Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Hair Conditioning, Abrasive
1. Definition Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract:
Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract is a natural oil derived from the seeds of the jojoba plant. It is known for its moisturizing and emollient properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.
2. Use:
Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and lip balms due to its lightweight texture and non-greasy feel. Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is also beneficial for hair care products, as it can help condition and strengthen the hair.
3. Usage Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil Extract:
When using products containing Jojoba Seed Oil Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or used as an ingredient in DIY beauty recipes. Jojoba Seed Oil Extract is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with allergies to nuts or seeds should use caution.
4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." 7th Edition.
- Dweck, A. C. (2003). "The Jojoba Story." Personal Care Magazine, 4(1), 1-4.
- Meier, L., & Sticher, O. (2004). "Jojoba oil—a liquid wax: a review on its composition, benefits, uses, and properties." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 14(1), 1-6.
Other Names: phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Lecithins; Soy Lecithin; Soybean Lecithin; Soya Lecithin
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Lecithin:
Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.
2. Use:
Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.
3. Usage Lecithin:
When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.
- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.
- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.
1. Definition Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil:
Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil is a lightweight oil extracted from the kernels of apricots. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins A and E, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Apricot Kernel Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it smooth and supple. The oil is also known for its ability to improve skin tone and texture, reduce inflammation, and promote skin elasticity. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and manageable.
3. Usage Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil:
Apricot Kernel Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, serums, and balms to enhance their hydrating properties. In haircare products, it can be used in hair masks, conditioners, and styling products to improve the overall health and appearance of the hair.
Precautions: While Apricot Kernel Oil is generally considered safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. Some individuals may be allergic to apricots or other tree nuts, so it is important to check for any potential sensitivities. Additionally, it is best to store the oil in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation and maintain its quality.
4. References:
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Ahmad, Z. (2010). The uses and properties of almond oil. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 16(1), 10-12.
- Ranzato, E., Martinotti, S., & Burlando, B. (2011). Wound healing properties of jojoba liquid wax: an in vitro study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(2), 443-449.
Other Names: Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Oil
1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Oil:
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the peel of oranges. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing and uplifting scent, as well as its skin-brightening properties.
2. Use:
Orange oil is used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a sweet and citrusy aroma to products such as lotions, creams, and perfumes. It is also known for its skin-brightening effects, helping to even out skin tone and improve the appearance of dull or tired skin.
3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Oil:
When using products containing Orange Oil, it is important to be mindful of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to ensure compatibility. Orange oil is photosensitive, meaning it can increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight and potentially cause sunburn. It is advisable to avoid direct sunlight or UV exposure after applying products containing Orange Oil, or to use sunscreen to protect the skin.
4. References:
- Chaudhary, S., & Kumar, V. (2018). Citrus essential oils: Current and prospective uses in the food industry. In Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 211-224). Academic Press.
- Rehman, N., & Mehmood, T. (2019). Citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) oil. In Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 107-115). CRC Press.
- Rodrigues, F., & Pinto, D. (2019). Citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) oil. In Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 131-139). Springer.
Other Names: Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract; Rosemary Extract
1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract:
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant properties and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various health benefits.
2. Use:
Rosemary extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals, which can lead to premature aging. Rosemary extract is also known for its astringent properties, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. Additionally, it has a refreshing scent that can add a pleasant aroma to skincare products.
3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract:
Rosemary extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide its antioxidant benefits without causing irritation. It is important to follow the recommended usage guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safe and effective use of rosemary extract in cosmetics.
4. References:
- Chevallier, A. (2017). Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK.
- Green, J. (2018). The Herbal Medicine-Maker's Handbook: A Home Manual. Crossing Press.
- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Formulating Natural Cosmetics. Allured Publishing Corporation.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:
Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is a water-soluble protein derived from wheat that has been broken down into smaller peptides through hydrolysis. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to penetrate the skin and hair, providing hydration and strengthening properties.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to improve the elasticity and strength of the hair, making it less prone to breakage and damage. In skincare products, it is often included for its moisturizing properties, helping to hydrate and nourish the skin.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with wheat allergies should exercise caution and perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein in Cosmetics: Benefits and Applications." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/hydrolyzed-wheat-protein
- "The Benefits of Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein for Hair." NaturallyCurly. https://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/ingredients/the-benefits-of-hydrolyzed-wheat-protein-for-hair
- "Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein: What It Does for Your Skin and Hair." Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrolyzed-wheat-protein#benefits
Function: Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Anticaries Agent, Antidandruff Agent, Antifungal Agent, Antimicrobial Agent, Sunscreen Agent
1. Definition Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract:
Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of grapes. It is rich in antioxidants, including vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
2. Use:
Grape seed extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties. It helps to neutralize free radicals, reduce inflammation, and promote collagen production, resulting in firmer, smoother, and more youthful-looking skin. It is often found in anti-aging products, moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens.
3. Usage Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract:
When using skincare products containing Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but a patch test is recommended before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is best to use products with grape seed extract in conjunction with a sunscreen to maximize its protective benefits.
4. References:
- Bagchi, D., Garg, A., Krohn, R. L., & Bagchi, M. (2002). Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins and selected antioxidants against TPA-induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, and peritoneal macrophage activation in mice. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 35(5), 275-281.
- Park, S., Kang, S., Jeong, D. Y., Jeong, S. Y., & Park, T. (2016). Vitisin A inhibits adipocyte differentiation through cell cycle arrest in 3T3-L1 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 97, 5-11.
- Kaur, M., Agarwal, C., & Agarwal, R. (2009). Anticancer and cancer chemopreventive potential of grape seed extract and other grape-based products. The Journal of Nutrition, 139(9), 1806S-1812S.
Function: Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Meal:
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Meal is a natural ingredient derived from oats that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is rich in proteins, lipids, and beta-glucans, which help to nourish and protect the skin.
2. Use:
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Meal is often used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and masks due to its ability to calm and hydrate the skin. It is particularly beneficial for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce inflammation and redness. Additionally, oat kernel meal can help to improve the skin's barrier function, making it more resilient to environmental stressors.
3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Meal:
When using products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Meal, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. To incorporate oat kernel meal into your skincare routine, look for products that list it as an active ingredient and follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Oat kernel meal can be used daily as part of a skincare regimen to help maintain healthy and hydrated skin.
4. References:
- Barel, A., Paye, M., & Maibach, H. (2001). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press.
- Sur, R., Nigam, A., Grote, D., & Liebel, F. (2008). Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract as an Active Cosmetic Ingredient. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(9), 868-872.
- Majeed, M., Badmaev, V., & Rajendran, R. (2010). Avena Sativa: A Natural Ingredient for Skin Care. NutraCos, 2(2), 1-5.
Function: Abrasive, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Meal:
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Meal is a finely ground powder made from the seeds of sweet almonds. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating and nourishing properties.
2. Use:
Sweet Almond Seed Meal is often incorporated into skincare products such as scrubs, masks, and cleansers to gently exfoliate the skin. It helps to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and reveal smoother, softer skin. Additionally, the high content of vitamins and minerals in sweet almond seed meal provides nourishment to the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and rejuvenated.
3. Usage Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Meal:
When using products containing Sweet Almond Seed Meal, it is important to be gentle with the skin, especially if you have sensitive or delicate skin. Avoid scrubbing too vigorously to prevent irritation or damage to the skin. It is recommended to use products with Sweet Almond Seed Meal 1-2 times per week to maintain healthy skin.
4. References:
- Shivanand, P., & Murti, S. (2015). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Scrub. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(1), 231-237.
- Reuter, J., Jocher, A., Stump, J., Grossjohann, B., Franke, G., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Investigation of the anti-inflammatory potential of Aloe vera and Vitis vinifera in human skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(3), 679-684.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
Function: Perfuming
1. Definition Cinnamonum Cassia (Cinnamon):
Cinnamonum Cassia, commonly known as Cinnamon, is a spice derived from the inner bark of trees belonging to the genus Cinnamomum. It is widely used in culinary and cosmetic products for its aromatic and flavoring properties.
