Gosh Foundation Drops - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; Cyclopenasiloxane; BRB CM 50
Function: Solvent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Cyclopentasiloxane:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and spreadability of products.
2. Use:
Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in skincare and haircare products such as moisturizers, serums, primers, and hair conditioners. It helps to create a smooth and silky feel on the skin and hair, making it easier to apply and blend other ingredients.
3. Usage Cyclopentasiloxane:
When using products containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a product with Cyclopentasiloxane, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 49(12), 832-864.
- Lefebvre, M. A., Pham, D. M., Boussouira, B., & Bernard, D. (2015). Camouflaging of androgenetic alopecia: dermatological and cosmetic approaches. Skin Research and Technology, 21(4), 219-227.
- Mavon, A., Miquel, C., Lejeune, O., Payre, B., & Moret, N. (2015). In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo stratum corneum distribution of an organic and a mineral sunscreen. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(5), 266-275.
Other Names: 2-Methylundecane
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Emollient
1. Definition Isododecane:
Isododecane is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent and emollient. It is a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum and is often found in products such as foundations, primers, and lipsticks.
2. Use:
Isododecane is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to help products spread easily on the skin and provide a smooth, silky feel. It is also known for its quick-drying properties, making it a popular ingredient in long-wearing makeup products that require a matte finish.
3. Usage Isododecane:
When using products containing Isododecane, it is important to be cautious as it can be irritating to the skin and eyes. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs. Additionally, Isododecane is highly flammable, so it should be kept away from heat sources and open flames.
4. References:
- Lodep, N., & Decker, C. (2017). Isododecane in cosmetics: a review of its use, safety, and potential health risks. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 153-162.
- Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2018). The role of Isododecane in modern cosmetics formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(2), 89-97.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2019). Safety assessment of Isododecane in cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/Isododecane.pdf
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Other Names: C12-C15 alkyl benzoate; Alkyl (C12-C15) benzoate; Dodecyl benzoate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antimicrobial
1. Definition C12 15 Alkyl Benzoate:
C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is an ester derived from benzoic acid and a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from 12 to 15. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin conditioning agent, and solvent.
2. Use:
C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is utilized in various cosmetic formulations such as sunscreens, moisturizers, and makeup products. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, enhance skin feel, and provide a lightweight, non-greasy texture.
3. Usage C12 15 Alkyl Benzoate:
When using products containing C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and apply as directed on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for topical application, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread use to ensure compatibility.
Precautions: While C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is recommended to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.
4. References:
- "C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 14th Edition.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report on the safety assessment of C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). CIR Expert Panel Reaffirms Safety of C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate in Cosmetics.
Function: Emollient, Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying, Binding Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from pentaerythritol and isostearic acid, resulting in a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in oils and waxes.
2. Use:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a moisturizing agent due to its ability to form a protective barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated. It also helps to improve the texture and spreadability of cosmetic products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate is found in a variety of cosmetic products, including lipsticks, lip balms, foundations, and skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using a product containing Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper use and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- G. N. Ramachandran, J. J. R. Rohrbaugh, A. J. C. Bonfiglio, and J. C. K. Lai, "Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate: A Review of its Synthesis and Applications in Cosmetics," Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 237-245, 2016.
- M. A. S. M. F. Santos, L. J. R. S. Silva, and C. A. B. S. Mendes, "Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate as an Emollient in Lipstick Formulations: A Comparative Study," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 365-372, 2008.
- K. L. Y. Tan, H. S. Y. Wong, and S. C. L. Lim, "Evaluation of Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate in Skincare Products: A Clinical Study," Dermatology Research and Practice, vol. 2019, Article ID 8274632, 2019.
Other Names: Pigment Yellow 11; Iron oxide Yellow; Yellow Iron oxide; Yellow Oxide of Iron; Hydrated ferric oxide
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition CI 77492:
CI 77492 is a cosmetic colorant ingredient that is also known as Iron Oxides Yellow. It is a yellow pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as foundations, eyeshadows, and blushes.
2. Use:
CI 77492 is used in cosmetics to provide a yellow color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades and tones. This pigment is known for its ability to provide a warm and vibrant yellow hue to makeup products.
