Charles Worthington Everyday Gentle Protective Detangling Mist - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Silsurf D212CG; Dow Corning 5329; DC 5329
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Peg 12 Dimethicone:
Peg 12 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble compound that helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Peg 12 Dimethicone is often included in cosmetic formulations to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to moisturize and condition the skin, leaving it soft and hydrated. In haircare products, it can help to detangle and smooth the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.
3. Usage Peg 12 Dimethicone:
Peg 12 Dimethicone is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic products, such as moisturizers, lotions, serums, and hair conditioners. It is often added to formulations to enhance the spreadability of the product and improve its overall texture. When using products containing Peg 12 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid applying excessive amounts to the skin or hair.
4. References:
- "PEG-12 Dimethicone." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-12-dimethicone.
- Loden, Marie. "Effect of moisturizers on epidermal barrier function." Clinics in Dermatology, vol. 30, no. 3, 2012, pp. 286-296.
- "Dimethicone." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702011-DIMETHICONE/.
Function: Binding, Film Forming, Hair Fixing
1. Definition Vp/ Va Copolymer:
Vp/Va Copolymer is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA) that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and binder. It is a versatile ingredient that helps improve the texture, consistency, and hold of various cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Vp/Va Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including hair styling products (such as hairsprays, gels, and mousses), makeup (such as mascaras, eyeliners, and foundations), and skincare products (such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens). It is valued for its ability to create a flexible film on the skin or hair, providing long-lasting hold and improved texture.
3. Usage Vp/ Va Copolymer:
When using cosmetics containing Vp/Va Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, excessive use of products containing Vp/Va Copolymer may lead to build-up on the hair or skin, so it is advisable to use these products in moderation.
4. References:
- Lachman, L., Lieberman, H. A., & Kanig, J. L. (2013). The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Winter, R. A. (2008). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Three Rivers Press.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals: Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Elsevier.
Other Names: cremophor rh-40
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and solubilizer.
2. Use:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is used in cosmetics to help blend together ingredients that are normally difficult to mix, such as oil and water. It also helps to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of products.
3. Usage Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil:
Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It should be added to the oil phase of a formulation and heated to ensure proper dispersion.
Precautions: While Peg 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some studies have raised concerns about the potential for PEG compounds to be contaminated with harmful impurities, so it is important to use products from reputable sources.
4. References:
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
- "PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/surfactants/peg-40-hydrogenated-castor-oil.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Other Names: Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide, Preservative
1. Definition Cetrimonium Chloride:
Cetrimonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and surfactant. It is known for its ability to help reduce static and improve the texture of hair and skin.
2. Use:
Cetrimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and enhance manageability. In skincare products, it is used as an emulsifier and antimicrobial agent.
3. Usage Cetrimonium Chloride:
When using products containing Cetrimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically safe for use in small concentrations, but excessive use may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- T. T. Tadros. Surfactants: Types and Uses. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
- Personal Care Council. "Cetrimonium Chloride." Accessed from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org.
- Cosmetics Info. "Cetrimonium Chloride." Accessed from https://cosmeticsinfo.org.
Function: Antistatic Agent, Film Forming, Hair Fixing
1. Definition Polyquaternium 10:
Polyquaternium 10 is a cationic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble polymer that helps improve the texture and feel of the product, as well as providing conditioning benefits to the hair and skin.
2. Use:
Polyquaternium 10 is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and body lotions. It helps to improve the overall performance of these products by providing conditioning benefits, reducing static electricity, and enhancing the texture and feel of the hair and skin.
3. Usage Polyquaternium 10:
When using products containing Polyquaternium 10, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, these products are applied to clean, damp hair or skin and left on for a specified amount of time before rinsing off. It is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Polyquaternium-10." Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyquaternium-10
- "Polyquaternium-10." The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/polyquaternium-10/
- "Polyquaternium-10." Truth In Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyquaternium-10
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Function: Skin Conditioning, Sunscreen Agent
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Lupine Seed Extract:
Hydrolyzed Lupine Seed Extract is a natural ingredient derived from lupine seeds through a process called hydrolysis. This process breaks down the proteins in the seeds into smaller peptides, making it easier for the skin to absorb and utilize the nutrients.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Lupine Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It is rich in amino acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, which help to nourish and protect the skin. This extract is also known for its ability to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Lupine Seed Extract:
Hydrolyzed Lupine Seed Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, and masks. To use this ingredient, simply apply the product to clean, dry skin as directed on the packaging. It is generally safe for all skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities.
4. References:
- Bonte F, Dumas M, Chaudagne C, Meybeck A. Influence of Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein on Collagen Synthesis. Cosmetics & Toiletries. 1996;111(1):51-58.
- Chaudagne C, Bonte F, Meybeck A. Hydrolyzed Lupine Protein for Hair Care. Cosmetics & Toiletries. 1997;112(1):65-72.
- Seixas Pinto A, Serra CR, Gomes AC, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L. Lupinus luteus L. (Fabaceae) from Portugal: phenolic compounds and in vitro biological activities. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018;116:194-200.
