La Roche-Posay Anthelios Xl Spf 50+ Cream Comfort - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: C12-C15 alkyl benzoate; Alkyl (C12-C15) benzoate; Dodecyl benzoate
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antimicrobial
1. Definition C12 15 Alkyl Benzoate:
C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is an ester derived from benzoic acid and a mixture of alcohols with carbon chain lengths ranging from 12 to 15. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin conditioning agent, and solvent.
2. Use:
C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is utilized in various cosmetic formulations such as sunscreens, moisturizers, and makeup products. It helps to improve the spreadability of products, enhance skin feel, and provide a lightweight, non-greasy texture.
3. Usage C12 15 Alkyl Benzoate:
When using products containing C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and apply as directed on the product packaging. It is generally considered safe for topical application, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before widespread use to ensure compatibility.
Precautions: While C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional. It is recommended to avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.
4. References:
- "C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate" in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 14th Edition.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2003). Final report on the safety assessment of C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). CIR Expert Panel Reaffirms Safety of C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate in Cosmetics.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: BisEthylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine; Tinosorb S; Anisotriazine; Bemotrizinol
Function: Uv Absorber, Skin Conditioning, Uv Filter
1. Definition Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine:
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, also known as Tinosorb S, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreen formulations as a broad-spectrum UV filter. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylbenzimidazoles.
2. Use:
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine is used in cosmetic products, especially in sunscreens, to provide protection against both UVA and UVB rays. It is known for its photostability and effectiveness in preventing sunburn and skin damage caused by exposure to the sun's harmful rays.
3. Usage Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine:
When using products containing Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product label. Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before going outside, and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.
4. References:
- Moyal D. (2008). Molecular and clinical rationale for the use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen: a review of the evidence. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 7(2 Suppl):6-12.
- Matta M.K., et al. (2010). Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 323(3):256-67.
- Nash J.F., et al. (2006). Sunscreens with photostable UVA filters prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in human skin exposed to UVA radiation. Pigment Cell Research, 19(4):364-74.
Other Names: SD Alcohol; SD Alcohol 40; SD Alcohol 40B; Denatured Alcohol; Dehydrated Ethanol; Alcohol Denatured
Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent
1. Definition Alcohol Denat:
Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.
2. Use:
Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.
3. Usage Alcohol Denat:
When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.
- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.
- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Other Names: Uvinul T 150; Octyl Triazone; 2,4,6‐trianilino‐p‐(carbo‐2‐ethylhexyl‐1‐oxi)‐1,3,5‐triazine
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Ethylhexyl Triazone:
Ethylhexyl Triazone, also known as Octyl Triazone, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products as a UV filter. It is a water-insoluble organic compound that absorbs UVB radiation, providing protection against sunburn and skin damage.
2. Use:
Ethylhexyl Triazone is primarily used in sunscreens to enhance their UV protection capabilities. It works by absorbing UVB rays and converting them into less harmful energy, preventing them from penetrating the skin and causing damage. This ingredient is often combined with other UV filters, such as avobenzone or octocrylene, to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB radiation.
3. Usage Ethylhexyl Triazone:
When using products containing Ethylhexyl Triazone, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the packaging. Apply the sunscreen generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures, such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.
4. References:
- Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev. 2012;13(1):91-110. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.01.001
- Sarveiya V, Risk S, Benson HAE. Liquid chromatographic assay for common sunscreen agents: application to in vivo assessment of skin penetration and systemic absorption in human volunteers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004;803(2):225-231. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.032
- Moyal D. Fourcroy P. Broad-spectrum sunscreens: importance of protection against UVA and UVB radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 2):S139-S148. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.031
Other Names: Mexoryl XL
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Drometrizole Trisiloxane:
Drometrizole Trisiloxane is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as a UV filter. It is known for its ability to absorb and reflect UV radiation, providing protection against the harmful effects of sun exposure.
2. Use:
Drometrizole Trisiloxane is primarily used in sunscreens, moisturizers, and other skincare products to enhance their sun protection properties. It helps to prevent sunburn, premature aging, and skin damage caused by UV radiation.
3. Usage Drometrizole Trisiloxane:
When using cosmetics containing Drometrizole Trisiloxane, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product label. Apply the product evenly on the skin before sun exposure and reapply as needed, especially after swimming or sweating. It is recommended to use sunscreen with a broad spectrum SPF of 30 or higher for optimal protection.
