Algenist Elevate Advanced Lift Contouring Cream

1. Definition Glycerin:

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.

2. Use:

Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.

3. Usage Glycerin:

When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.

1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.

3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.

- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

1. Definition Parachlorella Beijerinckii Exopolysaccharides:

Parachlorella Beijerinckii Exopolysaccharides are a type of polysaccharide derived from the microalgae Parachlorella Beijerinckii. These exopolysaccharides are known for their moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making them a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Parachlorella Beijerinckii Exopolysaccharides are commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for their ability to hydrate the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect against free radical damage. These exopolysaccharides can help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin, making them a valuable addition to anti-aging, moisturizing, and soothing skincare formulations.

3. Usage Parachlorella Beijerinckii Exopolysaccharides:

When using skincare products containing Parachlorella Beijerinckii Exopolysaccharides, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. These exopolysaccharides are generally safe for use on all skin types, but it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is best to store skincare products containing Parachlorella Beijerinckii Exopolysaccharides in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.

4. References:

- Couteau, C., & Coiffard, L. (2017). Microalgae in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 153-160.

- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris. Food Chemistry, 271, 165-173.

- Guedes, A. C., et al. (2013). Bioremediation of mercury by biofilm-forming microalgae: Kinetics, equilibria, and toxicity of the process. Bioresource Technology, 129, 209-213.

1. Definition Dunaliella Salina Extract:

Dunaliella Salina Extract is a natural ingredient derived from a type of microalgae found in saltwater lakes. It is known for its high concentration of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Dunaliella Salina Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, improve skin hydration, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it can help to even out skin tone and promote a more youthful and radiant complexion.

3. Usage Dunaliella Salina Extract:

Dunaliella Salina Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used as a key active ingredient in formulations designed to target specific skin concerns such as dullness, dryness, and aging. To use products containing Dunaliella Salina Extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen for best results.

4. References:

- Berman, J., & Ziv, T. (2016). The efficacy of Dunaliella salina extract in skin care formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 67(3), 135-142.

- Ginzburg, A., & Cohen, M. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-aging properties of Dunaliella salina extract. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(5), 437-443.

- Oren, A., & Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2012). Dunaliella: Physiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology. CRC Press.

1. Definition Plankton Extract:

Plankton extract is a natural ingredient derived from various species of plankton, which are microscopic marine organisms. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Plankton extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging, hydrating, and brightening properties. It helps to improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, plankton extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Plankton Extract:

Plankton extract is typically found in serums, creams, and masks. It can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning, either as a standalone product or as part of a skincare routine. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to perform a patch test before using it on the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Kim, S. K., & Thomas, N. V. (2011). Marine Cosmeceuticals: Trends and Prospects. CRC Press.

- Garmyn, D., & Mammone, T. (2008). Plankton extract as an anti-aging ingredient. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(3), 201-206.

- Lee, C. H., & Kim, S. K. (2013). Marine-derived anti-wrinkle peptides. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(2), 15892-15907.

1. Definition Trifluoroacetyl Tripeptide 2:

Trifluoroacetyl Tripeptide 2 is a synthetic peptide consisting of three amino acids (glycine, histidine, and lysine) attached to a trifluoroacetyl group. This compound is often used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin brightening properties.

2. Use:

Trifluoroacetyl Tripeptide 2 is commonly used in skincare products to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin texture, and promote a more even skin tone. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, which can help to firm and plump the skin, resulting in a more youthful complexion.

3. Usage Trifluoroacetyl Tripeptide 2:

When using products containing Trifluoroacetyl Tripeptide 2, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin either in the morning or evening, depending on the specific formulation. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with this peptide, as it may increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight.

4. References:

- Lee, H. J., Lee, J. H., Cho, Y., & Kim, H. R. (2016). Anti-wrinkle effects of trifluoroacetyl-tripeptide-2 in human fibroblasts and human skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 15(4), 409-414.

- Kim, H. R., Lee, H. J., Lee, J. H., & Cho, Y. (2017). Trifluoroacetyl-tripeptide-2 inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 16(1), 72-77.

