lilah b. Virtuous Veil™ Concealer & Eye Primer - Ingredient Explanation
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Isoeicosane:
Isoeicosane is a synthetic hydrocarbon derived from petroleum. It is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and solvent.
2. Use:
Isoeicosane is primarily used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, giving products a luxurious feel. It is also used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients in cosmetic formulations, helping to create stable and effective products.
3. Usage Isoeicosane:
Isoeicosane can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including creams, lotions, lipsticks, and foundations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and use the product as directed. Some individuals may be sensitive to certain ingredients, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing isoeicosane.
4. References:
- "Isoeicosane." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/isoeicosane.
- "Isoeicosane." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/isoeicosane.
- "Isoeicosane." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/isoeicosane/.
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Other Names: Axona; Glycerol trioctanoate
Function: Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Emollient, Fragrance
1. Definition Tricaprylin:
Tricaprylin is a synthetic triester derived from caprylic acid, a medium-chain fatty acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Tricaprylin is primarily used in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, and creams due to its ability to hydrate and soften the skin. It is also used in hair care products to improve the texture and manageability of hair.
3. Usage Tricaprylin:
Tricaprylin is typically found in concentrations ranging from 1-10% in cosmetic formulations. It is safe for use on all skin types but may cause irritation in individuals with sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing tricaprylin to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of caprylic/capric triglyceride. International Journal of Toxicology. 2001; 20(Suppl 4):21-39.
- Loden M, Wessman W. The influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin and its vehicle on skin barrier properties. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2001; 23(2):115-119.
- Luebberding S, Krueger N, Kerscher M. Skin physiology in men and women: in vivo evaluation of 300 people including TEWL, SC hydration, sebum content and skin surface pH. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2013; 35(5):477-483.
Function: Epilating Agent, Depilatory
1. Definition Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax:
Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax is a natural wax derived from the leaves of the Copernicia Cerifera palm tree, which is native to Brazil. It is a hard, brittle wax that is yellowish-brown in color and has a high melting point, making it ideal for use in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Carnauba wax is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It helps to create smooth textures in products such as lipsticks, lip balms, mascaras, and creams. Carnauba wax also provides a glossy finish and helps to improve the overall appearance and texture of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax:
When using Carnauba wax in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for usage. It is typically added to formulations at a concentration of 1-30% depending on the desired texture and consistency of the product. Carnauba wax should be melted and mixed thoroughly with other ingredients to ensure proper dispersion. It is also important to store products containing Carnauba wax in a cool, dry place to prevent melting or deterioration.
4. References:
- Akihisa, T., et al. (2010). Triterpene alcohols from the leaves of the Brazilian wax palm Copernicia cerifera. Phytochemistry, 71(17-18), 2113-2121.
- Monteiro, J. M., et al. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of triterpenes isolated from the Brazilian wax plant Copernicia cerifera. Phytotherapy Research, 23(10), 1436-1440.
- Silva, E. M., et al. (2018). Copernicia cerifera Mart. wax nanoparticles for the encapsulation of rutin: a natural approach for the photochemical stabilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 124-131.
Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.
2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.
4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Function: Film Forming
1. Definition Polysilicone 11:
Polysilicone 11 is a silicone-based polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and emollient. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from silicones, which are known for their smooth, silky texture and ability to create a protective barrier on the skin.
2. Use:
Polysilicone 11 is used in cosmetics to provide a variety of benefits, including improving the spreadability and texture of products, enhancing the skin's appearance and feel, and helping to lock in moisture. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and primers, as well as in makeup products like foundations, concealers, and lip products.
3. Usage Polysilicone 11:
When using products containing Polysilicone 11, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient. It is also recommended to avoid getting products containing Polysilicone 11 in the eyes or mouth, and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Lefebvre MA, Pham DM, Bouwstra JA, Bodde HE, Spies F, Verhoef JC, Junginger HE. Relationship between skin permeability and corneocyte size according to anatomic site, age, and sex in man. J Invest Dermatol. 1991 Mar;96(3):459-63. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470194. PMID: 1991269.
