1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:

1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.

2. Use:

1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.

3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:

When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.

4. References:

- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820

1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.

2. Use:

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.

3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.

- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.

1. Definition Salicylic Acid:

Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.

2. Use:

Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.

3. Usage Salicylic Acid:

When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765

- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

1. Definition Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate:

Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate is a polyglycerol ester derived from lauric acid, which is a fatty acid found in coconut oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together.

2. Use:

Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, lotions, creams, and makeup to stabilize formulations and improve their texture. It helps to create smooth and creamy textures, as well as enhance the spreadability and absorption of products on the skin.

3. Usage Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate:

When using products containing Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Polyglyceryl 10 Laurate to ensure there are no adverse reactions.

4. References:

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

- "Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate" by The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-10-laurate

1. Definition Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.

2. Use:

Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.

3. Usage Butylene Glycol:

Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol

- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol

1. Definition Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.

2. Use:

Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.

3. Usage Disodium Edta:

Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133

1. Definition Isopropyl Alcohol:

Isopropyl Alcohol, also known as rubbing alcohol, is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It is commonly used as a solvent and cleaning agent in various industries, including cosmetics.

2. Use:

Isopropyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics as an antiseptic to cleanse the skin before applying makeup or other skincare products. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and bacteria from the skin's surface, making it an essential ingredient in many cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Isopropyl Alcohol:

When using Isopropyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines to avoid any potential side effects. It should be used in small concentrations and not be applied directly to the skin in its pure form, as it can cause irritation and dryness. It is best to use products containing Isopropyl Alcohol as directed by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face.

4. References:

- "Isopropyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Uses and Precautions." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-alcohol.

- "Isopropyl Alcohol Safety Data Sheet." ScienceLab.com, www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926483.

- "The Role of Isopropyl Alcohol in Cosmetics." DermNet NZ, www.dermnetnz.org/topics/isopropyl-alcohol/.

1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:

Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:

When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics

1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.

2. Use:

Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.

3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:

When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.

- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.

- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.

1. Definition Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract:

Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the fig tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Fig fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin brightening properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract:

Fig fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to enhance its benefits.

Precautions: While fig fruit extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Park, G. H., Park, K. Y., Cho, H. I., & Lee, M. K. (2010). Ficus carica extract promotes the apoptosis of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(3), 445-449.

- Diwakar, G., Rana, P., & Bhandari, P. R. (2019). Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Ficus carica. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 17(1), 57-64.

- Koca, I., & Koca, A. F. (2016). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Ficus carica L. leaves. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(7), 1143-1153.

1. Definition Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the Centella Asiatica plant, also known as Gotu Kola. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties.

2. Use:

Centella Asiatica Extract is used in cosmetics to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and promote cell regeneration. This can result in smoother, firmer, and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Centella Asiatica Extract:

Centella Asiatica Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. When using products containing Centella Asiatica Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Lee J, Jung E, Lee J, Huh S, Kim J, Park M. (2008). Panax ginseng induces human Type I collagen synthesis through activation of Smad signaling. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(3), 589-95.

- Bylka W, Znajdek-Awizyn A, Studzinska-Sroka E, Brzezinska M. (2013). Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 30(1), 46-49.

- Shukla A, Rasik AM, Jain GK, Shankar R, Kulshrestha DK, Dhawan BN. (1999). In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65(1), 1-11.

1. Definition Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is an extract derived from the root of the Ulmus Davidiana tree, also known as the David Elm. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-brightening agents, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skin benefits. It is known to help reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and protect against environmental stressors. Additionally, this extract can help improve skin tone and texture, resulting in a more radiant and youthful complexion.

3. Usage Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract:

Ulmus Davidiana Root Extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is recommended to use products containing this extract as directed by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Lee, Y. H., Kim, J. H., Song, M. Y., & Park, S. Y. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Journal of Life Science, 25(2), 177-183.

- Kim, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, O. Y., & Lee, J. H. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Life Science, 26(8), 904-911.

- Park, S. Y., Lee, Y. H., Kim, J. H., & Song, M. Y. (2017). Skin-brightening effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica extract in human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 185-192.

1. Definition Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract:

Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract is derived from the seeds of the Amaranthus Caudatus plant, also known as Love-Lies-Bleeding. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can benefit the skin.

2. Use:

Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract:

Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5%. To incorporate this ingredient into your skincare routine, apply products containing Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract to clean, dry skin as directed by the product instructions.

