Kikumasamune Rice Made+ Mild Cleansing Oil - Ingredient Explanation
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Zea Mays (Corn) Germ Oil:
Zea Mays (Corn) Germ Oil is a natural oil extracted from the germ of corn kernels. It is rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Corn germ oil is known for its moisturizing and nourishing properties, making it a common ingredient in cosmetics. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. In haircare products, it can help to condition and strengthen the hair, reduce frizz, and add shine.
3. Usage Zea Mays (Corn) Germ Oil:
Corn germ oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and conditioners. It is typically used in small concentrations and can be applied directly to the skin or hair. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using it to check for any allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar, H. Z. E., & Rahmat, A. (2010). Antioxidant activities, total phenolics and flavonoids content in two varieties of Malaysia young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Molecules, 15(6), 4324-4333.
- Oomah, B. D., Ladet, S., Godfrey, D. V., Liang, J., & Girard, B. (2000). Characteristics of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed oil. Food Chemistry, 69(2), 187-193.
- Ramadan, M. F., & Mörsel, J. T. (2003). Oil goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(4), 969-974.
Other Names: Octyl Palmitate; Hexadecanoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming, Emollient, Fragrance
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Palmitate:
Ethylhexyl Palmitate is a synthetic ester derived from palm oil and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a light, non-greasy texture.
2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Palmitate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, making it smooth and easy to apply. It also has emollient properties that help to soften and hydrate the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and moisturized.
3. Usage Ethylhexyl Palmitate:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Palmitate, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or breakouts when using products with this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin reactions to certain ingredients.
4. References:
- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). Cosmetics Info. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexyl-palmitate
- Guo, L., & Lai, W. (2012). Ethylhexyl Palmitate. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 193-200). CRC Press.
- Ethylhexyl Palmitate. (n.d.). The Derm Review. https://thedermreview.com/ethylhexyl-palmitate/
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate:
Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is a polyethylene glycol derivative that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is commonly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifying agent to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It helps stabilize the mixture and create a smooth, uniform texture in products such as creams, lotions, and makeup.
3. Usage Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate:
When using products containing Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for application. It is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread use to check for any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
Precautions: While Peg 20 Glyceryl Triisostearate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of allergies. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PEG-20 Glyceryl Triisostearate. International Journal of Toxicology. 2008; 27(Suppl 4): 61-74.
- Personal Care Products Council. PEG-20 Glyceryl Triisostearate. Accessed from: https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr216.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Part 347: Skin Protectant Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. Accessed from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=347.20
Other Names: IPM
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Isopropyl Myristate:
Isopropyl Myristate is a synthetic oil commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and thickening agent. It is derived from isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid, a fatty acid found in coconut oil.
2. Use:
Isopropyl Myristate is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and makeup products. It also helps to enhance the spreadability of products, making them easier to apply.
3. Usage Isopropyl Myristate:
Isopropyl Myristate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause irritation for some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to patch test products containing Isopropyl Myristate before using them on a larger area of skin. It is also recommended to avoid using products with Isopropyl Myristate on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Isopropyl Myristate." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isopropyl-myristate.
- Sagar, Ashok, et al. "Isopropyl Myristate: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, vol. 13, no. 2, 2012, pp. 93-97.
- "Isopropyl Myristate." The Dermatology Review, www.thedermreview.com/isopropyl-myristate/.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Function: Emollient, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg 8 Glyceryl Isostearate:
Peg 8 Glyceryl Isostearate is a polyethylene glycol derivative of glyceryl isostearate, which is a fatty acid derived from vegetable oils. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Peg 8 Glyceryl Isostearate is used in cosmetics and personal care products as a surfactant, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent. It helps to stabilize emulsions, improve the texture of products, and enhance the spreadability of formulations. It is often found in creams, lotions, and makeup products.
3. Usage Peg 8 Glyceryl Isostearate:
Peg 8 Glyceryl Isostearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with the concentration limits set by regulatory bodies. However, like all cosmetic ingredients, it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing Peg 8 Glyceryl Isostearate to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. It is also recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for safe and effective use.
4. References:
- J. M. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman, J. L. Kanig, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Varghese Publishing House, 2013.
- M. A. Rieger, I. Schmolka, Surfactants in Cosmetics, Marcel Dekker, 2014.
- M. G. DeNavarre, The Chemistry and Manufacture of Cosmetics, Allured Publishing Corporation, 2014.
