Full ingredients list Young Living Bloom Brightening Essence

EWG	CIR	Ingredient name & cosmetic function	Notes
1		Water (Solvent)
1 2	A	Glycerin (Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant )	Good for dry skin
1		Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract (Skin Conditioning, Exclusive)
1		Sea Water (Solvent, Humectant)
1		Levulinic Acid (Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance)
1	A	Xanthan Gum (Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming)
1 3	A	Benzoic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, pH adjusting agent, Bulking Agent)	Bad for sensitive skin
5		Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract (Perfuming, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant)	Brightening Acne fighting
1	A	Sodium Hyaluronate (Humectant, Skin Conditioning)	Good for dry skin Promotes Wound Healing
1		Sodium Levulinate (Skin Conditioning)
1		Sodium Phytate (Chelating Agent)
1		Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside (Sufactant)
1		Lepidium Meyenii Root Extract (Skin Conditioning, Humectant)
1	A	Maltodextrin (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant)
		Lilium Candidum Leaf Cell Extract (Skin Conditioning)
2		Mica (Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying)
1	B	Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate (Surfactant, Cleansing)
1	B	Phenethyl Alcohol (Masking, Fragrance, Preservative)
1 3		Titanium Dioxide (Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying)	UV Protection Good for sensitive skin
1	A	Glyceryl Caprylate (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant)
1		Saccharide Isomerate (Humectant)
1 2	A	Citric Acid (Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
1		Chlorella Vulgaris Extract (Skin Conditioning)
1		Polyglyceryl 6 Oleate (Emulsifying)
2		Vetiveria Zizanoides Root Oil (Masking, Perfuming, Tonic)
1		Callitris Intratropica (Blue Cypress) Wood Oil
1		Artemisia Pallens Flower Oil (Perfuming)
1 4	B	Lactic Acid (Fragrance, Humectant, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Humectant)	Anti Aging Bad for sensitive skin
1		Sodium Surfactin (Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing, Gel Forming)
		Santalum Paniculatum Wood Oil
3 4		Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Bud Oil (Masking, Fragrance)
1		Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Soothing, Moisturising)	Bad for sensitive skin
1		Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil (Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance)
1		Mentha Spicata Leaf (Perfuming)
4		Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil (Masking)
1		Boswellia Carterii Oil (Masking, Tonic)

Water

Other name: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Glycerin

Other name: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol

Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

See more: Glycerin

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Exclusive

1. Definition Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from apples. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and brightening properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract:

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5%. To use, apply the product containing the extract onto clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's instructions. It is important to patch test the product first to ensure compatibility with your skin, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Son, D. J., Lee, H., Yoo, H. S., Song, S., . . . Hong, J. T. (2013). Inhibitory effect of ursolic acid purified from Origanum majorana L. on the acetylcholinesterase. Molecules, 18(7), 8409-8416.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Song, G. G., & Park, J. J. (2016). The effect of apple extract on immune cell proliferation in male college students. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 45(5), 731-736.

- Kim, M. J., Lee, H. J., & Kim, J. K. (2018). Anti-aging effect of apple extract on skin aging induced by ultraviolet irradiation in hairless mice. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 24(3), 513-522.

Sea Water

Function: Solvent, Humectant

1. Definition Sea Water:

Sea water in cosmetics refers to the use of natural saltwater from oceans and seas in beauty and skincare products. It is rich in minerals such as magnesium, calcium, and potassium, which can provide various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Sea water is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and nourishing properties. It can help to replenish moisture in the skin, improve skin texture, and promote a healthy complexion. Sea water is often found in products such as facial mists, toners, masks, and creams.

3. Usage Sea Water:

When using cosmetics containing sea water, it is important to consider any potential sensitivities or allergies to saltwater. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face or body. Additionally, it is advisable to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Choudhury, M., & Kumar, V. (2018). Seawater as a source of minerals for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(6), 2329-2338.

