Arcona Night Worker® - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: vitamin c; vit c; l-ascorbic acid
Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Flavoring Agent, Phadjuster
1. Definition Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):
Ascorbic Acid, also known as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect the skin from free radicals and UV damage, promote collagen production, and brighten the complexion.
2. Use:
Ascorbic Acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties and ability to boost collagen production. It is often included in anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and sunscreens to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. Ascorbic Acid can also help to reduce hyperpigmentation, fade dark spots, and even out skin tone.
3. Usage Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):
When using products containing Ascorbic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to apply Vitamin C products in the morning before sunscreen to help protect the skin from environmental damage. It is also important to store Vitamin C products in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation and maintain their effectiveness.
4. References:
- Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 10(7), 14–17.
- Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143–146.
- Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Other Names: Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol; Cetostearyl Alcohol; C16-18 Alcohols
Function: Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Viscosity Increasingagent - Aqueous
1. Definition Cetearyl Alcohol:
Cetearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients.
2. Use:
Cetearyl Alcohol is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, as well as improve the texture and consistency of the product. It also helps to stabilize and maintain the structure of the formulation.
3. Usage Cetearyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when using products with Cetearyl Alcohol, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions for use provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective application.
4. References:
- "Cetearyl Alcohol" by Paula Begoun, Cosmetics Cop, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetearyl-alcohol.html
- "Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Safe or Harmful?" by Dr. Anvita Arora, Dermatologist, https://www.dranvitaarora.com/cetearyl-alcohol-in-cosmetics-safe-or-harmful/
- "The Role of Cetearyl Alcohol in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/cetearylcir.pdf
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Gluconic Acid:
Gluconic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid derived from glucose through a fermentation process. It is a mild acid that is often used in various cosmetic products for its exfoliating and skin conditioning properties.
2. Use:
Gluconic acid is commonly used in skincare products such as exfoliants, toners, and moisturizers. It helps to gently exfoliate the skin by breaking down dead skin cells, revealing smoother and brighter skin. Additionally, gluconic acid is known for its ability to improve skin hydration and texture, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging and hydrating formulations.
3. Usage Gluconic Acid:
When using skincare products containing gluconic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of gluconic acid to allow your skin to acclimate to the ingredient. It is also important to wear sunscreen during the day when using products with gluconic acid, as it can increase sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- S. Kaur, G. K. Dhillon, and A. Kumar, "Gluconic acid: Properties, applications and microbial production," Biotechnology Advances, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 93-112, 2007.
- M. A. Nazzaro, M. M. De Rosa, and A. G. T. Pinto, "Gluconic acid as a multifunctional ingredient in the food industry," Food Science and Technology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2017.
- G. S. Kulkarni and S. S. Kaware, "Gluconic acid: Production, properties, applications and microbial fermentation," International Journal of Microbial Resource Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2012.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) Root Extract:
Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) Root Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the root of the wild yam plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Dioscorea Villosa Root Extract is known for its ability to help calm and soothe irritated skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products designed for sensitive or inflamed skin. It is also believed to have antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) Root Extract:
Dioscorea Villosa Root Extract is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It can be used in both leave-on and rinse-off products. When using products containing this ingredient, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., & Ra, J. C. (2015). Effects of Dioscorea batatas Decne. root on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 174, 192-200.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., & Ra, J. C. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effect of Dioscorea batatas Decne. root on macrophages activated by LPS stimulation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 178, 129-137.
- Kim, Y. G., Lee, J. H., & Ra, J. C. (2017). Skin protective effects of Dioscorea batatas Decne. root against UVB-induced damage in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 206, 189-197.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Fragrance, Humectant, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Exfoliant, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Humectant
1. Definition Lactic Acid, L:
Lactic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in milk and various fruits. It is often used in skincare products for its exfoliating and moisturizing properties.
2. Use:
Lactic acid is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to gently exfoliate the skin, promoting cell turnover and revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can also help to improve the skin's texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and even out skin tone.
3. Usage Lactic Acid, L:
When using skincare products containing lactic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase as your skin becomes accustomed to the ingredient. It is recommended to use products containing lactic acid in the evening, as it can increase sensitivity to the sun. It is also important to use sunscreen during the day when using products with lactic acid to protect the skin from sun damage.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic dermatology: principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327.
Other Names: CI 40800; CI 75130; β-Carotene
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Beta Carotene:
Beta Carotene is a naturally occurring pigment found in plants, fruits, and vegetables that is converted into vitamin A in the body. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to promote healthy skin.
2. Use:
Beta Carotene is used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors such as UV radiation and pollution. It is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and can help to improve the overall appearance of the skin, promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion.
3. Usage Beta Carotene:
Beta Carotene is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and oils. It can be applied topically to the skin to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin tone and texture, and protect against free radical damage. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions on the product packaging to avoid any potential irritation or adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Bhosale, P., & Serban, B. (2017). Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 64(3), 507-512.
- Darvin, M. E., Sterry, W., Lademann, J., & Patzelt, A. (2014). Cutaneous concentration of lycopene correlates significantly with the roughness of the skin. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 87(1), 196-201.