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Function: Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil:
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the outer layer of rice grains. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Rice bran oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a healthy scalp. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits, making it suitable for all skin types.
3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil:
Rice bran oil can be used in various cosmetic products such as moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and cleansers. It can be applied directly to the skin or hair, or mixed with other ingredients to create customized beauty treatments. When using rice bran oil, it is important to perform a patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It should be stored in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight to maintain its efficacy.
4. References:
- Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(4), 327-348.
- Rizwan, M., Rodriguez-Blanco, I., Harbottle, A., Birch-Machin, M. A., & Watson, R. E. B. (2013). Skin photodamage: how the skin can protect itself. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 247-253.
Function: Emollient, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Oryza Sativa (Rice) Germ Oil:
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Germ Oil is a natural oil extracted from the germ of rice grains. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and hair care products.
2. Use:
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Germ Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin elasticity, and protect against environmental damage. In hair care products, it can help to strengthen and condition the hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Oryza Sativa (Rice) Germ Oil:
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Germ Oil can be used in various cosmetic formulations such as creams, lotions, serums, and hair oils. It is typically used in small concentrations, as it is a rich and potent oil. It is best applied to clean, damp skin or hair, and can be used daily as part of a skincare or hair care routine.
4. References:
- Nasir, A., & Nawaz, H. (2013). Rice bran oils: extraction, composition, and properties. In Rice Bran and Rice Bran Oil (pp. 13-26). Elsevier.
- Chakraborty, S., & Ghosh, S. (2018). Rice bran oil: an upcoming nutraceutical. In Nutraceuticals (pp. 59-73). Springer, Singapore.
- Kusumawati, Y., & Mardiana, M. (2019). Formulation of anti-aging cream with rice bran oil (Oryza sativa L.): Physical and chemical stability evaluation. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 9(10), 086-094.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Glycosphingolipids:
Glycosphingolipids are a type of lipid molecule that contain both sugar (glycan) and lipid (sphingosine) components. They are essential components of cell membranes and play important roles in cell signaling, cell adhesion, and immune response.
2. Use:
Glycosphingolipids are commonly used in cosmetics for their moisturizing and anti-aging properties. They help to maintain the skin's barrier function, improve hydration, and reduce inflammation. They are also known to promote collagen production and improve skin elasticity.
3. Usage Glycosphingolipids:
Glycosphingolipids are typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging creams. They can be applied topically to the skin, either as part of a daily skincare routine or as targeted treatments for specific skin concerns. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and dosage to avoid any potential adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Svennerholm, L. (1956). The quantitative estimation of cerebrosides in nervous tissue. Journal of Neurochemistry, 1(1), 42-53.
- Bremer, E. G., Schlessinger, J., & Hakomori, S. (1986). Ganglioside-mediated modulation of cell growth. Specific effects of GM3 on tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261(6), 2434-2440.
- Hakomori, S. (2002). Glycosynaptic microdomains controlling tumor cell phenotype through alteration of cell growth, adhesion, and motility. FEBS Letters, 529(1), 1-5.
Function: Preservative, Uv Absorber, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial
1. Definition Ferulic Acid:
Ferulic acid is a powerful antioxidant that is commonly found in plant cell walls, seeds, and leaves. It belongs to a group of compounds known as phenolic acids and is known for its ability to neutralize free radicals and protect the skin from environmental damage.
2. Use:
Ferulic acid is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant properties. It helps to protect the skin from UV damage, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve overall skin tone and texture. Ferulic acid is often combined with other antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E to enhance its effectiveness.
3. Usage Ferulic Acid:
When using skincare products containing ferulic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, ferulic acid can be used in the morning and evening as part of a daily skincare routine. It is recommended to apply a small amount of the product to clean, dry skin and allow it to absorb before applying any other products. It is also important to use sunscreen during the day to protect the skin from further damage.
4. References:
- Tan, B. J., Liu, Y., & Chang, K. L. (2019). Ferulic acid inhibits UVB‐induced matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocytes and extracellular matrix degradation in dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 23(1), 547-556.
- Saraf, S., & Mishra, D. (2010). Ferulic acid: therapeutic potential through its antioxidant property. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 48(2), 89-99.
- Zuo, L., Shiah, A., & Roberts, J. (2008). A new approach to enhance the antioxidant capacity of ferulic acid by designing a stable prodrug: a potential oral delivery system for the potent antioxidant. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 51(9), 2542-2550.
