CHI Infra Keratin Mist Leave-in Strengthening Treatment - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Silsurf D212CG; Dow Corning 5329; DC 5329
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Peg 12 Dimethicone:
Peg 12 Dimethicone is a type of silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble compound that helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Peg 12 Dimethicone is often included in cosmetic formulations to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair. It helps to moisturize and condition the skin, leaving it soft and hydrated. In haircare products, it can help to detangle and smooth the hair, reducing frizz and improving manageability.
3. Usage Peg 12 Dimethicone:
Peg 12 Dimethicone is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic products, such as moisturizers, lotions, serums, and hair conditioners. It is often added to formulations to enhance the spreadability of the product and improve its overall texture. When using products containing Peg 12 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid applying excessive amounts to the skin or hair.
4. References:
- "PEG-12 Dimethicone." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/peg-12-dimethicone.
- Loden, Marie. "Effect of moisturizers on epidermal barrier function." Clinics in Dermatology, vol. 30, no. 3, 2012, pp. 286-296.
- "Dimethicone." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702011-DIMETHICONE/.
Function: Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Quaternium 80:
Quaternium-80 is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emulsifier. It is also known by its INCI name, Behentrimonium Chloride.
2. Use:
Quaternium-80 is primarily used in hair care products such as conditioners, shampoos, and hair masks. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and improve manageability. Additionally, it provides a smooth and silky feel to the hair, making it easier to style.
3. Usage Quaternium 80:
When using cosmetics containing Quaternium-80, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging. Avoid applying the product directly to the scalp and focus on the mid-lengths to ends of the hair. Rinse thoroughly after use to prevent any product buildup.
Precautions: While Quaternium-80 is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Quaternium-80, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Sivakumar, P., & Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2019). Handbook of Detergents, Part E: Applications. CRC Press.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of Behentrimonium Methosulfate and Behentrimonium Chloride. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 3), 1-10.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2021). Quaternium-80. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/quaternium-80
Other Names: POE (20) Sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20; Atmer 110; PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate; Alkest TW 20
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Polysorbate 20:
Polysorbate 20 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from sorbitol and lauric acid and is known for its emulsifying and solubilizing properties.
2. Use:
Polysorbate 20 is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetics to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It is often found in products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup removers to create a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can also act as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve ingredients that are not easily soluble in water.
3. Usage Polysorbate 20:
When using products containing polysorbate 20, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with polysorbate 20 to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure safe and effective use.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Polysorbate 20. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polysorbate-20
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Polysorbate 20. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-dictionary/ingredient/2477
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2009). Polysorbate 20. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polysorbate-20
Other Names: Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide, Preservative
1. Definition Cetrimonium Chloride:
Cetrimonium Chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and surfactant. It is known for its ability to help reduce static and improve the texture of hair and skin.
2. Use:
Cetrimonium Chloride is primarily used in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It helps to detangle hair, reduce frizz, and enhance manageability. In skincare products, it is used as an emulsifier and antimicrobial agent.
3. Usage Cetrimonium Chloride:
When using products containing Cetrimonium Chloride, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. It is typically safe for use in small concentrations, but excessive use may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- T. T. Tadros. Surfactants: Types and Uses. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
- Personal Care Council. "Cetrimonium Chloride." Accessed from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org.
- Cosmetics Info. "Cetrimonium Chloride." Accessed from https://cosmeticsinfo.org.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning, Film Forming, Nail Agents
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Keratin:
Hydrolyzed Keratin is a protein derived from keratin, the main structural component of hair, skin, and nails. It is obtained by breaking down the complex keratin protein into smaller molecules through a process called hydrolysis.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Keratin is commonly used in cosmetics and hair care products for its ability to strengthen and repair damaged hair. It helps improve the elasticity, texture, and overall appearance of hair by replenishing the natural keratin protein that may be lost due to chemical treatments or environmental factors.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Keratin:
Hydrolyzed Keratin is typically found in shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, and styling products. It is often listed as an ingredient in products targeted towards repairing and restoring damaged hair. To use products containing Hydrolyzed Keratin, simply apply them as directed on the packaging, focusing on the lengths and ends of the hair. Allow the product to sit for a few minutes before rinsing thoroughly.