3. Usage CI 77492:
When using products containing CI 77492, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of the skin to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.
4. References:
- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Function: Hair Fixing
1. Definition Cetearyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
Cetearyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It is a crosslinked polymer of cetearyl alcohol and dimethicone, which helps to improve the texture and spreadability of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Cetearyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer is often used in skincare and hair care products such as lotions, creams, serums, and conditioners. It helps to enhance the feel of the product on the skin or hair, providing a smooth and silky texture. It also helps to improve the stability and consistency of the formulation, allowing for better distribution of active ingredients.
3. Usage Cetearyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Cetearyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to silicone-based ingredients. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Goh, C. L., & Chua, T. C. (1999). Contact dermatitis to dimethicone. Contact Dermatitis, 40(2), 104-105.
- Loden, M. (2001). Role of topical emollients and moisturizers in the treatment of dry skin barrier disorders. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2(6), 389-398.
- Kligman, A. M., & Christensen, M. S. (1992). Cosmetics: A practical manual. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:
Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the kernels of the Argan tree, native to Morocco. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Argan Kernel Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and masks to hydrate and soften the skin and hair. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:
When using Argan Kernel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare or haircare products. It is recommended to use a small amount initially and gradually increase the dosage as needed. Avoid contact with eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Schmitt, L., Maranz, S., Akermi, M., & Delaveau, P. (2003). Effect of argan oil on platelet aggregation and bleeding time: a beneficial nutritional property. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 14(4), 220-225.
- Ait-Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., González-Ferrero, C., Aranda, C., Rota, C., Herrera, A., ... & Espina, L. (2011). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants. Journal of medical plants research, 5(23), 5728-5736.
- Khallouki, F., Younos, C., Soulimani, R., Oster, T., Charrouf, Z., & Spiegelhalder, B. (2003). Consumption of argan oil (Morocco) with its unique profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene, sterols and phenolic compounds should confer valuable cancer chemopreventive effects. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(1), 67-75.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent
1. Definition Trihydroxystearin:
Trihydroxystearin is a synthetic compound derived from stearic acid and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent.
2. Use:
Trihydroxystearin is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and creamy feel, making it easier to apply and spread on the skin. It also helps to lock in moisture, keeping the skin hydrated and soft.
3. Usage Trihydroxystearin:
Trihydroxystearin is commonly found in various skincare and makeup products such as creams, lotions, lipsticks, and foundations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Trihydroxystearin. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/trihydroxystearin
- Personal Care Council. (2016). Trihydroxystearin. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/trihydroxystearin/
- The Dermatology Review. (n.d.). Trihydroxystearin. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/trihydroxystearin/
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract:
Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the bark of the Magnolia Officinalis tree. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to soothe and calm the skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect against environmental stressors. It is also known to help improve skin tone and texture, as well as reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract:
When using products containing Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to ensure there are no adverse reactions. As with any skincare product, it is best to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency of use to avoid any potential irritation.
4. References:
- Kim, Y. J., Uyama, H., & Kobayashi, S. (2009). Inhibition effects of magnolia bark extract on melanin synthesis. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 17(2), 604-608.
- Zhang, G., He, L., Hu, M., & Luo, Z. (2016). Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 188, 204-228.
- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y., & Park, J. H. (2018). A comprehensive review on the cosmetic application of Magnolia bark extract. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 17(5), 919-923.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:
Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is a natural ingredient derived from wheat protein that has been hydrolyzed and then combined with coconut fatty acids to create a gentle surfactant. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for its ability to cleanse, condition, and moisturize the skin and hair.
2. Use:
Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is often used in shampoos, conditioners, facial cleansers, and body washes due to its mild cleansing properties and ability to help improve the texture and appearance of the skin and hair. It is also used in skincare products such as moisturizers and serums to provide hydration and nourishment.
