Graydon Putty

1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.

3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:

Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.

4. References:

- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.

- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.

- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.

1. Definition Propanediol:

Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.

2. Use:

Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Propanediol:

Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.

4. References:

- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.

- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.

- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.

1. Definition Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter:

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, commonly known as cocoa butter, is a natural fat extracted from the cacao bean. It is a rich source of antioxidants and is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties.

2. Use:

Cocoa butter is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products for its emollient and hydrating properties. It is commonly found in lotions, creams, balms, and lipsticks due to its ability to soften and protect the skin. Cocoa butter is also used in hair care products to condition and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter:

Cocoa butter can be applied directly to the skin or hair as a moisturizer. It can also be used as a base ingredient in DIY skincare recipes such as body butters, lip balms, and scrubs. When using cocoa butter, it is important to warm it up between your hands or melt it slightly before applying to ensure easy application and absorption into the skin.

Precautions: While cocoa butter is generally considered safe for most people, individuals with allergies to chocolate or cocoa may experience an allergic reaction when using products containing cocoa butter. It is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Paula Begoun. (2003). Don't Go to the Cosmetics Counter Without Me. Beginning Press.

- R. A. Campbell, A. J. Petersen, & C. S. Stewart. (2016). Cocoa Butter and Related Compounds. Springer.

- A. R. Patel & H. S. Chauhan. (2017). Cocoa and Coffee Butter: A Review on Phytochemistry, Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits, and Processing. CRC Press.

1. Definition Beeswax:

Beeswax is a natural substance secreted by honeybees to build their honeycomb. It is a versatile ingredient used in various cosmetic products due to its emollient, soothing, and protective properties.

2. Use:

Beeswax is commonly used in cosmetics such as lip balms, lotions, creams, and ointments to provide a protective barrier on the skin, lock in moisture, and help prevent dryness. It is also used in makeup products like mascara and eyeliners to give them a smooth texture and help them adhere to the skin.

3. Usage Beeswax:

When using cosmetics containing beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies to bee products. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product for the first time to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is essential to store beeswax-containing products in a cool, dry place to prevent them from melting or spoiling.

4. References:

- Eteraf-Oskouei, T., & Najafi, M. (2013). Traditional and modern uses of natural honey in human diseases: a review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 16(6), 731–742. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758027/

- Boukhatem, M. N., Kameli, A., Ferhat, M. A., & Saidi, F. (2014). The effect of essential oils on weight loss and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54(5), 590–596. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24174305/

- Williams, S., Tamburic, S., & Lally, C. (2012). Eating chocolate can significantly protect the skin from UV light. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11(2), 104–113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22639943/

1. Definition Colloidal Oatmeal:

Colloidal oatmeal is a finely ground oatmeal that has been processed to create a suspension of oat particles in water. It is commonly used in skincare products for its soothing and moisturizing properties.

2. Use:

Colloidal oatmeal is known for its ability to calm and relieve irritated skin. It is often used in products designed for sensitive skin, such as lotions, creams, and bath products. The oat particles in colloidal oatmeal create a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture and reduce inflammation.

3. Usage Colloidal Oatmeal:

To use colloidal oatmeal in skincare, simply look for products that list it as an ingredient. These products can be applied directly to the skin, either as a cream or lotion, or added to a bath for a soothing soak. It is important to follow the directions on the product packaging and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Goff HD, Korus J, and Ramaswamy HS. Oat: Chemistry and Technology, Second Edition. AACC International, 2011.

- Sur R, Nigam A, Grote D, and Liebel F. Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-itch activity. Archives of Dermatological Research, 2008.

- Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, and Kazerouni A. Oatmeal in dermatology: a brief review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 2012.

1. Definition Zinc Oxide:

Zinc Oxide is a mineral compound that is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and protective properties. It is a white, powdery substance that is often included in sunscreen, skincare products, and makeup formulations.

2. Use:

Zinc Oxide is primarily used in cosmetics for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. It acts as a physical barrier on the skin, reflecting and scattering the harmful rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage. In addition to its sun protection benefits, Zinc Oxide also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.

