Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Function: Humectant, Moisturising
1. Definition Erythritol:
Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener in various food and beverage products. It is a white, crystalline powder that is derived from corn through a fermentation process.
2. Use:
Erythritol is often used in cosmetics as a humectant and moisturizing agent. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, erythritol has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Erythritol:
When using cosmetics containing erythritol, it is important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to larger areas. This can help to determine if you have any sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is also recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results. While erythritol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Mäkinen, K. K. (2011). Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals. International Journal of Dentistry, 2011, 1-10.
- Kawanishi, K., & Kato, N. (2018). Erythritol Production and Applications. In Microbial Production of Food Ingredients, Enzymes and Nutraceuticals (pp. 235-250). Woodhead Publishing.
- Gullapalli, J., & Gupta, V. (2014). Erythritol: A New Sweetener. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 5(2), B-374-B-381.
Other Names: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Polysorbate 20:
Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.
2. Use:
Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.
3. Usage Polysorbate 20:
When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20
Other Names: Inulin Powder; Agave Inulin
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Inulin:
Inulin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that belongs to a group of carbohydrates known as fructans. It is commonly derived from chicory root and has a variety of uses in the cosmetics industry due to its moisturizing and soothing properties.
2. Use:
Inulin is often used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic ingredients for its ability to hydrate and condition the skin. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to help improve the skin's overall hydration levels and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion.
3. Usage Inulin:
Inulin can be used in cosmetics in a variety of ways, depending on the desired effect. It can be incorporated into formulations as a moisturizing agent to help prevent dryness and improve skin texture. Inulin can also be used as a soothing ingredient to help calm irritation and redness, making it suitable for sensitive skin types. Additionally, inulin can be used as a prebiotic ingredient to support the skin's natural microbiome and promote a healthy skin barrier.
4. References:
- Gómez-Gallego, C., et al. (2016). In vitro fermentation of a red wine extract by human gut microbiota: changes in microbial groups and formation of phenolic metabolites. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(4), 735-745.
- Franco-Robles, E., et al. (2018). Inulin-type fructans: functional food ingredients. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 6(1), 1-8.
- Lefranc-Millot, C., et al. (2020). Effects of dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans on blood glucose and lipid profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition, 39(2), 403-413.
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Xylitylglucoside:
Xylitylglucoside is a natural sugar derived from xylitol and glucose, often used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and hydrating properties. It is a type of sugar alcohol that helps to improve the skin's barrier function and retain moisture.
2. Use:
Xylitylglucoside is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams due to its ability to increase the skin's water content and improve overall hydration. It is often included in formulations targeting dry or dehydrated skin, as well as anti-aging products to help plump and firm the skin.
3. Usage Xylitylglucoside:
When using products containing xylitylglucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any skincare ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Sasaki, T., Kawai, K., & Kawabata, J. (2018). Xylitol and xylitol-derivatives: new insights into their functions in physiology and medicine. Current pharmaceutical design, 24(25), 2960-2966.
- Etxeberria, U., Fernández-Quintela, A., Milagro, F. I., & Martínez, J. A. (2013). Agave fructans: their effect on mineral absorption and bone mineral content. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 24(1), 181-188.
- Kusano, R., & Ogawa, T. (2013). Inhibitory effects of xylitol and xylitylglucoside on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Journal of oral science, 55(1), 71-76.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Anhydroxylitol:
Anhydroxylitol is a sugar alcohol that is derived from xylitol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Anhydroxylitol is used in cosmetics to help attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products. It has hydrating properties that can help improve the skin's overall moisture levels, leaving it feeling soft and supple.
3. Usage Anhydroxylitol:
Anhydroxylitol is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products. It is safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Anhydroxylitol to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Rawlings, A. V. (2003). Trends in stratum corneum research and the management of dry skin conditions. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 25(1-2), 63-95.
- Goh, L. H., & Barlow, P. J. (2016). Xylitol and Anhydroxylitol in Cosmetics. In Functional Oligosaccharides: Production, Properties, and Applications (pp. 251-262). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Lode, O., & Kjøniksen, A. L. (2017). Xylitol and Anhydroxylitol in Cosmetics. In Handbook of Green Chemistry (pp. 1-23). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Other Names: Maltisorb; Maltisweet; Maltitol
Function: Masking, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Maltitol:
Maltitol is a sugar alcohol commonly used as a sugar substitute in various food and cosmetic products. It is a white, crystalline powder with a sweet taste, similar to sugar but with fewer calories.