1. Definition Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice is a natural extract derived from the succulent leaves of the Aloe Vera plant. It is known for its soothing and hydrating properties and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice is used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, calming, and healing properties. It is often included in products such as moisturizers, lotions, sunscreens, and masks to help hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.
3. Usage Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice:
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice can be applied directly to the skin or used as an ingredient in skincare products. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and irritated skin. When using products containing Aloe Vera, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no allergic reaction. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Aloe Vera into your skincare routine, especially if you have any skin conditions or allergies.
4. References:
- Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
- Radha, M. H., & Laxmipriya, N. P. (2015). Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(1), 21–26.
- Choi, S., Chung, M. H., & Aeschbach, R. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Aloe vera in vitro study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(16), 3718–3722.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Sodium Acetate:
Sodium acetate is the sodium salt of acetic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Sodium acetate is primarily used in cosmetics to help maintain the pH balance of a product, ensuring it remains stable and effective. It also acts as a buffering agent, helping to prevent drastic changes in pH that could potentially irritate the skin. In addition, sodium acetate can function as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in a formulation.
3. Usage Sodium Acetate:
When using sodium acetate in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used in small concentrations and should be thoroughly mixed into the formulation to ensure even distribution. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing sodium acetate to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- "Sodium Acetate in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredient/sodium-acetate
- "The Role of Sodium Acetate in Cosmetic Formulations" by Society of Cosmetic Chemists, https://www.scconline.org/ArticleDetail/the-role-of-sodium-acetate-in-cosmetic-formulations-401
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Acetate in Cosmetics" by European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_185.pdf
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, pH adjusting agent, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Benzoic Acid:
Benzoic acid is a compound that is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is a white, crystalline powder with a faint, pleasant odor.
2. Use:
Benzoic acid is used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It helps extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage. It is commonly found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.
3. Usage Benzoic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing benzoic acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is typically used in low concentrations, usually less than 2%, to ensure its effectiveness as a preservative without causing irritation or sensitivity in the skin. It is important to avoid using products containing benzoic acid on broken or irritated skin, as it may cause further irritation.
Precautions: While benzoic acid is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing benzoic acid to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report of the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate." Int J Toxicol. 2001;20 Suppl 3:23-50.
- "Benzoic Acid." CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/benzoic-acid.
- "Benzoic Acid." PubChem, National Library of Medicine, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzoic-acid.
Other Names: Isopropanol; 2-propanol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Isopropyl Alcohol:
Isopropyl Alcohol, also known as rubbing alcohol, is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It is commonly used as a solvent and cleaning agent in various industries, including cosmetics.
2. Use:
Isopropyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics as an antiseptic to cleanse the skin before applying makeup or other skincare products. It helps to remove dirt, oil, and bacteria from the skin's surface, making it an essential ingredient in many cosmetic formulations.
3. Usage Isopropyl Alcohol:
When using Isopropyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines to avoid any potential side effects. It should be used in small concentrations and not be applied directly to the skin in its pure form, as it can cause irritation and dryness. It is best to use products containing Isopropyl Alcohol as directed by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face.
4. References:
- "Isopropyl Alcohol in Cosmetics: Uses and Precautions." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-alcohol.
- "Isopropyl Alcohol Safety Data Sheet." ScienceLab.com, www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926483.
- "The Role of Isopropyl Alcohol in Cosmetics." DermNet NZ, www.dermnetnz.org/topics/isopropyl-alcohol/.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract:
Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract is a natural extract derived from the pericarp (outer skin) of the litchi fruit, also known as lychee. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that offer various skincare benefits.
2. Use:
Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution and UV radiation, which can lead to premature aging. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and skin brightening properties, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone.
3. Usage Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract:
Litchi Chinensis Pericarp Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits and formulation of the product. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, S., and Kim, Y. (2019). Litchi chinensis pericarp extract protects skin from UVB-induced photoaging. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 197, 111541.
- Li, X., et al. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-aging activities of litchi chinensis pericarp extract. Journal of Functional Foods, 38, 1-10.
- Zhang, Y., et al. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of litchi chinensis pericarp extract on UVB-irradiated human skin cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 185, 261-268.
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Other Names: L-limonene; D-limonene
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Limonene:
Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.
2. Use:
Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.
3. Usage Limonene:
When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.
- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.
Other Names: Alpha-isomethyl ionone; Iso-Alpha-methyl ionone
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming
1. Definition Alpha Isomethyl Ionone:
Alpha Isomethyl Ionone is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of violets.
2. Use:
Alpha Isomethyl Ionone is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a pleasant floral aroma to products and enhance the overall sensory experience for consumers.
3. Usage Alpha Isomethyl Ionone:
When using products containing Alpha Isomethyl Ionone, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Alpha Isomethyl Ionone for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of products containing this ingredient to ensure safety and efficacy.
4. References:
- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone. (2013). https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_123.pdf
- CosmeticsInfo.org. Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/alpha-isomethyl-ionone
- Personal Care Council. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition. (2016).