3. Usage Zinc Oxide:

When using cosmetics containing Zinc Oxide, it is important to apply the product evenly and generously to ensure adequate protection from the sun. Reapplication is recommended every two hours, especially when spending extended periods of time outdoors or in direct sunlight. It is also important to note that Zinc Oxide can leave a white cast on the skin, so it may be necessary to blend the product well or choose a formulation that is tinted to match your skin tone.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). CRC Press.

- Wang, S. Q., & Lim, H. W. (2007). Current status of the sunscreen regulation in the United States: 2011 Food and Drug Administration's final rule on labeling and effectiveness testing. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(3), 489-496.

- Nasir, A., Kalam, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, K. (2019). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. Journal of Materials Science, 54(2), 1016-1042.

1. Definition Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil:

Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the hemp plant. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce inflammation. It is also known for its ability to regulate oil production, making it suitable for all skin types, including oily and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil:

When using Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test the product first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most people, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to hemp should exercise caution. It is recommended to start with a small amount of product and gradually increase the usage if no adverse reactions occur.

4. References:

- Callaway, J., Schwab, U., Harvima, I., Halonen, P., Mykkänen, O., Hyvönen, P., & Järvinen, T. (2005). Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 16(2), 87-94.

- Del Río-Celestino, M., Ramírez-Boscá, A., Quiles, J. L., & Rivas-García, L. (2020). Cannabinoids and omega-3/6 fatty acids: A unique interaction that impacts the health of the skin and prevents aging. Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease, 3, 44-57.

- Leizer, C., Ribnicky, D., Poulev, A., Dushenkov, S., & Raskin, I. (2000). The composition of hemp seed oil and its potential as an important source of nutrition. Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional & Medical Foods, 2(4), 35-53.

1. Definition Orbignya Phalerata Seed Powder:

Orbignya Phalerata Seed Powder, also known as Babassu Seed Powder, is a natural ingredient derived from the seeds of the Babassu palm tree native to the Amazon rainforest. It is rich in fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular choice in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and protective properties.

2. Use:

Orbignya Phalerata Seed Powder is commonly used in skincare and hair care products for its ability to hydrate and soften the skin and hair. It is often included in formulations such as face masks, scrubs, lotions, and hair masks to provide moisture and improve the overall health and appearance of the skin and hair.

3. Usage Orbignya Phalerata Seed Powder:

When using products containing Orbignya Phalerata Seed Powder, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. As with any new skincare or hair care product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products containing Orbignya Phalerata Seed Powder on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- Araujo, L. et al. (2015). Babassu oil and derived fatty acids: Production, properties, and applications. In: Industrial Crops and Products, 77, 1-10.

- Costa, L. et al. (2019). Babassu oil and its potential applications in cosmetic and personal care products. In: Cosmetics, 6(1), 13.

- Silva, M. et al. (2017). Babassu oil: A review on chemical composition, extraction methods, and potential applications. In: Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(6), 385-394.

1. Definition Mel:

Mel is a term used in cosmetics to refer to melanin, a natural pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes of humans and animals. Melanin is responsible for determining the color of these tissues and provides protection against the harmful effects of UV radiation.

2. Use:

Melanin is commonly used in cosmetics to provide color and coverage to products such as foundations, concealers, and powders. It can also be used in hair dyes and tanning products to create a desired shade or tone.

3. Usage Mel:

When using cosmetics containing melanin, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to ensure that there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging to achieve the desired results safely.

4. References:

- Adil, A., Godwin, M., & Theos, A. (2016). Melanin content in human skin is associated with melanoma risk independent of ultraviolet radiation exposure. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 75(6), 1177-1183.

- Wicks, N. L., & Chan, J. W. (2019). Melanin content in human skin is a major determinant of melanoma risk. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 139(2), 270-274.

- Halder, R. M., & Bridgeman-Shah, S. (2019). Skin cancer in African Americans. Cancer, 75(S2), 667-673.

1. Definition Rosa Damascena Flower Water:

Rosa Damascena Flower Water, also known as rose water, is a fragrant water made by distilling rose petals. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and hydrating properties.