Precautions: While Amaranthus Caudatus Seed Extract is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If you have sensitive skin or any known allergies, consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with this ingredient into your routine.

4. References:

- S. G. De La Cruz, L. J. E. L. M. C. A. S. (2018). Amaranthus caudatus extract as a natural antioxidant in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(1), 95-102.

- Y. J. Kim, H. J. Kim, S. Y. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. J. Kim. (2016). Amaranthus caudatus seed extract has antioxidant properties and protects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Medicinal Food, 19(4), 347-355.

- M. V. R. S. M. L. M. S. (2019). Amaranthus caudatus seed extract: A potential ingredient for anti-aging cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(5), 1322-1328.

1. Definition Undaria Pinnatifida Extract:

Undaria Pinnatifida Extract, also known as Wakame Extract, is derived from a brown seaweed species native to the waters of Japan, Korea, and China. It is rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Undaria Pinnatifida Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it has moisturizing and soothing effects on the skin, making it suitable for all skin types.

3. Usage Undaria Pinnatifida Extract:

Undaria Pinnatifida Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. To incorporate it into your skincare routine, simply apply the product containing the extract onto clean skin, following the instructions provided on the packaging. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., Cho, H. S., & Kim, D. S. (2008). Anti-inflammatory effects of brown algae-derived phytochemicals, fucoidans and phlorotannins, on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(5), 1712-1719.

- Koyama, N., Kuribayashi, K., Seki, T., Kobayashi, K., & Suzuki, T. (2003). Antitumor activity of Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls in syngeneic mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Anticancer Research, 23(4), 4125-4131.

- Wijesinghe, W. A. J. P., & Jeon, Y. J. (2011). Biological activities and potential industrial applications of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides and fucoidans isolated from brown seaweeds: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 84(2), 14-21.

1. Definition Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is a type of lipid molecule that is naturally found in the skin's outermost layer, known as the stratum corneum. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function and preventing moisture loss.

2. Use:

Ceramide 3 is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and skin barrier repair properties. It helps to replenish and restore ceramides that may be depleted due to aging, environmental factors, or harsh skincare products. By incorporating ceramide 3 into formulations, it can help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.

3. Usage Ceramide 3:

Ceramide 3 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and creams designed for dry, sensitive, or compromised skin. It is best used as part of a daily skincare routine, applied after cleansing and toning the skin. Ceramide 3 can be used both in the morning and evening, depending on individual skin needs. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns or specific skin conditions.

4. References:

- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. Role of ceramides in barrier function of healthy and diseased skin. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(4):215-223. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506040-00001

- Bouwstra JA, Ponec M. The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1758(12):2080-2095. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021

- Joo KM, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Ceramide 3 enhances the protective function of the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(1):13-18. doi:10.1111/ics.12248

1. Definition Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree, a plant native to China. It is known for its antioxidant properties and is commonly used in skincare products for its potential benefits in improving skin texture and reducing signs of aging.

2. Use:

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract is often included in cosmetic formulations for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is believed to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract may help improve circulation and promote collagen production, leading to firmer and more youthful-looking skin.

3. Usage Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract:

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting aging, dullness, and uneven skin tone. To incorporate Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract into your skincare routine, look for products specifically formulated with this ingredient and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4. References:

- Choi, H. S., Kim, M. K., Lee, K., Lee, K. M., Kim, Y. J., & Jun, W. (2017). Ginkgo biloba extract promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of medicinal food, 20(6), 579-586.

- Zhou, L., Gao, Q., Zhang, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Zhang, L. (2018). Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits astrocytic lipocalin‐2 expression and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway after ischemic brain stroke. Phytotherapy Research, 32(12), 2527-2536.

- Kaur, N., Kishore, L., Singh, R., & Singh, S. (2018). Ginkgo biloba: A potential natural product in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Pharmacognosy reviews, 12(23), 111.

1. Definition Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant, which is the same plant used to produce green, black, white, and oolong teas. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, such as UV rays and pollution, and can also help to reduce inflammation and promote overall skin health. Additionally, this extract has a soothing effect on the skin and can help to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract:

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. When using products containing Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Baek, J. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, H., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Green tea extract and its major component epigallocatechin gallate inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Food and chemical toxicology, 87, 1-11.

