Name: philosophy the microdelivery triple acid brightening peel
Brand: Philosophy
Rating: 5 (6 reviews)

Water

Other Names: Aqua; H2O; Eau; Aqueous; Acqua

Function: Solvent

1. Definition Water:

Water is a common ingredient in cosmetics, used as a solvent to dissolve other ingredients, as a carrier for active ingredients, and to provide hydration and moisture to the skin.

2. Use:

Water is a crucial component in cosmetics as it helps to create the desired texture and consistency of products. It also serves as a medium for other ingredients to mix together effectively and evenly. Additionally, water helps to hydrate the skin and improve the overall feel and application of cosmetic products.

3. Usage Water:

When using cosmetics that contain water, it is important to be mindful of the expiration date and storage conditions. Water-based products are susceptible to bacterial growth, so it is essential to avoid contaminating the product by using clean hands or tools when applying. It is also recommended to store water-based cosmetics in a cool, dry place to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

4. References:

- Draelos, Z. D. (2010). Cosmetic dermatology: products and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.

- Winter, R. (2009). A consumer's dictionary of cosmetic ingredients: complete information about the harmful and desirable ingredients found in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Crown.

- Begoun, P. (2003). Don't go to the cosmetics counter without me: a unique guide to over 30,000 products, plus the latest skin-care research. Beginning Press.

Triethanolamine

Other Names: TEA; Triethanoamine; Triethanolamide; Trolamine; Sterolamide

Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant

1. Definition Triethanolamine:

Triethanolamine, also known as TEA, is a viscous organic compound that is commonly used in cosmetics as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and fragrance ingredient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a slight ammonia-like odor.

2. Use:

Triethanolamine is used in cosmetics to help stabilize and maintain the pH of products, ensuring that they are safe and effective for use on the skin. It also functions as an emulsifier, helping to blend together ingredients that would otherwise separate. Additionally, triethanolamine can be found in some cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient, providing a pleasant scent to the product.

3. Usage Triethanolamine:

While triethanolamine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, there are some precautions to keep in mind. It is important to avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of triethanolamine, as it may cause skin irritation or sensitization. It is recommended to use products containing triethanolamine as directed and to discontinue use if any adverse reactions occur. Additionally, it is important to store products containing triethanolamine in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain their stability.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Triethanolamine. https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/triethanolamine

- Personal Care Products Council. (2013). Safety Assessment of Triethanolamine and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr108.pdf

- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Triethanolamine. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.2120

Niacinamide

Other Names: Nicotinic acid amide; Nicotinamide

Function: Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing

1. Definition Niacinamide:

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin that is commonly used in skincare products for its various benefits for the skin.

2. Use:

Niacinamide is used in cosmetics for its ability to improve the appearance of enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines, and dullness. It also helps to strengthen the skin's barrier, reduce inflammation, and regulate oil production.

3. Usage Niacinamide:

Niacinamide can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and lotions. It is typically applied topically to the skin and can be used both in the morning and evening as part of a skincare routine. It is generally well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, but it is always recommended to do a patch test before using a new product containing niacinamide.

Precautions: While niacinamide is generally considered safe for most skin types, some individuals may experience mild irritation or allergic reactions. It is important to start with a lower concentration of niacinamide and gradually increase the dosage to minimize the risk of irritation. It is also recommended to consult with a dermatologist before incorporating niacinamide into your skincare routine, especially if you have any pre-existing skin conditions.

4. References:

- Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298-307.

- Bissett, D. L., Oblong, J. E., & Berge, C. A. (2005). Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance. Dermatologic Surgery, 31(7), 860-865.

- Draelos, Z. D. (2005). The latest cosmeceutical approaches for anti-aging. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4(4), 273-278.

Phytic Acid

Other Names: Inositol Hexaphosphate

Function: Chelating Agent

1. Definition Phytic Acid:

Phytic acid, also known as inositol hexaphosphate, is a naturally occurring compound found in plant seeds and grains. It is a powerful antioxidant and chelating agent that can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors and free radicals.

2. Use:

Phytic acid is commonly used in cosmetics for its exfoliating properties. It can help to gently remove dead skin cells, promote cell turnover, and improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin. Additionally, phytic acid has been shown to have skin-brightening and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a popular ingredient in products targeting hyperpigmentation and acne-prone skin.

3. Usage Phytic Acid:

When using products containing phytic acid, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration of phytic acid and gradually increase the frequency of use to prevent irritation or sensitivity. It is also important to use sunscreen daily when using products containing phytic acid, as it can increase the skin's sensitivity to UV radiation.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 3, 135–142.

