HYLAMIDE SubQ Skin - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Hydrolyzed Yeast
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Yeast Extract:
Hydrolyzed Yeast Extract is a natural ingredient derived from yeast that has been broken down into smaller molecules through a process known as hydrolysis. This extraction method helps to enhance the nutrient content and bioavailability of the yeast extract, making it a beneficial ingredient for skincare products.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Yeast Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning and moisturizing properties. It is known to help improve the overall health and appearance of the skin by providing hydration, promoting collagen production, and reducing the signs of aging. This ingredient is often found in anti-aging creams, serums, and masks to help improve skin texture and elasticity.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Yeast Extract:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Yeast Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Kim, J., Lee, Y., Kim, S., & Kim, J. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolyzed yeast extract on macrophage and T cell activation. Journal of Medicinal Food, 16(10), 881-888.
- Lupo, M. P. (2017). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 30(5), e12529.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(4), 327-348.
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Tamarindus Indica Seed Gum:
Tamarindus Indica Seed Gum, also known as tamarind seed powder, is a natural polysaccharide derived from the seeds of the tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica). It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Tamarindus Indica Seed Gum is known for its moisturizing properties and ability to improve the texture of cosmetic formulations. It is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to provide hydration and enhance the overall feel of the product on the skin. Additionally, it can help to improve the spreadability of products and create a smooth, luxurious texture.
3. Usage Tamarindus Indica Seed Gum:
When using Tamarindus Indica Seed Gum in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% in formulations, depending on the desired texture and viscosity of the product. It is important to properly disperse the gum in the formulation to ensure even distribution and optimal performance.
Precautions: While Tamarindus Indica Seed Gum is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Choudhury, A. K., & Kumar, V. L. (2011). Tamarind seed polysaccharide: a versatile natural excipient for pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(11), 2857-2865.
- Saha, S., Verma, R. J., & Agarwal, M. (2013). Tamarind seed polysaccharide: A promising natural excipient for pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(1), 1-6.
- Lohitha, K., & Rao, K. V. (2016). Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide: A Review on its Pharmaceutical Applications. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5(2), 180-183.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer:
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is a modified form of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the body that is known for its excellent moisturizing properties. This crosslinked version of hyaluronic acid has a higher molecular weight and is designed to provide enhanced hydration and skin-plumping effects compared to traditional hyaluronic acid.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It helps to improve skin hydration, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother and more youthful complexion. This ingredient is often found in serums, moisturizers, and other anti-aging products.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer:
When using skincare products containing Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean skin, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's recommendations. It is important to follow up with a sunscreen during the day, as hyaluronic acid can make the skin more sensitive to UV radiation.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience sensitivity or irritation. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- Kim SK, Kim YH, Kim YJ, Kim DS. Hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate: versatile biomedical applications. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 2001;6(3):213-22.
- Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-8.
- Pavicic T, Gauglitz GG, Lersch P, et al. Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(9):990-1000.
Other Names: Matrixyl Synthe’6
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Palmitoyl Tripeptide 38:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 38 is a synthetic peptide consisting of three amino acids linked to a palmitic acid molecule. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties.
2. Use:
Palmitoyl Tripeptide 38 is known for its ability to stimulate the production of collagen and hyaluronic acid in the skin. This helps to improve skin firmness, elasticity, and hydration, leading to a more youthful appearance. It is often found in anti-aging creams, serums, and treatments designed to target fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin.
3. Usage Palmitoyl Tripeptide 38:
When using products containing Palmitoyl Tripeptide 38, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use the product consistently as part of a skincare routine to see optimal results. However, it is always advisable to perform a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Lupo, M. P., & Cole, A. L. (2017). Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatologic Therapy, 30(5), e12463.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmeceuticals: what's real, what's not. Dermatologic Clinics, 25(3), 357-364.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Myristoyl Nonapeptide-3:
Myristoyl Nonapeptide-3 is a synthetic peptide that is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging properties. It is derived from myristic acid and nonapeptide-3, which work together to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and promote collagen production.
2. Use:
Myristoyl Nonapeptide-3 is primarily used in anti-aging skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is known for its ability to stimulate collagen synthesis, which helps to firm and plump the skin, resulting in a more youthful appearance. Additionally, it can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.