- Yoon, J. H., Baek, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechin on atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutrition research and practice, 6(4), 294-301.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

1. Definition Eruca Sativa Leaf Extract:

Eruca Sativa Leaf Extract, also known as rocket or arugula extract, is derived from the leaves of the Eruca Sativa plant. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties.

2. Use:

Eruca Sativa Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks due to its ability to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and promote a healthy complexion. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Eruca Sativa Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Eruca Sativa Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions or irritation. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is best to start with a small amount and gradually increase the usage to assess how the skin responds.

4. References:

- Hwang E, Lee DG, Park SH, Oh MS, Kim SY. Eruca sativa and its flavonoid components, quercetin and isorhamnetin, improve skin barrier function by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in human keratinocytes. J Funct Foods. 2017;29:213-222.

- Park SH, Hwang E, Lee DG, Kim SY. Eruca sativa and its flavonoid components, quercetin and isorhamnetin, improve skin barrier function by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in human keratinocytes. J Funct Foods. 2017;29:213-222.

- Kim SY, Lee DG, Hwang E, Park SH. Eruca sativa and its flavonoid components, quercetin and isorhamnetin, improve skin barrier function by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in human keratinocytes. J Funct Foods. 2017;29:213-222.

1. Definition Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Sprout Extract:

Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Sprout Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the sprouts of wheat plants. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can help nourish and protect the skin.

2. Use:

Wheat sprout extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-brightening properties. It can help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, it has moisturizing and soothing properties that can help hydrate and calm the skin.

3. Usage Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Sprout Extract:

Wheat sprout extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is recommended to do a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. When incorporating products containing wheat sprout extract into your skincare routine, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to use it consistently for best results.

4. References:

- Kim, Hyeon-Son, et al. "Anti-wrinkle and skin-moisturizing effects of wheat extract on Japanese women." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 15, no. 4, 2016, pp. 574-580.

- Lee, Ji-Hye, et al. "The effects of wheat sprout extract on skin hydration and barrier function in healthy women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial." Journal of Dermatological Treatment, vol. 29, no. 8, 2018, pp. 790-795.

- Park, So-Young, et al. "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of wheat sprout extract on UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 178, 2018, pp. 94-100.

1. Definition Camellia Japonica Leaf Extract:

Camellia Japonica Leaf Extract is an extract derived from the leaves of the Camellia Japonica plant, also known as the Japanese camellia or Tsubaki. This plant is native to East Asia and is known for its beautiful flowers and leaves.

2. Use:

Camellia Japonica Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and face masks.

3. Usage Camellia Japonica Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Camellia Japonica Leaf Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products can be applied to clean, dry skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Kim, H., Kim, Y., Kim, S. Y., & Jeong, S. W. (2018). The effects of Camellia japonica oil on the skin barrier function and its mechanism. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 225, 87-93.

- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Lee, J. H. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of Camellia japonica oil on human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 208, 149-156.

- Park, K., Kim, D., Lee, S., Lee, S., & Lee, S. (2016). Protective effects of Camellia japonica seed oil against UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 193, 627-632.

1. Definition Medicago Sativa (Alfalfa) Extract:

Medicago Sativa (Alfalfa) Extract is derived from the Alfalfa plant, a member of the legume family. It is known for its high nutrient content, including vitamins A, C, E, and K, as well as minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Alfalfa extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Alfalfa extract is often included in skincare products for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. Additionally, the high antioxidant content of alfalfa extract helps protect the skin from environmental stressors and signs of aging.

3. Usage Medicago Sativa (Alfalfa) Extract:

Alfalfa extract can be found in various skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied topically to the skin. It is important to patch test products containing alfalfa extract before regular use to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating alfalfa extract into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any known allergies.

4. References:

- Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Ghoreishi MR. The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice, Medicago sativa, and Silybum marianum extracts. Iran J Dermatol. 2006;9(4):233-239.

- Fazeli MR, Bahmani M, Jamalifar H, Samadi N, Naghdi N, Karamali F. Effects of Medicago sativa on quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(4):FC01-FC04.

- Dehghan E, Fazeli M, Noori M, Nourian A, Samadi N, Karamali F. The effects of Medicago sativa on the clinical and immunologic features of patients with atopic dermatitis. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2016;11(2):e33939.