4. References:
- Lanzel, E. A., & King, N. (2013). Hydrolyzed keratin. In Skin Aging Handbook (pp. 113-123). William Andrew.
- Sivan, A., & Zohar, Y. (2017). Keratin hydrolysate in hair care products. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(1), 63-71.
- Gavazzoni Dias, M. F. R. (2015). Hair cosmetics: an overview. International Journal of Trichology, 7(1), 2-15.
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Other Names: Hydrolyzed silk; Silk Protein; Silk Peptide
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Silk:
Hydrolyzed Silk is a water-soluble protein derived from silk fibers that have been broken down into smaller peptides through a process called hydrolysis. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, conditioning, and smoothing properties.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Silk is often included in skincare and haircare products for its ability to improve the texture and appearance of the skin and hair. It is known for its lightweight and non-greasy feel, making it suitable for a wide range of formulations. In skincare products, it helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. In haircare products, it can help to strengthen and repair damaged hair, as well as improve shine and manageability.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Silk:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Silk, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there is no adverse reaction. As with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin or hair responds.
4. References:
- Y. Liu, X. Zhang, X. Zhou, H. Liu, Y. Li, J. Zhang, J. Huang, "Preparation and characterization of hydrolyzed silk fibroin used as a substrate for retinal pigment epithelial cell culture," Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, vol. 31, no. 16, pp. 2034-2047, 2020.
- M. M. El-Sherbiny, M. Y. El-Maghraby, A. A. El-Kamel, "Hydrolyzed silk fibroin as a substrate for in vitro culture of corneal epithelial cells," Journal of Biomaterials Applications, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1088-1101, 2020.
- H. M. Kim, J. H. Park, "Hydrolyzed silk fibroin as a biomaterial for tissue engineering," Biomaterials Research, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2020.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Symphytum Officinale Leaf Extract:
Symphytum Officinale Leaf Extract, also known as comfrey leaf extract, is derived from the leaves of the comfrey plant. It is a natural ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties.
2. Use:
Symphytum Officinale Leaf Extract is known for its anti-inflammatory and skin-repairing benefits. It is often used in skincare products to help calm and soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote healing of minor wounds and burns. Additionally, it is believed to have moisturizing properties that can help hydrate the skin and improve its overall appearance.
3. Usage Symphytum Officinale Leaf Extract:
Symphytum Officinale Leaf Extract is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and ointments designed for sensitive or damaged skin. It is recommended to patch test products containing this ingredient before applying them to larger areas of the skin to ensure there are no adverse reactions. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is important to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional before incorporating Symphytum Officinale Leaf Extract into your routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Dragland S, Senoo H, Wake K, Holte K, Blomhoff R. Several culinary and medicinal herbs are important sources of dietary antioxidants. J Nutr. 2003;133(5):1286-1290.
- Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, editors. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000.
- Lin LT, Liu LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC. In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytother Res. 2002;16(5):440-444.
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract:
Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract, also known as chamomile extract, is derived from the flowers of the chamomile plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract is often used in skincare products for its calming effects on the skin. It is known to help reduce redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or reactive skin types. Additionally, chamomile extract is believed to have antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract:
Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a potent ingredient that can cause sensitivity in some individuals. It is important to patch test products containing chamomile extract before applying them to the entire face, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with chamomile extract into your skincare routine.
4. References:
- Srivastava, J. K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(6), 895-901.
- Reuter, J., Huyke, C., Casetti, F., Theek, C., Frank, U., Augustin, M., & Schempp, C. (2008). Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. Journal of Dermal Science, 51(2), 90-96.
- Sharifi-Rad, J., Mnayer, D., Roointan, A., Shahri, F., Ayatollahi, S. A., Sharifi-Rad, M., ... & Iriti, M. (2017). Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of chamomile extracts. Industrial Crops and Products, 95, 403-412.
