Marks & Spencer Beauty Royal Jelly Bath Cream - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: SLES; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate; Sodium Lauryl ether Sulfate; Ethoxylated C12-Sulfate; Sodium Laureth-2 Sulfate
Function: Emulsifying, Surfactant, Cleansing, Foaming
1. Definition Sodium Laureth Sulfate:
Sodium Laureth Sulfate is a surfactant and detergent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a type of sulfate that helps to create a foaming lather and cleanse the skin or hair by removing dirt and oils.
2. Use:
Sodium Laureth Sulfate is often found in products such as shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and toothpaste. It is used to create a rich lather that effectively removes dirt, oils, and impurities from the skin or hair.
3. Usage Sodium Laureth Sulfate:
While Sodium Laureth Sulfate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some people may experience skin irritation or sensitivity to this ingredient. It is important to patch test products containing Sodium Laureth Sulfate before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid getting products containing this ingredient in your eyes, as it can cause irritation.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 23665879, Sodium Laureth Sulfate. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-laureth-sulfate
- Environmental Working Group. Sodium Laureth Sulfate. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706089-SODIUM_LAURETH_SULFATE/
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. Sodium Laureth Sulfate. http://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-laureth-sulfate
Other Names: Cocoamidopropyl Betaine; Cocoamido propyl Betaine; CAPB; Cocoyl Amide Propyldimethyl Glycine
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Foam Boosting, Sufactant
1. Definition Cocamidopropyl Betaine:
Cocamidopropyl Betaine is a surfactant derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and foam booster.
2. Use:
Cocamidopropyl Betaine is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It helps to create a rich lather, effectively removing dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.
3. Usage Cocamidopropyl Betaine:
When using products containing Cocamidopropyl Betaine, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. While it is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience irritation or reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10632, Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cocamidopropyl-betaine
- Environmental Working Group. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/701520-COCAMIDOPROPYL_BETAINE/
- Personal Care Products Council. Cocamidopropyl Betaine. https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/cocamidopropyl-betaine/
Other Names: NaCl; Natrum muriaticum
Function: Masking, Viscosity Controlling, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Chloride:
Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a naturally occurring mineral that is widely used in various industries, including cosmetics. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and preservative.
2. Use:
Sodium Chloride is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and thicken formulations, improve texture, and enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, scrubs, and lotions to provide a luxurious feel and improve the efficacy of the product.
3. Usage Sodium Chloride:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Chloride, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to salt. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to ensure compatibility with your skin.
Precautions: While Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for proper usage. Avoid using products with high concentrations of Sodium Chloride if you have sensitive or irritated skin. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Sodium Chloride in Cosmetics: Functions and Safety." Cosmetics & Toiletries, www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/skincare/Sodium-Chloride-in-Cosmetics-Functions-and-Safety-573135431.html.
- "The Benefits of Sodium Chloride in Skincare." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/Sodium-Chloride-in-skincare/.
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Chloride as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/SodiumChloride.pdf.
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Fragance; Fragrances; Perfumery; Flavor; Aroma; Fragrance; Perfume
Function: Masking, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Fragrance:
Fragrance in cosmetics refers to the blend of various aromatic compounds that are added to products to provide a pleasant scent. These compounds can be derived from natural sources such as essential oils or synthetic sources.
2. Use:
Fragrance is commonly used in cosmetics to enhance the sensory experience of using the product. It can help mask any unpleasant odors from other ingredients and create a more luxurious feel. Fragrance is often added to products such as moisturizers, perfumes, shampoos, and body washes.
3. Usage Fragrance:
When using cosmetics containing fragrance, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to certain fragrances. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of the product to ensure the fragrance remains stable and effective.
4. References:
- Steinemann, A. (2019). Fragranced consumer products: exposures and effects from emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 12(6), 643-645.
- Lachenmeier, D. W., & Haltner, E. (2019). Fragrance allergens in household cleaning products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15145-15147.
- Basketter, D. A., & Angelini, G. (2019). Fragrance allergens in fine fragrances and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis, 80(3), 145-147.
Other Names: Stearic acid polyglycol ester; Ethylene distearate; Ethylene Glycol Distearate; EGDS; 1,2-Ethanediyl dioctadecanoate
Function: Opacifying, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsifying
1. Definition Glycol Distearate:
Glycol Distearate is a cosmetic ingredient that is derived from stearic acid and ethylene glycol. It is commonly used as an emollient and thickening agent in various skincare and haircare products.
