One size Secure The Sweat Waterproof Mattifying Primer - Ingredient Explanation
Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Water:
Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.
2. Use:
Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Water:
When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.
- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.
Other Names: Ethanol; Grain Alcohol; Ethyl Alcohol
Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent
1. Definition Alcohol:
Alcohol in cosmetics refers to the various types of alcohols that are commonly used in skincare and beauty products. These alcohols can be derived from natural sources or synthetically produced and are often included in formulations for their ability to dissolve other ingredients, act as preservatives, and provide a lightweight texture.
2. Use:
Alcohol in cosmetics is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation, such as essential oils, fragrances, and active ingredients. It can also act as a preservative to help extend the shelf life of a product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, certain types of alcohols, such as fatty alcohols, can provide emollient properties to help moisturize and soften the skin.
3. Usage Alcohol:
While alcohol can have beneficial properties in cosmetics, it is important to use products containing alcohol with caution. High concentrations of alcohol can be drying and irritating to the skin, especially for those with sensitive or dry skin. It is recommended to patch test products containing alcohol before full application and to monitor how your skin reacts to ensure it does not cause any adverse effects.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. CRC Press.
- Baumann, L. (2009). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. McGraw-Hill Professional.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2005). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
Function: Abrasive
1. Definition Bambusa Arundinacea (Bamboo) Stem Powder:
Bambusa Arundinacea (Bamboo) Stem Powder is a natural ingredient derived from the stem of the bamboo plant. It is finely ground into a powder form and used in various cosmetic products for its exfoliating and skin-renewing properties.
2. Use:
Bamboo stem powder is commonly used in skincare products such as scrubs, masks, and cleansers. Its gentle exfoliating properties help to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve skin texture. Additionally, bamboo stem powder is known for its ability to absorb excess oil and impurities, making it suitable for oily and acne-prone skin types.
3. Usage Bambusa Arundinacea (Bamboo) Stem Powder:
When using products containing bamboo stem powder, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Excessive or harsh scrubbing with bamboo stem powder can irritate the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with bamboo stem powder to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- Chaiyana W, Saeio K, Lourith N, Kanlayavattanakul M. Anti-inflammatory potential of bamboo shavings extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019;18(3):934-941. doi:10.1111/jocd.12883
- Datta S, Chakraborty P, Paul A, et al. Bamboo: A rich source of natural antioxidants and its applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2021;112:53-64. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.010
- Majeed M, Majeed S, Nagabhushanam K, et al. A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Phytother Res. 2019;33(5):1457-1468. doi:10.1002/ptr.6340
Other Names: Heptyl undec-10-enoate
Function: Emollient
1. Definition Heptyl Undecylenate:
Heptyl Undecylenate is a synthetic ester derived from castor oil. It is commonly used in cosmetics as an emollient, skin conditioning agent, and fragrance ingredient.
2. Use:
Heptyl Undecylenate is primarily used in skincare and haircare products for its emollient properties, which help to soften and smooth the skin and hair. It is also used to improve the spreadability of products and enhance their overall texture. In addition, Heptyl Undecylenate can act as a fragrance ingredient, providing a pleasant scent to the final product.
3. Usage Heptyl Undecylenate:
Heptyl Undecylenate is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but like any ingredient, it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to use products containing Heptyl Undecylenate as directed by the manufacturer and to perform a patch test before applying to a larger area of skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to avoid contact with the eyes and to keep the product out of reach of children.
4. References:
- "Heptyl Undecylenate" - The Environmental Working Group. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/705400-heptyl-undecylenate/
- "Safety Assessment of Heptyl Undecylenate as Used in Cosmetics" - Cosmetic Ingredient Review. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/heptylundecylenate.pdf
- "Heptyl Undecylenate" - Truth in Aging. https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/heptyl-undecylenate
Other Names: 1,3-Propylene Glycol; 1,3-Dihydroxypropane; 1,3-Propanediol; Zemea Propanediol
Function: Solvent, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Viscosity Controlling
1. Definition Propanediol:
Propanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a humectant, solvent, and emollient. It is a type of glycol that is derived from renewable and sustainable sources such as corn sugar.