Other Names: Mentha Piperita Leaf Extract; Peppermint Leaf Extract
Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Tonic, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive, Refreshing
1. Definition Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract:
Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract is derived from the leaves of the peppermint plant and is known for its cooling and soothing properties. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its refreshing scent and potential benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Peppermint leaf extract is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It can help to calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and provide a refreshing sensation when applied topically. Additionally, peppermint leaf extract is believed to have astringent properties that can help to tighten pores and improve the overall appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract:
When using products containing peppermint leaf extract, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is recommended to avoid using products with high concentrations of peppermint leaf extract on sensitive areas of the skin, such as around the eyes, as it may cause irritation. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating peppermint leaf extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- M. Silva, A. Silva, M. Brandão, R. Lopes, A. Silva, J. C. Sousa Lobo, and P. P. Oliveira, "Mentha piperita leaf extract as a natural preservative in cosmetic emulsions," Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 123, pp. 41-49, 2018.
- A. A. Zaman, M. A. Hossain, and M. N. Islam, "Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint) leaf extract," American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 5, no. 21, pp. 3193-3201, 2014.
- R. K. Singh, A. R. Kumar, and A. K. Pandey, "Evaluation of Mentha piperita L. leaf extract for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antimicrobial activities," International Journal of Green Pharmacy, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-107, 2014.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Occlusive
1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Extract:
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the Lavandula angustifolia plant. It is known for its calming and soothing properties, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
2. Use:
Lavender extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It can help to reduce redness and irritation, promote healing, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. Lavender extract is often included in products such as serums, creams, lotions, and masks.
3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Extract:
When using products containing Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there is no adverse reaction. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive skin may want to use caution as lavender can sometimes cause irritation. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging for best results.
4. References:
- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
- Cavanagh, H. M. A., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.
1. Definition Salvia Sclarea (Clary) Extract:
Salvia Sclarea (Clary) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the clary sage plant. It is known for its soothing and calming properties, making it a popular choice in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Salvia Sclarea (Clary) Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is often included in formulations for its ability to help reduce redness and irritation, as well as to promote overall skin health.
3. Usage Salvia Sclarea (Clary) Extract:
Salvia Sclarea (Clary) Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be safely incorporated into daily skincare routines. However, as with any new ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before widespread use to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Al-Snafi AE. The pharmacological importance of Salvia sclarea L. (Clary sage) - A review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Research. 2018;11(6):35-40.
- Mucciarelli M, Camusso W, Maffei M. Essential oil production by in vitro cultures of Salvia sclarea. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 1999;14(6):397-400.
- Cavanagh H, Wilkinson JM. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research. 2002;16(4):301-308.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Antimicrobial
1. Definition Benzyl Benzoate:
Benzyl Benzoate is a synthetic compound derived from benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, solvent, and preservative.
2. Use:
Benzyl Benzoate is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, balsamic scent. It is often found in perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products to enhance the overall scent profile. Additionally, it can act as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in a formulation and as a preservative to extend the shelf life of the product.
3. Usage Benzyl Benzoate:
When using Benzyl Benzoate in cosmetics, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities and allergies. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying products containing Benzyl Benzoate to the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. In high concentrations, Benzyl Benzoate may cause irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advised to use products containing this ingredient in moderation.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Benzyl Benzoate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylbenzoate.pdf
- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.simple
- "Benzyl Benzoate" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Retrieved from https://www.cas.org/health-and-safety-data/details?Id=120-51-4
Other Names: 2-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)propionaldehyde; Lilial
Function: Perfuming
1. Definition Butylphenyl Methylpropional:
Butylphenyl Methylpropional, also known as Lilial, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of lily of the valley.
2. Use:
Butylphenyl Methylpropional is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a fresh and floral scent to products, enhancing their overall sensory appeal.
3. Usage Butylphenyl Methylpropional:
When using products containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Butylphenyl Methylpropional, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies.
4. References:
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2018). Opinion on Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/default/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_232.pdf
- Cosmetics Info. (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylphenyl-methylpropional
- Environmental Working Group (EWG). (n.d.). Butylphenyl Methylpropional. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702319-BUTYLPHENYL_METHYLPROPIONAL/
Other Names: Hydroxy-isohexyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; Hydroxymethylpentylcyclohexenecarboxaldehyde
Function: Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde:
Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, also known as Lyral, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent and is often used to add a fresh and clean aroma to various products.