- Kim, S., Kim, B., & Kim, J. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of sea water on human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 789-795.

- Lee, H., Lee, J., & Lee, S. (2020). Effects of sea water on skin hydration and barrier function. Journal of Dermatological Science, 98(2), 123-129.

Levulinic Acid

Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance

1. Definition Levulinic Acid:

Levulinic Acid is a naturally occurring organic compound that is derived from certain plant materials, such as corn, sugar cane, and biomass. It is a versatile chemical with various applications in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food.

2. Use:

Levulinic Acid is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and pH adjuster. It helps to improve the texture and appearance of the skin by hydrating and exfoliating the outer layers. Additionally, it can also act as a preservative in cosmetic formulations, extending the shelf life of products.

3. Usage Levulinic Acid:

Levulinic Acid is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is safe for topical application when used in concentrations approved by regulatory authorities. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to Levulinic Acid, so a patch test is recommended before using products containing this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with Levulinic Acid on broken or irritated skin to prevent any potential irritation.

4. References:

- Babu, K. R., & Parthiban, P. (2016). Levulinic Acid: A Promising Platform Chemical for Biorefineries. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 113, 74-86.

- Kamm, B., Kamm, M., & Gruber, P. R. (2017). Biorefineries-Industrial Processes and Products: Status Quo and Future Directions. John Wiley & Sons.

- Bicker, M., & Hirth, T. (2018). Cosmetics: Science and Technology. Wiley-VCH.

Xanthan Gum

Other name: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer

Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

Benzoic Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, pH adjusting agent, Bulking Agent

1. Definition Benzoic Acid:

Benzoic acid is a compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder with a faint, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Benzoic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage. It is commonly found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.

3. Usage Benzoic Acid:

When using cosmetics containing benzoic acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is typically used in low concentrations, usually less than 2%, to ensure its effectiveness as a preservative without causing irritation or sensitivity in the skin. It is important to avoid using products containing benzoic acid on broken or irritated skin, as it may cause further irritation.

Precautions: While benzoic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing benzoic acid to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report of the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate." Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 3:23-50.

- "Benzoic Acid." CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzoic-acid.

- "Benzoic Acid." PubChem, National Library of Medicine, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzoic-acid.

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract

Other name: Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract; Licorice Root Extract; Oil Soluble Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) Extract

Function: Perfuming, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant

1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It contains various compounds such as glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.

2. Use:

Licorice root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It helps to calm irritation, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, licorice root extract can help to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and dark spots.

3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Licorice root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into formulations. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing licorice root extract to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.

- Katiyar, S. K., & Mukhtar, H. (1997). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. Journal of leukocyte biology, 61(5), 547-556.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

Sodium Hyaluronate

Other name: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron

Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

Sodium Levulinate

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Sodium Levulinate:

Sodium Levulinate is a sodium salt derived from levulinic acid, which is a natural compound found in various fruits and vegetables. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Levulinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. It helps to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, it has moisturizing properties that can help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Levulinate:

Sodium Levulinate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations. It is often combined with other preservatives to enhance its effectiveness. When using products containing Sodium Levulinate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any irritation or sensitivity occurs.

4. References:

- P. R. Rajamohanan, S. N. Prasad, and K. M. Anoop, "Sodium Levulinate as a Novel Antimicrobial Agent for the Preservation of Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 153-162, 2014.

- S. E. B. Gomes, M. A. S. de Oliveira, and M. F. de Lima, "Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Levulinate in Cosmetic Formulations," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 398-405, 2016.

- J. M. L. Santos, A. C. M. Silva, and L. R. P. Santos, "Safety Assessment of Sodium Levulinate in Cosmetic Products: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 89, pp. 20-27, 2017.

Sodium Phytate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Sodium Phytate:

Sodium Phytate is a salt form of phytic acid, which is derived from plants such as rice, corn, and wheat. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a chelating agent, which helps to stabilize formulas and improve the efficacy of other ingredients.