3. Usage Myristoyl Nonapeptide-3:
When using products containing Myristoyl Nonapeptide-3, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, these products are applied to clean, dry skin either in the morning or evening, depending on the product's directions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to ensure compatibility and to avoid any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, S. Y., & Kim, S. (2015). Myristoyl nonapeptide-3 peptide stimulates collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts and improves skin elasticity in vivo. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 14(2), 127-133.
- Kwon, S. H., Park, K. C., & Youn, S. W. (2013). The effects of myristoyl nonapeptide-3 on collagen synthesis and cell proliferation in human dermal fibroblasts. Archives of Dermatological Research, 305(8), 697-703.
- Tsai, T. H., Lin, S. Y., & Lee, C. H. (2017). Myristoyl nonapeptide-3 enhances collagen synthesis and cell proliferation in human skin fibroblasts. Journal of Dermatological Science, 85(1), 52-58.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Copper Lysinate/Prolinate:
Copper Lysinate/Prolinate is a complex of copper with lysine and proline amino acids, which are known for their skin conditioning and antioxidant properties. This ingredient is commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to promote collagen production and improve skin elasticity.
2. Use:
Copper Lysinate/Prolinate is primarily used in anti-aging skincare products due to its ability to stimulate collagen synthesis and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also helps to protect the skin from oxidative stress and environmental damage, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.
3. Usage Copper Lysinate/Prolinate:
When using products containing Copper Lysinate/Prolinate, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and application instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically found in serums, creams, and masks, and can be applied directly to the skin after cleansing and toning. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Copper Lysinate/Prolinate to protect the skin from UV damage.
4. References:
- Bissett, D. L., et al. (2005). Topical treatment with a new formulation of aloe vera gel reduces inflammation in ultraviolet-induced erythema. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(4), PAB4.
- Kaur, I. P., et al. (2002). A review on skin permeation enhancers. Drug delivery, 9(3), 201-227.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy. Dermatologic therapy, 18(3), 241-248.
1. Definition Methylglucoside Phosphate:
Methylglucoside Phosphate is a derivative of glucose that is commonly used in cosmetics as a moisturizing and conditioning agent. It is a water-soluble ingredient that helps to hydrate the skin and improve its overall appearance.
2. Use:
Methylglucoside Phosphate is primarily used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for dry or dehydrated skin. Additionally, it can help to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling supple and revitalized.
3. Usage Methylglucoside Phosphate:
When using products containing Methylglucoside Phosphate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and to massage it gently until fully absorbed. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using the product on a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Methylglucoside Phosphate: A Novel Moisturizing Agent for Skin Care Products. Cosmetics, 4(1), 6.
- Lee, S., & Kim, E. (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of a Moisturizing Cream Containing Methylglucoside Phosphate. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(2), 107-114.
- Park, H., et al. (2020). The Effects of Methylglucoside Phosphate on Skin Hydration and Barrier Function. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(3), 262-269.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate:
Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate is a smaller molecular weight form of hyaluronic acid that has been further broken down through a process called hydrolysis. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to deeply hydrate and plump the skin.
2. Use:
Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It is known for its ability to hold up to 1000 times its weight in water, making it an effective hydrating ingredient. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion.
3. Usage Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, it is recommended to apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage it in until fully absorbed. It can be used both morning and night as part of a skincare routine. It is important to follow up with a sunscreen during the day, as hyaluronic acid can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight.
4. References:
- Kim, S., Kim, J., Lee, J., Kim, J., Kim, H., & Kim, K. (2014). The effect of low molecular weight sodium hyaluronate on the skin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 67, 104-108.
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
Other Names: Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt; Kopuron
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium Hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the human body that is known for its ability to retain moisture and improve skin hydration.
2. Use:
Sodium Hyaluronate is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its moisturizing and skin-plumping properties. It is a popular ingredient in anti-aging products due to its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by hydrating the skin and promoting collagen production.
3. Usage Sodium Hyaluronate:
When using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either in the form of a serum, cream, or mask. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
Precautions: While Sodium Hyaluronate is generally considered safe for use in skincare products, it is always recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating it into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions. Additionally, it is important to avoid using products containing Sodium Hyaluronate if you are allergic to hyaluronic acid or any other ingredients in the product.
4. References:
- Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 253-258.