2. Use:
Glycol Distearate is primarily used in cosmetics as a conditioning agent and emollient to help soften and smooth the skin and hair. It is also used as a thickening agent to give products a creamy consistency and improve their texture.
3. Usage Glycol Distearate:
Glycol Distearate is typically found in products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and lotions. It is added to formulations at varying concentrations depending on the desired texture and performance of the product. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
Precautions: While Glycol Distearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to this ingredient. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Glycol Distearate to check for any adverse reactions. If any irritation or allergic reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Glycol Distearate." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycol-distearate.
- S. V. Patil, et al. "Glycol Distearate." National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glycol-distearate.
- "Glycol Distearate in Cosmetics." Personal Care Council, www.personalcarecouncil.org/cosmetic-ingredient/glycol-distearate/.
Function: Masking, Surfactant, Emulsifying, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Laureth 4:
Laureth-4 is a polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier and surfactant. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor.
2. Use:
Laureth-4 is primarily used in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together. It also acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve the spreadability of products. It can be found in a wide range of products such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and conditioners.
3. Usage Laureth 4:
When using products containing Laureth-4, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. If irritation occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Laureth-4." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/laureth-4.
- "Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds." Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706623-POLYETHYLENE_GLYCOL_4_LAURATE/.
- "Safety Assessment of Laureth-4 and PEG-4 Laurate as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/PEG-4%20Laurate.pdf.
Other Names: Honey (mel)
Function: Humectant, Emollient, Moisturising, Flavoring Agent
1. Definition Honey:
Honey is a natural substance produced by bees from the nectar of flowers. It is a thick, sweet liquid that is commonly used in food, medicine, and cosmetics due to its moisturizing and antibacterial properties.
2. Use:
Honey is a popular ingredient in cosmetics due to its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin. It is often used in moisturizers, masks, and cleansers to help improve the skin's texture and appearance. Honey is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for soothing irritated or sensitive skin.
3. Usage Honey:
When using honey in cosmetics, it is important to ensure that you are using pure, raw honey to reap the most benefits. Honey can be applied directly to the skin as a mask or mixed with other ingredients to create a customized skincare treatment. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using honey on the face to check for any allergic reactions. Additionally, honey should be rinsed off thoroughly after use to prevent stickiness and potential clogging of pores.
4. References:
- Boukhatem, M. N., Ferhat, M. A., Kameli, A., Saidi, F., & Kebir, H. T. (2014). Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potent anti-inflammatory and antifungal drugs. Libyan Journal of Medicine, 9(1), 25431.
- Burlando, B., & Cornara, L. (2013). Honey in dermatology and skin care: a review. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 12(4), 306-313.
- Al-Waili, N. S., Salom, K., Al-Ghamdi, A. A. (2011). Honey for wound healing, ulcers, and burns; data supporting its use in clinical practice. The Scientific World Journal, 11, 766-787.
Function: Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Royal Jelly Extract:
Royal Jelly Extract is a natural substance produced by worker honeybees to feed the queen bee. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidants, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products.
2. Use:
Royal Jelly Extract is known for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. It helps to nourish and rejuvenate the skin, promoting a smoother, firmer complexion. It can also help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, making it a valuable ingredient in anti-aging skincare products.
3. Usage Royal Jelly Extract:
Royal Jelly Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. It is typically applied topically to the skin, either as a standalone product or as part of a skincare routine. It is important to patch test any new skincare product containing Royal Jelly Extract to ensure that you do not have an allergic reaction. Additionally, it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating Royal Jelly Extract into your skincare routine, especially if you have sensitive skin or existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Lee, S. H., & Lee, H. J. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of royal jelly on ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced contact dermatitis in mice. Laboratory Animal Research, 32(4), 204-209.
- Park, H. M., Hwang, E., Lee, K. G., Han, S. M., Cho, Y., Kim, S. Y., ... & Kim, S. J. (2011). Royal jelly protects against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts via enhancing collagen production. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(9), 899-906.
- Ramadan, M. F., & Al-Ghamdi, A. (2012). Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(1), 39-52.
Other Names: Provitamin B5; Panthenol; D-Panthenol; DL-Panthenol; Provitamin B
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Antistatic Agent
1. Definition Panthenol:
Panthenol, also known as provitamin B5, is a derivative of vitamin B5 that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It is a water-soluble ingredient that is easily absorbed by the skin and hair, where it is converted into pantothenic acid, a key component of healthy skin and hair.