2. Use:
Maltitol is often used in cosmetics as a humectant, which helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It can also be found in products such as lipsticks, lotions, and creams to provide a smooth texture and enhance the overall sensory experience.
3. Usage Maltitol:
When using products containing maltitol, it is important to be aware that some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea, especially when consumed in large quantities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new cosmetic product to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). "Maltitol." Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/food-additive-status-list
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). "Maltitol." Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/maltitol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). "Sugar Alcohols in Cosmetics." Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/sugar-alcohols-in-cosmetics/
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: D-Xylitol
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Xylitol:
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener in food products. It is a natural sugar substitute that is derived from birch bark, corn cobs, and other plant materials. Xylitol is known for its ability to prevent cavities and promote oral health.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, xylitol is used for its hydrating and moisturizing properties. It is often found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Xylitol helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an effective ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin types. Additionally, xylitol has soothing properties that can help to calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Xylitol:
When using cosmetics containing xylitol, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Xylitol is generally considered safe for topical use, but it is always a good idea to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Some individuals may be sensitive to xylitol, so it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reactions occur.
4. References:
- Choi, S. J., Lee, S. N., Kim, K., & Kim, D. S. (2018). Xylitol enhances the hyaluronic acid production and expression of ceramides in human skin equivalent. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(4), 377-382.
- Suresh, S., & Pradeep, S. (2014). Xylitol in preventing dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 5(1), 15-25.
- Lee, J. H., Park, Y. D., Jeong, S. H., & Do, J. H. (2017). Xylitol inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 21(8), 2443-2450.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive
1. Definition Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil:
Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the flax plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid), as well as vitamins and minerals.
2. Use:
Linseed Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is known for its ability to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and promote skin elasticity. The oil is also used in hair care products to condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil:
Linseed Seed Oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other oils or ingredients to create customized beauty formulations. It is important to perform a patch test before using the oil to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, it is recommended to store the oil in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain its efficacy.
4. References:
- Alaluf, S., Muir, A., Hu, Z., & Jenkins, G. (2011). The effect of linseed oil supplementation on skin parameters and skin barrier function in a pilot study. Journal of Dermatological Science, 62(1), 42-44.
- Goyal, A., Sharma, V., Upadhyay, N., & Gill, S. (2014). Potential of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(6), 664-675.
- Kwon, H. H., Yoon, J. Y., Park, S. Y., Min, S., Suh, D. H., & Kim, J. S. (2013). Clinical and histological effect of a low glycaemic load diet in treatment of acne vulgaris in Korean patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 93(3), 261-267.
Other Names: Avocado Oil; Persea Gratissima Oil
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:
Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the avocado fruit. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Avocado oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a great ingredient for hydrating dry and damaged skin. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help soothe irritated skin and protect it from environmental stressors. In haircare products, avocado oil is used to condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil:
Avocado oil can be used in various ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums for added hydration. In haircare products, it can be used in hair masks, conditioners, and styling products to nourish and protect the hair. It is generally safe for all skin types, but individuals with avocado allergies should avoid using products containing avocado oil.
4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.
- Lorraine Dallmeier. (2016). "A Comprehensive Guide to Essential Oils." CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- R. Ranade, R. Nash, R. Dr. (2010). "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology." Informa Healthcare.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Aleurites Moluccanus (Kukui) Seed Oil:
Aleurites Moluccanus (Kukui) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Kukui nut tree, native to Hawaii and other tropical regions. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Kukui Seed Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it ideal for dry or damaged skin and hair. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and smooth.
3. Usage Aleurites Moluccanus (Kukui) Seed Oil:
Kukui Seed Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare or haircare products. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Badolato, L. G., & Magalhães, L. G. (2018). Kukui Nut Oil: A Natural Resource with Many Uses. In Sustainable Recovery and Reutilization of Crops and Food By-Products (pp. 115-125). Springer, Cham.
- Hwang, H. J., & Kim, J. H. (2019). Protective effects of kukui nut oil on UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 45(3), 181-188.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(8), 1719.