- Choi, J. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, J. H., & Kim, H. R. (2018). Trifluoroacetyl-tripeptide-2 promotes wound healing in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 17(2), 192-196.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:

Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is a water-soluble protein derived from wheat that has been broken down into smaller peptides through hydrolysis. It is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to penetrate the skin and hair, providing hydration and strengthening properties.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks. It helps to improve the elasticity and strength of the hair, making it less prone to breakage and damage. In skincare products, it is often included for its moisturizing properties, helping to hydrate and nourish the skin.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with wheat allergies should exercise caution and perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to avoid any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein in Cosmetics: Benefits and Applications." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/hydrolyzed-wheat-protein

- "The Benefits of Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein for Hair." NaturallyCurly. https://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/ingredients/the-benefits-of-hydrolyzed-wheat-protein-for-hair

- "Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein: What It Does for Your Skin and Hair." Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrolyzed-wheat-protein#benefits

1. Definition Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate:

Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate is a synthetic peptide compound commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is derived from amino acids and urea, and is often included in skincare products for its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

2. Use:

Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate is primarily used in anti-aging creams, serums, and other skincare products. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen production, which can help to firm and plump the skin, resulting in a more youthful appearance. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.

3. Usage Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate:

When using products containing Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products regularly, typically once or twice a day, for best results. It is also important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the face to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Yang, S., Lin, S., Yang, S., & Li, H. (2017). Anti-aging potential of Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate: In vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(2), 105-113.

- Smith, J., & Johnson, L. (2019). The role of Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate in anti-aging skincare products. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2019, 1-8.

- Patel, R., Patel, S., & Patel, K. (2020). Formulation and evaluation of an anti-aging cream containing Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(3), 289-297.

1. Definition Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is a synthetic peptide composed of three amino acids linked to a palmitic acid molecule. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is known to stimulate collagen production in the skin, leading to improved skin firmness and elasticity. It also helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging creams and serums.

3. Usage Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5:

Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is typically found in concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% in skincare products. It is recommended to apply products containing this peptide to clean, dry skin, both in the morning and evening. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer to achieve optimal results.

Precautions: While Palmitoyl Tripeptide 5 is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

- Schagen, S. K. (2017). Topical peptide treatments with effective anti-aging results. Cosmetics, 4(2), 16.

- Kim, S., Lee, H., Lee, J. H., & Kim, Y. (2018). Anti-wrinkle and skin-moisturizing effects of a cosmetic containing palmitoyl tripeptide-5, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, and palmitoyl dipeptide-5 diaminobutyroyl hydroxythreonine. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(6), 1127-1131.

1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:

Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.

2. Use:

Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.

3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:

When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.

4. References:

- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.

- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

1. Definition Gold:

Gold in cosmetics refers to the use of gold particles or gold-infused ingredients in skincare, makeup, and hair care products. Gold is believed to have anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and brightening properties, making it a popular ingredient in luxury beauty products.

2. Use:

Gold in cosmetics is commonly used in serums, creams, masks, and even makeup products such as highlighters and eyeshadows. It is often included in formulations targeting mature skin to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity, and promote a radiant complexion.

3. Usage Gold:

When using cosmetics containing gold, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Gold-infused products are generally safe for most skin types, but it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying them to the entire face to check for any allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Lee, S., & Lee, H. J. (2018). Gold nanoparticles in cosmetics: the role of nanotechnology in modern cosmetology. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(2), 123-131.

- Mukherjee, S., & Chowdhury, D. (2014). Gold nanoparticles in cosmetics: a review. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 65(3), 125-133.

- Lohani, A., Verma, A., Joshi, H., Yadav, N., & Karki, N. (2014). Nanotechnology-based cosmeceuticals. ISRN Dermatology, 2014.

- These references provide valuable insights into the use of gold nanoparticles in cosmetics, their benefits, and potential risks associated with their use.

1. Definition Arginine/ Lysine Polypeptide:

Arginine/Lysine Polypeptide is a combination of two amino acids, arginine and lysine, that are often used in cosmetics for their skin conditioning properties. These amino acids are essential for maintaining healthy skin and are known for their ability to improve skin texture and appearance.

2. Use:

Arginine/Lysine Polypeptide is commonly used in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is often included in anti-aging formulations due to its ability to promote collagen production and improve skin elasticity. Additionally, arginine/lysine polypeptide can help to hydrate and nourish the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and treatments for dry or damaged skin.

3. Usage Arginine/ Lysine Polypeptide:

When using products containing Arginine/Lysine Polypeptide, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products should be applied to clean, dry skin and massaged in gently until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use these products regularly for best results and to discontinue use if any irritation or sensitivity occurs.

4. References:

- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

- Farris, P. K. (2005). Topical vitamin C: a useful agent for treating photoaging and other dermatologic conditions. Dermatologic surgery, 31(s1), 814-818.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Rice Protein:

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is a plant-derived protein obtained through the hydrolysis of rice bran. It is a natural ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Rice Protein is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and appearance of skin and hair. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums to help hydrate and nourish the skin. In hair care products, it can help strengthen and repair damaged hair, leaving it looking healthier and more manageable.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Rice Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Rice Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Kim, S. Y., & Kim, J. M. (2010). Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Tricholoma matsutake Singer against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in V79-4 Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 145-152.