- Lin, F. H., Lin, J. Y., Gupta, R. D., Tournas, J. A., Burch, J. A., Selim, M. A., ... & Fisher, G. J. (2005). Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 125(4), 826-832.
Other Names: Cocos Caprylate/ Caprate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Coco Caprylate/ Caprate:
Coco Caprylate/ Caprate is a natural ester derived from coconut oil and caprylic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is a lightweight, fast-absorbing ingredient that helps to hydrate and soften the skin without leaving a greasy residue.
2. Use:
Coco Caprylate/ Caprate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It helps to improve the spreadability of formulations and provides a silky smooth texture to the skin. Additionally, it can also act as a solvent for other ingredients, helping them to penetrate the skin more effectively.
3. Usage Coco Caprylate/ Caprate:
When using products containing Coco Caprylate/ Caprate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Coco-Caprylate/Caprate" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/coco-caprylatecaprate
- "Coco-Caprylate" by Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/coco-caprylate
- "Coco-Caprylate" by Skin Deep, https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706751-COCO-CAPRYLATE/
Other Names: Fructo-Oligosaccharides
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Fructooligosaccharides:
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a type of carbohydrate that are composed of short chains of fructose molecules. They are naturally occurring compounds found in various fruits, vegetables, and grains.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, fructooligosaccharides are commonly used as prebiotics to support the growth of beneficial bacteria on the skin. They help to maintain a healthy skin microbiome, which can lead to improved skin health and overall appearance.
3. Usage Fructooligosaccharides:
Fructooligosaccharides can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and cleansers. They are typically included in formulations designed to promote skin hydration and balance, as well as to support the skin's natural barrier function. When using products containing fructooligosaccharides, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin.
4. References:
- Roberfroid, M. B. (2007). Inulin-type fructans: functional food ingredients. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(11), 2493S-2502S.
- Schrezenmeir, J., & de Vrese, M. (2001). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(2), 361s-364s.
- Slavin, J. (2013). Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients, 5(4), 1417-1435.
Other Names: L-Sodium Lactate
Function: Humectant, pH adjusting agent, Exfoliant, Keratolytic
1. Definition Sodium Lactate:
Sodium Lactate is the sodium salt of natural Lactic Acid, a humectant and pH regulator commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid that is water-soluble and has a slightly salty taste.
2. Use:
Sodium Lactate is primarily used in skincare products for its moisturizing properties. It helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it an effective ingredient in lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, it can help to improve the texture and appearance of the skin by smoothing out rough patches and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Sodium Lactate:
When using products containing Sodium Lactate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Sodium Lactate to ensure compatibility with your skin. It is also important to store products containing Sodium Lactate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their efficacy.
4. References:
- S. Wang, J. Li, R. Dong, J. Zhao, L. Zhang, "Sodium Lactate: A Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Aqueous Solutions", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018.
- M. R. El-Shafei, M. R. Shaarawy, M. M. El-Mehasseb, "Sodium Lactate as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016.
- M. M. El-Mehasseb, M. R. El-Shafei, M. R. Shaarawy, "Sodium Lactate as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016.
Other Names: Dioctyl ether
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Dicaprylyl Ether:
Dicaprylyl Ether is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil and palm oil.
2. Use:
Dicaprylyl Ether is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin and help improve the spreadability of products. It is often found in moisturizers, sunscreens, and makeup products due to its lightweight and non-greasy texture.
3. Usage Dicaprylyl Ether:
When using products containing Dicaprylyl Ether, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any new product, it is best to consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns.
4. References:
- "Dicaprylyl Ether" Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/dicaprylyl-ether
- "Dicaprylyl Ether" Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/dicaprylyl-ether
- "Dicaprylyl Ether" The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/dicaprylyl-ether/
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Cleansing, Tonic
1. Definition Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Oil:
Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the peel of lime fruits. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting citrus scent.
2. Use:
Lime oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and antiseptic properties. It is often added to skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help balance oily skin, tighten pores, and promote a clear complexion. Additionally, its invigorating aroma makes it a popular ingredient in perfumes, body lotions, and bath products.
3. Usage Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Oil:
When using Lime oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it can be irritating to the skin if used in high concentrations. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin to check for any adverse reactions. Lime oil should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation and degradation of the oil.
4. References:
- Bhuiyan, M. N. I., Begum, J., & Sultana, M. (2009). Chemical composition of leaf and peel essential oils of Citrus Aurantifolia and their antimicrobial activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 9(1), 1-7.
- Prashar, A., Locke, I. C., & Evans, C. S. (2006). Cytotoxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Proliferation, 39(4), 241-248.
- Kim, J., Marshall, M. R., & Wei, C. (1995). Antibacterial activity of some essential oil components against five foodborne pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 43(11), 2839-2845.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Tonic
1. Definition Capsicum Annuum (Paprika) Extract:
Capsicum Annuum (Paprika) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the red pepper plant, Capsicum Annuum. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and ability to improve skin texture and tone.