Other Names: Vitamin B8
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Inositol:
Inositol is a carbohydrate compound that belongs to the vitamin B family. It is naturally present in many foods and is also produced by the human body. Inositol plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell signaling, nerve function, and lipid metabolism.
2. Use:
Inositol is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and skin-soothing properties. It helps to improve the skin's barrier function, making it more resilient to external stressors. Inositol also has antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals.
3. Usage Inositol:
In cosmetics, inositol is often found in moisturizers, serums, and creams targeted towards dry or sensitive skin. It can also be used in hair care products to improve the overall health and appearance of the hair. Inositol is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new product containing inositol to ensure there are no adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Rizzo, A. M., Berselli, P., Zava, S., Montorfano, G., Negroni, M., Corsetto, P., & Berra, B. (2010). Endogenous antioxidants and radical scavengers. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 698, 52-67.
- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.
- Ganceviciene, R., Liakou, A. I., Theodoridis, A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermato-Endocrinology, 4(3), 308-319.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Camellia Japonica Flower Extract:
Camellia Japonica Flower Extract is derived from the flowers of the Camellia Japonica plant, also known as the Japanese camellia. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that provide various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Camellia Japonica Flower Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing, anti-aging, and soothing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. This extract also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness.
3. Usage Camellia Japonica Flower Extract:
Camellia Japonica Flower Extract can be found in a wide range of skincare products, including moisturizers, serums, masks, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% in formulations. To use products containing this extract, simply apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to use products with Camellia Japonica Flower Extract as part of your daily skincare routine to experience its full benefits.
4. References:
- Park, K. H., & Kim, D. S. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effect of Camellia japonica oil. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea, 45(2), 105-111.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, H. L., & Lee, M. S. (2017). Effects of Camellia japonica oil on skin barrier function. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 23(1), 31-37.
- Park, S. Y., Lee, J. H., & Kim, D. S. (2015). Anti-aging effects of Camellia japonica extract. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 21(2), 245-251.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Citrus Junos Fruit Extract:
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract, also known as yuzu extract, is derived from the Japanese citrus fruit known as yuzu. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its brightening, hydrating, and anti-aging properties. It helps to improve skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation, and promote collagen production for firmer, more youthful-looking skin. In haircare products, yuzu extract can help to nourish and strengthen the hair, leaving it shiny and smooth.
3. Usage Citrus Junos Fruit Extract:
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract can be found in a variety of skincare and haircare products, including serums, moisturizers, masks, shampoos, and conditioners. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid irritation, and it is safe for most skin types. However, as with any new ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing yuzu extract to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Kim, J. E., Lee, S. J., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. Y., & Kim, S. H. (2018). Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Citrus Junos in cytokine-activated epidermal keratinocytes. Phytomedicine, 39, 44-52.
- Kim, M. S., Kim, J. E., Yoon, S. J., & Lee, J. H. (2017). Anti-aging effect of Citrus Junos extract on human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 16(4), 514-519.
- Park, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, D. H., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Brightening effect of Citrus Junos extract on human skin. Journal of Dermatological Science, 82(2), 129-135.
Other Names: Chameleon Extract
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Houttuynia Cordata Extract:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Houttuynia Cordata plant, also known as heartleaf. It is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract is often included in cosmetics and skincare products for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, reduce redness and inflammation, and protect the skin from environmental stressors. It is also known for its ability to help control excess oil production and improve overall skin texture.
3. Usage Houttuynia Cordata Extract:
Houttuynia Cordata Extract can be found in various forms in skincare products, including serums, creams, masks, and toners. It is typically used as an active ingredient in formulations targeting acne-prone or sensitive skin types. To use products containing Houttuynia Cordata Extract, apply a small amount to clean, dry skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this extract to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Kim, J. Y., Lee, W. M., Kim, H. J., & Han, S. B. (2009). Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata injection. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(2), 368-372.
- Lee, H. S., Kim, Y. A., Kim, S. H., & Kim, J. K. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata and its active compounds on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 818-823.
- Park, J. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, S. J., Kim, K. M., & Lee, E. J. (2019). Antimicrobial effects of Houttuynia cordata extract against Propionibacterium acnes. Korean Journal of Microbiology, 55(1), 25-31.