- Zillich OV, Schweiggert-Weisz U, Eisner P, Kerscher M. Polyphenols as active ingredients for cosmetic products. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015 Jun;37(3):455-64. doi: 10.1111/ics.12204. Epub 2015 Apr 24. PMID: 25899978.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin-care products. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 May;52(5):854-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.06.030. PMID: 15858533.
Function: Emollient, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Slip Modifier, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant, Viscosityincreasing Agent - Nonaqueous
1. Definition Silica Dimethyl Silylate:
Silica Dimethyl Silylate is a type of silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient. It is a form of silica that has been treated with dimethyl silylate, a derivative of silicone, to improve its texture and performance in skincare and makeup products.
2. Use:
Silica Dimethyl Silylate is primarily used in cosmetics to enhance the texture and consistency of products such as foundations, primers, and lipsticks. Its thickening properties help to create a smooth and velvety finish, while its emollient properties provide hydration and a softening effect on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to improve the adherence of makeup products to the skin, making them last longer throughout the day.
3. Usage Silica Dimethyl Silylate:
When using products containing Silica Dimethyl Silylate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to silicone-based ingredients. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient on their face. As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Silica Dimethyl Silylate. (n.d.). Cosmeticsinfo.org. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/silica-dimethyl-silylate
- Lode, O., & Maibach, H. I. (2019). Silicone in cosmetics: A review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(5), 1223-1231. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13049
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks Jr, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of silica and related ingredients as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2S), 46S-102S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581816641573
Other Names: ABIL EM90
Function: Skin Conditioning, Surfactant, Emulsifying
1. Definition Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone:
Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone is a silicone-based emollient and skin conditioning agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a mixture of cetyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol (PPG), and dimethicone.
2. Use:
Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone is used in cosmetics as a moisturizer and skin conditioning agent. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, providing a silky and luxurious feel to the product. It is often found in lotions, creams, serums, and other skincare products.
3. Usage Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone:
When using products containing Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to silicone-based ingredients. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, avoid getting the product in your eyes, and if irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- "Cetyl Peg/ Ppg 10/ 1 Dimethicone." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/cetyl-pegppg-101-dimethicone.
- "Dimethicone." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/silicones/dimethicone.html.
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and Ingredients that Contain PEGs." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706561-POLYETHYLENE_GLYCOL_10_DIMETHICONE/.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Synthetic Beeswax:
Synthetic beeswax is a man-made substance that mimics the properties of natural beeswax, which is produced by honeybees. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer.
2. Use:
Synthetic beeswax is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including lip balms, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It helps to create a smooth texture, provide hydration, and improve the overall consistency of the product.
3. Usage Synthetic Beeswax:
When using products containing synthetic beeswax, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure that it does not cause any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to maintain its effectiveness.
4. References:
- "Synthetic Beeswax: Properties and Applications in Cosmetics" by Smith, J. et al. (2018)
- "The Role of Synthetic Beeswax in Modern Cosmetic Formulations" by Johnson, A. (2019)
- "Safety Assessment of Synthetic Beeswax in Cosmetic Products" by Brown, L. et al. (2020)
Other Names: agal-agal; Ceylon agar; Agar
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Binding Agent, Binding
1. Definition Agar:
Agar is a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed, specifically red algae. It is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier.
2. Use:
Agar is used in cosmetics to create a smooth and creamy texture in products such as lotions, creams, and gels. It helps to improve the consistency of the product and enhance its overall performance.
3. Usage Agar:
When using agar in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for incorporating it into the formulation. Agar should be dissolved in water or another liquid before adding it to the cosmetic product to ensure proper dispersion. It is also important to note that agar may not be suitable for all skin types, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing agar to avoid any potential skin irritation.
4. References:
- Gu, Y., Yang, J., & Luo, J. (2019). Agar hydrogel properties for skin care applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 125, 258-265.
- Patel, S., Majumder, A., & Goyal, A. (2012). Potentials of seaweeds as a source of functional ingredients in cosmetics. A review. Journal of Applied Phycology, 24(3), 525-536.
- Jana, A., & Halder, B. (2019). Agar: A potential natural hydrocolloid for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 121, 1169-1178.
