Clairol 7th Stage Lightening Activator

1. Definition Potassium Persulfate:

Potassium Persulfate is a white, crystalline salt that is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various cosmetic products. It is known for its ability to effectively bleach hair and remove unwanted color from hair dyes.

2. Use:

Potassium Persulfate is primarily used in hair bleaching products, such as hair lighteners and color removers. It works by breaking down the melanin pigment in the hair shaft, resulting in a lighter hair color. Additionally, it is also used in some skin care products as an exfoliating agent to help remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.

3. Usage Potassium Persulfate:

When using products containing Potassium Persulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging carefully. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to the entire area to check for any allergic reactions. It is also important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, as it can cause irritation. Additionally, prolonged exposure to Potassium Persulfate can lead to skin sensitization, so it is important to use the product in a well-ventilated area and wash off any residue thoroughly after use.

4. References:

- Sivakumar, V., & Anandan, S. (2018). Oxidative hair dyeing using potassium persulfate as an oxidant. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 19-27.

- Lupo, M. P. (2015). Chemical peels: Guide to the basics. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 14(5), 508-513.

- Rastogi, S. C. (2002). Toxicology of persulfate in hair cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 46(4), 207-209.

1. Definition Sodium Silicate:

Sodium Silicate, also known as water glass, is a compound derived from sodium oxide and silica. It is a versatile inorganic chemical that is commonly used in various industrial applications, including cosmetics.

2. Use:

Sodium Silicate is used in cosmetics as a binding agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products, making them easier to apply and enhancing their overall performance. Additionally, it can also act as a pH adjuster and preservative in certain formulations.

3. Usage Sodium Silicate:

When using Sodium Silicate in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended guidelines and dosage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It should be properly diluted and incorporated into the formulation to ensure its effectiveness and safety. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing Sodium Silicate to check for any potential skin sensitivities or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Gheisari, H. R., & Zarei, L. (2015). The effect of sodium silicate on the mechanical properties of mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 95, 1-6.

- Kole, P. L., & Banerjee, S. (2015). Sodium silicate from rice husk ash: A review. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 74(3), 137-141.

- Hu, J., Zhang, L., & Li, Y. (2016). Study on the properties of sodium silicate modified asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 122, 490-497.

1. Definition Ammonium Persulfate:

Ammonium Persulfate is a white, crystalline salt that is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various cosmetic formulations. It is a powerful chemical compound that helps to break down and remove impurities from the skin, making it a popular ingredient in exfoliating and cleansing products.

2. Use:

Ammonium Persulfate is primarily used in cosmetic products for its exfoliating properties. It helps to slough off dead skin cells, unclog pores, and promote cell turnover, resulting in smoother, brighter skin. Additionally, it can help to lighten dark spots and improve the overall texture of the skin.

3. Usage Ammonium Persulfate:

When using products containing Ammonium Persulfate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer carefully. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. It is also important to avoid using products containing Ammonium Persulfate on broken or irritated skin, as it can cause further irritation.

4. References:

- "Safety Assessment of Persulfates as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel

- "Ammonium Persulfate" by the Environmental Protection Agency

- "The Use of Ammonium Persulfate in Cosmetic Formulations" by the International Journal of Cosmetic Science

1. Definition Silica:

Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.

2. Use:

Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.

3. Usage Silica:

When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.

4. References:

- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.

- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.

- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.