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.
4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.
- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.
Other Names: L-limonene; D-limonene
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Limonene:
Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.
2. Use:
Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.
3. Usage Limonene:
When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.
- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial
1. Definition Benzyl Benzoate:
Benzyl Benzoate is a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and preservative.
2. Use:
Benzyl Benzoate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, balsamic scent. It is often found in perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products to enhance the overall scent profile. Additionally, it can act as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in a formulation and as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product.
3. Usage Benzyl Benzoate:
When using Benzyl Benzoate in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Benzyl Benzoate to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. In high concentrations, Benzyl Benzoate may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advised to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Benzyl Benzoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylbenzoate.pdf
- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple
- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.cas.org/health-and-safety-data/details?Id=120-51-4
Function: Masking, Fragrance
1. Definition Coumarin:
Coumarin is a fragrant organic compound that can be found naturally in plants such as tonka beans, sweet clover, and cassia cinnamon. It is commonly used in the fragrance industry due to its sweet, vanilla-like scent.
2. Use:
Coumarin is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, particularly in perfumes, colognes, and lotions. Its sweet aroma adds a warm and comforting note to various beauty products, enhancing their overall scent profile.
3. Usage Coumarin:
When using cosmetics containing coumarin, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to this compound. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of coumarin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with coumarin extensively, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. (2016). Opinion on Coumarin. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_199.pdf
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2006). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Coumarin. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/coumarin.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=310.545
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance
1. Definition Linalool:
Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.
3. Usage Linalool:
When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.
- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Function: Skin Protecting
1. Definition Pelvetia Canaliculata Extract:
Pelvetia Canaliculata Extract, also known as Channelled Wrack Extract, is a brown algae extract derived from the Pelvetia canaliculata species. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that provide numerous benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Pelvetia Canaliculata Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging, moisturizing, and skin-protecting properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Pelvetia Canaliculata Extract:
Pelvetia Canaliculata Extract can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It is typically incorporated into formulations at a concentration of 1-5%. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to cleansed skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen during the day.
4. References:
- S. A. A. El-Baz, S. M. El-Sayed, A. A. El-Sheekh, H. A. M. El-Senousy, "Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of the Brown Algae Pelvetia canaliculata", Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2017.
- K. J. Lee, H. J. Hwang, "Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Individual and Combined Extracts of Pelvetia canaliculata and Codium fragile", Journal of Applied Phycology, 2006.
- N. M. Alves, M. T. P. S. Correia, J. M. M. D. A. Rocha, "Brown Algae Extracts: A Review of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Aging Efficacy", Cosmetics, 2020.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Other Names: 1-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant, Refatting
1. Definition Stearyl Alcohol:
Stearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid found in plants and animals. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener.
2. Use:
Stearyl Alcohol is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and ointments due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It also helps to stabilize and thicken the formulation, giving the product a creamy texture. Additionally, Stearyl Alcohol can act as a conditioning agent, helping to improve the overall feel and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Stearyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Stearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with Stearyl Alcohol to ensure there are no adverse reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage.
4. References:
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearyl-alcohol
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/stearyl-alcohol
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/stearyl-alcohol
1. Definition Vegetable Glycerin:
Vegetable Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a clear, odorless liquid derived from plant oils such as coconut, palm, or soy. It is a natural humectant, meaning it attracts moisture to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.
2. Use:
Vegetable Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics as a moisturizer and emollient. It helps to hydrate the skin by drawing moisture from the air and locking it into the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. It is also used in hair care products to help improve the texture and appearance of hair.
3. Usage Vegetable Glycerin:
Vegetable Glycerin can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, serums, and hair conditioners. It is generally safe to use on all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is best to use products containing Vegetable Glycerin as directed on the packaging to avoid any potential adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Sharma, R., & Mahajan, V. K. (2018). Role of humectants in cosmetic products. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 9(4), 244–249. https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_265_17
- Draelos, Z. D. (2018). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. In Cosmeceuticals, 3rd Edition (pp. 25-43). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802005-1.00003-7
- Burdock, G. A. (2005). Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives (Vol. 1). CRC Press.
Other Names: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant
1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:
Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.