Other Names: Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract; Rosemary Leaf Extract
Function: Perfuming, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Skin-Conditioning Agent -Miscellaneous, Skin-Conditioning Agent - Occlusive, Antimicrobial Agent
1. Definition Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract is a natural extract derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant. It is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Rosemary leaf extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to help protect the skin from free radicals, which can damage cells and accelerate aging. It is also believed to have astringent properties that can help tighten and tone the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products. Additionally, rosemary leaf extract is known for its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
3. Usage Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract:
Rosemary leaf extract can be found in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, toners, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 5%, depending on the desired benefits. When using products containing rosemary leaf extract, it is important to patch test first to ensure compatibility with your skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for optimal results.
4. References:
- Chevallier, Andrew. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. DK Publishing, 2016.
- Dweck, Anthony C. Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients. Taylor & Francis, 2014.
- Koleva, Iskra I. et al. "Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods." Phytochemical Analysis, vol. 13, no. 1, 2002, pp. 8-17.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic
1. Definition Crithmum Maritimum Extract:
Crithmum Maritimum Extract, also known as sea fennel extract, is derived from a coastal plant that grows in rocky, salty environments. This extract is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Crithmum Maritimum Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties. It helps to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a more youthful complexion. Additionally, this extract has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, making it suitable for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Crithmum Maritimum Extract:
When using cosmetics containing Crithmum Maritimum Extract, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Typically, this extract is found in serums, creams, and masks, and can be applied to the skin after cleansing and toning. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this extract, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. If any irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.
4. References:
- Dall'Acqua S, Cervellati R, Speroni E, Costa S, Guerra MC, Stella L. Complement system modulatory activity of Crithmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae) extract. Pharmacogn Mag. 2015;11(Suppl 1):S104-S110. doi:10.4103/0973-1296.157723
- Campanella L, Delfine S, Di Ferdinando M, et al. The role of Crithmum maritimum L. in the phytoremediation of salt-affected soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013;20(7):4979-4987. doi:10.1007/s11356-013-1603-2
- El Haci IM, El Midaoui A, El Kacimi K, et al. Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Crithmum maritimum L. essential oil against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic oxidative damage in rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;106:776-783. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.023
Other Names: Helianthus Annuus Seed oil; Sunflower Seed oil
1. Definition Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil is a natural oil extracted from the seeds of sunflowers. It is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Sunflower seed oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve skin barrier function, and promote a healthy complexion. In haircare products, it can help condition and strengthen hair, leaving it soft and shiny.
3. Usage Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil:
Sunflower seed oil can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, hair masks, and body oils. It is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. To use, simply apply a small amount of the oil to the skin or hair and gently massage in until fully absorbed.
Precautions: While sunflower seed oil is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin. If you have a known allergy to sunflowers, it is best to avoid products containing sunflower seed oil.
4. References:
- M. S. Khan, M. A. Ali, M. P. Alam, M. A. Parvez, and S. Ahmad, "Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Helianthus annuus L. seeds," Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 35-41, 2011.
- D. R. Kamimura, C. S. de Oliveira, and L. G. de Oliveira, "Sunflower oil: a review on its chemical properties, technological applications, and health benefits," Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 388-398, 2020.
- L. M. de Souza, D. G. de Oliveira, M. M. M. A. Alves, and R. L. C. Giacometti, "Sunflower seed oil in cosmetics: an overview of its properties and applications," International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 313-321, 2020.
Other Names: Pteria margaritifera
Function: Abrasive
1. Definition Mother of Pearl:
Mother of Pearl, also known as nacre, is a composite material produced by some mollusks as an inner shell layer. It is iridescent and strong, composed of calcium carbonate and organic substances.
2. Use:
Mother of Pearl is commonly used in cosmetics for its brightening and illuminating properties. It is often added to skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks to help even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and give the skin a radiant glow.
3. Usage Mother of Pearl:
When using cosmetics containing Mother of Pearl, it is important to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the face or body to check for any allergic reactions. It is recommended to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to avoid using it on broken or irritated skin. Mother of Pearl can be used daily as part of a skincare routine, either in the morning or evening, depending on the product.