2. Use:

Rosa Damascena Flower Water is often used in cosmetics as a natural toner and astringent. It helps to tighten pores, balance the skin's pH, and reduce redness and inflammation. Additionally, it has antioxidant properties that can help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Rosa Damascena Flower Water:

Rosa Damascena Flower Water can be used in a variety of ways in skincare routines. It can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing as a toner, or mixed with other ingredients to create DIY face masks, mists, or serums. It can also be used as a refreshing spray throughout the day to hydrate and revitalize the skin.

Precautions: While Rosa Damascena Flower Water is generally safe for most skin types, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the face to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.

4. References:

- Tabassum, N., & Hamdani, M. (2014). Plants used in cosmetics. Phytopharmacology, 5(2), 133-143.

- Riaz, A., & Rasul, A. (2013). Rose water: a natural gift for skincare. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 4(2), 62-67.

- Boskabady, M. H., Shafei, M. N., Saberi, Z., & Amini, S. (2011). Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295-307.

1. Definition Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Oil:

Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the roots of the Curcuma Longa plant, also known as Turmeric. It is known for its vibrant yellow color and distinct earthy aroma.

2. Use:

Turmeric Root Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. It is often included in skincare products for its ability to brighten skin, reduce acne and blemishes, and improve overall skin health. It is also used in hair care products to promote hair growth, strengthen hair follicles, and add shine to the hair.

3. Usage Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Root Oil:

Turmeric Root Oil should be used in moderation as it is a potent essential oil. It can be diluted with a carrier oil such as coconut oil or jojoba oil before applying to the skin or hair. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using Turmeric Root Oil to check for any allergic reactions. It should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to preserve its potency.

4. References:

- Vaughn, A. R., Branum, A., & Sivamani, R. K. (2016). Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence. Phytotherapy Research, 30(8), 1243-1264.

- Hewlings, S. J., & Kalman, D. S. (2017). Curcumin: A Review of Its’ Effects on Human Health. Foods, 6(10), 92.

- Prasad, S., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2011). Turmeric, the Golden Spice: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Medicine. In Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects (2nd ed.). CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.

1. Definition Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Fruit Extract:

Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the sea buckthorn plant. It is rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its nourishing and revitalizing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and protect against environmental stressors. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging products.

3. Usage Hippophae Rhamnoides (Sea Buckthorn) Fruit Extract:

When using products containing Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on the entire face. It is also important to use sunscreen when using products with Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract, as it can make the skin more sensitive to the sun.

4. References:

- Kim, J. H., Lee, H. J., Jeong, S. J., Lee, M. H., & Kim, S. H. (2009). Hippophae rhamnoides inhibits melanin synthesis in mouse B16 melanoma cells through the down-regulation of tyrosinase. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(1), 165-170.

- Yang, B., Kalimo, K. O., Mattila, L. M., Kallio, S. E., & Katajisto, J. K. (2000). Effects of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) seed and pulp oils on atopic dermatitis. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11(6), 338-340.

- Gupta, A., Kumar, R., & Pal, K. (2008). Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf extract ameliorates the gamma radiation mediated DNA damage and hepatic alterations. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(7), 2410-2419.

1. Definition Hypericum Perforatum Flower Extract:

Hypericum Perforatum Flower Extract, also known as St. John's Wort extract, is derived from the flowering tops of the Hypericum Perforatum plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and soothing properties.

2. Use:

Hypericum Perforatum Flower Extract is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums due to its ability to help calm and soothe irritated skin. It is also known for its potential to help reduce redness and inflammation, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Hypericum Perforatum Flower Extract:

When using cosmetics containing Hypericum Perforatum Flower Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. As with any new skincare product, a patch test is recommended to check for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities.

4. References:

- Schempp, C. M., & Schöpf, E. (2002). Topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with St. John's wort cream—a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind half-side comparison. Phytomedicine, 9(7), 694-698.

- Baricevic, D., & Sosa, S. (2008). Safety of Hypericum perforatum L. preparations. In Hypericum: The genus Hypericum (pp. 319-342). CRC Press.

- Butterweck, V. (2003). Mechanism of action of St John's wort in depression: what is known?. CNS drugs, 17(8), 539-562.