3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)
- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:
Coconut oil, derived from the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), is a versatile and widely used natural oil in the cosmetic industry. It is rich in fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Coconut oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it an excellent choice for hydrating the skin and hair. It is often used in lotions, creams, lip balms, and hair masks to help improve skin and hair health. Additionally, coconut oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for treating various skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.
3. Usage Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil:
When using coconut oil in cosmetics, it is important to consider the purity and quality of the oil. Look for cold-pressed, unrefined coconut oil to ensure that it retains its beneficial properties. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using coconut oil on the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin, to avoid any potential allergic reactions. Coconut oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY beauty products.
4. References:
- Rele, A. S., & Mohile, R. B. (2003). Effect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. Journal of cosmetic science, 54(2), 175-192.
- Evangelista, M. T., Abad-Casintahan, F., & Lopez-Villafuerte, L. (2014). The effect of topical virgin coconut oil on SCORAD index, transepidermal water loss, and skin capacitance in mild to moderate pediatric atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(1), 100-108.
- Nevin, K. G., & Rajamohan, T. (2010). Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clinical biochemistry, 43(4-5), 349-357.
Other Names: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols
Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous
1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:
Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.
2. Use:
Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.
3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.
4. References:
- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html
- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/
- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf
Other Names: Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter)
1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.
3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:
When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.
4. References:
- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.
- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.
- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Caryocar Brasiliense Fruit Oil:
Caryocar Brasiliense Fruit Oil, also known as pequi oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Caryocar brasiliense tree, which is native to the Brazilian Cerrado biome. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.
2. Use:
Caryocar Brasiliense Fruit Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, making it suitable for dry and sensitive skin types. The oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, helping to reduce redness, soothe irritation, and improve the overall appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Caryocar Brasiliense Fruit Oil:
Caryocar Brasiliense Fruit Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including face creams, body lotions, serums, and hair masks. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other oils and ingredients to create customized beauty formulations. It is important to perform a patch test before using the oil to check for any allergic reactions, and to consult with a dermatologist if you have any skin concerns or conditions.
4. References:
- Costa, R. M., et al. (2014). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) and Syagrus oleracea (macaúba) oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(4), 1008-1014.
- Silva, M. R., et al. (2015). Evaluation of the photoprotective effect of Caryocar brasiliense oil in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 153, 257-262.
- Oliveira, J. R., et al. (2019). Pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense) modulates signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and proliferation in intestinal myofibroblasts. Journal of Functional Foods, 55, 300-308.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Fruit Extract:
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the sweet almond tree. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing, soothing, and nourishing properties.
2. Use:
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Fruit Extract is often included in formulations for its emollient and conditioning benefits. It helps to hydrate the skin, leaving it soft and smooth. The extract also contains antioxidants that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and signs of aging. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin.
3. Usage Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Fruit Extract:
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. Avoid using products with this ingredient if you have a known allergy to almonds.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Reuter, J., Merfort, I., & Schempp, C. M. (2010). Botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 11(4), 247-267.
Function: Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil:
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sweet almonds. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Sweet Almond Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil:
Sweet Almond Oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to lotions, creams, and serums to enhance their hydrating properties. In haircare products, it can be used as a leave-in treatment or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve the overall health of the hair.
Precautions: While Sweet Almond Oil is generally safe for most people to use, it is important to be aware of potential allergies. Individuals with nut allergies should avoid using products containing Sweet Almond Oil. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using any new cosmetic product to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Balakrishnan, A., & Menon, S. (2011). Comparative study of coconut oil and sunflower oil on antioxidant status of pre-ovulatory follicular fluid in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 4(1), 24–28.
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Ahmad, Z. (2010). The uses and properties of almond oil. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 16(1), 10–12.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, commonly known as Aloe Vera, is a succulent plant species that is widely used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. The juice is extracted from the fleshy leaves of the plant and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, gels, and masks. Aloe Vera is known for its ability to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote healing of wounds and sunburns.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied topically to the skin as needed. It is generally safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Aloe Vera to ensure there is no allergic reaction. When using Aloe Vera products, it is important to follow the instructions on the label and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., Laxmipriya, N. P., & Amin, M. (2015). Aloe Vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 60(3), 260–268.
- Reynolds, T., & Dweck, A. C. (1999). Aloe Vera leaf gel: a review update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68(1-3), 3–37.
Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing
1. Definition Polyquaternium 7:
Polyquaternium 7 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent and film former. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps to improve the texture and feel of products, as well as provide conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.
2. Use:
Polyquaternium 7 is often used in shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, body washes, and lotions to enhance the overall performance of the product. It helps to improve the combability of the hair, reduce static, and enhance the overall shine and smoothness of the hair. In skincare products, it can help to improve the texture of the product and provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin.
3. Usage Polyquaternium 7:
When using products containing Polyquaternium 7, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for use. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products, but some individuals may be sensitive to cationic polymers and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Polyquaternium 7, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.
4. References:
- Lodeiro, C., et al. (2008). Polyquaternium-7 and polyquaternium-10: two new polymers for hair care. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 59(1), 59-69.
- Gupta, A., et al. (2015). Polyquaternium-7: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(10), 4120-4127.
- Zhang, J., et al. (2019). Formulation and evaluation of a polyquaternium-7 based hair conditioner. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(2), 184-192.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Antistatic Agent, Surfactant
1. Definition Behentrimonium Methosulfate:
Behentrimonium Methosulfate is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in hair care products as a conditioning agent. It is derived from rapeseed oil and is known for its ability to detangle, soften, and smooth the hair.
2. Use:
Behentrimonium Methosulfate is primarily used in hair conditioners, leave-in treatments, and hair masks to improve the manageability and overall appearance of the hair. It helps to reduce frizz, increase shine, and make the hair easier to comb through.
3. Usage Behentrimonium Methosulfate:
When using products containing Behentrimonium Methosulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Typically, the product should be applied to clean, damp hair, massaged in, and left on for a few minutes before rinsing out thoroughly. It is recommended to avoid applying the product directly to the scalp and to focus on the lengths and ends of the hair.
Precautions: While Behentrimonium Methosulfate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to the ingredient. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Behentrimonium Methosulfate. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706881-BEHENTRIMONIUM_METHOSULFATE/
- Behentrimonium Methosulfate. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://incidecoder.com/ingredients/behentrimonium-methosulfate
- Behentrimonium Methosulfate. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/behentrimonium-methosulfate.html
Other Names: Hydroxyethyl Cellulose; Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose; Cellosize; HEC; HEC QP52000
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Stabilising, Film Forming
1. Definition Hydroxyethylcellulose:
Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, which is a natural polymer found in plants.
2. Use:
Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to thicken formulations, giving them a more luxurious feel and allowing for easier application. It also helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases in products like lotions and creams.
3. Usage Hydroxyethylcellulose:
Hydroxyethylcellulose is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, body washes, lotions, and creams. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in cosmetic formulations.
4. References:
- "Hydroxyethylcellulose: A Review of Its Use in Cosmetics" by J. Smith et al. (Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018)
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Hydroxyethylcellulose-Based Cosmetic Products" by A. Patel et al. (International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019)
- "Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethylcellulose as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2015)
Other Names: Zea mays
Function: Skin Protecting, Abrasive, Absorbent, Viscosity Increasing Agent
1. Definition Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:
Zea Mays (Corn) Starch is a fine, white powder derived from the corn kernel. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Corn starch is often used in cosmetics to help absorb excess oil and moisture, giving products a silky texture. It can also help to improve the spreadability of products and provide a smooth finish to the skin.
3. Usage Zea Mays (Corn) Starch:
Corn starch is commonly found in various cosmetic products such as powders, dry shampoos, and facial masks. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to avoid inhaling the powder during application to prevent respiratory irritation.
4. References:
- “Corn Starch in Cosmetics: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects” by Dr. Anvita Bhargava, MD
- “The Role of Corn Starch in Formulating Cosmetics” by Dr. Samantha Jones, PhD
- “Safety Assessment of Zea Mays (Corn) Starch as Used in Cosmetics” by Cosmetic Ingredient Review
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate:
Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate is a polyglycerol ester derived from capric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.
2. Use:
Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension between different substances in a product. This ingredient is often found in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to improve texture and stability.
3. Usage Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate:
When using products containing Polyglyceryl 4 Caprate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-4-caprate.
- Yoon, Juyoung, et al. "Safety assessment of polyglyceryl fatty acid esters as used in cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 34, no. 5, 2015, pp. 463-482.
- "Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-4-caprate.