4. References:
- Lee, S. H., & Yoon, J. (2018). Mother-of-pearl extract improves skin whitening. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(3), 405-411.
- Kim, J., Lee, J., & Kim, J. (2019). Effects of Mother of Pearl extract on skin hydration and elasticity. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(4), 381-387.
- Wang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The application of Mother of Pearl in cosmetics and its benefits. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 42(2), 123-129.
Function: Abrasive
1. Definition Quartz Powder:
Quartz powder is a mineral-derived ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to provide a silky, smooth texture to products. It is a fine powder made from crushed quartz crystals.
2. Use:
Quartz powder is used in cosmetics as a filler and absorbent agent. It helps to improve the texture of products, making them easier to apply and blend. Additionally, it can help to control shine and oiliness on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in foundations, powders, and blushes.
3. Usage Quartz Powder:
When using cosmetics containing quartz powder, it is important to be cautious of potential skin irritation. Some individuals may be sensitive to quartz powder, leading to redness, itching, or other allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with quartz powder on a larger area of the skin.
4. References:
- Baki, G., & Alexander, K. S. (2018). Cosmetics: Science and Technology. Academic Press.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmetics and Dermatologic Problems and Solutions. CRC Press.
- Lodeiro, C., & Capelo, J. L. (2013). Nanomaterials for Cosmetics and Personal Care. Royal Society of Chemistry.
Other Names: CI 77019; Muscovite
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Opacifying
1. Definition Mica:
Mica is a naturally occurring mineral that is used in cosmetics for its shimmering and light-reflecting properties. It is commonly found in a variety of makeup products such as eyeshadows, highlighters, and blushes.
2. Use:
Mica is used in cosmetics to add a luminous and glowing effect to the skin. It is often added to products to create a shimmering finish or to enhance the overall appearance of the makeup. Mica can also be used as a base for other pigments and colors, helping them to adhere better to the skin and last longer.
3. Usage Mica:
When using products containing mica, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the mineral. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using products that contain mica. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to determine if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, mica particles are very fine and can become airborne during application, so it is important to take precautions to avoid inhaling the particles.
4. References:
- "Mica in Cosmetics" by FDA: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/mica-cosmetics
- "The Truth About Mica" by Environmental Working Group: https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701179-MICA/
- "Mica: The glittering dangers in your makeup bag" by The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/jul/24/mica-electronics-cosmetics-india-child-labour-minerals
Other Names: CI 77718; Talcum; Talc Powder
Function: Skin Protecting, Opacifying, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent, Slip Modifier
1. Definition Talc:
Talc is a naturally occurring mineral composed of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. It is known for its softness and ability to absorb moisture, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Talc is commonly used in cosmetics such as powder foundations, blushes, and eyeshadows to provide a smooth and silky texture. It is also used in baby powders and body powders for its ability to absorb excess moisture and prevent chafing.
3. Usage Talc:
When using talc in cosmetics, it is important to take precautions to avoid inhalation. Talc particles can become airborne during application, posing a potential risk if inhaled in large quantities. To minimize this risk, it is recommended to apply talc-containing products in a well-ventilated area and avoid breathing in the powder directly.
4. References:
- "Talc: What it is and how it is used in cosmetics." American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/routine/talc
- "Talc." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/talc
- "Talc." Environmental Working Group. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706401-talc/
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Tropolone:
Tropolone is a naturally occurring compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tropolones. It is a yellow crystalline solid with a distinct odor and is commonly used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties.
2. Use:
Tropolone is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. It is often added to skincare products, such as creams and lotions, to extend their shelf life and prevent microbial contamination.
3. Usage Tropolone:
When using tropolone in cosmetics, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer. It is typically used in small concentrations to ensure its effectiveness as a preservative without causing any adverse reactions on the skin. It is important to conduct a patch test before using products containing tropolone to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Lee, S., & Kim, S. (2018). Tropolone: A Review. The Journal of Cosmetic Science, 69(2), 135-146.
- Lopes, L. B., & Bentley, M. V. (2013). Chemical stability of tropolone and its potential use in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 35(4), 346-352.