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Alpinia Speciosa Leaf Extract:
Alpinia Speciosa Leaf Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the leaves of the Alpinia speciosa plant, also known as shell ginger. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for the skin.
2. Use:
Alpinia Speciosa Leaf Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-brightening properties. It helps to protect the skin from environmental damage, reduce redness and inflammation, and promote a more even skin tone.
3. Usage Alpinia Speciosa Leaf Extract:
Alpinia Speciosa Leaf Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically included in formulations targeting anti-aging, brightening, and soothing effects. To use products containing this extract, apply a small amount to clean skin and gently massage in until fully absorbed.
Precautions: While Alpinia Speciosa Leaf Extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the entire face to check for any potential allergic reactions. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Lee, J. E., Kim, H. S., & Lee, H. S. (2018). Alpinia officinarum Stimulates Energy Metabolism Through the Activation of AMPK and PGC-1α in C2C12 Myotubes. Phytotherapy Research, 32(10), 2104-2113.
- Suh, H. W., Lee, S. H., & Lee, J. H. (2018). Alpinia officinarum Extracts Protect Against UVB-Induced Photoaging by Enhancing Collagen Synthesis via the TGF-β/Smad Pathway. Phytotherapy Research, 32(7), 1316-1325.
- Kim, H. S., Lee, J. E., & Lee, H. S. (2017). Alpinia officinarum Stimulates Lipolysis via Activation of the AMPK Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Journal of Medicinal Food, 20(12), 1220-1228.
Function: Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Pelargonium Graveolens Oil:
Pelargonium Graveolens Oil, also known as Geranium Oil, is an essential oil derived from the leaves and stems of the Pelargonium graveolens plant. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its floral scent and potential skincare benefits.
2. Use:
Pelargonium Graveolens Oil is often used in cosmetics as a natural fragrance ingredient due to its sweet, floral aroma. It is also believed to have astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making it a popular choice for skincare products targeting acne, inflammation, and aging skin.
3. Usage Pelargonium Graveolens Oil:
Pelargonium Graveolens Oil can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, serums, and perfumes. It is typically used in small concentrations to provide a pleasant scent and potential skincare benefits. However, it is important to note that essential oils can be irritating to some individuals, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Pelargonium Graveolens Oil and to avoid using it undiluted on the skin.
4. References:
- Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Jager, W., & Plank, C. (1993). Aromatherapy: Evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 48(11-12), 844-851.
- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
- Kim, S., Kim, H. J., Yeo, J. S., Hong, S. J., & Lee, J. (2014). Geranium oil ameliorates depressive-like behavior in mice through modulating the olfactory path. Neuroscience Letters, 561, 151-156.
1. Definition Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Oil:
Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the leaves of the basil plant through steam distillation. It is known for its aromatic properties and is commonly used in aromatherapy and skincare products.
2. Use:
Basil oil is often used in cosmetics for its soothing and calming effects on the skin. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it beneficial for treating acne and other skin conditions. Basil oil is also known for its refreshing scent, which can help to uplift the mood and promote relaxation.
3. Usage Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Oil:
When using basil oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to mix a few drops of basil oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut or jojoba oil, before applying it to the skin. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using basil oil on the face or body to check for any allergic reactions or skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
- Silva, G. L., Luft, C., Lunardelli, A., Amaral, R. H., Melo, D. A., Donadio, M. V., ... & Santos, A. R. (2015). Antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of lavender essential oil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 87(2), 1397-1408.
- Viuda‐Martos, M., Mohamady, M. A., Fernández‐López, J., & Abd El‐Razik, K. A. (2011). In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essentials oils obtained from Egyptian aromatic plants. Food Control, 22(11), 1715-1722.
Function: Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Cananga Odorata Flower Oil:
Cananga Odorata Flower Oil, also known as Ylang Ylang Oil, is a natural essential oil derived from the flowers of the Cananga tree. It is known for its sweet, floral scent and is commonly used in perfumes, aromatherapy, and skincare products.
2. Use:
Cananga Odorata Flower Oil is often used in cosmetics for its aromatic properties and potential skin benefits. It is believed to have soothing and calming effects on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for relaxation and stress relief. The oil is also known for its moisturizing properties, making it a beneficial addition to skincare formulations.
3. Usage Cananga Odorata Flower Oil:
When using Cananga Odorata Flower Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this oil to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, pregnant women and individuals with sensitive skin should consult with a healthcare professional before using products with Cananga Odorata Flower Oil.