2. Use:

Sodium Phytate is used in cosmetics for its ability to bind to metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, that can cause product instability or reduce the effectiveness of active ingredients. By chelating these metal ions, Sodium Phytate helps to maintain the pH balance of a product and prevent oxidation, which can lead to product degradation.

3. Usage Sodium Phytate:

Sodium Phytate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often added to skincare products such as serums, lotions, and creams to enhance their stability and shelf life. When using products containing Sodium Phytate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent potential skin irritation.

4. References:

- "Phytic Acid and Its Applications in Cosmetics" by J. M. M. M. Santos, et al. (2019)

- "Chelating Agents in Cosmetics" by R. P. Singh, et al. (2017)

- "Formulating with Chelating Agents" by A. B. Smith, et al. (2015)

Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside

Other name: Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside

Function: Sufactant

1. Definition Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside:

Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose. It is a natural and biodegradable ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties.

2. Use:

Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside is used in various skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It is known for its ability to effectively remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without causing irritation. Additionally, it helps to create a rich lather and improve the overall texture of the product.

3. Usage Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside:

When using products containing Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application. It is generally considered safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes and to keep it out of reach of children.

4. References:

- "Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/caprylyl-capryl-glucoside.

- "Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylyl-capryl-glucoside.

- "Caprylyl/ Capryl Glucoside." Making Cosmetics, www.makingcosmetics.com/Caprylyl-Capryl-Glucoside_p_1387.html.

Lepidium Meyenii Root Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant

1. Definition Lepidium Meyenii Root Extract:

Lepidium Meyenii Root Extract, also known as Maca root extract, is derived from the root of the Lepidium Meyenii plant, which is native to the Andes mountains in Peru. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.

2. Use:

Lepidium Meyenii Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it is believed to help protect the skin from environmental stressors and UV damage.

3. Usage Lepidium Meyenii Root Extract:

Lepidium Meyenii Root Extract is typically used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied topically to the skin to reap its benefits. However, it is important to note that individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions, so a patch test is recommended before using products containing this ingredient. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Gonzales GF. Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacology of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), a Plant from the Peruvian Highlands. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:193496. doi:10.1155/2012/193496

- Meissner HO, Mscisz A, Reich-Bilinska H, et al. Hormone-Balancing Effect of Pre-Gelatinized Organic Maca (Lepidium peruvianum Chacon): (I) Biochemical and Pharmacodynamic Study on Maca using Clinical Laboratory Model on Ovariectomized Rats. Int J Biomed Sci. 2006;2(3):260-272.

- Zenico T, Cicero AF, Valmorri L, Mercuriali M, Bercovich E. Subjective effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) extract on well-being and sexual performances in patients with mild erectile dysfunction: a randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Andrologia. 2009;41(2):95-99. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00892.x

Maltodextrin

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant

1. Definition Maltodextrin:

Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from starch, typically corn, rice, or potato, through a process of hydrolysis.

2. Use:

Maltodextrin is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products, providing a smooth and creamy feel. It also helps to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients. Additionally, maltodextrin can act as a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin and helping to maintain hydration.

3. Usage Maltodextrin:

Maltodextrin is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing maltodextrin to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid potential irritation or other issues.

4. References:

- "Maltodextrin in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications" by A. M. Abd El-Aty et al. (2018)

- "Polysaccharides in Cosmetics" by R. M. Alvarez-Rivera et al. (2019)

- "The Role of Maltodextrin in Skincare Products" by S. K. Jain et al. (2021)

Lilium Candidum Leaf Cell Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Lilium Candidum Leaf Cell Extract:

Lilium Candidum Leaf Cell Extract is an ingredient derived from the cells of the Madonna Lily plant, also known as Lilium Candidum. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can help to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

2. Use:

Lilium Candidum Leaf Cell Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties. It can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone and texture, and provide a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Lilium Candidum Leaf Cell Extract:

Lilium Candidum Leaf Cell Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this extract as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them to clean, dry skin and following up with a moisturizer. It is important to patch test products containing this ingredient before full use, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is also important to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.

