Dermalogica Redness Relief SPF 20 - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Other Names: 1-hexadecanol; Palmityl Alcohol; Hexadecyl Alcohol; Palmitoryl Alcohol; C16 Alcohol; Cetyl Alcohol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant
1. Definition Cetyl Alcohol:
Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from natural sources such as coconut or palm oil. It is a waxy substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Cetyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics to provide a smooth and creamy texture to lotions, creams, and other skincare products. It helps to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and body lotions. Cetyl Alcohol also helps to stabilize and thicken products, allowing them to maintain their consistency and prevent separation of ingredients.
3. Usage Cetyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Cetyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. While Cetyl Alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Cetyl Alcohol, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective application of the product.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-alcohol)
- "Safety Assessment of Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, and Behenyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/final_report_alcohols.pdf)
- "Cetyl Alcohol" by Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary (https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/cetyl-alcohol.html)
Other Names: NaOH
Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:
When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide
Other Names: Octyl Palmitate; Hexadecanoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient, Fragrance
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Palmitate:
Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a synthetic ester derived from palm oil and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a light, non-greasy texture.
2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, making it smooth and easy to apply. It also has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and moisturized.
3. Usage Ethylhexyl Palmitate:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Palmitate, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts when using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin reactions to certain ingredients.
4. References:
- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexyl-palmitate
- Guo, L., & Lai, W. (2012). Ethylhexyl Palmitate. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 193-200). CRC Press.
- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/ethylhexyl-palmitate/
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Function: Surfactant
1. Definition Peg 100 Stearate:
Peg 100 Stearate is a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid, commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize and thicken formulations, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of creams and lotions.
2. Use:
Peg 100 Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, sunscreens, and makeup. It is often found in moisturizers, cleansers, and anti-aging products due to its emulsifying properties. Peg 100 Stearate helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and uniform texture in the final product.
3. Usage Peg 100 Stearate:
When using products containing Peg 100 Stearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If you experience any irritation or adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist. It is also recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential sensitivities.
4. References:
- "PEG-100 Stearate" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2014.
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2019.
- "Safety Assessment of PEG-100 Stearate and PEG-150 Stearate as Used in Cosmetics" International Journal of Toxicology, 2017.
Function: Emulsifying, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Polyhydroxystearic Acid:
Polyhydroxystearic Acid is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and stabilizer. It is derived from stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable fats.
2. Use:
Polyhydroxystearic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a stabilizer to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations. Additionally, it can provide a smooth, creamy texture to products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.
3. Usage Polyhydroxystearic Acid:
Polyhydroxystearic Acid is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other cosmetic ingredient, it is important to follow recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. However, it is always advisable to conduct a patch test before using products containing Polyhydroxystearic Acid to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "Polyhydroxystearic Acid" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyhydroxystearic-acid)
- "Polyhydroxystearic Acid in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine (https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/10410/polyhydroxystearic-acid-in-cosmetics)
- "Safety Assessment of Polyhydroxystearic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/polyhydroxystearic%20acid.pdf)
Other Names: microfine Zinc Oxide; CI 77947
Function: Skin Protecting, Cosmetic Colorant, Sunscreen Agent, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Zinc Oxide:
Zinc Oxide is a mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and protective properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often included in sunscreen, skincare products, and makeup formulations.
2. Use:
Zinc Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. It acts as a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting and scattering the harmful rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage. In addition to its sun protection benefits, Zinc Oxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Zinc Oxide:
When using cosmetics containing Zinc Oxide, it is important to apply the product evenly and generously to ensure adequate protection from the sun. Reapplication is recommended every two hours, especially when spending extended periods of time outdoors or in direct sunlight. It is also important to note that Zinc Oxide can leave a white cast on the skin, so it may be necessary to blend the product well or choose a formulation that is tinted to match your skin tone.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). CRC Press.
- Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2007). Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(3), 489-496.