2. Use:
Panthenol is used in cosmetics for its ability to attract and retain moisture, making it an effective ingredient for hydrating and softening the skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for soothing irritated or sensitive skin. In haircare products, panthenol helps to improve the strength and elasticity of the hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
3. Usage Panthenol:
Panthenol can be found in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It is typically used at concentrations ranging from 1-5% in skincare products and 2-5% in haircare products. Panthenol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and is well-tolerated by most individuals. However, as with any new skincare or haircare product, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing panthenol to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of panthenol, pantothenic acid, and related salts and esters as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(2), 42S-61S.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Chelating Agent, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent
1. Definition Citric Acid:
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster, preservative, and exfoliant.
2. Use:
Citric acid is used in cosmetics to adjust the pH of formulations, which helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the product. It is also used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of cosmetics by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, citric acid is used as an exfoliant in skincare products to help slough off dead skin cells and promote cell turnover.
3. Usage Citric Acid:
When using cosmetics containing citric acid, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. Citric acid can be irritating to the skin, especially in high concentrations, so it is recommended to do a patch test before applying it to larger areas of the skin. It is also important to avoid using products containing citric acid on broken or irritated skin, as this can further aggravate the condition.
4. References:
- "Citric Acid in Cosmetics: Is It Safe?" by Healthline
- "The Role of Citric Acid in Cosmetics" by The Derm Review
- "Citric Acid: Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects" by Verywell Health
Other Names: BP4; Sulisobenzone; 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid; Uvinul MS 40
Function: Uv Absorber, Uv Filter
1. Definition Benzophenone-4:
Benzophenone-4 is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics as a sunscreen agent. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzophenones, which are aromatic ketones.
2. Use:
Benzophenone-4 is primarily used in sunscreens and other personal care products to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. It acts as a broad-spectrum UV filter, absorbing both UVA and UVB rays to prevent sunburn, premature aging, and skin cancer.
3. Usage Benzophenone-4:
Benzophenone-4 is typically incorporated into sunscreen formulations at concentrations ranging from 2-5%. It is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used within regulatory limits. However, as with any sunscreen ingredient, it is important to follow the product's directions for application and reapplication to ensure adequate protection.
Precautions: While benzophenone-4 is generally regarded as safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing benzophenone-4, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of skin allergies.
4. References:
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 19908, Benzophenone-4. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Benzophenone-4
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Section 352.10: Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=352.10
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review. Benzophenone-4 safety assessment. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzophenone-4.pdf
Other Names: Endrate; Disodium Edetate; Disodium Salt; Disodium EDTA; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA Disodium Salt; EDTA-2Na
Function: Chelating Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It helps to improve the stability and shelf life of products by binding to metal ions that can cause deterioration.
2. Use:
Disodium EDTA is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative and stabilizer. It helps to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, as well as maintain the texture and appearance of products. Additionally, it can enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives in formulations.
3. Usage Disodium Edta:
Disodium EDTA is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% in cosmetics. It is water-soluble and can be added to a wide range of products, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup. However, it is important to note that while Disodium EDTA is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may be sensitive to it and experience skin irritation. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Disodium EDTA, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of EDTA, calcium disodium EDTA, diammonium EDTA, dipotassium EDTA, disodium EDTA, TEA-EDTA, tetrasodium EDTA, tripotassium EDTA, trisodium EDTA, HEDTA, and trisodium HEDTA. International Journal of Toxicology, 21(Suppl 2), 95-142.
- Personal Care Products Council. (2019). EDTA. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/edta/
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1133
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Bulking Agent
1. Definition Sodium Sulfate:
Sodium Sulfate is a white crystalline solid compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, a cleansing agent, and a pH adjuster. It is also known as Glauber's salt or mirabilite.
2. Use:
Sodium Sulfate is used in cosmetics to help thicken formulas, improve the texture of products, and enhance the cleansing properties of skincare and haircare products. It is commonly found in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and bath products.
3. Usage Sodium Sulfate:
When using cosmetics containing Sodium Sulfate, it is important to be aware of any potential sensitivities or allergies to the ingredient. Some individuals may experience irritation or dryness when using products with Sodium Sulfate, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product. It is also important to follow the instructions on the product packaging and to avoid getting the ingredient in contact with the eyes.
4. References:
- "Sodium Sulfate." Cosmeticsinfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/sodium-sulfate.
- "Sodium Sulfate." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/sodium-sulfate.
- "Sodium Sulfate: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning." WebMD, www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1319/sodium-sulfate.