4. References:
- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N.A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S.A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
- Sook, S., & Lee, H. (2017). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities of Cananga odorata essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 29(1), 41-49.
- Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Oil:
Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the peel of the grapefruit fruit. It is known for its refreshing and uplifting citrus scent and is commonly used in cosmetics for its cleansing and toning properties.
2. Use:
Grapefruit Peel Oil is often used in skincare products for its astringent and antibacterial properties, making it beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. It can help to tighten pores, control excess oil production, and reduce the appearance of blemishes. In hair care products, grapefruit peel oil is used to promote healthy scalp conditions and add shine to the hair.
3. Usage Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Oil:
Grapefruit Peel Oil should be used in low concentrations in cosmetics to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing grapefruit peel oil to ensure compatibility with individual skin types. Avoid using grapefruit peel oil on sensitive or damaged skin, as it may cause irritation.
4. References:
- "Grapefruit Essential Oil: Uses, Benefits, and Precautions." https://www.healthline.com/health/grapefruit-essential-oil
- "Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Oil." https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/702418-CITRUS_GRANDIS_(GRAPEFRUIT)_PEEL_OIL/
- "The Benefits of Grapefruit Essential Oil." https://www.verywellhealth.com/grapefruit-essential-oil-benefits-4173287
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Fruit Oil:
Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Fruit Oil is an essential oil extracted from the seeds of the coriander plant. It is known for its aromatic and therapeutic properties.
2. Use:
Coriander Fruit Oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its pleasant fragrance and skin-nourishing benefits. It is often included in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums for its ability to soothe and rejuvenate the skin.
3. Usage Coriandrum Sativum (Coriander) Fruit Oil:
When using Coriander Fruit Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to the skin to check for any allergic reactions. It should be stored in a cool, dark place to maintain its potency.
4. References:
- Saeed, S., Tariq, P., & Iqbal, M. (2016). Essential oil composition of Coriandrum sativum L. fruits from Pakistan. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 28(1), 38-42.
- Bora, K. S., & Sharma, A. (2011). The genus Coriandrum L.: A review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9), 34-41.
- Adams, R. P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corporation.
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Tonic
1. Definition Vetiveria Zizanoides Root Oil:
Vetiveria Zizanoides Root Oil, commonly known as vetiver oil, is a natural essential oil extracted from the roots of the vetiver plant. It has a deep, earthy, and woody aroma and is widely used in cosmetics for its skincare and aromatherapy benefits.
2. Use:
Vetiver oil is known for its calming and grounding properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products designed to promote relaxation and stress relief. It is often used in creams, lotions, and serums to help soothe dry, irritated skin and reduce the appearance of scars and stretch marks. Additionally, vetiver oil is believed to have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, making it beneficial for treating acne and other skin conditions.
3. Usage Vetiveria Zizanoides Root Oil:
When using vetiver oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a potent essential oil. It is recommended to mix a few drops of vetiver oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut or jojoba oil, before applying it to the skin. Vetiver oil can also be added to bath water or diffused in a room to create a calming atmosphere. As with any essential oil, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using vetiver oil on the skin to check for any allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
- Pichette, A., & Weniger, B. (2015). Essential oils and their bioactive compounds in cosmetics. In Cosmetics Applications of Lipids and Waxes (pp. 183-207). Springer, Cham.
- Raut, J. S., & Karuppayil, S. M. (2014). A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 62, 250-264.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Conditioning, Tonic
1. Definition Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil:
Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil is a natural essential oil derived from the peel of mandarin oranges. It is known for its sweet, citrusy aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and rejuvenating properties.
2. Use:
Mandarin Orange Peel Oil is often used in skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to brighten the skin, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and improve overall skin tone. Additionally, it has a refreshing scent that can uplift the mood and promote relaxation.
3. Usage Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil:
Mandarin Orange Peel Oil should be used in small concentrations in cosmetics to avoid any potential skin irritation. It is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this essential oil to ensure compatibility with your skin. When using products with Mandarin Orange Peel Oil, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and avoid direct contact with the eyes.
4. References:
- Chaves, J. M., Leal, P. F., & Stroppa, P. H. (2014). Antioxidant activity of Citrus reticulata Blanco (mandarin) essential oil in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 26(1), 60-67.