2. Use:
Propanediol is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and feel of products. It helps to hydrate the skin by attracting and retaining moisture, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and lotions. Additionally, propanediol can enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare products, making them more effective.
3. Usage Propanediol:
Propanediol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is important to follow recommended guidelines and precautions. It is recommended to patch test products containing propanediol before applying them to larger areas of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions. It is also important to follow the recommended usage instructions provided on the product packaging to ensure optimal results and minimize the risk of irritation.
4. References:
- Zhang, X., Qian, H., & Tang, S. (2018). Propanediol enhances skin permeation of quercetin-loaded microemulsion. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 44(6), 1010-1016.
- Rigo, L. A., da Silva, D. F., & Sayer, C. (2019). Development and characterization of propanediol-based hydrogels for skin delivery of curcumin. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 73-81.
- Huang, D., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Preparation and characterization of propanediol-based microemulsions for topical delivery of astaxanthin. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 38(9), 1317-1323.
Other Names: 1,3 Butylene Glycol; Butane-1,3-diol; Butylene Alcohol; Butanediol; 1,3-Butandiol; 1,3-Butanediol; 1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Function: Solvent, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity decreasing agents
1. Definition Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a small organic alcohol used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. It is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that is derived from petroleum or natural gas.
2. Use:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used in skincare and haircare products as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, a humectant to attract moisture to the skin, and a viscosity-decreasing agent to improve the texture and spreadability of the product. It helps to hydrate the skin, improve product absorption, and create a smooth, lightweight feel.
3. Usage Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to patch test products containing Butylene Glycol before use, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, it is recommended to follow the instructions on the product label and avoid using products with Butylene Glycol if you have known allergies to similar ingredients.
4. References:
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of butylene glycol, dicaprylyl carbonate, ethoxydiglycol, and ethoxydiglycol oleate. International Journal of Toxicology, 20(Suppl 4), 61-75.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24856, Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butylene-glycol
- Personal Care Products Council. (2017). Butylene Glycol. Retrieved from https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/butylene-glycol
Other Names: Glycerine; Glycerin; Pflanzliches Glycerin; 1,2,3-Propanetriol
Function: Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant
1. Definition Glycerin:
Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is widely used in cosmetics for its moisturizing properties. It is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and supple.
2. Use:
Glycerin is commonly used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and serums to help maintain the skin's moisture balance. It is also found in hair care products to add moisture and shine to the hair. Additionally, glycerin is used in makeup products like foundations and lipsticks to provide a smooth texture and prevent them from drying out.
3. Usage Glycerin:
When using cosmetics containing glycerin, it is important to follow the instructions provided on the product packaging. Glycerin is generally safe for most skin types, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. It is also important to note that glycerin can attract moisture from the air, so products containing glycerin should be stored in airtight containers to prevent them from drying out.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2006). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Winter, R. (2009). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics. Harmony.
Other Names: Perhydrosqualene; Pripure 3759
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Refatting
1. Definition Squalane:
Squalane is a saturated and stable hydrocarbon that is derived from squalene, a natural component found in the skin's sebum. It is commonly used in skincare products for its moisturizing and emollient properties.
2. Use:
Squalane is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a moisturizing agent to help hydrate and soften the skin. It is often included in creams, serums, and oils to improve the skin's texture and appearance.
3. Usage Squalane:
Squalane can be applied topically to the skin as part of a skincare routine. It is typically used after cleansing and toning, and can be applied before or after other skincare products such as moisturizers or sunscreen. Squalane is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and can help to improve the skin's hydration levels and overall health.
Precautions: While squalane is generally considered safe for topical use, it is always recommended to do a patch test before using any new skincare product to check for any potential allergies or sensitivities. Additionally, individuals with specific skin conditions or concerns should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating squalane into their skincare routine.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2005). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2015). Cosmeceuticals. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Mukherjee, S., Date, A., Patravale, V., Korting, H. C., Roeder, A., & Weindl, G. (2006). Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical interventions in aging, 1(4), 327-348.
Function: Absorbent
1. Definition Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2:
Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is derived from acrylic acid and is known for its ability to create a smooth and creamy texture in skincare and makeup products.