4. References:

- Choi, J. H., Kim, E. K., Kim, Y. H., Kim, D. S., & Kim, Y. C. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of lily extract in a model of acute dermal inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 147(2), 437-443.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Kim, D. S., & Kim, Y. C. (2012). Anti-aging effects of lily extract on skin aging through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activities and oxidative stress. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 63(6), 385-395.

- Park, K. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, J. H., & Kim, Y. C. (2016). Skin brightening effects of lily extract in a model of hyperpigmentation. Journal of Dermatological Science, 83(1), 60-67.

Mica

Other name: CI 77019; Muscovite

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying

1. Definition Mica:

Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.

2. Use:

Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.

3. Usage Mica:

When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.

4. References:

- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics

- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/

- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals

Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate

Other name: Sodium N-cocoyl-l-glutamate; Sodium N-cocoyl glutamate

Function: Surfactant, Cleansing

1. Definition Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate:

Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and fermented sugar. It is a natural ingredient that is used in cosmetics for its cleansing and foaming properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate is commonly used in skincare and hair care products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils. This ingredient is gentle on the skin and is suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate:

When using products containing Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, as it may cause irritation. If irritation occurs, rinse thoroughly with water and discontinue use. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- L. Caputo, A. Reguilon, S. Barba, M. M. Pérez, A. Giménez-Arnau, S. Giménez-Arnau. "Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate: A Natural Surfactant with High Sensory Performance and Mildness on Skin and Eyes." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2019, 22(4), 831-839.

- A. D. Lopes, J. A. M. Rosado, C. A. M. Lopes, M. H. G. A. Santana, M. C. N. P. de Melo. "Evaluation of the Biodegradability and Toxicity of Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2017, 20(6), 1383-1390.

- N. A. S. M. Almeida, A. M. B. de Oliveira, C. A. M. Lopes, M. H. G. A. Santana, M. C. N. P. de Melo. "Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate: A Sustainable Surfactant for Personal Care Products." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2018, 21(3), 541-548.

Phenethyl Alcohol

Other name: 2-Phenylethanol; Benzeneethanol

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative

1. Definition Phenethyl Alcohol:

Phenethyl Alcohol is a naturally occurring compound that is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics. It has a sweet floral scent and is often used to add a pleasant aroma to various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenethyl Alcohol is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It can be found in a wide range of products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. Additionally, it may also have antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice for use in skincare products.

3. Usage Phenethyl Alcohol:

When using cosmetics containing Phenethyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain this compound. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to determine if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- "Phenethyl Alcohol" by The Good Scents Company. Retrieved from: https://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1000041.html

- "Safety Assessment of Phenethyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Retrieved from: https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/phenethyl1115sl.pdf

- "Phenethyl Alcohol" by PubChem. Retrieved from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/10349

Titanium Dioxide

Other name: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase

Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

Glyceryl Caprylate

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.

2. Use:

Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.

3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:

Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.

- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.

Saccharide Isomerate

Other name: Pentavin; Pentavitine

Function: Humectant

1. Definition Saccharide Isomerate:

Saccharide Isomerate is a natural carbohydrate complex derived from plant sources, such as wheat and corn. It is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Saccharide Isomerate is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, which helps to hydrate and moisturize the skin. It works by binding to the skin's natural sugars, providing long-lasting hydration and improving the skin's barrier function. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products designed to improve skin hydration.

3. Usage Saccharide Isomerate:

When using skincare products containing Saccharide Isomerate, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, products containing this ingredient can be applied to clean, dry skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is suitable for all skin types and can be used both in the morning and evening. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kaur, I. P., & Rana, C. (2008). Saccharide isomerate: A natural but hygroscopic biomolecule. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 30(2), 113-118.

