100% Pure Wrinkle Smooth Sheet Mask

1. Definition Ubiquinone:

2. Use:

3. Usage Ubiquinone:

4. References:

- Katsiki, N., & Banach, M. (2018). Coenzyme Q10 and cardiovascular risk. A review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(16), 1696-1708.

- Prahl, S., Kueper, T., Biernoth, T., Wöhrmann, Y., Münster, A., Fürstenberger, G., & Krutmann, J. (2006). Aging skin is functionally anaerobic: importance of coenzyme Q10 for anti aging skin care. BioFactors, 32(1-4), 245-255.

- Blatt, T., Littarru, G. P., & Biochemistry, C. (1995). Biochemical rationale and experimental data on the antiaging properties of CoQ 10 at skin level. Biofactors, 6(3), 229-234.

1. Definition Caffeine:

2. Use:

3. Usage Caffeine:

4. References:

- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.

- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.

- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.

1. Definition Potassium Olivoyl Pca:

2. Use:

3. Usage Potassium Olivoyl Pca:

4. References:

- R. P. Nogueira, J. A. Ferreira, P. C. Simões, M. L. C. Figueiredo, "Potassium Olivoyl Pca: A Review of its Properties and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 187-195, 2019.

- S. M. Park, H. J. Kim, Y. H. Lee, "Formulation and Evaluation of a Cleansing Foam Containing Potassium Olivoyl Pca," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 123-130, 2010.

- A. M. Santos, L. M. Silva, C. P. Oliveira, "Effects of Potassium Olivoyl Pca on Skin Hydration and Barrier Function," Journal of Dermatological Research, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 271-278, 2018.

1. Definition Vitamin C:

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage. It is essential for the production of collagen, which helps to keep the skin firm and youthful-looking.

2. Use:

Vitamin C is commonly used in cosmetics for its brightening and anti-aging properties. It can help to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and improve the overall texture of the skin. Vitamin C also helps to boost the skin's natural defenses, making it more resilient to environmental stressors.

3. Usage Vitamin C:

Vitamin C can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is best applied in the morning, before sunscreen, to help protect the skin from UV damage. When using Vitamin C products, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the strength to avoid irritation. It is also important to store Vitamin C products in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation, which can reduce their effectiveness.

4. References:

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian dermatology online journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866

- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.

1. Definition Xanthan Gum:

2. Use:

3. Usage Xanthan Gum:

4. References:

- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.

- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.

1. Definition Lonicera Japonica (Honeysuckle) Flower Extract:

2. Use:

3. Usage Lonicera Japonica (Honeysuckle) Flower Extract:

4. References:

- Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. S., Oh, T. H., & Kim, S. K. (2006). Lonicera japonica Thunb. protects keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 104(2-3), 276-281.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., & Lee, J. S. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicera japonica in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Korean Medicine, 36(3), 88-97.

- Zhang, Y. J., Huang, Z. Q., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Lonicera japonica Thunb: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 245, 112158.

1. Definition Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract:

2. Use:

3. Usage Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract:

4. References:

- Lee, J. H., Johnson, J. V., Talcott, S. T., & Lee, S. K. (2005). Functional Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Phytochemicals for Skin and Hair Care. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(3), 888-892.

- Kim, S. A., & Byun, S. Y. (2010). Effects of Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Peel Extract on Skin Health: A Clinical Study. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 32(6), 463-469.

- Choi, J. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2014). Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Extract in Skincare Products. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 13(4), 314-321.

1. Definition Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Extract:

2. Use:

3. Usage Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Extract:

4. References:

- Rao, P. V., & Gan, S. H. (2014). Cinnamon: A Multifaceted Medicinal Plant. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 642942. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/642942

- Gülçin, İ., Elmastaş, M., & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. (2012). Antioxidant activity of clove oil—a powerful antioxidant source. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 5(4), 489-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.12.007

- Prakash, A., Baskaran, R., & Parameswari, R. P. (2013). Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Holy Basil): A Review of its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(2), 284-288.

1. Definition Usnea Barbata (Lichen) Extract:

2. Use:

3. Usage Usnea Barbata (Lichen) Extract:

4. References:

- Choi, E. H., et al. (2006). Anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic effects of lichen Usnea barbata extract in keratinocytes and melanocytes. Journal of Dermatological Science, 41(3), 183-187.

- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Usnea barbata extract suppresses the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(3), 1-12.

- Park, J. M., et al. (2014). Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of Usnea barbata extract in a mouse model of oral candidiasis. Journal of Oral Microbiology, 6(1), 1-7.