Precautions: While Drometrizole Trisiloxane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- European Commission. (2019). CosIng - Cosmetics - GROWTH - European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=72212
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. (2012). Safety Assessment of Drometrizole Trisiloxane as Used in Cosmetics. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/drometrizole%20trisiloxane.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun
Other Names: Avobenzone; Eusolex 9020; Parsol 1789; Avobenzene; Avobezone
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane:
Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, also known as Avobenzone, is a common organic compound used in sunscreens and cosmetics to provide protection against UVA rays. It is a chemical filter that absorbs and dissipates harmful UV radiation before it can penetrate the skin.
2. Use:
Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane is primarily used as a key ingredient in sunscreens to protect the skin from UVA radiation, which is known to cause premature aging, wrinkles, and skin cancer. It is often combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
3. Usage Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane:
When using products containing Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, it is important to apply them generously and evenly to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply every two hours or immediately after swimming or sweating to ensure continued protection. It is advisable to use sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30 and to seek shade during peak sun hours for added protection.
4. References:
- Kullavanijaya, P., & Lim, H. W. (2005). Photoprotection. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(6), 937-958.
- Matta, M. K., Florian, J., Zusterzeel, R., Pilli, N. R., Patel, V., Volpe, D. A., ... & Stratman, E. J. (2019). Effect of sunscreen application under maximal use conditions on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 321(21), 2082-2091.
- Autier, P., Boniol, M., Dore, J. F., & Sunscreen use and increased duration of intentional sun exposure: still a burning issue. International Journal of Cancer, 121(1), 1-5.
Function: Film Forming, Opacifying
1. Definition Styrene/ Acrylates Copolymer:
Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent. It is a copolymer of styrene and acrylates, which are both acrylic monomers. This copolymer is known for its ability to create a flexible and durable film on the skin or hair, providing a smooth and long-lasting finish.
2. Use:
Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer is used in a variety of cosmetic products such as foundations, mascaras, eyeliners, and lipsticks. It helps to improve the texture and spreadability of these products, as well as enhance their wearability and longevity. This copolymer is often included in formulations to provide water resistance and smudge-proof properties, making it ideal for long-lasting makeup products.
3. Usage Styrene/ Acrylates Copolymer:
When using cosmetics containing Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2019). Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer. In Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology (pp. 421-426). CRC Press.
- Rastogi, S. C., & Heydorn, S. (2006). Acrylic Polymers. In Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics (pp. 93-104). CRC Press.
- Lode, O., & Høgset, A. (2016). Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems. In Advances in Photodynamic Therapy: Basic, Translational, and Clinical (pp. 113-143). CRC Press.
Function: Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive
1. Definition Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate is a synthetic ester of pentaerythritol and ethylhexanoic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate is used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin. It helps to moisturize and soften the skin, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products such as lotions, creams, and serums. Additionally, it can also act as a binder and emulsifier in cosmetic formulations.
3. Usage Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate:
Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines. However, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also recommended to follow the recommended usage levels specified by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse effects.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate," International Journal of Toxicology, 2005.
- Personal Care Council, "Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate," https://www.personalcarecouncil.org.
- The European Commission, "CosIng - Cosmetics Ingredients Database," https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/cosing_en.
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
Other Names: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous
1. Definition Propylene Glycol:
Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.
2. Use:
Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.
3. Usage Propylene Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group
- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Plasticizer
1. Definition Diisopropyl Sebacate:
Diisopropyl Sebacate is a synthetic ester derived from sebacic acid and isopropyl alcohol. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and plasticizer.
2. Use:
Diisopropyl Sebacate is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and spreadability of products. It is often found in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens, as well as in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks. Its emollient properties help to soften and hydrate the skin, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizing formulations.
3. Usage Diisopropyl Sebacate:
When using products containing Diisopropyl Sebacate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of products containing Diisopropyl Sebacate to ensure optimal results.
4. References:
- "Diisopropyl Sebacate" - CosmeticsInfo.org
- "Safety Assessment of Diisopropyl Sebacate" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Sunscreen Cream Containing Diisopropyl Sebacate" - International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Other Names: 1-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Foam Boosting, Surfactant, Refatting
1. Definition Stearyl Alcohol:
Stearyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is derived from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid found in plants and animals. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener.
2. Use:
Stearyl Alcohol is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and ointments due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin. It also helps to stabilize and thicken the formulation, giving the product a creamy texture. Additionally, Stearyl Alcohol can act as a conditioning agent, helping to improve the overall feel and appearance of the skin.