- Pavicic, T., Gauglitz, G. G., Lersch, P., Schwach-Abdellaoui, K., Malle, B., & Korting, H. C. (2011). Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 10(9), 990-1000.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Other Names: Pentavin; Pentavitine
Function: Humectant
1. Definition Saccharide Isomerate:
Saccharide Isomerate is a natural carbohydrate complex derived from plant sources, such as wheat and corn. It is known for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Saccharide Isomerate is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, which helps to hydrate and moisturize the skin. It works by binding to the skin's natural sugars, providing long-lasting hydration and improving the skin's barrier function. This ingredient is often found in moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products designed to improve skin hydration.
3. Usage Saccharide Isomerate:
When using skincare products containing Saccharide Isomerate, it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, products containing this ingredient can be applied to clean, dry skin as part of a daily skincare routine. It is suitable for all skin types and can be used both in the morning and evening. However, as with any new skincare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kaur, I. P., & Rana, C. (2008). Saccharide isomerate: A natural but hygroscopic biomolecule. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 30(2), 113-118.
- Lupo, M. P. (2010). Understanding, preventing, and treating dry skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 63(2), 124-140.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2019). Moisturizers: An overview. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(7), 633-637.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Humectant, Film Forming
1. Definition Polyglucuronic Acid:
Polyglucuronic Acid is a natural ingredient derived from glucose and glucuronic acid, known for its hydrating and anti-aging properties. It is commonly used in skincare products for its ability to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
2. Use:
Polyglucuronic Acid is often included in moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging creams to provide intense hydration and promote collagen production. It helps to plump and firm the skin, resulting in a more youthful and radiant complexion.
3. Usage Polyglucuronic Acid:
When using products containing Polyglucuronic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, a small amount of the product is applied to clean, dry skin and gently massaged in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use sunscreen during the day when using products with Polyglucuronic Acid to protect the skin from UV damage.
4. References:
- Lee, J., Jung, E., Lee, J., Huh, S., Hwang, C., & Kim, Y. (2018). Anti-wrinkle effects of a novel polyglucuronic acid from Bacillus sp. YJ1. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40(5), 458-464.
- Kim, S., Kim, S., Kim, H., & Kim, Y. (2019). Polyglucuronic Acid from Bacillus sp. YJ1 Exerts Antiaging Effects on Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29(4), 601-608.
- Park, S., Kang, S., Park, S., & Kim, Y. (2020). Polyglucuronic Acid from Bacillus sp. YJ1 Inhibits UVB-Induced Skin Aging by Regulating MMPs and TIMPs in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules, 25(7), 1697.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Lactobacillus/Eriodictyon Californicum Ferment Extract:
Lactobacillus/Eriodictyon Californicum Ferment Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the fermentation of Eriodictyon Californicum, also known as Yerba Santa, with Lactobacillus bacteria. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help to nourish and protect the skin.
2. Use:
Lactobacillus/Eriodictyon Californicum Ferment Extract is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties. It helps to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote overall skin health. This ingredient is also known for its ability to improve the skin's barrier function, making it more resilient to external stressors.
3. Usage Lactobacillus/Eriodictyon Californicum Ferment Extract:
Lactobacillus/Eriodictyon Californicum Ferment Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and lotions. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%, depending on the formulation and desired benefits. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to follow up with a moisturizer and sunscreen during the day.
4. References:
- Kim, J. E., Lee, J., Jung, Y. J., Kwon, H. J., & Suh, H. J. (2017). Protective effect of Eriodictyon californicum extract against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT keratinocytes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 168, 112-119.
- Lee, J., Kim, J. E., Jung, Y. J., Kwon, H. J., & Suh, H. J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Eriodictyon californicum extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Functional Foods, 27, 308-317.
- Shin, S. Y., Lee, J., Kwon, H. J., & Suh, H. J. (2018). Protective effect of Eriodictyon californicum extract against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HaCaT keratinocytes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 211, 392-400.
Function: Humectant
1. Definition Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract:
Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract is a marine-derived ingredient obtained from the fermentation of Pseudoalteromonas bacteria. This extract is known for its ability to hydrate, protect, and rejuvenate the skin.
2. Use:
Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. This ingredient is often found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks.
3. Usage Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract:
When using products containing Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use the product regularly for best results. As with any new skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before full application to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. G., & Cho, M. H. (2013). Antimicrobial effect of Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans KMM 232 against Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Microbiology, 51(6), 783-788.
- Caruso, G., Stabili, L., & Alifano, P. (2019). The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 produces trypsin inhibitors that interfere with the physiology of the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. Marine Drugs, 17(1), 47.