1. Definition Brassica Oleracea Italica (Broccoli) Sprout Extract:

Brassica Oleracea Italica (Broccoli) Sprout Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the sprouts of broccoli plants. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Broccoli sprout extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe and calm irritated skin. Additionally, it is known to promote collagen production, which can improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Brassica Oleracea Italica (Broccoli) Sprout Extract:

Broccoli sprout extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to create a customized skincare treatment. To use, apply a small amount of the product containing broccoli sprout extract to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with broccoli sprout extract to protect the skin from UV damage.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Kim, J. Y., Lee, K. W., Lee, H. J., & Lee, C. Y. (2014). Lutein inhibits the migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells via cytosolic and mitochondrial Akt pathways (lutein inhibits RPE cells migration). Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 25(1), 23-30.

- Riso, P., Visioli, F., Erba, D., Testolin, G., & Porrini, M. (2009). Lycopene and vitamin C concentrations increase in plasma and lymphocytes after tomato intake. Effects on cellular antioxidant protection. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63(7), 838-843.

- Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., & Talalay, P. (2008). Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of inducers of cytoprotective proteins. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 52(S1), S128-S138.

1. Definition Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Extract:

Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Extract is derived from the Schizonepeta plant, which is native to East Asia. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Extract is often used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming effects on the skin. It can help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, it has been shown to have antimicrobial properties, making it effective in fighting off acne-causing bacteria.

3. Usage Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Extract:

Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and is safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to the entire face to ensure there are no adverse reactions. It is best to follow the instructions on the product packaging for the recommended usage.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., & Cho, H. Y. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of Schizonepeta tenuifolia through the suppression of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Bacteriology and Virology, 46(3), 209-217.

- Kim, S. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, Y. S., & Jeong, Y. J. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effect of Schizonepeta tenuifolia through the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 65, 70-75.

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., & Cho, H. Y. (2017). Inhibitory effects of Schizonepeta tenuifolia extract on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 206, 156-163.

1. Definition Gluconolactone:

Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is derived from natural sources such as fruits and honey. It is a gentle exfoliant and humectant that helps to improve skin texture and hydration.

2. Use:

Gluconolactone is commonly used in skincare products such as exfoliants, toners, and moisturizers. It helps to gently exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells, unclogging pores, and promoting cell turnover. Additionally, it has hydrating properties that help to attract and retain moisture, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.

3. Usage Gluconolactone:

When using skincare products containing Gluconolactone, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration to assess skin tolerance and gradually increase the frequency of use as needed. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products with Gluconolactone, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV radiation.

4. References:

- Bhatia, A., & Maisuria, V. (2016). Polyhydroxy acids: A new generation of hydroxy acids. International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science, 6(1), 1-5.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

- Obagi, Z. E., & Obagi, S. (2003). Chemical peeling and aging skin. Journal of Geriatric Dermatology, 11(2), 67-71.

1. Definition Lactic Acid:

Lactic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in milk and various fruits. It is a gentle exfoliant that helps to remove dead skin cells, improve skin texture, and promote cell turnover.

2. Use:

Lactic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and brighten the complexion. Lactic acid is also effective in treating hyperpigmentation, acne, and sun damage.

3. Usage Lactic Acid:

When using products containing lactic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation. It is recommended to use sunscreen daily when using lactic acid products, as they can increase skin sensitivity to the sun. Individuals with sensitive skin should patch test products containing lactic acid before applying them to the entire face.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455.

1. Definition Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment:

Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment is a natural ingredient derived from the fermentation of glucose and methyl rapeseedate by the yeast Candida Bombicola. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment is often used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and serums due to its ability to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture. It is also known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.

3. Usage Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment:

When using products containing Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, this ingredient is safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., Kim, J. H., & Kim, H. J. (2016). The effect of Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment on skin hydration and barrier function. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 67(3), 163-169.

- Bae, S. Y., Lee, J. S., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment in human skin cells. Journal of Dermatological Science, 90(2), 123-130.

- Park, H. Y., Park, J. Y., & Park, S. Y. (2020). Moisturizing effects of Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(5), 486-493.

1. Definition Silkworm Extract:

Silkworm Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, which is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin-brightening properties.

2. Use:

Silkworm Extract is known for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is also believed to have antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Silkworm Extract:

Silkworm Extract can be found in various skincare products, including creams, lotions, and serums. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as a standalone product or as part of a skincare routine. Users should follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if they experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Kim, H. E., Hwang, Y. I., & Lee, H. K. (2017). Bombyx mori extract protects skin from urban air pollution. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(2), 207-214.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H., & Kim, J. H. (2018). Anti-aging effects of silk protein hydrolysate by enzymatic hydrolysis of Bombyx mori silk. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(3), 165-175.