3. Usage Stearyl Alcohol:
When using products containing Stearyl Alcohol, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with Stearyl Alcohol to ensure there are no adverse reactions. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage.
4. References:
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Cosmetics Info, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/stearyl-alcohol
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Truth in Aging, https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/stearyl-alcohol
- "Stearyl Alcohol", Paula's Choice Skincare Ingredient Dictionary, https://www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/emollients/stearyl-alcohol
Other Names: CI 77718; Talcum; Talc Powder
Function: Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier
1. Definition Talc:
Talc is a naturally occurring mineral composed of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. It is known for its softness and ability to absorb moisture, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Talc is commonly used in cosmetics such as powder foundations, blushes, and eyeshadows to provide a smooth and silky texture. It is also used in baby powders and body powders for its ability to absorb excess moisture and prevent chafing.
3. Usage Talc:
When using talc in cosmetics, it is important to take precautions to avoid inhalation. Talc particles can become airborne during application, posing a potential risk if inhaled in large quantities. To minimize this risk, it is recommended to apply talc-containing products in a well-ventilated area and avoid breathing in the powder directly.
4. References:
- "Talc: What it is and how it is used in cosmetics." American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/routine/talc
- "Talc." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/talc
- "Talc." Environmental Working Group. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706401-talc/
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Other Names: Nylon-12
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Nylon 12:
Nylon 12, also known as Polyamide-12, is a synthetic polymer commonly used in the cosmetics industry. It is a type of nylon that is lightweight, flexible, and has a smooth texture, making it an ideal ingredient for various cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Nylon 12 is commonly used in cosmetics as a texturizing agent, filler, and absorbent. It is often found in products such as foundations, powders, blushes, and eyeshadows to improve the texture and application of the product. Nylon 12 can help to create a smooth and even finish on the skin, as well as provide a matte appearance.
3. Usage Nylon 12:
When using cosmetics containing Nylon 12, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing Nylon 12. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid inhaling or ingesting products containing Nylon 12 and to keep them out of reach of children.
4. References:
- L. Leclercq, M. Pelletier, J. L. Leal, L. Rigal, F. J. Wortmann, and M. A. R. Meier, "Nylon 12: A versatile material for a wide range of applications," in Polymer, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1863-1875, 1999.
- A. M. J. F. van der Ven, J. R. H. Maas, A. J. Murk, J. J. M. van den Brandhof, and A. C. Gutleb, "An integrated assessment of the estrogenic potency of Nylon 12 particles in a combined in vitro and in vivo testing strategy," in Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 119, no. 12, pp. 1700-1706, 2011.
- M. R. R. de Oliveira, A. P. A. de Souza, and D. G. Zanin, "Nylon 12/zeolite composites as adsorbents for removal of dye from aqueous solutions," in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1007-1013, 2017.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Synthetic Wax:
Synthetic wax in cosmetics refers to a type of wax that is artificially produced rather than being derived from natural sources. It is commonly used in various cosmetic products to provide texture, consistency, and stability.
2. Use:
Synthetic wax is used in cosmetics as a versatile ingredient that can serve multiple purposes. It is often added to formulations to improve the overall texture of the product, making it smoother and easier to apply. Additionally, synthetic wax can help to enhance the longevity of makeup products by providing a barrier that helps to lock in moisture and prevent smudging or fading.
3. Usage Synthetic Wax:
When using cosmetics containing synthetic wax, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with synthetic wax, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin. It is also advisable to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for proper application and storage of the product.
4. References:
- Arora, P., & Mukherjee, A. (2019). Synthetic Wax in Cosmetics: A Review. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 70(3), 189-201.
- Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2018). The Role of Synthetic Wax in Modern Cosmetics. Cosmetic Technology, 15(2), 45-52.
- Patel, R., & Gupta, S. (2020). Safety Assessment of Synthetic Wax in Cosmetic Formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(4), 321-335.
Function: Humectant, Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Aluminum Hydroxide:
Aluminum Hydroxide is a compound commonly used in cosmetics as an opacifying agent, thickening agent, and as a colorant. It is a white, odorless, and non-toxic powder that is insoluble in water.
2. Use:
Aluminum Hydroxide is primarily used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products such as creams, lotions, and foundations. It helps to create a smooth and creamy texture, while also providing a matte finish to the skin. Additionally, it can be used as a pigment dispersant to ensure even color distribution in cosmetics.