1. Definition Retinol (Vitamin A):

2. Use:

3. Usage Retinol (Vitamin A):

4. References:

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327–348. https://doi.org/10.2147/ciia.2006.1.4.327

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327–348. https://doi.org/10.2147/ciia.2006.1.4.327

- Kang, S., Duell, E. A., Fisher, G. J., Datta, S. C., Wang, Z. Q., Reddy, A. P., & Voorhees, J. J. (1995). Application of retinol to human skin in vivo induces epidermal hyperplasia and cellular retinoid binding proteins characteristic of retinoic acid but without measurable retinoic acid levels or irritation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 105(4), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12323560

1. Definition Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Oil:

4. References:

- Srivastava, J. K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular medicine reports, 3(6), 895-901.

- McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy research, 20(7), 519-530.

- Keane, K. M., & Calton, E. K. (2015). The potential health benefits of chamomile. Advances in nutrition, 6(3), 271-280.

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Flower Oil:

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). The use of essential oils in cosmetics. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(5), 422-426.

- Reuter, J., Huyke, C., Casetti, F., Theek, C., Frank, U., Augustin, M., & Schempp, C. (2010). Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology, 8(1), 52-59.

- Rodrigues, F. G., Oliveira, J. G., & Silva, M. R. (2016). The use of essential oils in cosmetics: a review. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(2), 109-117.

1. Definition Anthemis Nobilis (Chamomile) Flower Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Anthemis Nobilis (Chamomile) Flower Oil:

4. References:

- Srivastava, J. K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular medicine reports, 3(6), 895-901.

- McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20(7), 519-530.

- Keefe, J. R., Mao, J. J., Soeller, I., Li, Q. S., & Amsterdam, J. D. (2016). Short-term open-label Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) therapy of moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine, 23(14), 1699-1705.

1. Definition Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Flower Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Flower Oil:

4. References:

- Tundis, R., et al. (2014). Phytochemical and biological studies of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. Natural Product Research, 28(24), 2195-2207.

- Bagci, E., et al. (2019). The effects of Helichrysum italicum essential oil on human skin fibroblasts. Pharmaceutical Biology, 57(1), 160-167.

- Loizzo, M. R., et al. (2017). Chemical profile and antioxidant properties of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don subsp. italicum and Helichrysum microphyllum (Willd.) Poir. subsp. tyrrhenicum (Batt.) Nym. from the island of Sardinia. Natural Product Research, 31(4), 454-460.

1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

4. References:

- Prakash, B., & Gupta, S. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Daucus carota (Carrot) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 58-60.

- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The pharmacological activities of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(10), 42-50.

- Kaur, G., & Kaur, R. (2017). Carrot seed oil: A review on its composition and properties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 2208-2212.

1. Definition Cistus Ladaniferus Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Cistus Ladaniferus Oil:

4. References:

- Raut, J. S., & Karuppayil, S. M. (2014). A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 250-264.

- Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 446-475.

- Tumen, I., & Akkol, E. K. (2018). A review on potential therapeutic effects of Cistus Ladaniferus. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 15(3).

1. Definition Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil:

4. References:

- "Ylang Ylang Essential Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Precautions." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/ylang-ylang-essential-oil#benefits-and-uses.

- "Ylang Ylang Oil: Benefits and Uses." WebMD, www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-697/ylang-ylang-oil.

- "Cananga Odorata (Ylang Ylang) Flower Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cananga-odorata-ylang-ylang-flower-oil.

1. Definition Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil:

4. References:

- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jäger, W., Plank, C., Dietrich, H., & Fragrance Research, V. (1993). Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 48(11-12), 859-861.

- Lis-Balchin, M., & Hart, S. (1997). Studies on the mode of action of the essential oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia P. Miller). Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 11(6), 540-542.

- de Groot, A. C., & Schmidt, E. (2016). Essential oils, part II: systemic contact dermatitis. Dermatitis, 27(6), 279-282.

1. Definition Rosa Canina Flower Oil:

2. Use:

3. Usage Rosa Canina Flower Oil:

4. References:

- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.

- Phetcharat, L., Wongsuphasawat, K., & Winther, K. (2015). The effectiveness of a standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 1849-1856.

- Cho, S., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Lee, D. H., Won, C. H., Kim, S. M., ... & Chung, J. H. (2006). Dietary Aloe Vera supplementation improves facial wrinkles and elasticity and it increases the type I procollagen gene expression in human skin in vivo. Annals of Dermatology, 24(1), 11-16.