2. Use:
Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2 is primarily used in cosmetic formulations to improve the texture and consistency of products. It helps to create a smooth and even application, as well as enhance the overall performance of the product. It is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products.
3. Usage Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2:
When using products containing Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Acrylates Copolymer and Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2 as Used in Cosmetics" Cosmetic Ingredient Review, 2011.
- "Sodium Acrylates Crosspolymer-2" The Good Scents Company, Accessed September 2021.
- "Evaluation of the acute dermal irritation potential of a cosmetic product containing acrylates copolymer and sodium acrylates crosspolymer-2 in a human repeat insult patch test" Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2019.
Other Names: Monopropylene Glycol; Propyl Glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; 1,2-Propylene Glycol
Function: Solvent, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Skin Conditioning, Viscosity Controlling, Skin-Conditioningagent - Miscellaneous
1. Definition Propylene Glycol:
Propylene Glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water and is used in a variety of products, including cosmetics, as a humectant to help retain moisture.
2. Use:
Propylene Glycol is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, emollient, and moisturizer. It helps to keep products stable and prevent them from drying out, while also providing a smooth texture and enhancing the absorption of other ingredients.
3. Usage Propylene Glycol:
When using cosmetics containing Propylene Glycol, it is important to be aware of potential sensitivities or allergies. Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to this ingredient, so it is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with Propylene Glycol for the first time. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid using products with high concentrations of Propylene Glycol on broken or irritated skin.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Propylene Glycol" by the Environmental Working Group
- "Propylene Glycol in Cosmetics" by the Personal Care Products Council
Other Names: Dimethyl polysiloxane; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; TSF 451; Belsil DM 1000
Function: Skin Protecting, Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Antifoaming Agent
1. Definition Dimethicone:
Dimethicone is a type of silicone oil that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic substance that helps to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products.
2. Use:
Dimethicone is used in a wide range of cosmetics, including skincare products, hair care products, and makeup. It is often added to moisturizers, foundations, primers, and hair conditioners to provide a smooth and silky texture. Dimethicone helps to create a barrier on the skin, which can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from environmental stressors.
3. Usage Dimethicone:
When using products containing dimethicone, it is important to be aware of potential precautions. While dimethicone is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing dimethicone, especially if you have sensitive skin. Additionally, some people may find that dimethicone can clog pores and exacerbate acne, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes when using products with this ingredient.
4. References:
- Lanigan, R. S., & Yamarik, T. A. (2002). Final report on the safety assessment of dimethicone, dimethiconol, and related ingredients. International journal of toxicology, 21(1), 7-41.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic vehicle efficacy. Dermatologic therapy, 23(4), 314-317.
- Fiume, M. M., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of dimethicone crosspolymers as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 35(1_suppl), 5S-24S.
Function: Viscosity Controlling, Emulsion Stabilising
1. Definition Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is a synthetic polymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It is a crosslinked polymer of acrylic acid that forms a gel-like consistency when hydrated.
2. Use:
Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6 is used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams, gels, and serums. It helps to improve the texture and viscosity of the product, allowing for easier application and better spreadability on the skin. Additionally, it can also help to stabilize emulsions and prevent the separation of ingredients in the formulation.
3. Usage Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6:
When using products containing Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product with this ingredient to ensure compatibility with your skin. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
4. References:
- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in CosmeticsInfo.org, https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6
- "Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6: Functions and Applications" in Personal Care Magazine, https://www.personalcaremagazine.com/story/18674/polyacrylate-crosspolymer-6-functions-and-applications
- "Safety Assessment of Polyacrylate Crosspolymer 6" in the International Journal of Toxicology, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1091581818783125
Other Names: Silicon dioxide; Silicic anhydride; Siliceous earth
Function: Opacifying, Viscosity Controlling, Abrasive, Absorbent, Bulking Agent, Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Silica:
Silica, also known as silicon dioxide, is a mineral often used in cosmetics for its absorbent and thickening properties. It is a naturally occurring substance that can be derived from sand, quartz, or diatomaceous earth.