2. Use:
Cinnamon is often used in cosmetics for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. It is believed to help with acne due to its ability to reduce inflammation and fight bacteria on the skin. Cinnamon is also used in skincare products for its potential to improve blood circulation and promote collagen production, which can help with anti-aging effects.
3. Usage Cinnamonum Cassia (Cinnamon):
When using cinnamon in cosmetics, it is important to note that it can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before applying products containing cinnamon to the face or body. Additionally, cinnamon essential oil should be diluted properly before use to avoid skin irritation.
4. References:
- Rao, P. V., & Gan, S. H. (2014). Cinnamon: A Multifaceted Medicinal Plant. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 642942. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/642942
- Prakash, P., & Gupta, N. (2014). Therapeutic uses of Cinnamomum cassia and its potential use in medicine. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 6(2), 146-150.
- Kim, J. H., & Lee, H. J. (2012). Essential oils of Cinnamomum cassia stem bark and leaf: Antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Journal of Food Science, 77(9), C967-C973. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02882.x
Function: Antimicrobial
1. Definition Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry) Extract:
Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry) Extract is a natural extract derived from the roots, bark, and berries of the Berberis Vulgaris plant. It is rich in antioxidants, such as berberine, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote overall skin health.
2. Use:
Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry) Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and brightening properties. It helps to soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and even out skin tone. Additionally, it can help to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.
3. Usage Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry) Extract:
Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry) Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. To use products containing Barberry Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- M. Imanshahidi, H. Hosseinzadeh. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Phytotherapy Research. 2008; 22(8): 999-1012.
- A. Akhondzadeh, M. Noroozi, S. Mohammadi, et al. Berberis vulgaris fruit extract enhances the medical treatment of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine. 2019; 16(2).
- J. Park, J. Kim, S. Park, et al. Berberis vulgaris extract/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: A promising natural wound-healing agent. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2020; 147: 1027-1034.
Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying
1. Definition Cocamide:
Cocamide is a type of ingredient commonly found in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from coconut oil and is used as a surfactant and foaming agent in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Cocamide is used in cosmetics to help cleanse and create lather in products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair, leaving them feeling clean and refreshed.
3. Usage Cocamide:
When using products containing Cocamide, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Avoid getting the product in your eyes, as it may cause irritation. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Cocamide to check for any allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Cocamide." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cocamide.
- "Cocamide." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/cocamide/.
- "Cocamide." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/cocamide.
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:
Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.
3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare
Other Names: Tocopherol Acetate; α-Tocopheryl Acetate; Vitamin E Acetate; Vit-E Acetate; dl-a-tocopheryl acetate; Tocophery Acetate; dl-α-Tocopheryl Acetate; DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate; alpha-Tocopherol acetate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant
1. Definition Tocopheryl Acetate:
Tocopheryl Acetate is a stable form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a synthetic compound created by combining acetic acid with tocopherol, a natural form of Vitamin E. Tocopheryl Acetate is known for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopheryl Acetate is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its elasticity, making it a popular ingredient in creams, lotions, and serums. Tocopheryl Acetate also has soothing properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Tocopheryl Acetate:
When using products containing Tocopheryl Acetate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply the product as directed. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is recommended to store products containing Tocopheryl Acetate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its stability and effectiveness.
4. References:
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Tocopheryl Acetate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tocopheryl-acetate
- Paula's Choice. (n.d.). Vitamin E for Skin. Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/antioxidants/how-vitamin-e-benefits-skin.html
- Healthline. (2021). The Benefits of Vitamin E for Your Skin. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/vitamin-e-for-skin#benefits
Function: Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting
1. Definition Sea Cucumber Extract:
Sea Cucumber Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the sea cucumber, a marine animal found in oceans around the world. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.
2. Use:
Sea Cucumber Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-repairing properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and promote collagen production. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Sea Cucumber Extract:
When using products containing Sea Cucumber Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use. Sea Cucumber Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks, and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine.
4. References:
- Kim, S., Lee, J., Lee, S., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) extracts on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 26(6), 1701-1707.
- Wang, S., Zhang, W., & Zhang, R. (2019). Anti-aging effect of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) hydrolysates in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Science and Biotechnology, 28(1), 181-187.