- Maia Campos, P. M. B. G., Gaspar, L. R., & Gonçalves, G. M. (2006). Evaluation of the effects of a semi-solid formulation of phytic acid in the stratum corneum and underlying layers of the skin using high-resolution two-photon tomography. Skin Research and Technology, 12(2), 105–111.

- Schagen, S. K., & Zampeli, V. A. (2019). Phytic acid in skincare formulations. Cosmetics, 6(2), 29.

Mandelic Acid

Function: Antimicrobial, Exfoliant

1. Definition Mandelic Acid:

Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds. It is known for its exfoliating properties and is commonly used in skincare products to improve skin texture, tone, and overall appearance.

2. Use:

Mandelic acid is used in cosmetics and skincare products as a chemical exfoliant to remove dead skin cells and promote cell turnover. It is also effective in treating acne, hyperpigmentation, and fine lines. Additionally, mandelic acid has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

3. Usage Mandelic Acid:

When using skincare products containing mandelic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to prevent irritation or sensitivity. It is recommended to patch test the product on a small area of skin before applying it to the entire face. Mandelic acid should be used in the evening, followed by sunscreen during the day, as it can increase skin sensitivity to UV rays. It is also advisable to gradually increase the frequency of use to allow the skin to acclimate to the product.

4. References:

- Kornhauser, A., Coelho, S. G., & Hearing, V. J. (2010). Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 3, 135–142.

- Sharad, J. (2013). Glycolic acid peel therapy – a current review. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 6, 281–288.

- Ditre, C. M., Griffin, T. D., Murphy, G. F., & Sueki, H. (1996). Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 34(2), 187–195.

Azelaic Acid

Other Names: Azeleic Acid; Nonanedioic Acid

Function: Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent

1. Definition Azelaic Acid:

Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid found in grains like barley, wheat, and rye. In cosmetics, it is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, making it effective in treating acne, rosacea, and hyperpigmentation.

2. Use:

Azelaic acid is used in skincare products such as creams, gels, and serums to help improve the appearance of skin by reducing inflammation, unclogging pores, and fading dark spots. It is also known for its ability to regulate skin cell turnover, resulting in smoother and more even-toned skin.

3. Usage Azelaic Acid:

When using products containing azelaic acid, it is important to start with a lower concentration to assess tolerance and gradually increase the frequency of use as needed. It is recommended to apply a thin layer of the product to clean, dry skin once or twice daily, followed by a moisturizer and sunscreen to protect the skin from potential sensitivity to sunlight.

4. References:

- Del Rosso, J. Q. (2013). Azelaic acid topical formulations: differentiating 15% gel from 20% cream. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 12(9), 1012-1016.

- Thiboutot, D., Dréno, B., Abanmi, A., Alexis, A., Araviiskaia, E., Barona Cabal, M. I., ... & Zouboulis, C. C. (2018). Practical management of acne for clinicians: an international consensus from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(2), S1-S23.

- Kircik, L. H. (2014). Azelaic acid 15% gel: in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 7(12), 27-29.

Glycereth 7 Trimethyl Ether

Function: Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Humectant

1. Definition Glycereth 7 Trimethyl Ether:

Glycereth 7 Trimethyl Ether is a synthetic compound derived from glycerin that is commonly used in cosmetics as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor.

2. Use:

Glycereth 7 Trimethyl Ether is used in a wide range of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, lotions, creams, serums, and hair care products. It helps to hydrate and soften the skin, leaving it feeling smooth and supple. Additionally, it can improve the texture of formulations and enhance the spreadability of products on the skin.

3. Usage Glycereth 7 Trimethyl Ether:

When using products containing Glycereth 7 Trimethyl Ether, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Apply the product to clean, dry skin as directed, and avoid contact with the eyes. If any irritation or allergic reaction occurs, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.

4. References:

- Cosmeticsinfo.org. (n.d.). Glycereth-7 Trimethyl Ether. Retrieved from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/glycereth-7-trimethyl-ether

- Personal Care Council. (2019). Glycereth-7 Trimethyl Ether. Retrieved from https://www.personalcarecouncil.org/ingredient-glossary/glycereth-7-trimethyl-ether/

- Truth In Aging. (2014). Glycereth-7 Trimethyl Ether. Retrieved from https://www.truthinaging.com/ingredients/glycereth-7-trimethyl-ether

Alpha-Bisabolol

1. Definition Alpha-Bisabolol:

Alpha-Bisabolol is a natural, colorless, viscous oil derived from the chamomile plant. It is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products.

2. Use:

Alpha-Bisabolol is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to calm and soothe the skin. It is often included in formulations for sensitive skin, as it can help reduce redness and irritation. Additionally, Alpha-Bisabolol is known to have anti-aging benefits, helping to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

3. Usage Alpha-Bisabolol:

Alpha-Bisabolol can be found in a variety of skincare products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks. It is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2%. When using products containing Alpha-Bisabolol, it is important to patch test first to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions. It is generally considered safe for most skin types, but individuals with sensitive skin should use caution and consult with a dermatologist if necessary.