- Nasir, A., Kalam, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, K. (2019). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Materials Science, 54(2), 1016-1042.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Caffeine:
Caffeine is a natural stimulant that belongs to the class of compounds known as xanthines. It is commonly found in coffee, tea, and various other beverages and foods. In cosmetics, caffeine is often used for its stimulating and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Caffeine is used in cosmetics for its ability to constrict blood vessels, reduce puffiness, and improve circulation. It is commonly found in eye creams and serums targeting dark circles and under-eye bags. Caffeine can also help to smooth and tighten the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.
3. Usage Caffeine:
When using cosmetics containing caffeine, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. Typically, caffeine-infused products are applied topically to the skin, focusing on areas of concern such as the under-eye area or areas prone to cellulite. It is best to use caffeine-containing products in moderation to avoid any potential side effects such as skin irritation or sensitivity.
4. References:
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2012). Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate cognitive impairments. In Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease (pp. 605-619). Academic Press.
- Costa, R., Rodrigues, I., Guardão, L., Lima, J. L., & Fernandes, E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and inhibition of human neutrophil oxidative burst by coffees of several origins. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(5), 1435-1441.
- Albasini, A., Zech, K., & Taddei, C. (2012). Use of caffeine in cosmetic compositions. U.S. Patent No. 8,119,371.
Other Names: Zingiber Officinale Root Extract; Ginger Root Extract
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Tonic
1. Definition Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Extract:
Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the ginger plant. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-brightening properties.
2. Use:
Ginger root extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and improve overall skin tone. It is also used for its antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging.
3. Usage Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Extract:
Ginger root extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and cleansers. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%, depending on the desired effect. It is important to patch test products containing ginger root extract before use, as some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using products with ginger root extract on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- Lee, S. H., Cekanova, M., & Baek, S. J. (2008). Multiple mechanisms are involved in 6-gingerol-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 47(3), 197-208.
- Ali, B. H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M. O., & Nemmar, A. (2008). Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review of recent research. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 409-420.
- Park, G. H., Park, K. Y., Cho, H. I., & Lee, S. M. (2011). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of barettin. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(9), 2054-2059.
Other Names: Avena Sativa Kernel Extract; Oat Kernel Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Emollient, Abrasive
1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is derived from the oat plant and is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to calm irritated skin and provide hydration.
2. Use:
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and emollient properties. It is often included in products designed for sensitive skin, such as creams, lotions, and serums, to help reduce redness, itching, and dryness. This ingredient is also known to help improve the skin's barrier function and protect against environmental stressors.
3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract:
When using products containing Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure there are no adverse reactions. This ingredient is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with oat allergies should avoid products containing oat-derived ingredients. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you have any concerns about using products with this extract.
4. References:
- Baumann, Leslie. "Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients." McGraw Hill Professional, 2015.
- Draelos, Zoe Diana. "Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures." John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
- Sur, Rituparna. "Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics: Drugs vs. Cosmetics." CRC Press, 2016.
Function: Humectant, Moisturising
1. Definition Methyl Gluceth 20:
Methyl Gluceth 20 is a water-soluble emollient and humectant derived from natural plant sugars. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its ability to moisturize and condition the skin.
2. Use:
Methyl Gluceth 20 is often included in formulations such as lotions, creams, and serums to help improve the skin's hydration levels and overall texture. It is known for its lightweight and non-greasy feel, making it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
3. Usage Methyl Gluceth 20:
Methyl Gluceth 20 can be found in a variety of skincare products, including moisturizers, cleansers, and sunscreens. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied directly to the skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage and to perform a patch test before widespread application to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "Methyl Gluceth-20" by Truth In Aging (https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/methyl-gluceth-20)
- "Methyl Gluceth-20" by The Derm Review (https://thedermreview.com/methyl-gluceth-20/)
- "Methyl Gluceth-20" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/methyl-gluceth-20)
Other Names: 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl bisheptanoate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Increasing Agent
1. Definition Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate:
Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate is a synthetic ester derived from neopentyl glycol and heptanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient due to its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin.
2. Use:
Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and lip balms. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of the product while also providing moisturizing properties to the skin. Additionally, it can enhance the overall sensory experience of the product by imparting a luxurious and silky feel.