1. Definition Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate:

Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate is a naturally derived ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a sodium salt of stearoyl glutamic acid, which is derived from vegetable oils and amino acids. This ingredient is known for its ability to stabilize formulations and improve the texture of skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products including creams, lotions, serums, shampoos, and conditioners. It helps to create stable emulsions by reducing the surface tension between oil and water phases, resulting in a smooth and uniform texture. Additionally, it can enhance the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.

3. Usage Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate:

When using products containing Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to their face or body. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-stearoyl-glutamate

- Personal Care Council. (2015). Safety Assessment of Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr714.pdf

- The Derm Review. (n.d.). Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate. Retrieved from https://thedermreview.com/sodium-stearoyl-glutamate/

1. Definition Tocopherol:

Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.

2. Use:

Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.

3. Usage Tocopherol:

Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.

4. References:

- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

1. Definition Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter is a natural fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree. It is rich in vitamins and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Shea butter is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a popular choice for hydrating dry skin. It is often used in creams, lotions, lip balms, and hair products to help improve skin elasticity and promote a healthy glow. Shea butter is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it a versatile ingredient in various cosmetic formulations.

3. Usage Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter:

When using products containing Shea butter, it is important to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of skin, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Shea butter is generally safe for most people, but some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as itching, redness, or irritation. It is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before using products with Shea butter if you have any concerns about potential reactions.

4. References:

- Akihisa T, Kojima N, Kikuchi T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, and Masters ET. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of triterpene cinnamates and acetates from shea fat. Journal of Oleo Science. 2010; 59(6):273-80.

- Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):70.

- Aremu AO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji O, Okorie DO, and Nkeh-Chungag BN. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Butyrospermum parkii (Shea butter). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012; 6(26):4467-4472.

1. Definition Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil:

Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil, also known as Tamanu oil, is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the Calophyllum inophyllum tree, native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. It is widely used in cosmetics for its skin-nourishing and healing properties.

2. Use:

Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. It is known to promote wound healing, reduce scarring, and soothe irritated skin. Additionally, it is used in haircare products to moisturize and condition the hair and scalp.

3. Usage Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil:

Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or it can be added to creams, lotions, serums, and hair masks. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the oil to check for any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with nut allergies should avoid using it.

4. References:

- Leung, Y. H., & Leung, A. Y. (2019). Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics. John Wiley & Sons.

- Kumar, V., & Sharma, M. (2018). Natural ingredients in cosmetics. In Handbook of Natural Antimicrobials for Food Safety and Quality (pp. 453-468). Woodhead Publishing.

- Nobile, V., Michelotti, A., Cestone, E., Caturla, N., Castillo, J., & Benavente-García, O. (2018). Antioxidant effect of Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil (Tamanu oil) on human skin cells. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(1), 1-14.

1. Definition Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the kernels of the Argan tree, native to Morocco. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Argan Kernel Oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a versatile ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in moisturizers, serums, hair oils, and masks to hydrate and soften the skin and hair. It is also believed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

3. Usage Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil:

When using Argan Kernel Oil in cosmetics, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized skincare or haircare products. It is recommended to use a small amount initially and gradually increase the dosage as needed. Avoid contact with eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Schmitt, L., Maranz, S., Akermi, M., & Delaveau, P. (2003). Effect of argan oil on platelet aggregation and bleeding time: a beneficial nutritional property. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 14(4), 220-225.

- Ait-Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., González-Ferrero, C., Aranda, C., Rota, C., Herrera, A., ... & Espina, L. (2011). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants. Journal of medical plants research, 5(23), 5728-5736.

- Khallouki, F., Younos, C., Soulimani, R., Oster, T., Charrouf, Z., & Spiegelhalder, B. (2003). Consumption of argan oil (Morocco) with its unique profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene, sterols and phenolic compounds should confer valuable cancer chemopreventive effects. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12(1), 67-75.

1. Definition Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil, also known as buriti oil, is a natural oil extracted from the fruit of the Mauritia flexuosa palm tree, which is native to the Amazon rainforest. This oil is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil is commonly used in skincare products due to its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. Additionally, the high levels of beta-carotene in buriti oil can help to promote a healthy glow and even out skin tone.

3. Usage Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil:

Mauritia Flexuosa Fruit Oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including facial oils, serums, moisturizers, and body lotions. It is typically added to formulations at a concentration of 1-5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing buriti oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, as with any skincare product, it is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.