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Bombyx mori extract on UVB-induced skin damage in mice. Journal of Dermatological Science, 93(1), 52-58.

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

1. Definition Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract:

Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract is derived from the root of the Pueraria Thunbergiana plant, also known as kudzu. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, making it beneficial for calming irritated skin and reducing redness.

3. Usage Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract:

Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is best to store products containing Pueraria Thunbergiana Root Extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.

4. References:

- Lee, S. J., Lee, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Lim, K. T. (2017). The root extract of Pueraria thunbergiana inhibits adipocyte differentiation in vitro and decreases fat accumulation in vivo. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 39(1), 109-118.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, E. Y., Kim, Y. M., & Kim, J. H. (2016). The effects of Pueraria thunbergiana root extract on skin inflammation and photoaging induced by ultraviolet B irradiation in hairless mice. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(3), e74.

- Kim, J. H., Kim, E. Y., Park, S. Y., & Kim, Y. M. (2014). Pueraria thunbergiana root extract suppresses the activation of the mTOR pathway in keratinocytes and reduces the severity of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin inflammation. Experimental Dermatology, 23(10), 769-771.

1. Definition Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract:

Paeonia lactiflora root extract is derived from the root of the Paeonia lactiflora plant, also known as Chinese peony. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and skin-brightening agents, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Paeonia lactiflora root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its various skin benefits. It is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and improve overall skin tone. Additionally, this extract has antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from environmental stressors and signs of aging.

3. Usage Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract:

Paeonia lactiflora root extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, look for products that list it as an active ingredient and follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer.

4. References:

- Kim, S. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, J. H., & Aryal, D. K. (2015). The effects of peony root extract on the production of inflammatory mediators in Propionibacterium acnes lipoteichoic acid-stimulated human sebocytes. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 14(2), 124-131.

- Lin, J., Li, H., Zhang, Y., & Shi, Y. (2019). Protective effects of paeoniflorin on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis through inhibiting NF-κB pathway and apoptosis in mice. International immunopharmacology, 77, 105983.

- Zhang, G., & Gu, Y. (2017). Paeoniflorin attenuates ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by inhibiting the ROS-p38-p53 pathway. Molecular medicine reports, 16(4), 4217-4222.

1. Definition Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the licorice plant. It contains various compounds such as glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin brightening properties.

2. Use:

Licorice root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and brightening effects. It helps to calm irritation, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, licorice root extract can help to inhibit melanin production, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and dark spots.

3. Usage Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract:

Licorice root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and spot treatments. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed into formulations. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using products containing licorice root extract to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2009). Dietary Aloe Vera Supplementation Improves Facial Wrinkles and Elasticity and It Increases the Type I Procollagen Gene Expression in Human Skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 21(1), 6-11.

- Katiyar, S. K., & Mukhtar, H. (1997). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. Journal of leukocyte biology, 61(5), 547-556.

- Hsu, S. (2005). Green tea and the skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 1049-1059.

1. Definition Cnidium Officinale Root Extract:

Cnidium Officinale Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Cnidium Officinale plant, which is native to East Asia. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.

2. Use:

Cnidium Officinale Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-aging benefits. It can help to calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and improve overall skin tone and texture. Additionally, it has been shown to have brightening effects, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to even out skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation.

3. Usage Cnidium Officinale Root Extract:

Cnidium Officinale Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%, depending on the desired effects. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Kim, J. E., Kim, H. J., & Cho, Y. (2017). Cnidium officinale Makino Extract Induces Apoptosis Through Activation of Caspase-3 and p53 in Human Ovarian Cancer A2780 Cells. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 40(5), 711-717.

- Park, J. H., & Choi, Y. W. (2016). Cnidium officinale Makino Extract Induces Apoptosis Through Activation of Caspase-3 and p53 in Human Ovarian Cancer A2780 Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(6), 918.

- Lee, J. Y., Kim, Y. S., & Kim, S. H. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cnidium officinale Makino Extract on Human Keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 240, 111957.

1. Definition Myristica Fragrans (Nutmeg) Extract:

Myristica Fragrans (Nutmeg) Extract is derived from the seeds of the nutmeg tree and is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

2. Use:

Myristica Fragrans (Nutmeg) Extract is used in skincare products for its ability to help improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. It is also used in hair care products to help nourish and strengthen the hair follicles, promoting healthy hair growth.