3. Usage Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate:
When using products containing Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2008.
- "Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate" The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com.
- "Formulating with Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate" Personal Care Magazine, www.personalcaremagazine.com.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Oil:
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Oil is a natural oil extracted from the kernels of oats. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Oil is known for its moisturizing and soothing properties, making it a beneficial ingredient for dry, sensitive, and irritated skin. It helps to hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and improve skin barrier function. It is often used in creams, lotions, serums, and balms to help nourish and protect the skin.
3. Usage Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Oil:
Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Oil can be used in various skincare formulations, including facial moisturizers, body lotions, lip balms, and hair care products. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or incorporated into existing skincare products. It is generally safe for all skin types but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the entire face or body to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Hwang E, Lee TH, Park SY, et al. Oat (Avena sativa L.) extracts reduce melanin synthesis via Nrf2 activation in melan-a cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(10):18384-18395. doi:10.3390/ijms160818384
- Sur R, Nigam A, Grote D, Liebel F, Southall MD. Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-itch activity. Arch Dermatol Res. 2008;300(10):569-574. doi:10.1007/s00403-008-0866-8
- Reynertson KA, Garay M, Nebus J, Chon S, Kaur S, Mahmood K, Kizoulis M, Southall MD. Anti-inflammatory activities of colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) contribute to the effectiveness of oats in treatment of itch associated with dry, irritated skin. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(1):43-48.
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Deodorant
1. Definition Chlorophyllin Copper Complex:
Chlorophyllin Copper Complex is a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll that is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is derived from natural sources such as green plants and algae.
2. Use:
Chlorophyllin Copper Complex is used in cosmetics for its ability to protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote wound healing. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, serums, and masks.
3. Usage Chlorophyllin Copper Complex:
When using cosmetics containing Chlorophyllin Copper Complex, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. It is generally safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes, and to discontinue use if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs.
4. References:
- Wang, H., Joseph, J. A., & Rong, X. (2016). Green Tea and Chlorophyllin Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Colitis in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Treated Mice. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 35, 48-56.
- Park, K. H., & Kim, Y. S. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effect of chlorophyllin on the expression of inflammatory factors in adipocytes. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 33(1), 141-147.
- Yang, Z., & Yang, X. (2018). Chlorophyllin copper complex induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of human colon cancer cells via Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 pathway. Oncology Reports, 39(2), 697-704.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract:
Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract is a type of yeast extract derived from the fermentation process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a species of yeast commonly used in food and beverage production. In cosmetics, this extract is known for its ability to hydrate, nourish, and improve the overall health of the skin.
2. Use:
Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It is rich in amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that help to replenish and revitalize the skin. This extract also has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental stressors and premature aging.
3. Usage Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract:
When using skincare products containing Saccharomyces/ Lysate Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This extract is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- Kim, Eun Ju, et al. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived lysate exhibits protective effects against ultraviolet B-induced skin damage in a human skin equivalent model." Journal of cosmetic dermatology 17.5 (2018): 830-836.
- Lee, Sang Min, et al. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract protects skin from ultraviolet B-induced photoaging." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 18.5 (2019): 1272-1278.
- Lim, Kyung-Min, et al. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract protects against UV-induced skin damage in hairless mice." Journal of Dermatological Science 94.3 (2019): 269-275.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid:
Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid, also known as HPA, is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a UV filter. It belongs to the class of sunscreen agents known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives.
2. Use:
Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid is primarily used in sunscreens and other skincare products as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It helps to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB rays, which can cause skin damage, premature aging, and increase the risk of skin cancer. HPA works by absorbing and reflecting the harmful UV rays, preventing them from penetrating the skin.
3. Usage Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid, it is important to follow the product instructions carefully. Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin areas at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Loden, M., Maibach, H. I. (2010). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Rawlings, A. V., Leyden, J. J. (2012). Skin Moisturization. Springer Science & Business Media.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition C20 22 Alcohols:
C20 22 Alcohols are a group of fatty alcohols derived from natural sources such as coconut oil or palm oil. They are composed of a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from C20 to C22.