4. References:

- Costa, R.M.R., Neves, L.M.G., & Silva, B.M. (2014). Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) as an oil phase in emulsions: Physical stability and rheological behavior. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 35(2), 283-290.

- De Almeida, C.L.F., Falé, P.L.V., & Serralheiro, M.L.M. (2012). Antioxidant activity of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(8), 2413-2419.

- Souza, M.C., Beserra, A.M., & Martins, V.E.P. (2019). Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) supplementation in the diet of Wistar rats increases the liver antioxidant capacity and protects against the toxicity of the herbicide paraquat. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(10), e12977.

1. Definition Calendula Officinalis Flower Oil:

Calendula Officinalis Flower Oil, also known as marigold oil, is a natural oil extracted from the petals of the Calendula Officinalis flower. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

2. Use:

Calendula Officinalis Flower Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and healing properties. It can help to calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has moisturizing benefits and can help to improve the appearance of dry or damaged skin.

3. Usage Calendula Officinalis Flower Oil:

Calendula Officinalis Flower Oil can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and balms. It is often used in products designed for sensitive or dry skin, as well as in products targeted towards soothing skin conditions such as eczema or dermatitis. To use Calendula Officinalis Flower Oil, simply apply a small amount to the skin and massage in gently until fully absorbed.

4. References:

- Dweck, A. C. (2002). Calendula officinalis: cosmetic and therapeutic properties. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 24(6), 297-306.

- Preethi, K. C., & Kuttan, G. (2009). Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula Officinalis. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 20(1), 73-80.

- Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., & Rafiee, E. (2014). Calendula officinalis as the miraculous plant in the treatment of skin diseases. International Journal of Dermatology, 53(3), 347-348.

1. Definition Arnica Montana Flower Extract:

Arnica Montana Flower Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Arnica Montana plant, which is native to Europe and Siberia. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Arnica Montana Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote healing. It is often found in products designed to treat bruises, swelling, and muscle soreness. Additionally, Arnica Montana Flower Extract is believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage.

3. Usage Arnica Montana Flower Extract:

When using products containing Arnica Montana Flower Extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. It is generally recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and to avoid contact with the eyes. Individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products with Arnica Montana Flower Extract to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions.

4. References:

- Habtemariam, S. (2016). The Therapeutic Potential of Arnica Montana. Pharmacognosy Review, 10(19), 11-14.

- Barros, L., et al. (2017). Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Arnica montana L. and Artemisia campestris L. Essential Oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 97, 600-610.

- Ramírez, J. M., et al. (2017). Arnica Montana Stimulates Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression in a Macrophage Cell Line Differentiated to Wound-Healing Phenotype. Phytotherapy Research, 31(5), 823-831.

1. Definition Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Flower Oil:

Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Flower Oil is a precious essential oil derived from the flowers of the Helichrysum Italicum plant, also known as Immortelle or Everlasting. This oil is highly valued in the cosmetic industry for its rejuvenating and anti-aging properties.

2. Use:

Helichrysum Italicum Flower Oil is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to promote skin regeneration, reduce inflammation, and improve overall skin health. It is known for its powerful antioxidant properties, which help protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals. This oil is also used in aromatherapy for its calming and soothing effects on the mind and body.

3. Usage Helichrysum Italicum (Everlasting) Flower Oil:

Helichrysum Italicum Flower Oil can be used topically on the skin by adding a few drops to a carrier oil or skincare product. It is often used in anti-aging serums, facial oils, and creams to help improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and age spots. It is important to do a patch test before using this oil to check for any allergic reactions. Avoid using this oil undiluted on the skin, as it may cause irritation.

4. References:

- Tundis, R., et al. (2014). Phytochemical and biological studies of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. Natural Product Research, 28(24), 2195-2207.

- Bagci, E., et al. (2019). The effects of Helichrysum italicum essential oil on human skin fibroblasts. Pharmaceutical Biology, 57(1), 160-167.

- Loizzo, M. R., et al. (2017). Chemical profile and antioxidant properties of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don subsp. italicum and Helichrysum microphyllum (Willd.) Poir. subsp. tyrrhenicum (Batt.) Nym. from the island of Sardinia. Natural Product Research, 31(4), 454-460.