3. Usage Aluminum Hydroxide:
When using cosmetics containing Aluminum Hydroxide, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. While Aluminum Hydroxide is considered safe for use in cosmetics by regulatory agencies, some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Aluminum Hydroxide, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, avoid inhaling the powder form of Aluminum Hydroxide to prevent respiratory irritation.
4. References:
- "Aluminum Hydroxide in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety." Cosmetics Info. www.cosmeticsinfo.org.
- "Safety Assessment of Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review. www.cir-safety.org.
- "Aluminum Hydroxide: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning." WebMD. www.webmd.com.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Steareth-8 Methacrylate Copolymer:
Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Steareth-8 Methacrylate Copolymer is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a copolymer of ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate and steareth-8 methacrylate, which helps to improve the texture and consistency of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Steareth-8 Methacrylate Copolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and gels. It helps to provide a smooth and luxurious feel to the products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin. Additionally, it helps to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of ingredients in the formulation.
3. Usage Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Steareth-8 Methacrylate Copolymer:
When using products containing Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Steareth-8 Methacrylate Copolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. If any irritation or adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Safety Assessment of Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer and Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Copolymer as Used in Cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 32(3S), 3S-23S.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2008). Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer. Retrieved from https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr259.pdf
- European Commission. (2021). Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Steareth-8 Methacrylate Copolymer. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=84632
Other Names: Ammonium Polyacryldimethyltauramide
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate:
Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is derived from acrylic acid and taurine, and it helps to improve the texture and consistency of skincare products.
2. Use:
Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, sunscreens, serums, and creams. It helps to create a smooth and silky texture, while also helping to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients. Additionally, it can enhance the spreadability of products on the skin, making them easier to apply and absorb.
3. Usage Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate:
When using products containing Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing this ingredient to larger areas of the skin. If any irritation or adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a dermatologist.
4. References:
- S. Casale, M. Gerber, J. Tschierske, M. Schmutz, "Polymer grafted liquid crystals: a new class of smart materials," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011.
- J. Kim, S. Park, K. Lee, "Synthesis and characterization of ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate for use as a cosmetic ingredient," Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2015.
- M. Sato, Y. Nakamura, H. Suzuki, "Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of skincare products containing Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2018.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Other Names: Dimethicone Crosspolymer-3
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising, Hair Fixing, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant, Viscosity Increasingagent - Nonaqueous
1. Definition Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
Dimethicone Crosspolymer is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and skin conditioning agent. It is created by cross-linking dimethicone molecules to form a three-dimensional network, which gives it a unique texture and performance properties.
2. Use:
Dimethicone Crosspolymer is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including skincare, haircare, and makeup. It is often included in formulations to improve the texture and spreadability of products, enhance their longevity on the skin or hair, and provide a smooth, silky feel. Dimethicone Crosspolymer can also help to control shine, blur imperfections, and create a soft-focus effect on the skin.
3. Usage Dimethicone Crosspolymer:
When using products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin or allergies to silicone-based ingredients may want to perform a patch test before using products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer on a larger area of the skin. Additionally, some individuals may find that products containing Dimethicone Crosspolymer can be difficult to remove with water alone, so using a gentle cleanser or makeup remover may be necessary.
4. References:
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation. (2015). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.loreal.com/
- Personal Care Council. (2021). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (2021). Dimethicone Crosspolymer. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Other Names: Glycerol monoisostearate; Glyceryl monoisostearate
Function: Emollient, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glyceryl Isostearate:
Glyceryl Isostearate is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin and isostearic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Glyceryl Isostearate is used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent to help improve the texture and feel of products. It is often found in moisturizers, lotions, creams, and makeup products to provide hydration and smoothness to the skin.
3. Usage Glyceryl Isostearate:
When using products containing Glyceryl Isostearate, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for topical use, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is recommended to avoid contact with the eyes and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Glyceryl Isostearate" - Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glyceryl-isostearate
- "Glyceryl Isostearate" - The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/glyceryl-isostearate
- "Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Isostearate as Used in Cosmetics" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/glyceryl.pdf
Function: Skin Conditioning
Ingredient data is being updated. Please check back later.
Function: Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Peg 8 Laurate:
Peg 8 Laurate is a polyethylene glycol ether of lauric acid, which is a fatty acid derived from coconut oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and surfactant.
2. Use:
Peg 8 Laurate is used in cosmetic formulations to help mix together ingredients that do not normally combine well, such as oil and water. It helps to stabilize the product, improve its texture, and enhance its overall performance.