4. References:

- Kim, S., Kim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2015). Anti-inflammatory activity of α-bisabolol by inhibition of iNOS, COX-2 and cytokines via the NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 43(2), 227-241.

- Fuchs, S. M., Schliemann-Willers, S., Fischer, T. W., & Elsner, P. (2003). Protective effects of different marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and rosemary cream preparations against sodium-lauryl-sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 16(6), 324-330.

- Cardia, G. F. E., Silva-Filho, S. E., Silva, E. L., Uchida, N. S., Cavalcante, H., & Cassarotti, L. L. (2018). Effect of α-bisabolol in reducing acute inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental model of pleurisy in rats. BioMed Research International, 2018.

Alcohol Denat

Other Names: SD Alcohol; SD Alcohol 40; SD Alcohol 40B; Denatured Alcohol; Dehydrated Ethanol; Alcohol Denatured

Function: Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent

1. Definition Alcohol Denat:

Alcohol Denat, also known as denatured alcohol, is a type of alcohol that has been treated with chemicals to make it unfit for consumption. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, astringent, and preservative.

2. Use:

Alcohol Denat is used in cosmetics to help dissolve other ingredients, such as fragrances and essential oils, and to create a smooth texture in products like lotions and creams. It also acts as an astringent, helping to tighten and tone the skin, and as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product.

3. Usage Alcohol Denat:

When using products containing Alcohol Denat, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some people may experience skin irritation or dryness when using products with high concentrations of denatured alcohol. It is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product to check for any adverse reactions. Additionally, it is best to avoid using products with Alcohol Denat on broken or irritated skin.

4. References:

- "Denatured Alcohol in Cosmetics." Cosmetics Info, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/denatured-alcohol.

- "Alcohol Denat." Paula's Choice Skincare, www.paulaschoice.com/ingredient-dictionary/skin-soothing/alcohol-denat.html.

- "Is Alcohol Denat Safe in Skin Care?" Byrdie, www.byrdie.com/alcohol-denat-in-skincare.

PEG-8/SMDI Copolymer

Function: Film Forming

1. Definition PEG-8/SMDI Copolymer:

PEG-8/SMDI Copolymer is a copolymer composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG-8) and stearyl methacrylate dimethylamine crosspolymer (SMDI). It is commonly used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and emulsifier.

2. Use:

PEG-8/SMDI Copolymer is primarily used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent, helping to create a smooth and even application of products on the skin. It also acts as an emulsifier, helping to stabilize the formulation and prevent separation of ingredients. Additionally, it can enhance the texture and feel of cosmetic products, providing a silky and luxurious finish.

3. Usage PEG-8/SMDI Copolymer:

PEG-8/SMDI Copolymer is typically found in a variety of cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, serums, and makeup. It is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, it is important to follow the recommended usage levels provided by the manufacturer. It is also advisable to perform a patch test before using products containing PEG-8/SMDI Copolymer, especially if you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies.

4. References:

- Kaur, A., & Kaur, R. (2018). Polyethylene glycol: a versatile polymer for pharmaceutical applications. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11(2), 20-27.

- Lodeiro, C., & Capelo, J. L. (2019). Analytical techniques for the determination of polyethylene glycols and polyethylene glycol derivatives in cosmetic products. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 111, 193-203.

- Tadros, T. (2014). Emulsions: formation, stability, industrial applications. Wiley-VCH.

EWG	CIR	Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Function	Notes
1	-	Water (Solvent)
5	B	Triethanolamine (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent, Emulsifying, Surfactant)	Cleansing
1	A	Niacinamide (Hair Conditioning, Skin Conditioning, Smoothing)	Anti Aging Brightening
2	-	Phytic Acid (Chelating Agent)
1	-	Mandelic Acid (Antimicrobial, Exfoliant)	Anti Aging
1	A	Azelaic Acid (Masking, Fragrance, pH adjusting agent, pH adjusting agent)	Brightening Acne fighting
1	-	Glycereth 7 Trimethyl Ether (Skin Conditioning, Emollient, Humectant)
1	A	Alpha-Bisabolol	Brightening Promotes Wound Healing
4	-	Alcohol Denat (Solvent, Masking, Antifoaming Agent, Viscosity Controlling, Antimicrobial, Astringent)	Bad for sensitive skin Bad for dry skin Alcohol
3	-	PEG-8/SMDI Copolymer (Film Forming)

philosophy the microdelivery triple acid brightening peel

Ingredients

Analysis results of Ingredients

Ingredient List