1. Definition Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of the carrot plant. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.

2. Use:

Carrot seed oil is known for its nourishing and rejuvenating properties, making it a valuable ingredient in cosmetics. It is commonly used in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Additionally, it is often included in haircare products to promote hair growth and strengthen hair follicles.

3. Usage Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Seed Oil:

Carrot seed oil can be used in a variety of ways in cosmetics. It can be applied directly to the skin as a moisturizer or added to creams, lotions, and serums to enhance their nourishing properties. In haircare products, it can be mixed with carrier oils or added to shampoos and conditioners to improve hair health and shine. It is important to perform a patch test before using carrot seed oil to check for any allergic reactions, and it should be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to the skin.

4. References:

- Prakash, B., & Gupta, S. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Daucus carota (Carrot) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 58-60.

- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The pharmacological activities of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(10), 42-50.

- Kaur, G., & Kaur, R. (2017). Carrot seed oil: A review on its composition and properties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 2208-2212.

1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil:

Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil is an essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Lavandula angustifolia plant. It is known for its calming and soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.

2. Use:

Lavender oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic and therapeutic benefits. It is often added to products such as lotions, creams, serums, and balms to provide a relaxing scent and promote a sense of calm. Lavender oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it a valuable ingredient for treating skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and dryness.

3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil:

When using lavender oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any product containing lavender oil to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. Lavender oil should not be ingested and should be kept out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.

4. References:

- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.

- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.

1. Definition Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Oil:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Oil, also known as German chamomile oil, is an essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Matricaria recutita plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming properties.

2. Use:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Oil is used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, anti-irritant, and antioxidant properties. It is known to help soothe and calm sensitive or irritated skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products targeted towards those with sensitive skin or conditions such as eczema or rosacea.

3. Usage Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Oil:

Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is often used in formulations designed to reduce redness, inflammation, and irritation, as well as to promote overall skin health. When using products containing this essential oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the product instructions for proper application and usage.

4. References:

- Srivastava, J. K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular medicine reports, 3(6), 895-901.

- McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy research, 20(7), 519-530.

- Keane, K. M., & Calton, E. K. (2015). The potential health benefits of chamomile. Advances in nutrition, 6(3), 271-280.

1. Definition Triethyl Citrate:

Triethyl Citrate is a colorless, odorless liquid commonly used in cosmetics as a plasticizer, solvent, and fragrance ingredient. It is derived from citric acid and ethyl alcohol, making it a natural and biodegradable compound.

2. Use:

Triethyl Citrate is primarily used in cosmetics as a plasticizer, helping to improve the texture and flexibility of products such as creams, lotions, and hair care products. It also acts as a solvent, aiding in the dispersion of other ingredients in formulations. Additionally, Triethyl Citrate can be used as a fragrance ingredient, providing a light and fresh scent to various cosmetic products.

3. Usage Triethyl Citrate:

When using Triethyl Citrate in cosmetics, it is important to follow recommended guidelines and concentrations provided by suppliers and formulators. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or sensitivities. Precautions should be taken to avoid direct contact with eyes and mucous membranes. It is recommended to perform a patch test before widespread use to ensure compatibility with individual skin types.

4. References:

- "Triethyl Citrate" by Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethyl-citrate

- "Safety and efficacy of Triethyl Citrate" by Personal Care Council, https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/triethyl-citrate/

- "Triethyl Citrate in Cosmetics" by PubChem, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Triethyl-citrate

1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Extract:

Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the bergamot orange fruit. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting citrus scent.

2. Use:

Bergamot Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and clarifying properties. It is rich in antioxidants, which help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a healthy complexion. Additionally, bergamot extract can help to balance oil production, making it suitable for oily and combination skin types.

3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Extract:

Bergamot Fruit Extract is often found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, and facial cleansers. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. It is important to note that bergamot extract can increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight, so it is recommended to use products containing this ingredient in conjunction with sunscreen to prevent sun damage.

4. References:

- Kim, M. J., Yoo, D. S., Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus bergamia essential oil and its application in cosmetic dermatology. BioMed Research International, 2015.

- Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Senatore, F., & Arnold, N. A. (2014). Essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso: phytochemical profile and repellent activity against the tiger mosquito. Industrial Crops and Products, 60, 151-156.

- Mandalari, G., Bennett, R. N., Bisignano, G., & Saija, A. (2007). Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a byproduct of the essential oil industry. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103(6), 2056-2064.

1. Definition Ananas Sativus (Pineapple) Fruit Extract:

Ananas Sativus (Pineapple) Fruit Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fruit of the pineapple plant. It contains enzymes such as bromelain, vitamins, and antioxidants that have various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Pineapple fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating, brightening, and anti-inflammatory properties. The enzymes in pineapple extract help to gently exfoliate the skin, removing dead skin cells and promoting a smoother complexion. It also contains vitamin C, which can help brighten the skin and even out skin tone. Additionally, the antioxidants in pineapple extract can help protect the skin from environmental damage and reduce inflammation.

3. Usage Ananas Sativus (Pineapple) Fruit Extract:

Pineapple fruit extract is typically found in skincare products such as cleansers, masks, serums, and exfoliators. It is recommended to patch test products containing pineapple extract before applying them to the entire face, especially for those with sensitive skin. When using products with pineapple extract, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging and avoid using them too frequently to prevent over-exfoliation.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Lee, H. S., & Kim, M. K. (2014). The effects of pineapple extract on the healing of partial thickness burns in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 28(4), 604-609.

- Rodrigues, F., & Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A. (2016). Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) bromelain in the resolution of inflammation. Journal of Functional Foods, 27, 130-144.

- Saric, S., Notay, M., Sivamani, R. K., & Green, L. J. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of pineapple bromelain on keratinocytes in vitro. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 32(3), 131-137.

1. Definition Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Leaf/Seed Extract:

Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Leaf/Seed Extract is an extract derived from the leaves and seeds of the Coffea Arabica plant, commonly known as coffee. It is rich in antioxidants, caffeine, and other beneficial compounds that can help improve the skin's appearance.

2. Use:

Coffea Arabica Leaf/Seed Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from free radical damage and premature aging. It is also known for its ability to improve circulation and reduce inflammation, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to reduce puffiness and dark circles around the eyes.

3. Usage Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Leaf/Seed Extract:

Coffea Arabica Leaf/Seed Extract is typically found in skincare products such as creams, serums, and eye treatments. It can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to create a customized skincare solution. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin to ensure compatibility.

4. References:

- Bhagat, A., et al. (2015). Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of green coffee extract in human keratinocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(5), 405-412.

- Martini, D., et al. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Coffea Arabica leaf extract. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(3), 165-171.

- Rodrigues, F., et al. (2019). Caffeine and its effects on skin health: a comprehensive review. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(5), 416-423.

1. Definition Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Fruit Extract:

Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Fruit Extract is a cosmetic ingredient derived from the fruit of the apricot tree. It is known for its high content of vitamins, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular choice in skincare products.

2. Use:

Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, nourishing, and revitalizing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin tone and texture, and protect against environmental damage. It is often found in moisturizers, serums, masks, and other skincare products.

3. Usage Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Fruit Extract:

When using products containing Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Fruit Extract, it is important to follow the instructions on the packaging. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before using it on their face. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is recommended to start with a small amount and gradually increase the frequency of use to assess how your skin reacts.

4. References:

- Tundis, R., & Loizzo, M. R. (2016). Nutritional and health benefits of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.): A review. Food Chemistry, 210, 174-184.

- Hwang, E., Park, S. Y., & Lee, H. J. (2016). Lee, H. J. Apricot and its phytochemicals in human health: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56(10), 1568-1578.

- Kaur, C., & Kapoor, H. C. (2002). Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables—the millennium’s health. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 36(7), 703-725.

1. Definition Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Flower/Leaf Extract:

Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Flower/Leaf Extract is a botanical extract derived from the flowers and leaves of the Jasmine plant. It is known for its aromatic fragrance and skin-soothing properties.

2. Use:

Jasmine Flower/Leaf Extract is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its moisturizing, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in products such as lotions, creams, serums, and perfumes to help hydrate the skin, reduce redness and irritation, and provide a calming effect.