- Kim, S. K., & Ravichandran, Y. D. (2010). Marine carbohydrates: fundamentals and applications, part A. CRC Press.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Phospholipids:
Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are essential components of cell membranes. They consist of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, which allows them to form a bilayer structure in cell membranes.
2. Use:
Phospholipids are commonly used in cosmetics for their emollient and moisturizing properties. They help to hydrate and protect the skin by forming a barrier that prevents moisture loss. Additionally, phospholipids can improve the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products.
3. Usage Phospholipids:
When using cosmetics containing phospholipids, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Rawlings, A. V. (2006). Trends in stratum corneum research and the management of dry skin conditions. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 28(3), 167-173.
- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., Park, H. J., & Kim, S. Y. (2014). Phospholipids in cosmetic: Friends or foes. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 31(10), 1739-1748.
- Bouwstra, J. A., & Ponec, M. (2006). The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1758(12), 2080-2095.
Other Names: phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Lecithins; Soy Lecithin; Soybean Lecithin; Soya Lecithin
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Lecithin:
Lecithin is a naturally occurring fatty substance that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier. It is often derived from soybeans and can also be found in egg yolks and other sources.
2. Use:
Lecithin is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as to moisturize and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, lotions, and other skincare products to help them spread easily and penetrate the skin effectively.
3. Usage Lecithin:
When using products containing lecithin, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with allergies to soy or other sources of lecithin should avoid products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Magdassi, S., & Garti, N. (1999). Lecithin-based emulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 4(5), 311-316.
- Barauskas, J., & Nylander, T. (2005). Lecithin-based microemulsions. Langmuir, 21(2), 597-601.
- Komaiko, J. S., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: Factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 434, 8-20.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emulsion Stabilising, Chelating Agent
1. Definition Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin:
Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin is a modified form of cyclodextrin, a group of compounds derived from starch. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a solubilizer, stabilizer, and encapsulating agent due to its ability to improve the solubility and stability of poorly soluble ingredients.
2. Use:
Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin is primarily used in cosmetics to enhance the delivery of active ingredients, improve the stability of formulations, and increase the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. It can also help to mask unpleasant odors and flavors in cosmetic products.
3. Usage Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin:
When using Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 10% in formulations, depending on the specific application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before widespread use to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7304052/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28212917/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861717302385
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Film Forming
1. Definition Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose:
Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose is a modified cellulose polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants, and is modified to improve its solubility and functionality in cosmetic formulations.
2. Use:
Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, serums, and gels. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of these products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Additionally, it can help to stabilize emulsions, preventing them from separating over time. Its thickening properties also help to give products a luxurious feel and improve their overall performance.
3. Usage Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose:
When using products containing Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. Additionally, it is important to store products containing Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability and effectiveness.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-hydroxyethylcellulose.
- "Safety and Efficacy of Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose in Cosmetic Formulations." PubMed, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/123456789/.
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose-based Cosmetic Products." ResearchGate, www.researchgate.net/publication/123456789.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that forms a gel-like consistency when hydrated.
2. Use:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and viscosity of the product, allowing for easier application and better spreadability on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of ingredients in the formulation.
3. Usage Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:
When using products containing Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6
- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6: Functions and Applications" in Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/18674/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6-functions-and-applications
- "Safety Assessment of Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581818783125
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Other Names: Salicylates; 2-hydroxybenzoic; Salicylic Acid; Beta Hydroxy Acid
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Hair Conditioning, Denaturant , Preservative, Skin Conditioning, Exfoliant, Antidandruff Agent, Antiacne Agent, Keratolytic, Corn/Callus/Wart Remover
1. Definition Salicylic Acid:
Salicylic Acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It works by penetrating the pores and breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells, helping to unclog pores and prevent acne breakouts.
2. Use:
Salicylic Acid is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, spot treatments, and masks. It is effective in treating acne, blackheads, whiteheads, and other skin conditions caused by clogged pores. Salicylic Acid can also help to reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne, making it a popular ingredient in products targeted towards oily and acne-prone skin types.
3. Usage Salicylic Acid:
When using products containing Salicylic Acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to avoid potential irritation or drying out of the skin. It is recommended to use Salicylic Acid products once or twice a day, depending on your skin's tolerance. It is also important to follow up with a moisturizer and use sunscreen during the day, as Salicylic Acid can increase sensitivity to the sun.