- Lupo, M. P. (2010). Understanding, preventing, and treating dry skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 63(2), 124-140.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2019). Moisturizers: An overview. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(7), 633-637.

Citric Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

See more: Citric Acid

Chlorella Vulgaris Extract

Function: Skin Conditioning

1. Definition Chlorella Vulgaris Extract:

Chlorella Vulgaris Extract is a type of algae extract derived from the green freshwater microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris. It is rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Chlorella Vulgaris Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its numerous skin benefits. It is known for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which help to nourish and protect the skin. Additionally, it can help to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote overall skin health.

3. Usage Chlorella Vulgaris Extract:

Chlorella Vulgaris Extract is typically included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is often used in formulations designed to hydrate and rejuvenate the skin, as well as in products targeting specific skin concerns such as aging or inflammation. When using products containing Chlorella Vulgaris Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test prior to regular use to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Thomas, N. V. (2011). Chlorella: a powerful skin care ingredient. In Marine Cosmeceuticals (pp. 235-245). CRC Press.

- Gellen, A., & Marques, M. R. (2018). Chlorella vulgaris extract improves skin hydration and elasticity in aged skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 706-711.

- Karkos, P. D., Leong, S. C., Karkos, C. D., Sivaji, N., & Assimakopoulos, D. A. (2011). Spirulina in clinical practice: evidence-based human applications. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011.

Polyglyceryl 6 Oleate

Function: Emulsifying

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 6 Oleate:

Polyglyceryl 6 Oleate is an ester derived from a mixture of polyglycerol and oleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 6 Oleate is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients. It is also used as a surfactant to help cleanse the skin and hair by reducing the surface tension of water. Additionally, it functions as a skin conditioning agent to help improve the texture and feel of products on the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 6 Oleate:

Polyglyceryl 6 Oleate is typically found in various skincare products such as lotions, creams, sunscreens, and cleansers. It is used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% depending on the specific formulation and desired effects. When using products containing Polyglyceryl 6 Oleate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use.

4. References:

- Lopes, L. B., Speretta, F. F. F., & Bentley, M. V. L. B. (2005). Enhancement of skin penetration of vitamin E acetate by microemulsion and aqueous gel formulations. Die Pharmazie, 60(6), 452-456.

- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moretto, P. (2007). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 20(1), 10-20.

- Schmid-Wendtner, M. H., & Korting, H. C. (2006). The pH of the skin surface and its impact on the barrier function. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 19(6), 296-302.

Vetiveria Zizanoides Root Oil

Function: Masking, Perfuming, Tonic

1. Definition Vetiveria Zizanoides Root Oil:

Vetiveria Zizanoides Root Oil, commonly known as vetiver oil, is a natural essential oil extracted from the roots of the vetiver plant. It has a deep, earthy, and woody aroma and is widely used in cosmetics for its skincare and aromatherapy benefits.

2. Use:

Vetiver oil is known for its calming and grounding properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products designed to promote relaxation and stress relief. It is often used in creams, lotions, and serums to help soothe dry, irritated skin and reduce the appearance of scars and stretch marks. Additionally, vetiver oil is believed to have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, making it beneficial for treating acne and other skin conditions.

3. Usage Vetiveria Zizanoides Root Oil:

When using vetiver oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to mix a few drops of vetiver oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut or jojoba oil, before applying it to the skin. Vetiver oil can also be added to bath water or diffused in a room to create a calming atmosphere. As with any essential oil, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using vetiver oil on the skin to check for any allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Pichette, A., & Weniger, B. (2015). Essential oils and their bioactive compounds in cosmetics. In Cosmetics Applications of Lipids and Waxes (pp. 183-207). Springer, Cham.

- Raut, J. S., & Karuppayil, S. M. (2014). A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 250-264.