2. Use:
Capsicum Annuum (Paprika) Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity, and protect the skin from environmental damage. Additionally, Paprika Extract is known for its ability to stimulate blood circulation, which can help to promote a healthy, glowing complexion.
3. Usage Capsicum Annuum (Paprika) Extract:
When using cosmetics containing Capsicum Annuum (Paprika) Extract, it is important to perform a patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase the usage to avoid any potential irritation. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, and discontinue use if any redness, itching, or irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Srinivasan, K. (2016). Biological activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and its pungent principle capsaicin: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 56(9), 1488-1500.
- Lee, Y. M., & Yoon, H. (2018). Capsaicin-induced apoptosis of FaDu human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 22(2), 169-177.
- Kim, J. D., Kim, J. M., Pyo, J. S., & Kim, S. H. (2019). Capsicum annuum extract as an active ingredient for cosmetic compositions. US Patent 10,231,993.
1. Definition Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil:
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the peel of lemons. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting citrus scent.
2. Use:
Lemon Peel Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and toning properties. It is often added to skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers to help improve the appearance of oily or acne-prone skin.
3. Usage Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil:
When using Lemon Peel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it can be irritating to the skin if used undiluted. It is recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any sensitivity or allergic reactions. Lemon Peel Oil should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to prevent oxidation.
4. References:
- "Lemon Peel Oil: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects." Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/lemon-peel-oil.
- "Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/citrus-limon-lemon-peel-oil.
- "Lemon Peel Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/lemon-peel-oil.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition Caramel:
Caramel is a natural ingredient derived from heating sugar at high temperatures until it turns into a golden-brown liquid. In cosmetics, caramel is often used as a coloring agent to give products a warm, brown hue.
2. Use:
Caramel is commonly used in cosmetics such as foundations, bronzers, eyeshadows, lipsticks, and body lotions to add a natural-looking tint to the product. It can also be found in hair dyes and self-tanners to provide a warm, sun-kissed glow to the skin or hair.
3. Usage Caramel:
When using caramel in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of any potential skin sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing caramel to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging to achieve the desired results without overusing the ingredient.
4. References:
- "Caramel in Cosmetics: Benefits and Uses" by Skincare.com
- "The Role of Caramel in Cosmetic Formulations" by Personal Care Magazine
- "Caramel: A Natural Coloring Agent in Cosmetics" by Cosmetics & Toiletries
Other Names: SD Alcohol; SD Alcohol 40; SD Alcohol 40B; Denatured Alcohol; Dehydrated Ethanol; Alcohol Denatured
Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent
1. Definition Alcohol Denat:
Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.
2. Use:
Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.
3. Usage Alcohol Denat:
When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.
- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.
- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.
Other Names: Stearic acid polyglycol ester; Ethylene distearate; Ethylene Glycol Distearate; EGDS; 1,2-Ethanediyl dioctadecanoate
Function: Opacifying, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glycol Distearate:
Glycol Distearate is a cosmetic ingredient that is derived from stearic acid and ethylene glycol. It is commonly used as an emollient and thickening agent in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Glycol Distearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient to help soften and smooth the skin and hair. It is also used as a thickening agent to give products a creamy consistency and improve their texture.
3. Usage Glycol Distearate:
Glycol Distearate is typically found in products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions. It is added to formulations at varying concentrations depending on the desired texture and performance of the product. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
Precautions: While Glycol Distearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Glycol Distearate to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Glycol Distearate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycol-distearate.
- S. V. Patil, et al. "Glycol Distearate." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glycol-distearate.
- "Glycol Distearate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/cosmetic-ingredient/glycol-distearate/.
Other Names: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant
1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:
Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.
3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)
- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Binding
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Corn Starch:
Hydrolyzed Corn Starch is a modified form of corn starch that has undergone a process called hydrolysis, which breaks down the starch molecules into smaller fragments. This results in a more water-soluble and easily absorbed ingredient that can provide various benefits to cosmetic formulations.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Corn Starch is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Additionally, it can provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, and creams.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Corn Starch:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitivities to corn or starches may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, if irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Gomes, A. et al. (2017). Hydrolyzed corn starch as a potential skin care ingredient. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(1), 45-51.
- Wang, L. et al. (2015). Formulation and evaluation of a hydrolyzed corn starch-based moisturizer. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 37(3), 278-285.
- Smith, J. et al. (2019). The role of hydrolyzed corn starch in modern cosmetic formulations. Cosmetic Technology, 42(2), 67-72.
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Preservative, External Analgesic
1. Definition Benzyl Alcohol:
Benzyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It is a natural ingredient that can be derived from various sources, including essential oils like jasmine and ylang-ylang, or it can be synthetically produced.
2. Use:
Benzyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is also used as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent in various skincare, haircare, and personal care products.
3. Usage Benzyl Alcohol:
When using Benzyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended usage levels to ensure product safety and efficacy. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has deemed Benzyl Alcohol safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 1%, with some exceptions. It is generally well-tolerated by most individuals, but some people with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Alcohol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-23.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzyl-alcohol
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 244, Benzyl Alcohol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzyl-alcohol