- Kamarudin, M. S., Sajak, A. A. B., & Othman, F. (2012). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity of Phyllanthus amarus on breast cancer cell lines. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1), 1-14.

- Yang, S. C., & Chang, C. S. (2013). The effect of hydrolyzed rice bran protein on the skin properties. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 64(1), 1-9.

1. Definition Hydrolyzed Oat Protein:

Hydrolyzed Oat Protein is a natural ingredient derived from oats that has been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. This process makes the protein more easily absorbed by the skin and hair, allowing for better penetration and effectiveness.

2. Use:

Hydrolyzed Oat Protein is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to hydrate the skin and hair, improve elasticity, and strengthen the hair shaft. It is often found in shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams targeting dry or damaged skin and hair.

3. Usage Hydrolyzed Oat Protein:

When using products containing Hydrolyzed Oat Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with known oat allergies should exercise caution and perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. As with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist or allergist if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Barel, A., Paye, M., & Maibach, H. (2001). Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. CRC Press.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. (1999). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

1. Definition Potassium Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Oat Protein:

Potassium Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Oat Protein is a natural ingredient derived from oat protein that has been hydrolyzed and combined with potassium palmitoyl, a fatty acid derived from palm oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties.

2. Use:

Potassium Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Oat Protein is used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its ability to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and reduce inflammation. It is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or dry skin, as it can help to calm irritation and provide long-lasting moisture.

3. Usage Potassium Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Oat Protein:

When using products containing Potassium Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Oat Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with known oat allergies should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Hydrolyzed Oats and Their Potential Use in Cosmetics" by K. Schmid and M. Maier, Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2013.

- "Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Moisturizing Properties of Potassium Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Oat Protein" by A. Smith et al., International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.

- "Formulation and Evaluation of a Moisturizing Cream Containing Potassium Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Oat Protein" by L. Chen et al., Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020.

1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is derived from the oat plant and is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm irritated skin and provide hydration.

2. Use:

Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and emollient properties. It is often included in products designed for sensitive skin, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to help reduce redness, itching, and dryness. This ingredient is also known to help improve the skin's barrier function and protect against environmental stressors.

3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:

When using products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no adverse reactions. This ingredient is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with oat allergies should avoid products containing oat-derived ingredients. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with this extract.

4. References:

- Baumann, Leslie. "Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients." McGraw Hill Professional, 2015.

- Draelos, Zoe Diana. "Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures." John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

- Sur, Rituparna. "Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs vs. Cosmetics." CRC Press, 2016.

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.

1. Definition Acetyl Hydroxyproline:

Acetyl Hydroxyproline is a synthetic peptide that is derived from the amino acid hydroxyproline. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties and ability to promote collagen production in the skin.

2. Use:

Acetyl Hydroxyproline is primarily used in cosmetic formulations as an active ingredient to help improve skin elasticity and firmness. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen synthesis, which can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, it has moisturizing properties that can help hydrate the skin and improve overall skin texture.

3. Usage Acetyl Hydroxyproline:

Acetyl Hydroxyproline is typically found in anti-aging serums, creams, and lotions. It is recommended to use products containing this ingredient as part of a daily skincare routine, applying a small amount to clean, dry skin. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Farris, P. (2007). Topical vitamin C: a useful agent for treating photoaging and other dermatologic conditions. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7 Pt 2), 814-818.

- Lupo, M. P. (2001). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 14(4), 303-309.

- Varani, J., Dame, M. K., Rittie, L., Fligiel, S. E. G., Kang, S., Fisher, G. J., ... & Voorhees, J. J. (2006). Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation. The American Journal of Pathology, 168(6), 1861-1868.

1. Definition Biosaccharide Gum 1:

Biosaccharide Gum 1 is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of plant sugars, specifically glucose and sucrose. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Biosaccharide Gum 1 is often included in skincare products for its ability to provide long-lasting hydration to the skin. It forms a protective film on the skin's surface, helping to prevent moisture loss and maintain skin's natural barrier function. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm and soothe irritated skin.

3. Usage Biosaccharide Gum 1:

Biosaccharide Gum 1 is typically found in moisturizers, serums, and masks, where it can help improve skin hydration levels and overall skin health. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and dry skin. To use, apply a product containing Biosaccharide Gum 1 to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Lupo, M. P. (2009). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 20(5), 343-349.

- Rawlings, A. V. (2003). Trends in stratum corneum research and the management of dry skin conditions. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 25(1-2), 63-95.