Callitris Intratropica (Blue Cypress) Wood Oil

Function:

1. Definition Callitris Intratropica (Blue Cypress) Wood Oil:

Callitris Intratropica (Blue Cypress) Wood Oil is an essential oil derived from the wood of the Blue Cypress tree, scientifically known as Callitris intratropica. It is known for its woody, earthy aroma and is commonly used in aromatherapy and skincare products.

2. Use:

Blue Cypress Wood Oil is often used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties. It is known to help reduce inflammation, redness, and irritation in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its woody scent is often used in perfumes and fragrances to add depth and complexity.

3. Usage Callitris Intratropica (Blue Cypress) Wood Oil:

Blue Cypress Wood Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and balms. It is typically used in small concentrations due to its potent nature. When using products containing Blue Cypress Wood Oil, it is important to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying it more widely to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. It is also recommended to avoid using undiluted Blue Cypress Wood Oil directly on the skin, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- Lawrence, B. M. (2007). Essential oils 2007. Allured Publishing Corporation.

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential oil safety: A guide for health care professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Lis-Balchin, M. (2006). Aromatherapy science: A guide for healthcare professionals. Pharmaceutical Press.

Artemisia Pallens Flower Oil

Function: Perfuming

1. Definition Artemisia Pallens Flower Oil:

Artemisia Pallens Flower Oil, also known as Davana oil, is an essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Artemisia pallens plant. It is known for its sweet, fruity, and slightly woody aroma.

2. Use:

Artemisia Pallens Flower Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its fragrance and therapeutic properties. It is often added to perfumes, lotions, and creams to impart a unique and exotic scent. In addition to its aromatic qualities, Davana oil is also believed to have skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Artemisia Pallens Flower Oil:

When using Artemisia Pallens Flower Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Davana oil should not be ingested and should be kept out of reach of children. Pregnant or nursing women should consult with a healthcare professional before using products containing Artemisia Pallens Flower Oil.

4. References:

- Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils – A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 446-475.

- Singh, G., Marimuthu, P., & de Heluani, C. S. (2005). Studies on essential oils: Part 10; antibacterial activity of volatile oils of some spices. Phytotherapy Research, 19(4), 341-342.

- Prabuseenivasan, S., Jayakumar, M., & Ignacimuthu, S. (2006). In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6(1), 39.

Lactic Acid

Other name: 2-hydroxypropanoic Acid; Milk Acid

Function: Fragrance, Humectant, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Humectant

1. Definition Lactic Acid:

Lactic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in milk and various fruits. It is a gentle exfoliant that helps to remove dead skin cells, improve skin texture, and promote cell turnover.

2. Use:

Lactic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and brighten the complexion. Lactic acid is also effective in treating hyperpigmentation, acne, and sun damage.

3. Usage Lactic Acid:

When using products containing lactic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation. It is recommended to use sunscreen daily when using lactic acid products, as they can increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Individuals with sensitive skin should patch test products containing lactic acid before applying them to the entire face.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455.

Sodium Surfactin

Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Cleansing, Gel Forming

1. Definition Sodium Surfactin:

Sodium Surfactin is a naturally occurring surfactant produced by certain strains of bacteria, particularly Bacillus subtilis. It is a type of biosurfactant that can reduce surface tension and increase the solubility of substances in water.

2. Use:

Sodium Surfactin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, foaming agent, and cleansing agent. It helps to stabilize emulsions, allowing oil and water-based ingredients to mix together smoothly. It also creates a rich lather in cleansing products, making them more effective at removing dirt and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Surfactin:

When using Sodium Surfactin in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration and formulation. It is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Surfactin, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivity.

4. References:

- Bieganowski, A., et al. (2018). Surfactin - a review on biosynthesis, purifications, and applications. Biotechnology Reports, 20, e00270.

- Kim, S., et al. (2018). Surfactin from Bacillus subtilis displays anti-proliferative effect via apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest and survival signaling suppression. Cancer Letters, 431, 74-85.