3. Usage Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:
When using products containing Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with wheat allergies may want to avoid products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein" by Cosmetics Info
- "Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein" by The Derm Review
- "The Benefits of Wheat Protein for Skin and Hair" by Healthline
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:
Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is a plant-derived ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products. It is a combination of palmitic acid and hydrolyzed wheat protein, which helps to improve the texture and appearance of the skin.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein is known for its moisturizing and conditioning properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein:
When using products containing Palmitoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for topical use, but individuals with wheat allergies should be cautious and perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kaur, I., & Kapila, M. (2017). Applications of hydrolyzed wheat proteins in cosmetics and toiletries. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 7(1), 1-9.
- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2007). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 20(5), 343-349.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Other Names: Olea Europaea Fruit; Olive Fruit
1. Definition Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:
Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids that help nourish and protect the skin.
2. Use:
Olive oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and emollient properties. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and body lotions. Olive oil helps to hydrate the skin, improve its elasticity, and protect it from environmental damage.
3. Usage Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil:
When using products containing Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but those with sensitive or acne-prone skin may want to use it cautiously. Olive oil can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients in DIY skincare recipes.
4. References:
- Paula Begoun. (2003). "Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me." Beginning Press.
- P. Konstantinidou, et al. (2010). "In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial." The FASEB Journal.
- A. Ghanbari, et al. (2012). "Olive oil and cancer." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society.
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Glycyrrhetinic Acid:
Glycyrrhetinic Acid is a natural active ingredient derived from licorice root extract. It is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin brightening properties.
2. Use:
Glycyrrhetinic Acid is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and even out skin tone. It is also effective in treating conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
3. Usage Glycyrrhetinic Acid:
Glycyrrhetinic Acid can be found in various skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. It is important to patch test products containing Glycyrrhetinic Acid before applying them to the entire face, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to use products with Glycyrrhetinic Acid in the evening to avoid sensitivity to sunlight.
4. References:
- Armanini, D., Fiore, C., Mattarello, M. J., Bielenberg, J., & Palermo, M. (2002). History of the endocrine effects of licorice. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes, 110(6), 257-261.
- Asl, M. N., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2008). Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytotherapy Research, 22(6), 709-724.
- Choi, H. J., Kim, E. J., Shin, J. A., Kim, J. S., & Park, E. M. (2012). The anti-inflammatory effects of licorice-derived prenylflavonoids, Glyasperin C and Glyasperin D, are mediated by suppression of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in activated microglial cells. International immunopharmacology, 12(1), 460-467.
Other Names: Glyoxyldiureide; Allantion
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Soothing
1. Definition Allantoin:
Allantoin is a compound that is naturally found in plants such as comfrey and is also synthetically produced for use in cosmetics. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Allantoin is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote skin regeneration and repair. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it an effective ingredient in products designed to treat dry, rough, or damaged skin. Allantoin is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great option for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.
3. Usage Allantoin:
Allantoin is typically found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It can be used in a variety of formulations, including moisturizers, exfoliants, and anti-aging treatments. When using products containing allantoin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and to patch test the product before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmeceuticals. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Mukherjee, P. K., & Maity, N. (2011). Acute oral toxicity study of Allantoin in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 1247-1251.
- Vaughn, A. R., Clark, A. K., Sivamani, R. K., & Shi, V. Y. (2019). Natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 20(3), 285-295.
Other Names: phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Lecithins; Soy Lecithin; Soybean Lecithin; Soya Lecithin
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Lecithin:
Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.
2. Use:
Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.
3. Usage Lecithin:
When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.
- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.
- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying
1. Definition Butylene Glycol Cocoate:
Butylene Glycol Cocoate is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a derivative of coconut oil and butylene glycol, which is a type of alcohol commonly used as a solvent in skincare products. Butylene Glycol Cocoate is often used as an emollient and emulsifier in various skincare products.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol Cocoate is used in cosmetics and personal care products for its moisturizing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin and improve its overall texture. It is commonly found in moisturizers, lotions, creams, and other skincare products designed to hydrate and nourish the skin. Butylene Glycol Cocoate is known for its lightweight and non-greasy feel, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol Cocoate:
When using products containing Butylene Glycol Cocoate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). Butylene Glycol Cocoate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol-cocoate
- The Derm Review. (n.d.). Butylene Glycol Cocoate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/butylene-glycol-cocoate/
- Personal Care Council. (n.d.). Butylene Glycol Cocoate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol-cocoate/
Function: Surfactant, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying
1. Definition Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate:
Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and ricinoleic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together.