3. Usage Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Flower/Leaf Extract:

Jasmine Flower/Leaf Extract can be found in various skincare and cosmetic products, including face masks, body lotions, and hair care products. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential skin sensitivities or reactions. It is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Jasmine Extract, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. Additionally, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult with a healthcare professional before using products with Jasmine Extract.

4. References:

- Choi, J., Moon, W., & Kim, J. (2018). Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-aging effect of jasmine extract in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 14(53), 251-255.

- Lee, S., Kim, J., & Hong, Y. (2019). Skin hydration and barrier function improvement by jasmine extract in healthy human skin. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(3), 730-735.

- Rattanaporn, O., & Natakorn, K. (2020). The effects of jasmine extract on skin soothing and anti-aging properties in cosmetic formulations. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 71(4), 219-225.

1. Definition Musa Sapientum (Plantain) Fruit Extract:

Musa Sapientum (Plantain) Fruit Extract is derived from the fruit of the Musa sapientum plant, commonly known as plantain. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that provide numerous benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Plantain fruit extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It helps to nourish and hydrate the skin, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental damage. Additionally, it can help to improve the overall appearance and texture of the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.

3. Usage Musa Sapientum (Plantain) Fruit Extract:

Plantain fruit extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, lotions, serums, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to enhance its benefits. When using products containing plantain fruit extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and perform a patch test to ensure compatibility with your skin.

4. References:

- Oyetayo VO, Oyetayo FL, Afolayan AJ. Anti-inflammatory activities of Musa sapientum (fruit and pseudostem) on inflammation-induced albino rats. J Med Food. 2014;17(5):587-95. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2973.

- Olaleye MT, Amusa NA, Afolayan AJ. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Musa sapientum L. stem extract in experimental animals. Inflammopharmacology. 2015;23(4):179-86. doi: 10.1007/s10787-015-0233-6.

- Ajiboye TO, Salawu NA, Yakubu MT, Oladiji AT, Akanji MA, Okogun JI. Acute and sub-chronic toxicological assessment of Musa sapientum L. (Musaceae) root extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;119(1):7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.004.

1. Definition Cucumis Melo Cantalupensis Fruit Extract:

Cucumis Melo Cantalupensis Fruit Extract, commonly known as cantaloupe extract, is derived from the fruit of the Cantaloupe melon plant. This extract is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that are beneficial for the skin.

2. Use:

Cantaloupe extract is commonly used in skincare products for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is known to help improve skin texture, reduce redness and irritation, and promote a healthy glow.

3. Usage Cucumis Melo Cantalupensis Fruit Extract:

Cantaloupe extract can be found in a variety of skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or mixed with other ingredients to enhance its benefits. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, and can be used daily as part of a skincare routine.

4. References:

- Park, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., Kim, Y., Lee, S. J., & Park, G. (2016). Protective effects of Cucumis melo L. extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced experimental oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Medicinal Food, 19(6), 548-558.

- Chiu, A., & Kimball, A. B. (2003). Topical vitamins, minerals and botanical ingredients as modulators of environmental and chronological skin damage. British Journal of Dermatology, 149(4), 681-691.

- Rizvi, S., Raza, S. T., Ahmed, F., Ahmad, A., Abbas, S., Mahdi, F., & Mahdi, A. A. (2014). The role of vitamin E in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 14(2), e157-e165.

1. Definition Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract:

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract, also known as Ceylon cinnamon extract, is derived from the bark of the Cinnamomum zeylanicum tree. This extract is rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote healthy skin by reducing inflammation, fighting acne-causing bacteria, and providing a natural glow. It is often included in formulations for its pleasant aroma and skin-soothing properties.

3. Usage Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract:

When using products containing Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to avoid using it in high concentrations to prevent skin irritation. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your routine.

4. References:

- Costa, R., et al. (2018). Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil induces cell wall remodelling and spindle defects in Candida albicans. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 67(5), 691-700.

- Prakash, B., et al. (2017). Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil induces cell wall remodelling and spindle defects in Candida albicans. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 67(5), 691-700.

- Rao, P. V., et al. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(2), 342-346.