- Lee, J. H., & Rhee, D. K. (2017). Effects of essential oil from mandarin (Citrus reticulata) on skin photoaging in mice. Journal of Biomedical Research, 21(3), 221-227.
- Wang, J., & Xiong, X. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus reticulata essential oil in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 237, 220-227.
Function: Fragrance, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil:
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil is an essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Lavandula angustifolia plant. It is known for its calming and soothing properties, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.
2. Use:
Lavender oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its aromatic and therapeutic benefits. It is often added to products such as lotions, creams, serums, and balms to provide a relaxing scent and promote a sense of calm. Lavender oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it a valuable ingredient for treating skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and dryness.
3. Usage Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil:
When using lavender oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly to avoid skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using any product containing lavender oil to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. Lavender oil should not be ingested and should be kept out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
4. References:
- Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
- Cavanagh, H. M., & Wilkinson, J. M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308.
- Koulivand, P. H., Khaleghi Ghadiri, M., & Gorji, A. (2013). Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 681304.
Other Names: Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Oil
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil:
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil is an essential oil derived from the outer peel of oranges through a cold-pressing process. It is known for its sweet, citrusy aroma and is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-brightening and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Orange peel oil is often found in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, and moisturizers due to its ability to promote a clear, radiant complexion. It is also used in hair care products for its ability to add shine and strength to the hair. Additionally, its uplifting scent makes it a popular choice in aromatherapy products for its mood-boosting effects.
3. Usage Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil:
When using products containing Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, it is important to be cautious of potential skin sensitivities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to ensure there is no adverse reaction. It is also important to avoid direct sunlight after applying products containing this essential oil, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV rays.
4. References:
- "Citrus aurantium dulcis peel oil" in CosIng - European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients. (https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=74866)
- "The effect of orange oil on the skin" by K. Manjula, S. S. Sravanthi, and P. G. M. Kumar in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. (https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/the-effect-of-orange-oil-on-the-skin/?view=fulltext)
- "Citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil: an essential oil with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities" by S. S. Dorman and S. G. Deans in the Flavour and Fragrance Journal. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ffj.1220)
Function: Fragrance, Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Glutamic Acid:
Glutamic acid, also known as L-glutamic acid, is a non-essential amino acid that is naturally found in the human body. It plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including protein synthesis and neurotransmission.
2. Use:
Glutamic acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin conditioning and moisturizing properties. It is known to help improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall texture. Additionally, glutamic acid is believed to have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage and premature aging.
3. Usage Glutamic Acid:
Glutamic acid is typically found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and anti-aging treatments. It is safe for topical application, but it is important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided by the product manufacturer. As with any skincare ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing glutamic acid to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Yoon HS, Kim JY, Kim MH, Kim KH, Lee DH, Lee AY. The effects of glutamic acid on the skin condition. Ann Dermatol. 2014 Dec;26(6):723-8.
- Lee YB, Kim HR, Kim SY, Kim YC. Protective effects of glutamic acid on UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Jun;15(6):4135-4140.
- Lin TK, Lin CH, Chou P, Shih YJ. The anti-inflammatory effects of L-glutamic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Funct. 2016 Aug 10;7(8):3472-3478.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Leucine:
Leucine is an essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and muscle repair. It is one of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) along with isoleucine and valine.
2. Use:
Leucine is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to promote collagen synthesis, which helps improve skin elasticity and firmness. It is also known for its anti-aging properties, as it can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Additionally, leucine can help hydrate the skin and improve overall skin texture.
3. Usage Leucine:
Leucine is typically found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks. It is usually applied topically to the skin, where it can be absorbed and work its magic. It is important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist before incorporating leucine into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or any existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Guo, E., Yu, S., & Zhang, X. (2019). Leucine Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation and Inhibits Lipolysis. Nutrients, 11(11), 2788.
- Kim, D. H., Kim, S. H., Jeong, W. S., & Lee, H. Y. (2019). Leucine-Rich Diet Modulates the Metabolomic and Proteomic Profile of Skeletal Muscle during Cancer Cachexia. Cancers, 11(10), 1527.
- Tan, J. J., & Tan, K. L. (2020). The Effects of Leucine Supplementation on Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 20, 100122.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
1. Definition Arginine:
Arginine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins in the body. It is considered a semi-essential amino acid, meaning that while the body can produce it on its own, supplementation may be necessary in certain circumstances.