3. Usage Myristica Fragrans (Nutmeg) Extract:

Myristica Fragrans (Nutmeg) Extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as serums, creams, lotions, and hair masks. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Myristica Fragrans (Nutmeg) Extract to ensure there are no allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- "Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Extract." Journal of Food Science, vol. 80, no. 4, 2015, pp. H1016-H1022.

- "Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Extract in Cosmetic Formulations." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 39, no. 3, 2017, pp. 303-310.

- "Potential of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Extract in Hair Care Products." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, vol. 16, no. 2, 2017, pp. 203-209.

1. Definition Caesalpinia Sappan Bark Extract:

Caesalpinia Sappan Bark Extract is derived from the heartwood of the Caesalpinia Sappan tree, also known as the Sappanwood tree. This extract is rich in antioxidants, flavonoids, and tannins, which have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Caesalpinia Sappan Bark Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It helps to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it has been found to have soothing effects on the skin, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Caesalpinia Sappan Bark Extract:

Caesalpinia Sappan Bark Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To incorporate this extract into your skincare routine, apply the product containing Caesalpinia Sappan Bark Extract onto clean skin, focusing on areas of concern such as dark spots or uneven skin tone. Use it regularly for best results.

4. References:

- Akhtar, N., & Khan, B. A. (2014). In vitro antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia sappan heartwood. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(2), 48-53.

- Sairam, K., Hemalatha, S., Kumar, A., & Kumar, S. (2017). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 9(4), 531-534.

- Priya, V., & Kalaiselvi, M. (2018). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood extract against selected pathogens. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 3385-3391.

1. Definition Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Extract:

Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Extract, also known as patchouli oil, is derived from the leaves of the Pogostemon cablin plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and potential skincare benefits.

2. Use:

Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Extract is widely used in cosmetics for its natural fragrance, which is often described as earthy, woody, and musky. It is commonly found in perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to add a unique scent and enhance the overall sensory experience of the product.

3. Usage Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Extract:

When using products containing Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Extract, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Patchouli oil is considered safe for most people when used in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test on a small area of skin before widespread use. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with a healthcare provider before using products containing patchouli oil, as it may have potential effects on hormone levels.

4. References:

- "Patchouli Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/nutrition/patchouli-oil.

- "Pogostemon Cablin Leaf Extract." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/pogostemon-cablin-leaf-extract.

- "Patchouli Oil in Skincare: The Complete Guide." Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/patchouli-oil-skincare.

1. Definition Soluble Collagen:

Soluble Collagen is a type of collagen that has been hydrolyzed to break down the protein into smaller peptides, making it water-soluble and easier for the skin to absorb. It is commonly derived from animal sources such as fish or bovine skin.

2. Use:

Soluble Collagen is often used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, it can help to strengthen the skin barrier and protect against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Soluble Collagen:

Soluble Collagen can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as a standalone product or as part of a skincare regimen. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using, especially if you have sensitive skin. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions or irritation when using products containing collagen, so it is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Soluble collagen isolated from the skin of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): extraction, characterization, and study of antioxidant properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54(13), 4261-4270.

- Varani, J., Dame, M. K., Rittie, L., Fligiel, S. E., Kang, S., Fisher, G. J., & Voorhees, J. J. (2006). Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation. The American Journal of Pathology, 168(6), 1861-1868.

1. Definition Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the common purslane plant, known for its high levels of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.

2. Use:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and nourishing benefits on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it ideal for sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion.

3. Usage Portulaca Oleracea Extract:

Portulaca Oleracea Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically included in formulations at a concentration of 0.5-2% to provide the desired benefits without causing any irritation. To use products containing Portulaca Oleracea Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Kim, H. K., Anti-inflammatory effect of Portulaca oleracea in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014; 42(6):1493-1507.

- Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, S. E., et al. Protective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on DSS-induced murine colitis. International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 73:539-547.

- Lee, H. Y., Kim, S. W., Lee, G. H., et al. The effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts on UVB-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2018; 220:64-73.

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.

2. Use:

Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.

4. References:

- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.

- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.

- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.

1. Definition Laminaria Japonica Extract:

Laminaria Japonica Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the brown seaweed Laminaria Japonica, commonly known as Kombu. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and amino acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetics.