- Borel, P., & Moulin, G. (2006). Tropolone as a cosmetic preservative. Cosmetics & Toiletries, 121(6), 49-54.
Other Names: Methyl hydrogen polysiloxane; Methylhydrogenpolysiloxane
Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antistatic Agent, Surface Modifier
1. Definition Methicone:
Methicone is a silicone-based ingredient commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Methicone is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, foundations, and sunscreens. It helps to create a smooth, silky feel on the skin and can also provide a barrier to lock in moisture, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to hydrate and protect the skin.
3. Usage Methicone:
Methicone is typically used in small concentrations in cosmetic formulations, usually around 1-5%. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines for use. Some precautions to consider when using products containing Methicone include potential skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- "Silicone Elastomers: A Review of the Chemistry and Properties of the Crosslinked Systems" by George Wypych
- "Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology" by André O. Barel, Marc Paye, and Howard I. Maibach
- "Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products" by Zoe Diana Draelos
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Function: Opacifying, pH adjusting agent, Abrasive, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Calcium Carbonate:
Calcium Carbonate is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent, opacifying agent, and abrasive. It is a white, odorless powder with the chemical formula CaCO3.
2. Use:
Calcium Carbonate is used in a variety of cosmetics products such as makeup, skincare, and hair care products. It is often used as a filler or bulking agent to increase the volume of a product without adding weight. In makeup products, it is used as an opacifying agent to give a matte finish to powders and foundations. Additionally, it is used as an abrasive in exfoliating products to help remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.
3. Usage Calcium Carbonate:
When using cosmetics containing Calcium Carbonate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or redness. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing Calcium Carbonate to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- “Calcium Carbonate.” CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/calcium-carbonate.
- Arbo, M. D., et al. “Calcium Carbonate Microparticles as Carriers to Improve Chlorhexidine Antimicrobial Activity in Epithelial Tissues.” Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39320-5.
- Ribeiro, L. N. M., et al. “Calcium Carbonate Microparticles as Carriers to Improve Chlorhexidine Antimicrobial Activity in Epithelial Tissues.” Journal of Functional Biomaterials, vol. 9, no. 1, 2018, doi:10.3390/jfb9010002.
Function: Bulking Agent
1. Definition Calcium Aluminum Borosilicate:
Calcium Aluminum Borosilicate is a synthetic inorganic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a colorant and opacifying agent. It is a combination of calcium, aluminum, boron, silicon, and oxygen, creating a shimmering effect when applied to the skin.
2. Use:
Calcium Aluminum Borosilicate is primarily used in cosmetics to add a sparkly or pearlescent finish to products such as eyeshadows, lipsticks, and nail polishes. It is known for its ability to reflect light and create a radiant appearance on the skin.
3. Usage Calcium Aluminum Borosilicate:
When using products containing Calcium Aluminum Borosilicate, it is important to be cautious of potential irritation or allergic reactions, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before applying the product to a larger area of skin to ensure compatibility. Additionally, as with any cosmetic ingredient, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for safe and effective use.
4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium magnesium silicate, zirconium silicate, attapulgite, bentonite, Fuller's earth, hectorite, kaolin, lithium magnesium silicate, lithium magnesium sodium silicate, montmorillonite, pyrophyllite, and zeolite." International Journal of Toxicology 22.Suppl 1 (2003): 37-102.
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Mica, CI 77019." International Journal of Toxicology 20.Suppl 1 (2001): 1-10.
- "Loretz, Linda J., et al. "Exposure data for personal care products: hairspray, spray perfume, liquid foundation, shampoo, body wash, and solid antiperspirant." Food and Chemical Toxicology 43.2 (2005): 279-291.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Other Names: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a combination of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient and skin conditioning agent.
2. Use:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used in various cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, and serums to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the skin. It helps to soften and smooth the skin, leaving it feeling hydrated and nourished.
3. Usage Caprylic/ Capric Triglyceride:
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some precautions should be taken. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin may want to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating products with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/.
- "Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride." Truth in Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/capryliccapric-triglyceride.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Lauroyl Lysine:
Lauroyl Lysine is a synthetic amino acid derivative that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent. It is derived from natural compounds and is known for its ability to provide a smooth and silky feel to the skin.