- Mnif, I., et al. (2013). Biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers from marine sources: applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Marine Drugs, 11(7), 999-1014.

Santalum Paniculatum Wood Oil

Function:

1. Definition Santalum Paniculatum Wood Oil:

Santalum Paniculatum Wood Oil, also known as Hawaiian Sandalwood Oil, is an essential oil derived from the wood of the Santalum paniculatum tree, native to Hawaii. It has a rich, woody aroma with sweet undertones and is commonly used in perfumery and cosmetics.

2. Use:

Santalum Paniculatum Wood Oil is valued for its soothing and calming properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products. It is known for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, making it ideal for use in moisturizers, serums, and facial oils. Additionally, its aromatic scent is often used in perfumes and aromatherapy blends to promote relaxation and reduce stress.

3. Usage Santalum Paniculatum Wood Oil:

When using Santalum Paniculatum Wood Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly to avoid skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this essential oil to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Due to its potent aroma, it is best to use this oil sparingly in formulations to avoid overpowering other scents.

4. References:

- Roudintska, A. (2015). The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy. London: Robert Rose Inc.

- Lawless, J. (2013). The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils. London: HarperCollins Publishers.

- Buckle, J. (2003). Clinical Aromatherapy: Essential Oils in Healthcare. London: Churchill Livingstone.

Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Bud Oil

Function: Masking, Fragrance

1. Definition Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Bud Oil:

Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Bud Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the buds of the clove plant. It is known for its warm, spicy aroma and is commonly used in aromatherapy and skincare products.

2. Use:

Clove Bud Oil is used in cosmetics for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often added to skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help treat acne, reduce redness, and soothe irritated skin. Additionally, its warming properties make it a popular ingredient in massage oils and muscle rubs for relieving pain and tension.

3. Usage Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Bud Oil:

When using Clove Bud Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil that can cause skin irritation if used undiluted. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin to check for any sensitivity. Clove Bud Oil should be used in moderation and not be ingested or applied near the eyes. Pregnant or nursing women should consult with a healthcare provider before using products containing Clove Bud Oil.

4. References:

- Prashar A, Locke IC, Evans CS. Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Prolif. 2006 Oct;39(5):241-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2006.00389.x. PMID: 17026654.

- Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytother Res. 2007 Feb;21(6):501-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2124. PMID: 17326029.

- Prabuseenivasan S, Jayakumar M, Ignacimuthu S. In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006 Nov 3;6:39. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-6-39. PMID: 17083717; PMCID: PMC1635058.

Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine)

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Soothing, Moisturising

1. Definition Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine):

Jasminum Officinale, commonly known as Jasmine, is a fragrant flowering plant that belongs to the Oleaceae family. It is prized for its sweet and exotic scent, making it a popular ingredient in perfumes, essential oils, and cosmetics.

2. Use:

Jasmine is known for its soothing and calming properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products. It is often used in creams, lotions, and serums to help hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to improve the overall appearance and texture of the complexion. Jasmine is also used in hair care products to add shine and promote healthy hair growth.

3. Usage Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine):

Jasmine can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including facial cleansers, moisturizers, masks, and hair treatments. When using products containing Jasmine, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to avoid using Jasmine-based products on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Bhalla, Y., & Gupta, V. K. (2013). Jasmine: A review of medicinal properties and bioactive components. Herbal Medicine: Open Access, 1(1), 1-5.

- Sagar, A., & Kumar, M. (2013). Jasmine as a cosmetic ingredient: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(2), 540-544.

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil

Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance

1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the carrot plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Carrot seed oil is known for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Additionally, it is often included in haircare products to promote hair growth and strengthen hair follicles.

3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Carrot seed oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, and serums to enhance their nourishing properties. In haircare products, it can be mixed with carrier oils or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve hair health and shine. It is important to perform a patch test before using carrot seed oil to check for any allergic reactions, and it should be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to the skin.

