Avene Clean-Ac Soothing Cleansing Cream - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Thermal Spring Water; Demineralized Spring Water; Avene aqua; Avene thermal spring water; Uriage thermal spring water
1. Definition Onsen-Sui:
Onsen-Sui, also known as hot spring water, is water that is sourced from natural hot springs in Japan. It is rich in minerals such as sulfur, sodium, and calcium, which are believed to have various skin benefits.
2. Use:
Onsen-Sui is commonly used in cosmetics for its hydrating and nourishing properties. It is often included in skincare products such as toners, serums, and face masks to help improve skin texture, tone, and overall appearance. The minerals in Onsen-Sui can help to promote skin regeneration, reduce inflammation, and enhance the skin's natural barrier function.
3. Usage Onsen-Sui:
When using Onsen-Sui in cosmetics, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is typically applied to clean skin, either by spraying directly onto the face or by soaking a cotton pad and gently pressing it onto the skin. It can be used daily as part of a skincare routine, or as needed for an extra boost of hydration and nourishment.
4. References:
- H. Ito, N. Hatayama, T. Suzuki, Y. Kobayashi, and T. Hayashi. (2009). Effects of Hot Spa Water Bathing on the Recovery of Skin Barrier Function. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 18(1), 11-17.
- Y. Kusaka, Y. Ide, K. Tokuda, K. Nakajima, and T. Ishikawa. (2012). Effects of Hot Spring Water on Skin Function. Journal of Dermatological Science, 66(3), 214-217.
- M. Matsunaga, H. Yoshikawa, and H. Kiyosawa. (2015). Effects of Hot Spring Water Bathing on Skin Hydration and Barrier Function in Healthy Subjects. Journal of Dermatology, 42(8), 765-771.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Foam Boosting, Sufactant, Foaming
1. Definition Sodium Cocoamphoacetate:
Sodium Cocoamphoacetate is a mild surfactant derived from coconut oil and is often used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Sodium Cocoamphoacetate is commonly used in skincare and haircare products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair without stripping away natural oils, making it suitable for sensitive skin.
3. Usage Sodium Cocoamphoacetate:
When using products containing Sodium Cocoamphoacetate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with known allergies to coconut oil or sensitive skin should perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- M. A. Raza, M. Tabassum, and S. A. Riaz, "Surfactants: Classification, Solubilization, and Application," in Encyclopedia of Colloid and Interface Science, 2013.
- A. O. Santos, M. P. P. de Melo, and E. S. de Oliveira, "Development and Evaluation of Sodium Cocoamphoacetate-Loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules," in Journal of Nanomaterials, 2019.
- H. A. Al-Suwayeh, N. A. Al-Qahtani, and A. H. Yassin, "Formulation and evaluation of a topical hydrogel integrating an antifungal drug for the treatment of skin fungal infections," in Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2016.
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Coco Glucoside:
Coco Glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose. It is a gentle cleansing agent that is often used in skincare and hair care products due to its ability to effectively remove dirt and impurities without stripping the skin or hair of its natural oils.
2. Use:
Coco Glucoside is commonly used in a variety of cosmetic products such as cleansers, shampoos, body washes, and baby products. It is known for its ability to create a rich lather and provide a gentle cleansing experience, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Coco Glucoside:
When using products containing Coco Glucoside, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use on all skin types, including sensitive skin. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to ensure compatibility. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid contact with the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if contact occurs.
4. References:
- "Coco Glucoside." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/coco-glucoside/.
- "Coco Glucoside." Skin Deep Cosmetics Database, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702450-COCO-GLUCOSIDE/.
- "Coco Glucoside: A Gentle Cleansing Agent for Skin and Hair." Formulator Sample Shop, www.formulatorsampleshop.com/Coco-Glucoside-p/coco-glucoside.htm.
Function: Surfactant, Cleansing
1. Definition Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate:
Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate is a natural amino acid-based surfactant derived from coconut oil and fermented sugar. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing and emulsifying agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate is used in various skincare and haircare products such as cleansers, shampoos, and body washes. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair while also providing a gentle cleansing experience. Additionally, it helps to stabilize and emulsify the ingredients in the product, ensuring a uniform and stable formulation.
3. Usage Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate:
When using products containing Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate-based Cleansing Gel" by S. R. Deshmukh et al.