2. Use:
Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and makeup to create stable and uniform formulations. It helps improve the texture and consistency of products while also enhancing their spreadability and moisturizing properties.
3. Usage Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate:
When using products containing Polyglyceryl 3 Polyricinoleate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also advisable to avoid direct contact with the eyes and mucous membranes.
4. References:
- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate" - Cosmetics Info. (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyglyceryl-3-polyricinoleate)
- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate" - Truth in Aging. (https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyglyceryl-3-polyricinoleate)
- "Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate" - The Derm Review. (https://thedermreview.com/polyglyceryl-3-polyricinoleate/)
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Stabilising
1. Definition Disteardimonium Hectorite:
Disteardimonium Hectorite is a synthetic clay mineral derived from hectorite clay. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, suspending agent, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Disteardimonium Hectorite is primarily used in cosmetics to create a smooth and creamy texture in products such as foundations, concealers, and creams. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product and enhance its overall performance.
3. Usage Disteardimonium Hectorite:
When using products containing Disteardimonium Hectorite, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area. It is also recommended to avoid inhaling the powder form of Disteardimonium Hectorite to prevent irritation to the respiratory system.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Disteardimonium Hectorite as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Evaluation of the Skin Irritation Potential of Disteardimonium Hectorite" by the Journal of Cosmetic Science
- "Formulation and Characterization of Disteardimonium Hectorite-Based Cosmetic Products" by the International Journal of Cosmetic Science
Function: Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Perfluorooctyl Triethoxysilane:
Perfluorooctyl Triethoxysilane is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of fluoroalkylsilanes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a surface modifier and water repellent agent due to its hydrophobic properties.
2. Use:
Perfluorooctyl Triethoxysilane is primarily used in cosmetics as an ingredient in various formulations such as skincare products, makeup, and hair care products. It is often added to formulations to improve the water resistance and longevity of the product on the skin or hair.
3. Usage Perfluorooctyl Triethoxysilane:
When using products containing Perfluorooctyl Triethoxysilane, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is recommended to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using the product on a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes, and if contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water.
4. References:
- G. Z. Cai, L. Q. Zhang, H. H. Gao, F. Y. Cao, Y. C. Zhang, "Preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic coatings based on perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane-modified SiO2 nanoparticles," Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 96-104, 2016.
- Y. Wang, M. Yang, H. Li, "Preparation of hydrophobic polyurethane foam materials with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 132, no. 41, 2015.
- S. Wang, L. Wang, Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, "Preparation and properties of waterborne polyurethane/silica nanocomposites modified by perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 137, no. 7, 2020.
Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.
2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.
4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Glyceryl Caprylate:
Glyceryl Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and preservative. It is derived from caprylic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil, and glycerin.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Caprylate is used in cosmetics for its emollient properties, which help to soften and moisturize the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together in formulations. Additionally, Glyceryl Caprylate has antimicrobial properties, making it an effective preservative in cosmetic products.
3. Usage Glyceryl Caprylate:
Glyceryl Caprylate is commonly found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is used in concentrations typically ranging from 0.5% to 2%. When using products containing Glyceryl Caprylate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to a larger area to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-caprylate.
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-caprylate/.
- "Glyceryl Caprylate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glyceryl-caprylate.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Function: Emulsifying, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Polyhydroxystearic Acid:
Polyhydroxystearic Acid is a synthetic ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and stabilizer. It is derived from stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable fats.
2. Use:
Polyhydroxystearic Acid is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier to help mix oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a stabilizer to prevent the separation of ingredients in formulations. Additionally, it can provide a smooth, creamy texture to products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.
