan Oleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and experience allergic reactions or skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Sorbitan Oleate to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Sorbitan Oleate" in the Cosmetics Info database. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-oleate

- "Safety Assessment of Sorbitan Esters as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/sorbitan%20esters.pdf

- "Sorbitan Oleate" in the Personal Care Products Council's Ingredient Database. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredients-dictionary/sorbitan-oleate

Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside

Other name: Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside

Function: Sufactant

1. Definition Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside:

Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose. It is a natural and biodegradable ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties.

2. Use:

Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside is used in various skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It is known for its ability to effectively remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without causing irritation. Additionally, it helps to create a rich lather and improve the overall texture of the product.

3. Usage Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside:

When using products containing Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application. It is generally considered safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes and to keep it out of reach of children.

4. References:

- "Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/caprylyl-capryl-glucoside.

- "Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylyl-capryl-glucoside.

- "Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside." Making Cosmetics, www.makingcosmetics.com/Caprylyl-Capryl-Glucoside_p_1387.html.

Fragrance

Other name: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

Linalool

Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance

1. Definition Linalool:

Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.

3. Usage Linalool:

When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.

- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Butylphenyl Methylpropional

Other name: 2-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)propionaldehyde; Lilial

Function: Perfuming

1. Definition Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional, also known as Lilial, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of lily of the valley.

2. Use:

Butylphenyl Methylpropional is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a fresh and floral scent to products, enhancing their overall sensory appeal.

3. Usage Butylphenyl Methylpropional:

When using products containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2018). Opinion on Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_232.pdf

- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylphenyl-methylpropional

- Environmental Working Group (EWG). (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702319-BUTYLPHENYL_METHYLPROPIONAL/

Limonene

Other name: L-limonene; D-limonene

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.