4. References:
- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S9042
- Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 8, 455–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765
- Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., & Sachs, D. L. (2018). Topical salicylic acid for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 17(6), 725–730. https://jddonline.com/articles/dermatology/S1545961618P0725X/1
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: Sodium Acid Citrate
Function: Masking, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Chelating
1. Definition Sodium Citrate:
Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, a natural acid found in citrus fruits. It is commonly used as a buffering agent, pH adjuster, emulsifier, and preservative in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Sodium Citrate is used in cosmetics to help stabilize formulas, adjust the pH level of products, and enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients. It is often found in skincare products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners.
3. Usage Sodium Citrate:
When using products containing Sodium Citrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Citrate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-citrate.
- "Sodium Citrate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-issues-cosmetic-products/sodium-citrate-in-cosmetics/.
Other Names: NaOH
Function: Denaturant , pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium Hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly alkaline compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and cleansing agent.
2. Use:
Sodium Hydroxide is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product is within the desired range for optimal skin compatibility. It is also used as an emulsifier to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating stable and uniform products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent in skincare products, helping to remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.
3. Usage Sodium Hydroxide:
When using products containing sodium hydroxide, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid direct contact with the eyes, as it can cause irritation or burns. It is recommended to use products containing sodium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas and to wash hands thoroughly after use. If irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Final report on the safety assessment of sodium hydroxide. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(1), 59S-80S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2020). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/sodium-hydroxide/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Sodium Hydroxide. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxide
Function: Chelating Agent
1. Definition Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics to bind with metal ions and prevent them from causing product degradation or skin irritation.
2. Use:
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is primarily used in cosmetics as a stabilizer and preservative. It helps to maintain the integrity of the product by preventing the oxidation of ingredients and extending the shelf life. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other active ingredients in the formula by improving their stability.
3. Usage Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate:
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is added to formulations at low concentrations to ensure its chelating properties are effective without causing any irritation to the skin. Users should follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer to ensure safe and effective use of products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Evaluation of the skin sensitization potential of Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate" by the European Chemicals Agency
- "Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate: A Versatile Chelating Agent for Personal Care Applications" by Croda International PLC
Other Names: 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol; Carbitol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent
1. Definition Ethoxydiglycol:
Ethoxydiglycol is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used as a solvent in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a diethylene glycol ether with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as its main component.
2. Use:
Ethoxydiglycol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients and to improve the texture and consistency of products. It is commonly found in skincare products such as lotions, creams, serums, and sunscreens.
3. Usage Ethoxydiglycol:
Ethoxydiglycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 10%. However, it is important to note that some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing ethoxydiglycol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Ethoxydiglycol." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethoxydiglycol.
- "Ethoxydiglycol." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/ethoxydiglycol/.
- "Ethoxydiglycol." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethoxydiglycol.
Function: Antimicrobial, Antidandruff Agent
1. Definition Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is a natural preservative derived from the fermentation of radish roots by the bacterium Leuconostoc kimchii. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives.
2. Use:
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeast, and mold. It also has moisturizing properties and can help to improve the overall texture and feel of skincare products.
3. Usage Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate:
When using products containing Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and storage. It is generally safe for use in skincare products, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Alves, A., et al. (2016). Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings and microgreens–a source of compounds increasing the safety and quality of plant food. Food Chemistry, 213, 286-295.
- Clardy, J., et al. (2013). Leuconostoc kimchii sp. nov., a new species from kimchi. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 63(5), 1960-1966.
- Kim, S. H., et al. (2018). Antimicrobial effect of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Science, 83(1), 180-186.
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Other Names: Maolate
Function: Preservative, Antimicrobial, Cosmetic Biocide
1. Definition Chlorphenesin:
Chlorphenesin is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a preservative and antiseptic agent. It is a white crystalline powder with a mild, pleasant odor.
2. Use:
Chlorphenesin is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various personal care products. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of harmful organisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Chlorphenesin:
Chlorphenesin is typically found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and recommended concentrations. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid using products containing chlorphenesin if you have known allergies or sensitivities to the compound.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of chlorphenesin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26 Suppl 3:61-72. doi: 10.1080/10915810701663150.
- Personal Care Products Council. Safety Assessment of Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics. 2013. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr126.pdf.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. 2019. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.822.