- Yoon, N., Eom, T., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. (2019). Protective effects of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) fucoidan against ultraviolet B radiation-induced photoaging in vitro and in vivo. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 126, 731-739.
Other Names: Helianthus Annuus Seed oil; Sunflower Seed oil
1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:
Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.
Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.
4. References:
- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.
- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.
- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.
Definition Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract:
Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract is derived from the bark of the white willow tree (Salix alba). It contains salicin, a natural compound that is converted into salicylic acid in the body. Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) known for its exfoliating, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Salix Alba Bark Extract is utilized in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to gently exfoliate the skin, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin health.
Use and Usage Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract:
Salix Alba Bark Extract is commonly used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and exfoliants. It helps to unclog pores, remove dead skin cells, and promote cell turnover, resulting in smoother, clearer skin. Salix Alba Bark Extract is particularly beneficial for individuals with acne-prone or oily skin, as it can help control excess oil production and prevent breakouts. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin conditions.
Precautions When Using:
While Salix Alba Bark Extract is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, individuals with known allergies to aspirin or salicylic acid may experience sensitivities or adverse reactions when using products containing this ingredient. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with Salix Alba Bark Extract extensively, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergic reactions to skincare ingredients. Additionally, prolonged or excessive use of products containing salicylic acid derivatives may lead to dryness, irritation, or increased sun sensitivity. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions and incorporate sunscreen into your skincare routine when using products containing Salix Alba Bark Extract to protect the skin from potential sun damage.
References:
Garg, S., & Mehta, A. (2016). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Salix alba Linn. (White Willow Bark). International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8(7), 1143-1147.
Jung, H. A., Kim, J. E., & Chung, H. Y. (2008). Chin YW. ACE inhibitors from Salix glandulosa.* Arch Pharm Res, 31(12), 1517-1522.
Gfeller, H., & Böni, R. (1995). Acne vulgaris: current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment. Dermatology, 191(1), 1-7.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance
1. Definition Citrus Tangerina (Tangerine) Peel Oil:
Citrus Tangerina (Tangerine) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the peel of tangerines through a cold-pressing process. It is known for its sweet, citrusy aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and rejuvenating properties.
2. Use:
Citrus Tangerina Peel Oil is used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which help to protect the skin from environmental damage and promote a healthy complexion. It is often added to skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions to help improve the skin's texture and tone.
3. Usage Citrus Tangerina (Tangerine) Peel Oil:
When using Citrus Tangerina Peel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil that can cause skin irritation if used in high concentrations. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using this oil on sensitive or damaged skin to prevent any adverse effects.
4. References:
- Garg, A., & Garg, S. (2014). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. CRC Press.
- Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., & Riley, T. V. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86(6), 985-990.
- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 11(4), 247-267.
Function: Bulking Agent
1. Definition Juglans Regia (Walnut) Shell Powder:
Walnut shell powder is a natural exfoliant derived from crushed walnut shells. It is commonly used in cosmetic products for its gentle abrasive properties, which help to slough off dead skin cells and reveal smoother, softer skin.
2. Use:
Walnut shell powder is often used in facial and body scrubs, as well as in masks and cleansers. It is effective at removing impurities and unclogging pores, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to improve skin texture and appearance.
3. Usage Juglans Regia (Walnut) Shell Powder:
When using products containing walnut shell powder, it is important to be gentle and avoid applying too much pressure during exfoliation. Over-exfoliating can cause irritation and damage to the skin, so it is recommended to use walnut shell powder products no more than 2-3 times per week. Individuals with sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with walnut shell powder to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Hwang E, Lee TH, Park SY, et al. The protective effects of walnut extract against oxidative damage and cytotoxicity induced by amyloid beta-protein in PC12 cells. Nutr Res Pract. 2015;9(3):267-272. doi:10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.267
- Reuter J, Merfort I, Schempp CM. Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(4):247-267. doi:10.2165/11533220-000000000-00000
- Mukherjee PK, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK. Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging. Phytomedicine. 2011;19(1):64-73. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.003
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, commonly known as Aloe Vera, is a succulent plant species that is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. The juice is extracted from the fleshy leaves of the plant and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, gels, and masks. Aloe Vera is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote healing of wounds and sunburns.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied topically to the skin as needed. It is generally safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Aloe Vera to ensure there is no allergic reaction. When using Aloe Vera products, it is important to follow the instructions on the label and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., Laxmipriya, N. P., & Amin, M. (2015). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 60(3), 260–268.