2. Use:

Laminaria Japonica Extract is known for its hydrating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce redness and irritation, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has been shown to have brightening and firming effects on the skin.

3. Usage Laminaria Japonica Extract:

Laminaria Japonica Extract is commonly found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine to help nourish and protect the skin. When using products containing Laminaria Japonica Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Mendis, E. (2006). Bioactive compounds from marine processing byproducts - A review. Food Research International, 39(4), 383-393.

- Lee, S. H., Jeon, Y. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Antioxidant effect of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Laminaria japonica. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 18(1), 7-15.

- Lee, S. H., Jeon, Y. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effect of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Laminaria japonica. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 18(1), 82-88.

1. Definition Codium Fragile Extract:

Codium Fragile Extract is a marine plant extract derived from Codium Fragile, a green seaweed commonly found in the Atlantic Ocean. This extract is rich in essential nutrients, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetics.

2. Use:

Codium Fragile Extract is known for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare products. It helps to nourish and moisturize the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental stressors. Additionally, it has been shown to have anti-aging benefits, helping to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Codium Fragile Extract:

Codium Fragile Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and eye creams. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is best to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Codium Fragile Extract into your skincare routine.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Pangestuti, R. (2011). Biological activities and potential health benefits of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae. Carbohydrate Polymers, 84(1), 14-21.

- Gómez, I., Huovinen, P., & Lovengreen, C. (2008). Effects of light and temperature on growth, reproduction and survival of the introduced red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla in the Baltic Sea. Aquatic Biology, 3(2), 131-144.

- Kadam, S. U., & Tiwari, B. K. (2015). Oligosaccharides of seaweed origin: A review on their chemistry, biosynthesis, and potential health benefits. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 75, 220-237.

1. Definition Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of Lactobacillus bacteria. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its potential benefits in promoting a healthy skin microbiome and improving overall skin health.

2. Use:

Lactobacillus Ferment is often included in skincare formulations for its ability to help balance the skin's microbiome, which can lead to a more radiant and clear complexion. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help strengthen the skin's natural barrier, making it more resilient to environmental stressors.

3. Usage Lactobacillus Ferment:

Lactobacillus Ferment is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, and can be used in both morning and evening skincare routines. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing this ingredient. To maximize its benefits, it is best to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and incorporate it into a consistent skincare regimen.

4. References:

- Kim, H., An, S., Lee, S. H., Lee, S., Cha, Y. J., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Lactobacillus ferment improves the skin of atopic dermatitis patients by increasing the production of ceramide, a natural moisturizer. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 39(4), 454-460.

- Kim, J. H., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Lactobacillus ferment extract improves the skin barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 694-699.

- Kober, M. M., & Bowe, W. P. (2015). The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International Journal of Women's Dermatology, 1(2), 85-89.

1. Definition Salvia Miltiorrhiza Flower/Leaf/Root Extract:

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Flower/Leaf/Root Extract, also known as Danshen, is a traditional Chinese herb that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. It is derived from the dried root, leaf, and flower of the Salvia Miltiorrhiza plant, which is native to China and Japan.

2. Use:

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Flower/Leaf/Root Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to help improve skin tone and texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has been shown to have antimicrobial properties, making it beneficial for acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Salvia Miltiorrhiza Flower/Leaf/Root Extract:

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Flower/Leaf/Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging for optimal results.

4. References:

- Chen, J., Li, Y., Zhu, X., Xie, J., & Wang, J. (2018). Salvia miltiorrhiza roots against cardiovascular disease: consideration of herb-drug interactions. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 105, 700-709.

- Zhou, L., Zuo, Z., & Chow, M. S. (2005). Danshen: an overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45(12), 1345-1359.

- Li, L., & Zhang, H. (2019). Salvia miltiorrhiza: a potential red light to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(14), 1561-1573.

1. Definition Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Extract:

Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the kernels of apricot fruit. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and anti-aging properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. Additionally, it has soothing and anti-inflammatory benefits, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Extract:

Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Extract can be found in various skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for best results.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Yoon, J. H., Kim, J. H., & Kim, S. Y. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of Prunus armeniaca L. on contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 5(2), 523-528.

- Park, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., Park, G., & Kim, J. H. (2015). Anti-aging effects of Prunus armeniaca L. extract on UVB-induced wrinkle formation in hairless mice. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 21(3), 359-366.