2. Use:
Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall fragrance profile of a product.
3. Usage Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde:
When using products containing Hydroxyisohexyl 3 Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this fragrance compound. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. European Commission, 2018.
- CosmeticsInfo.org. Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hydroxyisohexyl-3-cyclohexene-carboxaldehyde
- Personal Care Council. Safety Assessment of Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde. Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2013.
Other Names: Hexylcinnamaldehyde; Hexyl cinnamaldehyde; (2E)-2-benzylideneoctanal
Function: Masking, Fragrance
1. Definition Hexyl Cinnamal:
Hexyl Cinnamal, also known as hexyl cinnamaldehyde or hexylcinnamal, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a sweet, floral scent reminiscent of jasmine.
2. Use:
Hexyl Cinnamal is used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetics, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is prized for its long-lasting scent and ability to enhance the overall fragrance profile of a product. Hexyl Cinnamal is often used in combination with other floral or fruity notes to create complex and appealing scents.
3. Usage Hexyl Cinnamal:
Hexyl Cinnamal is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used at low concentrations. However, it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Hexyl Cinnamal to ensure that no adverse reactions occur. Additionally, pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before using products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- "Hexyl Cinnamal" in Cosmeticsinfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/hexyl-cinnamal
- "Safety Assessment of Hexyl Cinnamal" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1091581818780985
- "Hexyl Cinnamal" in the European Commission's CosIng Database, https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=30132
Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.
2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.
4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Other Names: Aluminium oxide; Corundum
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Alumina:
Alumina, also known as aluminum oxide, is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its abrasive and absorbent properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often found in skincare products such as exfoliants, masks, and powders.
2. Use:
Alumina is primarily used in cosmetics as an exfoliating agent to help remove dead skin cells and impurities from the skin's surface. It can help to unclog pores, improve skin texture, and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion. Alumina is also used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and opacifying agent to help improve the texture and performance of various products.
3. Usage Alumina:
When using cosmetics containing alumina, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Alumina can be abrasive, so it is recommended to use products containing alumina in moderation and to avoid using them on sensitive or irritated skin. It is also important to rinse off products containing alumina thoroughly to prevent any residue from remaining on the skin.
4. References:
- "Aluminum Oxide." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-oxide.
- "Aluminum Oxide." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/aluminum-oxide.
- "Alumina." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/alumina.
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
Other Names: Food yellow 4; CI 19140; Tartrazine; FD&C Yellow #5; Yellow 5
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition CI 19140:
CI 19140, also known as Acid Yellow 23 or Tartrazine, is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics to impart a yellow color. It is water-soluble and belongs to the class of azo dyes.
2. Use:
CI 19140 is primarily used in cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes to provide a bright yellow hue. It can also be found in hair dyes, soaps, and skincare products.
3. Usage CI 19140:
When using products containing CI 19140, it is important to be aware of any potential allergic reactions. Some individuals may be sensitive to synthetic dyes like CI 19140 and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions upon contact. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this dye, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Tartrazine. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tartrazine
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Color Additives Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/color-additives-fact-sheet/
- FDA. (2018). Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/color-additives-permitted-use-cosmetics
Other Names: FD&C Red No.40; CI16035; CI 16035; Allura Red AC; Food Red 17; Red 40 Lake
Function: Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition CI 16035:
CI 16035, also known as Red 40, is a synthetic colorant commonly used in cosmetics to impart a red hue to various products. It is a water-soluble dye that is approved for use in cosmetics by regulatory authorities in many countries.
2. Use:
CI 16035 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lipsticks, blushes, eyeshadows, and hair dyes. It provides a vibrant red color that is highly stable and resistant to fading, making it a popular choice for formulators looking to achieve a bold and long-lasting look.
3. Usage CI 16035:
When using cosmetics containing CI 16035, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and removal. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but some individuals may experience sensitivity or allergic reactions to the dye. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing CI 16035 to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/color-additives-permitted-use-cosmetics
- European Commission. (2009). Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32012R0231
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2017). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Red 40. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Red%2040.pdf