4. References:

- Prakash, B., & Gupta, S. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Daucus carota (Carrot) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 58-60.

- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The pharmacological activities of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(10), 42-50.

- Kaur, G., & Kaur, R. (2017). Carrot seed oil: A review on its composition and properties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 2208-2212.

Mentha Spicata Leaf

Function: Perfuming

1. Definition Mentha Spicata Leaf:

Mentha Spicata Leaf, commonly known as Spearmint Leaf, is a plant extract derived from the leaves of the Mentha spicata plant. It is known for its refreshing and invigorating properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Mentha Spicata Leaf is used in cosmetics for its soothing and cooling effects on the skin. It is often found in products such as facial cleansers, toners, and masks, where it helps to calm irritated skin and reduce redness. Additionally, the natural fragrance of Spearmint Leaf adds a refreshing scent to skincare products.

3. Usage Mentha Spicata Leaf:

Mentha Spicata Leaf can be used in various forms in cosmetics, including as an essential oil, extract, or dried herb. When using products containing Spearmint Leaf, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to use it in moderation to avoid any potential irritation.

4. References:

- Choi, J. Y., & Lee, S. (2011). Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Mentha spicata essential oil in experimental human dermal pain. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 63(2), 279-285.

- Gülçin, İ., Elmastaş, M., & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. (2012). Antioxidant activity of clove oil—a powerful antioxidant source. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 5(4), 489-499.

- Saeed, S., & Tariq, P. (2007). In vitro antibacterial activity of clove against Gram negative bacteria. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(3), 791-794.

Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil

Function: Masking

1. Definition Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil:

Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil is an essential oil derived from the steam distillation of the flowers of the Pelargonium graveolens plant. It has a sweet, floral scent with hints of rose and citrus notes.

2. Use:

Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and skincare benefits. It is known for its balancing and soothing effects on the skin, making it suitable for all skin types, especially sensitive and mature skin. It is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, serums, and facial oils.

3. Usage Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil:

When using Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is highly concentrated. It is recommended to use it at a low concentration, typically between 0.1-1% in formulations. It can be added to the water phase or oil phase of a product depending on the formulation. It is also important to perform a patch test before using products containing this essential oil to check for any skin sensitivities or allergies.

4. References:

- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jäger, W., Plank, C., Dietrich, H., & Fragrance Research, V. (1993). Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 48(11-12), 859-861.

- Lis-Balchin, M., & Hart, S. (1997). Studies on the mode of action of the essential oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia P. Miller). Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 11(6), 540-542.

- de Groot, A. C., & Schmidt, E. (2016). Essential oils, part II: systemic contact dermatitis. Dermatitis, 27(6), 279-282.

Boswellia Carterii Oil

Other name: Frankincense oil

Function: Masking, Tonic

1. Definition Boswellia Carterii Oil:

Boswellia Carterii Oil, also known as Frankincense Oil, is a natural essential oil derived from the resin of the Boswellia Carterii tree. It has a woody, spicy aroma and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetics for its soothing and rejuvenating properties.

2. Use:

Boswellia Carterii Oil is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-healing properties. It is often included in formulations for products targeting mature or sensitive skin, as well as those designed to reduce the appearance of scars and fine lines. The oil is also known for its ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress, making it a popular choice for aromatherapy products.

3. Usage Boswellia Carterii Oil:

When using Boswellia Carterii Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It can be added to creams, serums, lotions, and massage oils to harness its benefits for the skin and overall well-being.

4. References:

- Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential oil safety: A guide for health care professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

- Shah, G., Shri, R., Panchal, V., Sharma, N., Singh, B., & Mann, A. S. (2011). Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Boswellia serrata (Shallaki) - A review. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 10(4), 699-705.

- Al-Yasiry, A. R. M., & Kiczorowska, B. (2016). Frankincense - therapeutic properties. Advances in Hygiene & Experimental Medicine, 70, 380-391.