2. Use:
C20 22 Alcohols are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, emulsifiers, and thickeners. They help to stabilize and thicken formulations, improve the texture of products, and provide moisturizing properties to the skin.
3. Usage C20 22 Alcohols:
C20 22 Alcohols are typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products. They are generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing C20 22 Alcohols to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Fatty Alcohols - Cosmetics Info." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/fatty-alcohols.
- "Cetearyl Alcohol." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/cetearyl-alcohol/.
- "Fatty Alcohols." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/fatty-alcohols/.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate:
C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate is a type of alkyl phosphate derived from a mixture of fatty alcohols with carbon chain lengths of 20 to 22.
2. Use:
C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It helps to stabilize the emulsion, allowing water and oil-based ingredients to mix evenly. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product.
3. Usage C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate:
When using products containing C20 22 Alkyl Phosphate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for topical use but should be avoided in products that are intended for use around the eyes or mucous membranes. Individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Alkyl Phosphates as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. International Journal of Toxicology, 2007.
- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" edited by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach. CRC Press, 2014.
- "Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products" edited by Zoe Diana Draelos. CRC Press, 2006.
1. Definition Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Water:
Ginger water is a natural ingredient derived from the root of the Zingiber Officinale plant, commonly known as ginger. It is typically prepared by steeping grated or sliced ginger root in water to extract its beneficial properties.
2. Use:
Ginger water is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics. It is often used in skincare products to help reduce redness, soothe irritation, and promote a healthy complexion. Ginger water is also believed to improve skin elasticity and firmness, making it a valuable addition to anti-aging formulations.
3. Usage Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Water:
Ginger water can be incorporated into various cosmetic products, such as toners, serums, masks, and creams. It can be used topically on the skin to provide hydration, improve circulation, and enhance overall skin health. However, it is important to perform a patch test before using ginger water on the skin, as some individuals may be allergic to ginger and experience irritation or redness. Additionally, ginger water should be diluted with other ingredients to prevent skin sensitivity or adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Lee, S. H., Cekanova, M., & Baek, S. J. (2008). Multiple mechanisms are involved in 6-gingerol-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 47(3), 197-208.
- Ali, B. H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M. O., & Nemmar, A. (2008). Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review of recent research. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 409-420.
- Sahebkar, A. H. (2014). Potential efficacy of ginger as a natural supplement for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(19), 14215-14230.
1. Definition Alpha-Bisabolol:
Alpha-Bisabolol is a natural, colorless, viscous oil derived from the chamomile plant. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Alpha-Bisabolol is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and soothe the skin. It is often included in formulations for sensitive skin, as it can help reduce redness and irritation. Additionally, Alpha-Bisabolol is known to have anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Alpha-Bisabolol:
Alpha-Bisabolol can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. When using products containing Alpha-Bisabolol, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should use caution and consult with a dermatologist if necessary.
4. References:
- Kim, S., Kim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2015). Anti-inflammatory activity of α-bisabolol by inhibition of iNOS, COX-2 and cytokines via the NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 43(2), 227-241.
- Fuchs, S. M., Schliemann-Willers, S., Fischer, T. W., & Elsner, P. (2003). Protective effects of different marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and rosemary cream preparations against sodium-lauryl-sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 16(6), 324-330.
- Cardia, G. F. E., Silva-Filho, S. E., Silva, E. L., Uchida, N. S., Cavalcante, H., & Cassarotti, L. L. (2018). Effect of α-bisabolol in reducing acute inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental model of pleurisy in rats. BioMed Research International, 2018.
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Stearate:
Glyceryl Stearate is a fatty acid derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Stearate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, improve the texture of the product, and stabilize the formulation.
3. Usage Glyceryl Stearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Stearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Glyceryl Stearate, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Glyceryl Stearate" by Paula's Choice Skincare
Function: Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent
1. Definition Cinoxate:
Cinoxate is an organic compound that is commonly used in sunscreens and cosmetics as a UV filter. It is a clear, yellowish liquid that helps to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UVB rays by absorbing and reflecting them.