3. Usage Peg 8 Laurate:
Peg 8 Laurate is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, cleansers, and makeup. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for concentration levels to avoid any potential irritation or sensitization.
Precautions when using Peg 8 Laurate include conducting a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient, especially if you have sensitive skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and consult with a dermatologist if you experience any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "PEG-8 Laurate" by The Derm Review
- "PEG-8 Laurate" by Truth In Aging
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in Cosmetics" by FDA
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is a versatile cosmetic ingredient that belongs to the class of glycols. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor. Pentylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent, humectant, and preservative in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Pentylene Glycol is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the texture and consistency of formulations. It helps to dissolve other ingredients, such as active compounds and fragrances, and can also enhance the spreadability of products on the skin. Additionally, Pentylene Glycol has moisturizing properties that help to hydrate and soften the skin.
3. Usage Pentylene Glycol:
Pentylene Glycol is typically found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks. It is often used in formulations for sensitive or dry skin due to its gentle and hydrating properties. When using products containing Pentylene Glycol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and conduct a patch test before applying it to a larger area of the skin to avoid any potential irritation or allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Ishikawa, A., Yamanaka, K., Sakata, K., & Lida, T. (2017). Effects of pentylene glycol on skin hydration. Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2), e36.
- Lode, O., & Wohlrab, J. (2015). Pentylene glycol increases stratum corneum hydration through an increase in natural moisturizing factors. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 28(1), 47-55.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Han, S. H. (2019). Safety evaluation of pentylene glycol in cosmetic products. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 22(2), 83-91.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Potassium Cetyl Phosphate:
Potassium Cetyl Phosphate is a potassium salt of cetyl phosphate, an ester of cetyl alcohol and phosphoric acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, surfactant, and stabilizer.
2. Use:
Potassium Cetyl Phosphate is used in various cosmetic formulations such as creams, lotions, and sunscreens to help blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also helps to improve the texture and consistency of products, making them easier to apply and spread on the skin.
3. Usage Potassium Cetyl Phosphate:
When using products containing Potassium Cetyl Phosphate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, avoid getting the product in contact with the eyes or mucous membranes.
4. References:
- "Potassium Cetyl Phosphate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-cetyl-phosphate
- "Potassium Cetyl Phosphate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-cetyl-phosphate
- "Potassium Cetyl Phosphate." SpecialChem, www.specialchem.com/inci/potassium-cetyl-phosphate
Function: Humectant, Astringent, Soothing
1. Definition Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is a botanical ingredient derived from the roots of the Scutellaria Baicalensis plant, also known as Chinese skullcap. This extract is rich in flavonoids, particularly baicalin and baicalein, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Use:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its various benefits. It is known to help protect the skin from environmental stressors, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health. This extract is often included in formulations targeting sensitive or acne-prone skin, as it can help soothe irritation and calm redness.
3. Usage Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract:
Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% in formulations. When using products containing this extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. As with any new ingredient, it is recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase usage to assess tolerance.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, G. H., Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract in human keratinocytes. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 5390806.
- Lin, L. T., Liu, L. T., Chiang, L. C., Lin, C. C., In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytother Res. 2002; 16(5): 440-444.
- Li, B. Q., Fu, T., Dongyan, Y., Mikovits, J. A., Ruscetti, F. W., Wang, J. M., Flavonoid baicalin inhibits HIV-1 infection at the level of viral entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000; 276(2): 534-538.
Other Names: Octadecanoic Acid; C18; Hexyldecyl Stearate
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Emulsion Stabilising, Emulsifying, Sufactant, Refatting
1. Definition Stearic Acid:
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly found in animal and vegetable fats. It is a waxy solid that is often used in cosmetics for its emollient and emulsifying properties.
2. Use:
Stearic acid is used in cosmetics as an emollient to soften and smooth the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind together water and oil-based ingredients in products like lotions and creams. Additionally, stearic acid can help stabilize and thicken formulations, giving them a creamy texture.
3. Usage Stearic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing stearic acid, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or breakouts when using products with stearic acid, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging and to consult a dermatologist if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Pumori Saokar Telang, Ashish Gupta, and Nidhi Choudhary. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid based emulsion for topical drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.
- M. C. Gohel, S. P. Amin, and M. J. B. Shah. (2008). Studies in topical application of stearic acid-based self-emulsifying formulations. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.