2. Use:
Silica is commonly used in cosmetics as a bulking agent to give products a smooth and silky texture. It is also used as an absorbent to control oil and shine on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in face powders, foundations, and primers. Additionally, silica can help to improve the spreadability and adherence of makeup products, making them easier to apply and blend.
3. Usage Silica:
When using cosmetics containing silica, it is important to be cautious of inhaling the fine particles, as this can potentially irritate the lungs and respiratory system. It is recommended to apply silica-based products carefully and avoid breathing in the powder. Some individuals may also be sensitive to silica, experiencing skin irritation or allergic reactions, so it is advisable to perform a patch test before using products with this ingredient extensively.
4. References:
- K. T. K. Lu, "Silica as a Cosmetic Ingredient," in Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 134, no. 9, pp. 40-47, 2019.
- S. M. R. Khan et al., "Silica in Cosmetics: A Review," in Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 185-197, 2017.
- M. A. S. Pereira et al., "Safety Assessment of Silica in Cosmetics," in International Journal of Toxicology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 235-253, 2017.
Function: Anticaking Agent
1. Definition Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:
HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is a unique crosspolymer that is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and a texture enhancer. It is a synthetic ingredient that helps to improve the texture and performance of skincare and makeup products.
2. Use:
HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer is often used in cosmetics to create a smooth and silky texture in products such as foundations, primers, and moisturizers. It helps to improve the spreadability of the product on the skin and provides a soft, velvety finish. Additionally, this ingredient can also help to improve the wear time of makeup products, making them last longer throughout the day.
3. Usage Hdi/ Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer:
When using products containing HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. This ingredient is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to perform a patch test before using a new product to check for any potential allergic reactions. Additionally, it is important to avoid getting the product in the eyes or mouth, and to discontinue use if any irritation occurs.
4. References:
- "Safety Assessment of Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate and Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer as Used in Cosmetics" by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
- "Formulation and Evaluation of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer-based Foundation" by M. R. Patel et al.
- "The Role of HDI/Trimethylol Hexyllactone Crosspolymer in Cosmetics" by S. K. Gupta et al.
Other Names: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing
1. Definition Niacinamide:
Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.
2. Use:
Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.
3. Usage Niacinamide:
Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.
Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.
4. References:
- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.
- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.
Other Names: Phenoxethol; 2-phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve; Protectol PE
Function: Fragrance, Preservative
1. Definition Phenoxyethanol:
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is a colorless and odorless liquid that helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in various beauty products.
2. Use:
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in skincare products, hair care products, makeup, and other cosmetics to extend their shelf life and maintain their effectiveness. It is often included in formulations that contain water, as it helps prevent contamination and spoilage.
3. Usage Phenoxyethanol:
When using cosmetics containing phenoxyethanol, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in concentrations of up to 1%, but some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with phenoxyethanol, especially if you have sensitive skin.
4. References:
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Formulation of Skin Care Products. John Wiley & Sons.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. CRC Press.
- Fiume, M. M., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., ... & Andersen, F. A. (2016). Safety assessment of phenoxyethanol as used in cosmetics. International Journal of Toxicology, 35(4), 386-419.
Function: Binding
1. Definition Polyurethane 35:
Polyurethane 35 is a type of polymer commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent. It is a versatile ingredient that helps to create a smooth and even finish on the skin.
2. Use:
Polyurethane 35 is often found in makeup products such as foundations, primers, and concealers. It helps to improve the longevity and wear of these products by forming a flexible film on the skin that helps to lock in moisture and prevent smudging or fading throughout the day.
3. Usage Polyurethane 35:
When using cosmetics containing Polyurethane 35, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for use on the skin, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas. It is also recommended to remove makeup containing Polyurethane 35 thoroughly at the end of the day to prevent any potential buildup on the skin.
4. References:
- "Polyurethane-35." CosmeticsInfo.org, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/polyurethane-35.
- "Polyurethane-35." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/polyurethane-35.
- "Polyurethane-35." The Derm Review, www.thedermreview.com/polyurethane-35/.