- Reynolds, T., & Dweck, A. C. (1999). Aloe Vera leaf gel: a review update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68(1-3), 3–37.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract:
Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract, also known as bilberry extract, is derived from the fruit of the bilberry plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide numerous benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and skin-brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, improve skin tone and texture, and promote a more youthful appearance.
3. Usage Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract:
Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is typically found in serums, creams, and masks targeted towards addressing signs of aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin tone. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other skincare ingredients to enhance its benefits.
Precautions: While Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the face or body to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse effects.
4. References:
- Kawaii S, Tomono Y, Katase E, et al. Antiproliferative activity of flavonoids on several cancer cell lines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1999;63(5):896-899.
- Martz F, Jaakola L, Julkunen-Tiitto R, et al. Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaves in Northern Europe following foliar development and along environmental gradients. J Chem Ecol. 2010;36(9):1017-1028.
- Kalt W, McDonald JE, Liu Y, et al. Anthocyanin metabolites are abundant and persistent in human urine. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(3):935-944.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Drug Astringent - Skin Protecting
1. Definition Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water:
Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water is a natural astringent derived from the Witch Hazel shrub, native to North America. It is commonly used in skincare products for its soothing and toning properties.
2. Use:
Witch Hazel Water is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as toners, cleansers, and moisturizers. It is often used to help reduce redness, inflammation, and irritation, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
3. Usage Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water:
Witch Hazel Water can be applied directly to the skin using a cotton pad or spray bottle. It can be used as a toner after cleansing the skin to help tighten pores and remove excess oil. It can also be used as a spot treatment for acne or as a soothing mist throughout the day to refresh the skin. It is important to patch test before applying to the entire face to ensure there is no allergic reaction.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Choi, H. R., & Kim, H. K. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of a combination of flavonoids and saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 69(10), 1349-1358.
- Thring, T. S., Hili, P., & Naughton, D. P. (2009). Antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and formulations of white tea, rose, and witch hazel on primary human dermal fibroblast cells. Journal of Inflammation, 6(1), 1-11.
- Yoon, J. Y., Kwon, H. H., Min, S. U., Thiboutot, D. M., & Suh, D. H. (2013). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting P. acnes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(2), 429-440.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Isoceteth 20:
Isoceteth 20 is a non-ionic surfactant that belongs to the group of ceteth ethers. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.
2. Use:
Isoceteth 20 is primarily used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier to help blend together ingredients that would not normally mix well, such as oil and water. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension between different components in a product. Additionally, Isoceteth 20 can function as a solubilizer, aiding in the dispersion of insoluble substances in a formulation.
3. Usage Isoceteth 20:
Isoceteth 20 is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% in cosmetic products. It is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. When using products containing Isoceteth 20, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Some individuals may be sensitive to Isoceteth 20, so a patch test is recommended before regular use to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Isoceteth-20" in CosIng - European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/cosing_en
- "Safety Assessment of Ceteth-20 and Isoceteth-20 as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Retrieved from: https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ceteth-20.pdf
- "Ceteth-20 and Isoceteth-20" in the Personal Care Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from: https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/inci-name/ceteth-20-and-isoceteth-20/
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Other Names: NaOH
Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:
When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide
Other Names: PVP; Povidone
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Pvp:
PVP, or Polyvinylpyrrolidone, is a polymer commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps improve the texture and performance of products such as hair sprays, mousses, and nail polishes.
2. Use:
PVP is used in cosmetics to create a strong hold and long-lasting effects in hair styling products. It helps to keep styles in place and prevent frizz or flyaways. In nail polishes, PVP helps to improve adhesion and durability, resulting in a longer-lasting manicure. Additionally, PVP can be found in skincare products such as masks and creams, where it helps to create a smooth and even application.
3. Usage Pvp:
When using cosmetics containing PVP, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes or mucous membranes, as it may cause irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with PVP, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.