2. Use:
Cinoxate is primarily used in sunscreen products to provide protection against sunburn and skin damage caused by UV radiation. It is often combined with other UV filters to create broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. Additionally, cinoxate is used in various cosmetic products such as moisturizers, lip balms, and foundations to provide added sun protection.
3. Usage Cinoxate:
When using cosmetics containing cinoxate, it is important to follow the directions provided on the product packaging. Apply the product evenly to all exposed skin areas before sun exposure and reapply as directed, especially after swimming or sweating. It is recommended to use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and to seek shade during peak sun hours for maximum protection.
4. References:
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cinoxate
- https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701538-CINOXATE/
- https://www.ewg.org/sunscreen/report/the-trouble-with-sunscreen-chemicals/
Function: Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent
1. Definition Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is a natural preservative derived from the fermentation of radish roots by the bacterium Leuconostoc kimchii. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives.
2. Use:
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeast, and mold. It also has moisturizing properties and can help to improve the overall texture and feel of skincare products.
3. Usage Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:
When using products containing Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and storage. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Alves, A., et al. (2016). Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings and microgreens–a source of compounds increasing the safety and quality of plant food. Food Chemistry, 213, 286-295.
- Clardy, J., et al. (2013). Leuconostoc kimchii sp. nov., a new species from kimchi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 63(5), 1960-1966.
- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Antimicrobial effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Science, 83(1), 180-186.
Other Names: Glycerol monoisostearate; Glyceryl monoisostearate
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Isostearate:
Glyceryl Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Isostearate is used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent to help improve the texture and feel of products. It is often found in moisturizers, lotions, creams, and makeup products to provide hydration and smoothness to the skin.
3. Usage Glyceryl Isostearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Isostearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Isostearate" - Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-isostearate
- "Glyceryl Isostearate" - The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-isostearate
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Isostearate as Used in Cosmetics" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/glyceryl.pdf
Function: Emulsifying
1. Definition Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate:
Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate is an emulsifier and surfactant commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a polyglycerol ester of polyricinoleic acid, which is derived from castor oil.
2. Use:
Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate is primarily used as an emulsifier in cosmetic formulations. It helps to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions by reducing the surface tension between the oil and water phases, allowing them to mix evenly. This ingredient is often found in creams, lotions, and makeup products to improve their texture and consistency.
3. Usage Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate:
When using products containing Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to store products containing Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability and efficacy.
4. References:
- "Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-4-polyricinoleate.
- "Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-4-polyricinoleate.
- "Polyglyceryl-4 Polyricinoleate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-4-polyricinoleate/.
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2 Hexanediol:
1,2 Hexanediol is a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor that is used in cosmetics as a humectant, emollient, and solvent. It is a type of glycol that helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
1,2 Hexanediol is commonly used in cosmetics as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate the skin and hair. It also functions as a solvent, helping to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation. Additionally, it can act as a preservative, helping to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage 1,2 Hexanediol:
When using cosmetics containing 1,2 Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory authorities. However, some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient, so it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using a new product.
Precautions: While 1,2 Hexanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use of the product and consult a healthcare professional. It is also important to keep cosmetics containing 1,2 Hexanediol out of reach of children and to store them in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol, 1,2-Octanediol, and 1,2-Decanediol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "1,2-Hexanediol" in the Personal Care Products Council's International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook
- "1,2-Hexanediol" on the Environmental Working Group's Skin Deep Cosmetics Database.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Other Names: ABIL EM90
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone:
Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone is a silicone-based emollient and skin conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a mixture of cetyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol (PPG), and dimethicone.
2. Use:
Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone is used in cosmetics as a moisturizer and skin conditioning agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, providing a silky and luxurious feel to the product. It is often found in lotions, creams, serums, and other skincare products.
3. Usage Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to silicone-based ingredients. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, avoid getting the product in your eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-pegppg-101-dimethicone.
- "Dimethicone." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/silicones/dimethicone.html.
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and Ingredients that Contain PEGs." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706561-POLYETHYLENE_GLYCOL_10_DIMETHICONE/.
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