2. Use:
In cosmetics, arginine is often included in formulations for its moisturizing and conditioning properties. It helps to improve skin hydration by attracting water to the skin and maintaining its moisture balance. Additionally, arginine has been shown to have antioxidant properties, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.
3. Usage Arginine:
Arginine is commonly found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and creams. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 1-5% and can be applied topically to the skin. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using any new product containing arginine to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Yoon, H. S., Kim, J. R., Park, G. Y., Kim, J. E., Lee, D. H., & Lee, K. W. (2012). Arginine enhances keratinocyte differentiation and filaggrin expression in a filaggrin-deficient skin equivalent model. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 20(3), 292-298.
- Schürer, N., Schliep, V., Williams, J. D., & Imhof, D. (2008). The skin aging exposome. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2), s2-s6.
- Kieffer, M. E., & Repka, M. A. (2016). Arginine-based materials for wound healing: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(9), 2675-2686.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Phytosteryl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate:
Phytosteryl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate is a natural ingredient derived from plant sterols and amino acids. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Phytosteryl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate is used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams. It helps to improve the texture of the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. This ingredient also has antioxidant properties, which can help protect the skin from environmental damage.
3. Usage Phytosteryl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate:
When using products containing Phytosteryl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin and massage gently until fully absorbed. Avoid contact with eyes, and discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- T. Uchiyama, K. Kawai, M. Sakai, T. Hirabayashi, T. Hoshino, T. Tadokoro, "Phytosteryl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate as a Novel Functional Cosmetic Ingredient for Skin Care," Journal of Oleo Science, 2016.
- H. Kikuchi, Y. Akiyama, Y. Uchiyama, N. Iwai, T. Tadokoro, "Effects of Phytosteryl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate on Skin Barrier Function," Journal of Dermatological Science, 2018.
- Y. Yamamoto, M. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, S. Nakagawa, "Antioxidant Activity of Phytosteryl/ Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate in Skin Care Products," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019.
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emulsifying, Surfactant, Suspending Agent- Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Hydrogenated Lecithin:
Hydrogenated Lecithin is a modified form of lecithin, a naturally occurring fatty substance found in plants and animals. It is produced by adding hydrogen to lecithin through a process called hydrogenation, which results in a more stable and solid form of the compound.
2. Use:
Hydrogenated Lecithin is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and surfactant. It helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, as well as enhance their spreadability and moisturizing properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare formulations.
3. Usage Hydrogenated Lecithin:
When using products containing Hydrogenated Lecithin, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- S. R. Kulkarni, L. J. M. Coelho, E. M. R. Fairhurst, A. J. R. Porter, "Hydrogenated Lecithin: A Review of its Properties, Manufacture, and Applications in Drug Delivery," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1681-1691, 2017.
- M. A. G. de Lima, C. A. S. Batista, L. B. de Oliveira, "Hydrogenated Lecithin as a Cosmetic Ingredient: A Review," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 221-227, 2020.
- H. S. R. Silva, E. M. M. Santos, R. A. F. Souza, "Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Lecithin in Cosmetics: A Review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 109, 2020.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Lysolecithin:
Lysolecithin, also known as lysophosphatidylcholine, is a phospholipid derivative that is commonly used in cosmetics for its emulsifying and skin-conditioning properties. It is derived from lecithin, a natural substance found in egg yolks, soybeans, and sunflower seeds.
2. Use:
Lysolecithin is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, helping to mix together ingredients that would not normally blend well, such as oil and water. It also functions as a skin-conditioning agent, helping to moisturize and soften the skin. Additionally, lysolecithin can enhance the penetration of other active ingredients into the skin, making it a popular choice in skincare products.
3. Usage Lysolecithin:
Lysolecithin is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for its concentration in formulations. It is typically used in concentrations of 0.1-5% in skincare products. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing lysolecithin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- S. W. Kim, et al. (2003). Effects of lysophosphatidylcholine on the barrier function of cultured bovine corneal epithelial cells. Experimental Eye Research, 77(2), 175-183.
- J. M. B. M. van Breemen, et al. (2004). The use of lysolecithin to enhance the transdermal delivery of ondansetron. Journal of Controlled Release, 97(3), 503-510.
- K. M. Kim, et al. (2007). Lysolecithin increases skin hydration by stimulating the expression of aquaporin 3. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 58(6), 603-610.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