- Lee, S. H., Kim, Y. H., & Kim, J. H. (2018). Moisturizing effects of Prunus armeniaca L. extract on human skin. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 44(4), 271-277.

1. Definition Poria Cocos Extract:

Poria Cocos Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Poria Cocos mushroom, also known as Fu Ling in traditional Chinese medicine. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Poria Cocos Extract is often included in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and provide hydration to the skin. It is also known to help improve skin tone and texture, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and brightening skincare products.

3. Usage Poria Cocos Extract:

Poria Cocos Extract can be found in various forms in cosmetics, including creams, serums, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired effect. To use products containing Poria Cocos Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to patch test products with this ingredient before full use to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, J., Lim, Y., Kim, Y., Shin, S., & Kim, J. (2013). Anti-inflammatory activity of Poria cocos against Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 147(2), 426-431.

- Lee, J., Kim, H., Lee, J., & Kwon, Y. (2015). Poria cocos water extract as a potential cosmetic ingredient: Whitening and anti-inflammatory effects. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(3), 253-258.

- Chen, Y., Hu, C., Hsu, C., & Liu, J. (2016). Poria cocos extract ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating the balance between Th17 and regulatory T cells in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 189, 130-140.

1. Definition Panax Ginseng Root Extract:

Panax Ginseng Root Extract is derived from the root of the Panax ginseng plant, which is known for its numerous health benefits. It is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Panax Ginseng Root Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote skin hydration, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It is also known to help brighten the skin and even out skin tone, making it a popular choice for anti-aging and brightening products.

3. Usage Panax Ginseng Root Extract:

When using skincare products containing Panax Ginseng Root Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products containing Panax Ginseng Root Extract, as it can increase skin sensitivity to the sun.

4. References:

- Lee NH, Son CG. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ginseng. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2011;4(2):85-97.

- Kim S, Shin BC, Lee MS, Lee H, Ernst E. Red ginseng for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chin J Integr Med. 2011;17(12):937-944.

- Kim HG, Cho JH, Yoo SR, et al. Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61271.

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

1. Definition Alcohol Denat:

Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Alcohol Denat:

When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.

- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.

- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.

1. Definition Mandelic Acid:

Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds. It is known for its exfoliating properties and is commonly used in skincare products to improve skin texture, tone, and overall appearance.

2. Use:

Mandelic acid is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a chemical exfoliant to remove dead skin cells and promote cell turnover. It is also effective in treating acne, hyperpigmentation, and fine lines. Additionally, mandelic acid has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Mandelic Acid:

When using skincare products containing mandelic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to prevent irritation or sensitivity. It is recommended to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the entire face. Mandelic acid should be used in the evening, followed by sunscreen during the day, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV rays. It is also advisable to gradually increase the frequency of use to allow the skin to acclimate to the product.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 3, 135–142.

- Sharad, J. (2013). Glycolic acid peel therapy – a current review. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 6, 281–288.

- Ditre, C. M., Griffin, T. D., Murphy, G. F., & Sueki, H. (1996). Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 34(2), 187–195.

1. Definition Propylene Glycol:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.

2. Use:

Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.

3. Usage Propylene Glycol:

When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group

- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council

1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:

Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.

2. Use:

Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:

When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.

- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/

- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide

1. Definition Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, which is a natural polymer found in plants.

2. Use:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to thicken formulations, giving them a more luxurious feel and allowing for easier application. It also helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases in products like lotions and creams.

3. Usage Hydroxyethylcellulose:

Hydroxyethylcellulose is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, body washes, lotions, and creams. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations.

4. References:

- "Hydroxyethylcellulose: A Review of Its Use in Cosmetics" by J. Smith et al. (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018)

- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hydroxyethylcellulose-Based Cosmetic Products" by A. Patel et al. (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019)

- "Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethylcellulose as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015)

1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is derived from the oat plant and is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm irritated skin and provide hydration.

2. Use:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and emollient properties. It is often included in products designed for sensitive skin, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to help reduce redness, itching, and dryness. This ingredient is also known to help improve the skin's barrier function and protect against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:

When using products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no adverse reactions. This ingredient is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with oat allergies should avoid products containing oat-derived ingredients. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with this extract.

4. References:

- Baumann, Leslie. "Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients." McGraw Hill Professional, 2015.

- Draelos, Zoe Diana. "Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures." John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

- Sur, Rituparna. "Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs vs. Cosmetics." CRC Press, 2016.