4. References:
- Korting, H. C., Schindler, S., Hartinger, A., Kerscher, M., & Angerpointner, T. (1990). PVP—A new and safe vehicle for the topical therapy of onychomycosis. Mycoses, 33(5), 265-269.
- Lademann, J., Jacobi, U., Surber, C., Weigmann, H. J., & Fluhr, J. W. (2008). The tape stripping procedure—evaluation of some critical parameters. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 72(2), 317-323.
- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic therapy, 20(5), 343-349.
Other Names: Maolate
Function: Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide
1. Definition Chlorphenesin:
Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.
2. Use:
Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Chlorphenesin:
Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.
- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract:
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the sweet orange fruit. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Orange fruit extract is often included in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks for its ability to improve skin tone and texture. It can help to reduce the appearance of dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and signs of aging. Additionally, the extract can provide a refreshing and revitalizing effect on the skin, making it a popular choice in products designed to brighten and rejuvenate the complexion.
3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract:
When using products containing Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions or irritation. As with any skincare ingredient, it is best to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase usage to assess how your skin responds. It is also advisable to use sunscreen during the day when using products with orange fruit extract, as it may increase sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- Kim, J., et al. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 57, 225-232.
- Kaur, G., et al. (2014). Skin lightening and anti-aging effects of Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(4), 218-224.
- Ribeiro, A. S., et al. (2018). Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract as a natural antioxidant in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(4), 370-376.
Other Names: Citrus Limon Fruit Extract
1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract:
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the lemon tree. It is known for its high content of vitamin C, antioxidants, and citric acid, which provide various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Lemon fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its brightening and clarifying properties. It helps to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote a more radiant complexion. Additionally, the antioxidants in lemon extract can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract:
Lemon fruit extract is typically found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, masks, and cleansers. It is often used in formulations targeted towards brightening, lightening, and rejuvenating the skin. When using products containing lemon extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., Kim, H. J., Lee, J., & Choi, J. H. (2016). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) extract. Food Chemistry, 202, 197-204.
- Kornsteiner, M., Wagner, K. H., & Elmadfa, I. (2006). Tocopherols and total phenolics in 10 different nut types. Food Chemistry, 98(2), 381-387.
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143-146.
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Carvone:
Carvone is a natural compound found in essential oils, particularly in spearmint and caraway. It is a clear liquid with a minty, slightly sweet aroma.
2. Use:
Carvone is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is often added to perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to enhance their aroma.
3. Usage Carvone:
When using carvone in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended guidelines for safe usage. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is also important to store products containing carvone in a cool, dark place to prevent degradation of the compound.
4. References:
- Aprotosoaie, A. C., Hăncianu, M., Costache, I. I., & Miron, A. (2014). Linalool: a review on a key odorant molecule with valuable biological properties. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 29(4), 193-219.
- Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils–a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 446-475.
- Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3), 223-253.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Other Names: L-limonene; D-limonene
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Limonene:
Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.
2. Use:
Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.
3. Usage Limonene:
When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.
- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.
Other Names: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous
1. Definition Propylene Glycol:
Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.
2. Use:
Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.
3. Usage Propylene Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group
- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive
1. Definition Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is an extract derived from the flowers of the Chamomilla Recutita plant, also known as German chamomile. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is used in skincare products for its calming and anti-irritant properties. It is often included in formulations designed for sensitive or irritated skin, as it can help reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, chamomile extract is known for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract:
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used at a concentration of 0.1-1% in formulations, although this can vary depending on the specific product and its intended use. When using products containing chamomile extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, individuals with allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as ragweed or marigolds) should exercise caution when using products with chamomile extract.
4. References:
- Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Mol Med Report. 2010 Nov 1;3(6):895-901. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2010.377.
- Reuter J, Huyke C, Casetti F, Theek C, Frank U, Augustin M. Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 May;6(5):428-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06605.x.
- Keane KM, Calton EK, Cruzat VF, Soares MJ, Newsholme P. The impact of cryopreservation on human peripheral blood leucocyte bioenergetics. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015 Apr;128(8):723-33. doi: 10.1042/CS20140521.