- Seité, S., & Misery, L. (2016). New insights into the role of the skin barrier in healthy and diseased skin. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2016.

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

1. Definition Sodium Ascorbate:

Sodium Ascorbate is a water-soluble form of Vitamin C that is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties. It is a stable derivative of Vitamin C that helps to protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Sodium Ascorbate is used in cosmetics for its ability to brighten the skin, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and brightening treatments to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Sodium Ascorbate:

When using products containing Sodium Ascorbate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and to allow it to fully absorb before applying other skincare products. It is also important to wear sunscreen during the day when using products containing Sodium Ascorbate, as Vitamin C can make the skin more sensitive to the sun.

4. References:

- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593

- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. (2017). The roles of Vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866

- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the skin: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.

1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.

2. Use:

Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:

Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.

- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.

- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.

1. Definition Citric Acid:

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.

2. Use:

Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.

3. Usage Citric Acid:

When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.

4. References:

- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline

- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review

- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health

1. Definition Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer:

Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a copolymer of hydroxyethyl acrylate and sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate, which helps improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, serums, and gels. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, improve the spreadability of products, and enhance the overall performance and feel of the formulation. This copolymer is often found in skincare products, hair care products, and makeup products.

3. Usage Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer:

When using products containing Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of acrylates copolymer and 33 related cosmetic ingredients. International Journal of Toxicology. 2001;20 Suppl 1:1-50.

- Personal Care Products Council. Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer. Accessed from: https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxyethyl-acrylatesodium-acryloyldimethyl-taurate-copolymer

- European Commission. CosIng - Cosmetics - Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer. Accessed from: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=76317

1. Definition Squalane:

Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.

2. Use:

Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.

3. Usage Squalane:

Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.

Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.

- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.

1. Definition Sodium Polyacrylate Starch:

Sodium Polyacrylate Starch is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a white, odorless powder that is highly absorbent and has the ability to hold onto water molecules.

2. Use:

Sodium Polyacrylate Starch is used in various cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and serums to improve the texture and consistency of the product. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture while also providing hydration to the skin. Additionally, it can help to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of ingredients in the product.

3. Usage Sodium Polyacrylate Starch:

When using products containing Sodium Polyacrylate Starch, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Sharma, A., & Garg, T. (2018). Polyacrylates: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(6), 2294-2305.

- Amin, M. C. I. M., & Ahmad, N. (2016). Polyacrylate Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. In Polymeric Hydrogels as Smart Biomaterials (pp. 131-156). Springer, Cham.

- Ngo, T. D., & Tran, T. N. (2017). Synthesis and Characterization of Polyacrylate Superabsorbent Hydrogels from Renewable Resources. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 54(4), 328-335.

1. Definition Dimethicone Peg 10/ 15 Crosspolymer:

Dimethicone Peg 10/15 Crosspolymer is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent.

2. Use:

Dimethicone Peg 10/15 Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, sunscreens, and makeup products. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of the product, giving it a smooth and silky feel on the skin. Additionally, it can also act as a barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

3. Usage Dimethicone Peg 10/ 15 Crosspolymer:

When using products containing Dimethicone Peg 10/15 Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Dimethicone Peg-10/15 Crosspolymer" CosmeticsInfo.org, https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dimethicone-peg-1015-crosspolymer

- "Dimethicone Peg-10/15 Crosspolymer" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dimethicone-peg-1015-crosspolymer/

- "Dimethicone Peg-10/15 Crosspolymer" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dimethicone-peg-1015-crosspolymer

1. Definition Polysorbate 60:

Polysorbate 60 is a nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a yellowish liquid that is derived from sorbitol and oleic acid.

2. Use:

Polysorbate 60 is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and solubilizer. It helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients together, ensuring that the product maintains its consistency and texture. It is often found in creams, lotions, and makeup products to improve their overall performance and appearance.

3. Usage Polysorbate 60:

When using products containing Polysorbate 60, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. While it is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Polysorbate 60 to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- "Polysorbate 60." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-60.

- "Polysorbate 60." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polysorbate-60.

- "Polysorbate 60." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polysorbate-60/.

1. Definition Adenosine:

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that plays a crucial role in various biochemical processes in the body. In cosmetics, adenosine is used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Adenosine is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, reduce the signs of aging, and promote skin elasticity. It also helps to calm and soothe irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Adenosine:

Adenosine is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, where it is applied directly to the skin. It is recommended to use products containing adenosine as part of a regular skincare routine, applying them after cleansing and toning the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Topical adenosine for hair loss: A promising alternative to minoxidil. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 457-461.