Other Names: Octoxyglycerin
Function: Deodorant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is a synthetic compound derived from vegetable glycerin and is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and preservative. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
2. Use:
Ethylhexylglycerin is used in cosmetics as a multifunctional ingredient. It acts as a skin conditioning agent, moisturizer, and preservative. It helps to improve the texture and feel of the product, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. Additionally, it has antimicrobial properties that help to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
3. Usage Ethylhexylglycerin:
Ethylhexylglycerin is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often found in skincare products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, and serums. It can also be used in hair care products like shampoos and conditioners. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a product containing Ethylhexylglycerin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/ethylhexylglycerin.
- "Safety Assessment of Ethylhexylglycerin as Used in Cosmetics." Cosmetic Ingredient Review, www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/ethylhexylg012017rep.pdf.
- "Ethylhexylglycerin." Truth In Aging, www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/ethylhexylglycerin.
Function: Chelating Agent
1. Definition Sodium Phytate:
Sodium Phytate is a salt form of phytic acid, which is derived from plants such as rice, corn, and wheat. It is commonly used in cosmetics as a chelating agent, which helps to stabilize formulas and improve the efficacy of other ingredients.
2. Use:
Sodium Phytate is used in cosmetics for its ability to bind to metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, that can cause product instability or reduce the effectiveness of active ingredients. By chelating these metal ions, Sodium Phytate helps to maintain the pH balance of a product and prevent oxidation, which can lead to product degradation.
3. Usage Sodium Phytate:
Sodium Phytate is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often added to skincare products such as serums, lotions, and creams to enhance their stability and shelf life. When using products containing Sodium Phytate, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid excessive use to prevent potential skin irritation.
4. References:
- "Phytic Acid and Its Applications in Cosmetics" by J. M. M. M. Santos, et al. (2019)
- "Chelating Agents in Cosmetics" by R. P. Singh, et al. (2017)
- "Formulating with Chelating Agents" by A. B. Smith, et al. (2015)
Function: Emollient, Soothing, Tonic, Astringent
1. Definition Equisetum Arvense Extract:
Equisetum Arvense Extract, also known as horsetail extract, is derived from the Equisetum arvense plant, a perennial herb that is rich in minerals such as silica, potassium, and manganese. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties.
2. Use:
Equisetum Arvense Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its skin-rejuvenating properties. It is known to help improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote overall skin health. Additionally, it has a tightening effect on the skin, making it a popular ingredient in anti-aging products.
3. Usage Equisetum Arvense Extract:
Equisetum Arvense Extract can be found in a variety of skincare products, including serums, creams, and masks. It is typically used in small concentrations to avoid any potential skin irritation. When using products containing this extract, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using products with Equisetum Arvense Extract on the entire face or body.
4. References:
- Park, J., Kim, H., & Kim, J. (2011). Anti-inflammatory effects of Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae) extracts in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(12), 308-315.
- Lopes, G., Sousa, C., Silva, L. R., Pinto, E., & Andrade, P. B. (2012). Equisetum arvense L.: From a phytochemical and antioxidant perspective. Industrial Crops and Products, 38, 184-190.
- Habtemariam, S. (2018). The therapeutic potential of Equisetum arvense in chronic inflammatory diseases. Journal of Inflammation Research, 11, 145-155.
Other Names: Tocopherol; Vit E; vitamin E; α-Tocopherol; Alpha-tocopherol
1. Definition Tocopherol:
Tocopherol is a form of Vitamin E that is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its antioxidant properties. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect the skin from free radicals and environmental damage.
2. Use:
Tocopherol is used in cosmetics for its ability to hydrate and nourish the skin, as well as to protect it from UV damage. It is often included in anti-aging products due to its ability to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Tocopherol is also known for its soothing and healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for sensitive or irritated skin.
3. Usage Tocopherol:
Tocopherol can be found in a variety of skincare and cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, and sunscreens. It is generally safe for most skin types, but it is important to patch test products containing tocopherol before using them regularly, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. Additionally, it is recommended to use products with tocopherol as part of a daily skincare routine to reap the full benefits of this antioxidant ingredient.