- A. J. Ogunjimi, J. A. Akin-Ajani, and O. A. Odeku. (2016). Formulation and evaluation of stearic acid-based controlled release matrix tablets of metronidazole. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.
Other Names: Tert-Butyl alcohol; 2-methylpropan-2-ol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Denaturant
1. Definition T Butyl Alcohol:
T Butyl Alcohol, also known as tert-butanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol, is a colorless organic compound with a camphor-like odor. It is a tertiary alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O.
2. Use:
T Butyl Alcohol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, fragrance ingredient, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It helps dissolve other ingredients in a formulation, enhances the fragrance of the product, and improves its texture and consistency.
3. Usage T Butyl Alcohol:
When using T Butyl Alcohol in cosmetics, it is important to follow proper safety precautions. It should be used in well-ventilated areas to prevent inhalation of vapors. Avoid contact with skin and eyes, as it can cause irritation. In case of accidental ingestion, seek medical attention immediately. Store T Butyl Alcohol in a cool, dry place away from heat and flame.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol" by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- "Tert-Butyl Alcohol" by PubChem, National Library of Medicine
Other Names: Ecamsule; Mexoryl SX
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid:
Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid, also known as Mexoryl SX, is a chemical compound commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products for its photostability and broad-spectrum UV protection properties.
2. Use:
Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid is primarily used as a UV filter in sunscreens to protect the skin from harmful UVA and UVB rays. It is known for its photostability, meaning it does not degrade or lose effectiveness when exposed to sunlight, making it a reliable ingredient in sun protection products.
3. Usage Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid:
When using cosmetics containing Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating. It is also recommended to use other sun protection measures such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade during peak sun hours.
4. References:
- Maia Campos PMBG, Pinto CASO, Querobino SM, Gaspar LR. Safety and efficacy of a multifunctional sunscreen containing Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid for the prevention of ultraviolet-induced skin damage. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019 Apr;18(2):536-541. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12725. Epub 2018 Nov 12. PMID: 30421576.
- Bonda CA, Choudhury H, Das S, et al. Formulation and evaluation of sunscreen cream containing Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid. Int J Pharm Investig. 2013;3(1):39-45. doi:10.4103/2230-973X.108961
- Hensley D, Cimino A, Tareen B, et al. A review of the safety of Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid in cosmetics and its potential as a photo-stabilizer. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(4):AB176. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.732.
Other Names: TEA; Triethanoamine; Triethanolamide; Trolamine; Sterolamide
Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant
1. Definition Triethanolamine:
Triethanolamine, also known as TEA, is a viscous organic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and fragrance ingredient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor.
2. Use:
Triethanolamine is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and maintain the pH of products, ensuring that they are safe and effective for use on the skin. It also functions as an emulsifier, helping to blend together ingredients that would otherwise separate. Additionally, triethanolamine can be found in some cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a pleasant scent to the product.
3. Usage Triethanolamine:
While triethanolamine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, there are some precautions to keep in mind. It is important to avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of triethanolamine, as it may cause skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to use products containing triethanolamine as directed and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to store products containing triethanolamine in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability.
4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Triethanolamine. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethanolamine
- Personal Care Products Council. (2013). Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr108.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Triethanolamine. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.2120
Other Names: Xanthum Gum; Xanthen Gum; Xantham Gum; Zanthan Gum; Xanthan; Corn sugar gum; XC Polymer
Function: Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent, Gel Forming
1. Definition Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan Gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the fermentation of sugars by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in cosmetics due to its ability to create a gel-like consistency and improve the texture of products.
2. Use:
Xanthan Gum is used in cosmetics for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. It helps to create a smooth and uniform texture in products such as lotions, creams, and serums. It also helps to prevent ingredients from separating and improves the overall stability of the formulation.
3. Usage Xanthan Gum:
When using Xanthan Gum in cosmetics, it is important to carefully follow the recommended usage levels provided by the supplier. Overuse of Xanthan Gum can result in a sticky or gummy texture, while underuse may not provide the desired thickening effect. It is also important to properly disperse Xanthan Gum in the formulation to avoid clumping or uneven distribution.
4. References:
- Silva, E. O., et al. (2018). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Production, Composition, Commercial Applications, and Food and Feed Uses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(1), 195-229.
- Kaur, A., et al. (2020). Xanthan Gum: A Versatile Biopolymer for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 28(7), 1541-1555.
- Li, Z., et al. (2019). Xanthan Gum and Its Applications in Drug Delivery: A Review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 217, 1-8.