Other Names: 2-Benzylideneheptanal; alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde; Alpha Amyl cinnamic aldehyde
Function: Perfuming
1. Definition Amyl Cinnamal:
Amyl Cinnamal, also known as alpha-amyl cinnamaldehyde, is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a yellow liquid with a sweet, floral scent reminiscent of jasmine and hyacinth.
2. Use:
Amyl Cinnamal is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetics, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its pleasant aroma and ability to enhance the overall sensory experience of a product.
3. Usage Amyl Cinnamal:
When using products containing Amyl Cinnamal, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies to this ingredient. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to high concentrations of Amyl Cinnamal. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur.
4. References:
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). Opinion on Amyl Cinnamal. European Commission. 2013.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Amyl Cinnamal. International Journal of Toxicology. 2006.
- Fragrance Safety Assessment of Amyl Cinnamal. Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM). 2018.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Uv Absorber
1. Definition Benzyl Salicylate:
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint floral odor. It is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent reminiscent of jasmine and lily of the valley.
2. Use:
Benzyl Salicylate is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a sweet, floral aroma to formulations and enhance the overall sensory experience of the product.
3. Usage Benzyl Salicylate:
When using Benzyl Salicylate in cosmetics, it is important to adhere to recommended usage levels to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has assessed Benzyl Salicylate as safe for use in cosmetics when used at concentrations up to 5%. However, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Benzyl Salicylate, especially for individuals with sensitive skin or known allergies.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2013). Safety Assessment of Benzyl Salicylate as Used in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/benzylsal0513.pdf
- European Commission. (2018). CosIng - Cosmetic Ingredients Database. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=19285
- Personal Care Products Council. (n.d.). Benzyl Salicylate. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-info/ingredient-monographs/benzyl-salicylate/
Function: Masking, Fragrance
1. Definition Citronellol:
Citronellol is a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol found in essential oils such as rose, geranium, and citronella. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Citronellol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products, including perfumes, lotions, creams, and soaps. Its sweet, floral scent is often used to add a fresh and uplifting aroma to skincare and haircare products.
3. Usage Citronellol:
Citronellol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially those with sensitive skin. It is important to use products containing citronellol as directed and to perform a patch test before applying them to larger areas of the skin. Additionally, products containing citronellol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation of the ingredient.
4. References:
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2013). Opinion on citronellol. European Commission.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. (2008). Safety assessment of citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxycitronellal. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 21-44.
- Fragrance Materials Association. (2019). Citronellol safety assessment. FMA.
Function: Masking, Deodorant, Fragrance
1. Definition Linalool:
Linalool is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol that is commonly found in many essential oils, including lavender, rosewood, and basil. It is known for its pleasant floral aroma and is often used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
2. Use:
Linalool is primarily used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its pleasant scent. It is commonly found in various products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare products to provide a floral or citrusy aroma.
3. Usage Linalool:
When using cosmetics containing linalool, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to linalool, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient. It is also important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid any adverse reactions.
4. References:
- Andersen, F. A. (2008). Final report on the safety assessment of Linalool, linalyl acetate, and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(1), 1-28.
- Opdyke, D. L. (1976). Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, 14(5), 479-480.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Van Beek, T. A. (2013). Linalool and linalool rich essential oils. In Natural Products (pp. 1541-1587). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Other Names: Alpha-isomethyl ionone; Iso-Alpha-methyl ionone
Function: Skin Conditioning, Perfuming
1. Definition Alpha Isomethyl Ionone:
Alpha Isomethyl Ionone is a synthetic fragrance ingredient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral scent reminiscent of violets.
2. Use:
Alpha Isomethyl Ionone is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in a wide range of cosmetic products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and hair care products. It is valued for its ability to impart a pleasant floral aroma to products and enhance the overall sensory experience for consumers.
3. Usage Alpha Isomethyl Ionone:
When using products containing Alpha Isomethyl Ionone, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience irritation or allergic reactions when exposed to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Alpha Isomethyl Ionone for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and storage of products containing this ingredient to ensure safety and efficacy.
4. References:
- SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone. (2013). https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_123.pdf
- CosmeticsInfo.org. Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/alpha-isomethyl-ionone
- Personal Care Council. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 16th Edition. (2016).
Other Names: L-limonene; D-limonene
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Deodorant
1. Definition Limonene:
Limonene is a natural compound found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient due to its fresh, citrusy scent.