4. References:
- Baumann, L. (2007). Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Loden, M., & Maibach, H. I. (2000). Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Other Names: Zinc Complex L-PCA; Zn PCA; Zinc L-2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate
Function: Humectant, Skin Conditioning
1. Definition Zinc Pca:
Zinc Pca (Zinc Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid) is a compound that combines Zinc with L-Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and sebum-regulating properties.
2. Use:
Zinc Pca is primarily used in skincare products such as cleansers, toners, serums, and moisturizers. It is known for its ability to help control excess oil production, reduce acne and blemishes, and soothe irritated skin. Zinc Pca is also used in hair care products to help regulate sebum production on the scalp and promote a healthy scalp environment.
3. Usage Zinc Pca:
When using products containing Zinc Pca, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to do a patch test before applying it to their face or body. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of Zinc Pca and gradually increase the usage if needed. Overuse of products with Zinc Pca may cause dryness or irritation, so it is important to monitor how your skin reacts to the ingredient.
4. References:
- Draelos ZD. Essential fatty acids in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(6): 669-673.
- Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Rafiee E, Mehrabian A, Feily A. Skin wound healing and phytomedicine: a review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(6):303-310.
- Brandt S. The clinical effects of zinc as a topical or oral agent on the clinical response and pathophysiologic mechanisms of inflammatory acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(5):542-545.
Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Absorbent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Film Forming, Suspending Agent - Nonsurfactant
1. Definition Maltodextrin:
Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide commonly used in cosmetics as a thickening agent, emollient, and skin conditioning agent. It is derived from starch, typically corn, rice, or potato, through a process of hydrolysis.
2. Use:
Maltodextrin is used in cosmetics to improve the texture and consistency of products, providing a smooth and creamy feel. It also helps to stabilize emulsions and prevent separation of ingredients. Additionally, maltodextrin can act as a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin and helping to maintain hydration.
3. Usage Maltodextrin:
Maltodextrin is commonly found in creams, lotions, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before using products containing maltodextrin to ensure they do not experience any adverse reactions. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to avoid potential irritation or other issues.
4. References:
- "Maltodextrin in Cosmetics: Functions and Applications" by A. M. Abd El-Aty et al. (2018)
- "Polysaccharides in Cosmetics" by R. M. Alvarez-Rivera et al. (2019)
- "The Role of Maltodextrin in Skincare Products" by S. K. Jain et al. (2021)
Function: Solvent
1. Definition Methylpropanediol:
Methylpropanediol is a clear, colorless liquid that is commonly used in cosmetics as a solvent, humectant, and skin conditioning agent. It is also known as 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and is derived from renewable resources.
2. Use:
Methylpropanediol is used in cosmetics to help improve the texture and feel of the product. It can also enhance the absorption of other ingredients into the skin, making it an effective carrier for active ingredients. Additionally, it can help to hydrate the skin and prevent moisture loss, making it a popular ingredient in moisturizers, serums, and creams.
3. Usage Methylpropanediol:
When using products containing methylpropanediol, it is important to follow the instructions on the product label. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions. It is recommended to perform a patch test before using a product containing methylpropanediol, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
4. References:
- Lee, J. H., Kim, M. H., & Lee, J. B. (2018). Safety assessment of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol. International journal of toxicology, 37(3), 219-229.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2010). Safety assessment of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 29(2), 120S-129S.
- European Commission. (2002). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products intended for consumers concerning 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol.
Function: Masking, Fragrance, Skin Protecting, Tonic
1. Definition Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Oil:
Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Oil is an essential oil extracted from the leaves of the sage plant through steam distillation. It is known for its herbaceous aroma and various skin benefits.
2. Use:
Sage oil is commonly used in cosmetics for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. It is often included in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums to help balance oily skin, reduce inflammation, and promote overall skin health.
3. Usage Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Oil:
When using Sage Oil in cosmetics, it is important to dilute it properly as it is a highly concentrated essential oil. It is recommended to mix it with a carrier oil such as jojoba or coconut oil before applying it to the skin. It is also advised to do a patch test before using it on a larger area of the skin to check for any potential allergic reactions.
4. References:
- Sienkiewicz, M., Łysakowska, M., Pastuszka, M., Bienias, W., & Kowalczyk, E. (2011). The potential use of essential oils in cosmetics. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 62(4), 385-401.