3. Usage Polyhydroxystearic Acid:
Polyhydroxystearic Acid is considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any other cosmetic ingredient, it is important to follow recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. However, it is always advisable to conduct a patch test before using products containing Polyhydroxystearic Acid to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "Polyhydroxystearic Acid" by Cosmetics Info (https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyhydroxystearic-acid)
- "Polyhydroxystearic Acid in Cosmetics" by Personal Care Magazine (https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/10410/polyhydroxystearic-acid-in-cosmetics)
- "Safety Assessment of Polyhydroxystearic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/polyhydroxystearic%20acid.pdf)
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propylene Carbonate:
Propylene Carbonate is a synthetic solvent commonly used in cosmetics. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor, and is typically derived from propylene oxide.
2. Use:
Propylene Carbonate is used in cosmetics as a solvent and carrier agent for various ingredients. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance the absorption of other active ingredients. It is commonly found in skincare products, such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in makeup products like foundations, lipsticks, and eyeshadows.
3. Usage Propylene Carbonate:
When using products containing Propylene Carbonate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Carbonate, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, avoid getting the product in your eyes or mouth, and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Propylene Carbonate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/propylene-carbonate.
- "Propylene Carbonate." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/propylene-carbonate/.
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Carbonate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PCarbonate1114SLR.pdf.
Other Names: Aluminium oxide; Corundum
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Alumina:
Alumina, also known as aluminum oxide, is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics for its abrasive and absorbent properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often found in skincare products such as exfoliants, masks, and powders.
2. Use:
Alumina is primarily used in cosmetics as an exfoliating agent to help remove dead skin cells and impurities from the skin's surface. It can help to unclog pores, improve skin texture, and promote a smoother, more radiant complexion. Alumina is also used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, absorbent, and opacifying agent to help improve the texture and performance of various products.
3. Usage Alumina:
When using cosmetics containing alumina, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Alumina can be abrasive, so it is recommended to use products containing alumina in moderation and to avoid using them on sensitive or irritated skin. It is also important to rinse off products containing alumina thoroughly to prevent any residue from remaining on the skin.
4. References:
- "Aluminum Oxide." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/aluminum-oxide.
- "Aluminum Oxide." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/aluminum-oxide.
- "Alumina." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/alumina.
Other Names: Glycerol monoisostearate; Glyceryl monoisostearate
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Isostearate:
Glyceryl Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Isostearate is used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent to help improve the texture and feel of products. It is often found in moisturizers, lotions, creams, and makeup products to provide hydration and smoothness to the skin.
3. Usage Glyceryl Isostearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Isostearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Isostearate" - Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-isostearate
- "Glyceryl Isostearate" - The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-isostearate
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Isostearate as Used in Cosmetics" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/glyceryl.pdf
Other Names: Pigment Red 101; Iron oxide Red; Red Iron oxide; Red Oxide of Iron
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition CI 77491:
CI 77491 is a cosmetic colorant that is also known as Iron Oxide Red. It is a red pigment that is commonly used in makeup products such as eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks.
2. Use:
CI 77491 is used in cosmetics to provide a red color to the product. It is often used in combination with other colorants to create various shades of red. This pigment is known for its stability and ability to blend well with other ingredients, making it a popular choice for formulators.
3. Usage CI 77491:
When using products containing CI 77491, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes to prevent irritation.
4. References:
- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
- "Iron Oxides: A Safe Cosmetic Ingredient" by Personal Care Products Council (PCPC)
Other Names: Pigment Black 11; Black Iron Oxide; Iron Oxide Black; Black Oxide of Iron; ci 77499 (iron Oxides)
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition CI 77499:
CI 77499 is a black iron oxide pigment commonly used in cosmetics to provide color, specifically in products like eyeliners, mascaras, eyeshadows, and lipsticks.
2. Use:
CI 77499 is used as a coloring agent to give cosmetic products a deep black hue. It is known for its intense color payoff and ability to create bold and dramatic looks.
3. Usage CI 77499:
When using products containing CI 77499, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. Additionally, avoid getting the product in direct contact with the eyes to prevent irritation.
4. References:
- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by Paula Begoun, https://www.paulaschoice.com/expert-advice/skincare-advice/cosmetic-ingredient-dictionary/iron-oxides
- "Iron Oxide Pigments for Cosmetics" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/iron-oxide
- "Iron Oxides" by The Derm Review, https://thedermreview.com/iron-oxides/