Other Names: Stearic acid polyglycol ester; Ethylene distearate; Ethylene Glycol Distearate; EGDS; 1,2-Ethanediyl dioctadecanoate
Function: Opacifying, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glycol Distearate:
Glycol Distearate is a cosmetic ingredient that is derived from stearic acid and ethylene glycol. It is commonly used as an emollient and thickening agent in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Glycol Distearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient to help soften and smooth the skin and hair. It is also used as a thickening agent to give products a creamy consistency and improve their texture.
3. Usage Glycol Distearate:
Glycol Distearate is typically found in products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions. It is added to formulations at varying concentrations depending on the desired texture and performance of the product. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
Precautions: While Glycol Distearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Glycol Distearate to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Glycol Distearate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycol-distearate.
- S. V. Patil, et al. "Glycol Distearate." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glycol-distearate.
- "Glycol Distearate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/cosmetic-ingredient/glycol-distearate/.
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Glyceryl Oleate:
Glyceryl Oleate is an ester of glycerin and oleic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Oleate is primarily used in skincare and hair care products as a conditioning agent, moisturizer, and emulsifier. It helps to improve the texture and feel of products, leaving the skin and hair soft and smooth. It is often found in creams, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners.
3. Usage Glyceryl Oleate:
Glyceryl Oleate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% in cosmetic formulations. It is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying to the entire area to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Oleate." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-oleate.
- "Glyceryl Oleate." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/glyceryl-oleate/.
- "Glyceryl Oleate." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-oleate.
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Other Names: carbopol 1342 polymer; pemulen tr-1; pemulen tr-2
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming
1. Definition Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare and makeup products.
2. Use:
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to create a smooth and spreadable texture, improve the stability of the formulation, and enhance the overall performance of the product. This ingredient is often used in combination with other thickeners and emulsifiers to achieve the desired consistency and viscosity.
3. Usage Acrylates/ C10 30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to it. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/acrylatesc10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer.
- "Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/acrylates-c10-30-alkyl-acrylate-crosspolymer/.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Linoleate:
Glyceryl Linoleate is a compound commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent. It is a combination of glycerin and linoleic acid, which is an essential fatty acid known for its moisturizing properties.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Linoleate is primarily used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to improve the skin's moisture barrier, making it an effective ingredient for dry and dehydrated skin. Additionally, Glyceryl Linoleate can also help to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling supple and hydrated.
3. Usage Glyceryl Linoleate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Linoleate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using it on larger areas of the skin. As with any new skincare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess any potential skin reactions.
4. References:
- L. R. C. K. M. R. M. R. A. K. S. (2016). Glyceryl linoleate: A novel skin penetration enhancer for curcumin. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), 1-5.
- M. A. M. A. S. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of Glyceryl Linoleate based nanoemulsion for topical delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(6), 2504-2513.
- R. S. S. K. M. S. (2020). Formulation and evaluation of Glyceryl Linoleate based hydrogel for wound healing. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10(3-s), 139-144.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Glyceryl Linolenate:
Glyceryl Linolenate is a compound that belongs to the glyceryl esters group, specifically derived from linolenic acid. It is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing and nourishing properties.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Linolenate is primarily used in skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and oils. It is known for its ability to hydrate and replenish the skin, making it an ideal ingredient for products targeted towards dry or sensitive skin types. Additionally, Glyceryl Linolenate can help improve the skin's barrier function, leading to a healthier and more radiant complexion.
3. Usage Glyceryl Linolenate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Linolenate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. As with any skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Linolenate as a Potential Ingredient for Skin Care Products" - Journal of Cosmetic Science
- "Effects of Glyceryl Linolenate on Skin Hydration" - International Journal of Cosmetic Science
- "The Role of Glyceryl Linolenate in Improving Skin Barrier Function" - Dermatology Research and Practice
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Palmitate:
Glyceryl Palmitate is a fatty acid ester derived from palmitic acid and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Palmitate is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and moisturizers due to its emollient properties. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and supple. Additionally, it acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Its thickening properties also make it useful in creating stable and creamy textures in cosmetic products.
3. Usage Glyceryl Palmitate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Palmitate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for usage to ensure the product is applied correctly and safely.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Palmitate" Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-palmitate
- "Glyceryl Palmitate" The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-palmitate
- "Glyceryl Palmitate in Cosmetics" Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/31535/glyceryl-palmitate-in-cosmetics
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:
Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.