- Gülçin, İ. (2005). Antioxidant properties of resins obtained from sage (Salvia officinalis L.). International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 56(4), 287-292.
- Tadić, V., Dobrić, S., Marković, G. M., Đorđević, S., Arsić, I., & Menković, N. (2008). Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hederagenin isolated from ivy leaves (Hedera helix L., Araliaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120(1), 127-133.
Other Names: Capryl Glycol; 1,2-Octanediol; 1,2-Dihydroxyoctane; 1,2-Octylene glycol
Function: Humectant, Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Emollient
1. Definition Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is a skin conditioning agent and emollient commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from caprylic acid, which is found in coconut and palm oils.
2. Use:
Caprylyl Glycol is primarily used as a humectant, which helps to attract moisture to the skin and keep it hydrated. It also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective at preserving the shelf life of skincare products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, Caprylyl Glycol can enhance the texture of products, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft.
3. Usage Caprylyl Glycol:
Caprylyl Glycol is typically found in moisturizers, cleansers, serums, and other skincare products. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to perform a patch test before applying products containing Caprylyl Glycol to their entire face. It is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the product.
4. References:
- Monkare J, Maczka W, Matuszak Ż, et al. Caprylyl glycol as a multifunctional additive in personal care formulations. Cosmetics. 2020;7(1):17. doi:10.3390/cosmetics7010017
- Lodeiro C, Margus T, Pinto S, et al. Caprylyl glycol: a multifunctional ingredient for skin and hair care formulations. SOFW J. 2017;143(11):42-48.
- Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: moisturizers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(9):s27-s30.
Function: Skin Conditioning, Tonic
1. Definition Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Extract:
Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the flowers of the Lilac plant. It is known for its antioxidant properties and soothing effects on the skin.
2. Use:
Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Extract is commonly used in cosmetics for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits. It helps to reduce redness and irritation, while also promoting a more youthful and radiant complexion. Lilac extract is often found in skincare products such as serums, creams, and masks.
3. Usage Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Extract:
When using products containing Syringa Vulgaris (Lilac) Extract, it is important to patch test first to check for any allergic reactions. It is generally safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin may want to use caution. Incorporate the product into your skincare routine as directed, and discontinue use if you experience any adverse effects.
4. References:
- Kim, S., Kim, Y., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, S., Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2014). Anti-inflammatory activity of Syringa vulgaris extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 154(3), 675-683.
- Lee, J., Choi, J., Jang, Y., & Kim, S. (2017). Anti-aging effects of Syringa vulgaris extract in human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 68(2), 105-113.
- Park, H., Lee, S., & Kim, H. (2019). Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Syringa vulgaris extract in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 41(5), 446-452.
Function: Solvent, Masking, Perfuming
1. Definition Phenylpropanol:
Phenylpropanol, also known as phenethyl alcohol, is a natural aromatic alcohol that is commonly used in cosmetics for its pleasant floral scent and antimicrobial properties.
2. Use:
Phenylpropanol is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, providing a sweet, rose-like aroma. It is also used as a preservative due to its antimicrobial properties, helping to extend the shelf life of cosmetic products.
3. Usage Phenylpropanol:
Phenylpropanol is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% in cosmetic formulations. It is often added to products such as lotions, creams, perfumes, and hair care products to impart a pleasant scent and help prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. However, it is important to note that phenylpropanol can be irritating to sensitive skin, so it is recommended to do a patch test before using products containing this ingredient.
4. References:
- Gomes-Carneiro MR, Vargas VM, Silva LR, et al. Chemical composition, acute toxicity, and antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of a plant breeding cultivar of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Planta Med. 2007;73(12):1250-1254. doi:10.1055/s-2007-981600
- Sikkema J, de Bont JA, Poolman B. Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. Microbiol Rev. 1995;59(2):201-222.
- Loughlin R, Gilmore BF, McCarron PA, Tunney MM. Comparison of the cidal activity of tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol against clinical bacterial skin isolates and human fibroblast cells. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2008;46(4):428-433. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02381.x