- Kim, D. S., et al. (2013). Anti-wrinkle activity of adenosine in human dermal fibroblasts through activation of adenosine A2A receptor signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 133(1), 282-291.

- Baek, J. H., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory role of adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor in human mast cells: Evidence and therapeutic potential. Journal of Immunology, 196(10), 4002-4011.

1. Definition Sorbitan Isostearate:

Sorbitan Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from sorbitol and isostearic acid. It is commonly used as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.

2. Use:

Sorbitan Isostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to stabilize and improve the texture of products such as lotions, creams, and makeup.

3. Usage Sorbitan Isostearate:

Sorbitan Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but as with any ingredient, there is a potential for sensitivity or allergic reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Sorbitan Isostearate, especially if you have sensitive skin or known allergies.

4. References:

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sorbitan-isostearate

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sorbitan-isostearate

- "Sorbitan Isostearate" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/sorbitan-isostearate/

1. Definition Lecithin:

Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.

2. Use:

Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.

3. Usage Lecithin:

When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.

- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.

- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.

1. Definition Panthenol:

Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.

2. Use:

Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

3. Usage Panthenol:

Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.

1. Definition Magnesium Chloride:

Magnesium Chloride is a naturally occurring mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its various benefits for the skin. It is known for its ability to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health.

2. Use:

Magnesium Chloride is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums due to its ability to enhance the skin's barrier function, improve moisture retention, and soothe irritated skin. It is also used in hair care products to strengthen hair follicles, reduce scalp inflammation, and promote healthy hair growth.

3. Usage Magnesium Chloride:

When using cosmetics containing Magnesium Chloride, it is important to follow the product instructions carefully to avoid any potential adverse reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Magnesium Chloride into their skincare routine.

4. References:

- "Magnesium: The Ultimate Guide" by Dr. Carolyn Dean

- "The Role of Magnesium in Dermatology" by Dr. George Kroumpouzos

- "Magnesium in Human Health and Disease" edited by Robert Vink and Mihai Nechifor

1. Definition Dextran:

Dextran is a complex branched polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked together in a linear chain. It is commonly derived from the fermentation of sucrose by certain bacteria.

2. Use:

Dextran is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin conditioning properties. It helps to improve the skin's hydration levels and can also enhance the texture and feel of skincare products.

3. Usage Dextran:

Dextran is often found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products designed to hydrate and nourish the skin. It can be used in both leave-on and rinse-off formulations, depending on the desired effect. When using products containing dextran, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Lee, S., Kim, M. J., Kim, S. Y., Lee, S. J., & Kim, S. H. (2018). Dextran-based nanogels as drug carriers: An overview. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(1), 59-68.

- Singh, A., & Van Hamme, J. D. (2012). Biomedical applications of dextran. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(5), 940-946.

- Lin, Y. L., & Huang, A. C. (2018). Dextran derivatives and their biomedical applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 183, 174-188.

1. Definition Pantolactone:

Pantolactone is a derivative of pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5. It is a water-soluble compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

2. Use:

Pantolactone is often included in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions for its ability to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture. It is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for dry or dehydrated skin.

3. Usage Pantolactone:

Pantolactone is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing pantolactone to their face or body. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer to avoid any potential irritation or adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw Hill Professional.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry skin and moisturizers: chemistry and function. CRC Press.

1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.

2. Use:

Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.

3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:

When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.

4. References:

- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.

- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.

- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.

1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.

2. Use:

Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.

3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:

Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.

4. References:

- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017

- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.

- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.

1. Definition Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.

2. Use:

Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Chlorphenesin:

Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.

4. References:

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.

- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.

1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:

Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.

2. Use:

Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.

3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:

When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate

- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024

- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics

1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.

2. Use:

Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.

3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:

Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.

4. References:

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.

- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.

1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:

Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.

2. Use:

Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.

3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:

When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.

- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.

1. Definition Fragrance:

Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.

2. Use:

Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.

3. Usage Fragrance:

When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.

4. References:

- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.

- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.

- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.

1. Definition Citronellol:

Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

2. Use:

Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.

3. Usage Citronellol:

Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.

4. References:

- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.

- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.

- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.

1. Definition Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde:

Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, also known as Lyral, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent and is often used to add a fresh and clean aroma to various products.

2. Use:

Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall fragrance profile of a product.

3. Usage Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde:

When using products containing Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance compound. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. European Commission, 2018.

- CosmeticsInfo.org. Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxyisohexyl-3-cyclohexene-carboxaldehyde

- Personal Care Council. Safety Assessment of Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2013.

1. Definition Limonene:

Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.

2. Use:

Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.

3. Usage Limonene:

When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.

4. References:

- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.

- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.

- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.