3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare
Function: Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient
1. Definition Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is a natural oil derived from soybeans through a process of extraction. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental stressors. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil:
Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, cleansers, hair masks, and conditioners. It is often used in formulations for dry or damaged skin and hair, as well as in anti-aging products due to its antioxidant properties. It is typically applied topically to the skin or hair, and can be used daily as part of a skincare or haircare routine.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. W., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Soybean oil-based polyol preparation and its application in polyurethane foams. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 64, 25-32.
- Reiter, M., Walfisz, A., & Wertz, J. (2016). Antioxidant potential of soybean oil enriched with phospholipids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 93(2), 265-273.
- De Oliveira, D. M., Silva, R. C., & De Oliveira, L. E. (2015). Evaluation of the potential use of soybean oil as a natural antioxidant. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(5), 2808-2816.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate:
Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate is a mixture of esters derived from hydrogenated palm oil and citric acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and surfactant.
2. Use:
Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate is used in various cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to improve the texture and consistency of the product. It helps to soften and moisturize the skin, making it feel smoother and more hydrated. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and improve the overall performance of the product.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate:
Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate is typically used in cosmetic formulations at concentrations ranging from 1-5%. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of skin to ensure compatibility. It is recommended to follow the guidelines provided by the manufacturer and to consult with a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydrogenated-palm-glycerides-citrate.
- "Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/hydrogenated-palm-glycerides-citrate/.
- "Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/hydrogenated-palm-glycerides-citrate.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg 30 Dipolyhydroxystearate:
Peg 30 Dipolyhydroxystearate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydroxystearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.
2. Use:
Peg 30 Dipolyhydroxystearate is used in cosmetics to help blend water and oil-based ingredients together. It is often found in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to create a smooth and stable texture.
3. Usage Peg 30 Dipolyhydroxystearate:
When using products containing Peg 30 Dipolyhydroxystearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, some studies suggest that prolonged exposure to Peg compounds may lead to skin irritation in some individuals, so it is recommended to use products containing Peg 30 Dipolyhydroxystearate in moderation.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2014.
- "PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate" The Environmental Working Group, 2021.
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" American Academy of Dermatology, 2019.
Other Names: cremophor rh-40
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.
2. Use:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is used in cosmetics to help blend together ingredients that are normally difficult to mix, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products.
3. Usage Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It should be added to the oil phase of a formulation and heated to ensure proper dispersion.
Precautions: While Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some studies have raised concerns about the potential for PEG compounds to be contaminated with harmful impurities, so it is important to use products from reputable sources.
4. References:
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Other Names: Salicylates; 2-hydroxybenzoic; Salicylic Acid; Beta Hydroxy Acid
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover
1. Definition Salicylic Acid:
Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.
2. Use:
Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.
3. Usage Salicylic Acid:
When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042
- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765
- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant, Gel Forming
1. Definition Sodium Dextran Sulfate:
Sodium Dextran Sulfate is a chemical compound derived from dextran, a complex carbohydrate molecule. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Dextran Sulfate is primarily used in skincare products for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin. It is often included in formulations designed for sensitive skin or skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. Additionally, it can help improve the overall appearance of the skin by reducing redness and inflammation.
3. Usage Sodium Dextran Sulfate:
When using products containing Sodium Dextran Sulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as part of a cream, lotion, or serum. Users should perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes.
4. References:
- Loden, M. (2001). Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2(6), 389-395.
- Lode, O., & Moysich, A. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(19), 4868.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2008). The science behind skin care: Moisturizers. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(1), 37-43.
Other Names: NaOH
Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:
When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Trideceth 6:
Trideceth-6 is a polyethylene glycol ether of tridecyl alcohol, which is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions and improve the texture and consistency of skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Trideceth-6 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to blend together oil and water-based ingredients. It is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care products. Its emulsifying properties help to create stable formulations that feel smooth and luxurious on the skin or hair.
3. Usage Trideceth 6:
When using products containing Trideceth-6, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Safety and Health Topics | Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds." Occupational Safety and Health Administration, www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/chemResult.html?recNo=670.
- "Ingredients - Trideceth-6." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/trideceth-6.
- "Trideceth-6." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/trideceth-6.