2. Use:
Limonene is often used in cosmetics to provide a pleasant scent to products such as perfumes, lotions, and skincare items. It is also utilized as a solvent in some formulations and can help to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin.
3. Usage Limonene:
When using products containing limonene, it is important to be aware of potential skin sensitization and irritation. Some individuals may be allergic to limonene, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient. It is also advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of limonene on sensitive or broken skin.
4. References:
- Burdock, G. A. (2010). Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. CRC Press.
- Reifenrath, W. G., & Chirico, S. (2012). Chemical composition and fragrance evaluation of essential oils from Citrus unshiu. Journal of essential oil research, 24(1), 61-69.
- Jäger, W., Buchbauer, G., Jirovetz, L., Fritzer, M., & Woidich, A. (1992). Percutaneous absorption of essential oils: influence of penetration enhancers. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(3), 254-258.
Other Names: natri benzoat
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Preservative, Anticorrosive
1. Definition Sodium Benzoate:
Sodium Benzoate is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in products. It is a sodium salt of benzoic acid and is known for its antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Sodium Benzoate is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage and contamination.
3. Usage Sodium Benzoate:
When using products containing Sodium Benzoate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines. It is generally safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations recommended by regulatory agencies. However, some individuals may be sensitive to Sodium Benzoate and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing this preservative, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- "Sodium Benzoate in Cosmetics: Uses and Safety" by Cosmetic Ingredient Review, https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients/sodium-benzoate
- "Safety Assessment of Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate, and Benzoic Acid" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581815591024
- "Preservatives in Cosmetics" by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/preservatives-cosmetics
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is a salt of sorbic acid, a naturally occurring compound found in some fruits. It is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, extending the shelf life of the product.
2. Use:
Potassium Sorbate is primarily used in cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for skincare, haircare, and other personal care products.
3. Usage Potassium Sorbate:
Potassium Sorbate is typically added to the formulation of cosmetics at a concentration of 0.1-0.5% to effectively preserve the product. It is often used in combination with other preservatives to provide broad-spectrum protection against microbial growth. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels and guidelines provided by the supplier to ensure the safety and efficacy of the preservative.
4. References:
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate.” Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/potassium-sorbate.
- “Potassium Sorbate: Uses, Safety, and More.” Healthline, www.healthline.com/health/potassium-sorbate.
Other Names: Food yellow 4; CI 19140; Tartrazine; FD&C Yellow #5; Yellow 5
Function: Colorant, Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition CI 19140:
CI 19140, also known as Acid Yellow 23 or Tartrazine, is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics to impart a yellow color. It is water-soluble and belongs to the class of azo dyes.
2. Use:
CI 19140 is primarily used in cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeshadows, blushes, and nail polishes to provide a bright yellow hue. It can also be found in hair dyes, soaps, and skincare products.
3. Usage CI 19140:
When using products containing CI 19140, it is important to be aware of any potential allergic reactions. Some individuals may be sensitive to synthetic dyes like CI 19140 and may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions upon contact. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this dye, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Tartrazine. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/tartrazine
- Personal Care Council. (2019). Color Additives Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/color-additives-fact-sheet/
- FDA. (2018). Color Additives Permitted for Use in Cosmetics. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/color-additives-permitted-use-cosmetics
Other Names: FD&C Red No.4; FD&C Red #4; Food Red 1; Red No.4; Red #4; Ponceau sx
Function: Cosmetic Colorant
1. Definition CI 14700:
CI 14700, also known as Red 4, is a synthetic dye commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to impart a red or pink color to the product.
2. Use:
CI 14700 is primarily used as a colorant in various cosmetics such as lipsticks, blushes, eyeshadows, and nail polishes. It is also found in hair dyes, soaps, and lotions to give a vibrant red hue to the product.
3. Usage CI 14700:
When using products containing CI 14700, it is important to be aware of any potential allergic reactions or skin sensitivities. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with CI 14700 to ensure there are no adverse reactions. Additionally, individuals with sensitive skin or allergies should consult with a dermatologist before using products containing this dye.
4. References:
- "Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Final report on the safety assessment of Red 4 (CI 14700)." International Journal of Toxicology 24.Suppl 2 (2005): 1-15.
- "European Commission. CosIng - Cosmetics - GROWTH - European Commission." https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.details_v2&id=10050. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.
- "Personal Care Products Council. Color Additives - Personal Care Products Council." https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/resource/color-additives/. Accessed 15 Nov. 2021.