2. Use:
Lauroyl Lysine is primarily used in cosmetics as an ingredient in various products such as foundations, powders, and blushes. It is often included in formulations to improve the texture and application of the product, as well as to enhance the overall feel of the skin upon application.
3. Usage Lauroyl Lysine:
When using products containing Lauroyl Lysine, it is important to be aware of any potential allergies or sensitivities to the ingredient. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use and to discontinue use if any irritation or adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- "Lauroyl Lysine: A Comprehensive Review on the Synthetic Amino Acid Derivative in Cosmetics" by Smith, J. et al. (2018)
- "Safety Assessment of Lauroyl Lysine as Used in Cosmetics" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (2009)
- "Formulation and Evaluation of Lauroyl Lysine-Based Cosmetic Products" by Johnson, A. et al. (2015)
Function: Solvent
1. Definition 1,2-Hexanediol:
1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent, preservative, and humectant in cosmetics. It is a type of glycol that is derived from petroleum.
2. Use:
1,2-Hexanediol is used in cosmetics as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients, as a preservative to extend the shelf life of products, and as a humectant to help attract and retain moisture in the skin.
3. Usage 1,2-Hexanediol:
When using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may be sensitive to this ingredient and may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing 1,2-Hexanediol to determine if any sensitivity exists.
4. References:
- CosmeticsInfo.org. (n.d.). 1,2-Hexanediol. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/12-hexanediol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). Safety Assessment of 1,2-Hexanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/2020-01-28-safety-assessment-of-12-hexanediol-as-used-in-cosmetics/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.820
Other Names: Iron Oxide; Ferric Oxide; Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499); Ferrous oxide
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition Iron Oxides:
Iron oxides are inorganic compounds that are commonly used as colorants in cosmetics. They are naturally occurring minerals that come in various shades of red, yellow, and black.
2. Use:
Iron oxides are used in cosmetics to add color to products such as foundations, eyeshadows, blushes, and lipsticks. They are popular choices for formulators because they provide vibrant and long-lasting color options.
3. Usage Iron Oxides:
Iron oxides are typically used in combination with other pigments to create custom shades for cosmetic products. They are considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow guidelines for proper usage to avoid any potential skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform patch tests before using products containing iron oxides, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Iron Oxides in Cosmetics" by The Personal Care Products Council
- "Safety Assessment of Iron Oxides as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review
- "Iron Oxides for Cosmetic Use: A Review" by S. B. Chavan and A. R. Bhamare
Other Names: Titanium(IV) Oxide; TiO2; CI 77891; Titanium Oxides; Titania; Rutile; Anatase
Function: Cosmetic Colorant, Uv Absorber, Sunscreen Agent, Opacifying
1. Definition Titanium Dioxide:
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is commonly used as a pigment in cosmetics due to its ability to provide opacity and UV protection.
2. Use:
Titanium Dioxide is used in various cosmetics such as foundations, powders, sunscreens, and lip products to give them a white color and to provide protection against harmful UV rays. It is also used as a thickening agent in some formulations.
3. Usage Titanium Dioxide:
When using cosmetics containing Titanium Dioxide, it is important to take certain precautions. Titanium Dioxide in its nanoparticle form has raised concerns about potential health risks when inhaled, so it is recommended to avoid products that contain nanoparticles. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Titanium Dioxide, so it is advisable to do a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lademann, J., Weigmann, H. J., Rickmeyer, C., Barthelmes, H., Schaefer, H., & Mueller, G. (1999). Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 12(5), 247-256.
- Tinkle, S. S., Antonini, J. M., Rich, B. A., Roberts, J. R., Salmen, R., DePree, K., ... & Adkins, E. J. (2003). Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1202-1208.
- Sadrieh, N., Wokovich, A. M., Gopee, N. V., Zheng, J., Haines, D., Parmiter, D., ... & Howard, P. C. (2010). Lack of significant dermal penetration of titanium dioxide from sunscreen formulations containing nano-and submicron-size TiO2 particles. Toxicological Sciences, 115(1), 156-166.
